Forest resources are important economic assets to Mississippi. Therefore, the forestry community needs to maintain viable relationships with key constituency groups such as teachers. The study’s objectives were to use focus groups and mail questionnaires to determine values, attitudes, and educational needs of Mississippi’s public school teachers toward forestry and forest industry. Most teachers had positive or somewhat positive attitudes (70%) toward forest industry. No significant differences were found between prekindergarten through 3rd- and 4th- through 8th-grade teachers (t =0.308, p (...) =0.758), prekindergarten through 3rd- and 9th- through 12th-grade teachers (t = –0.667, p = 0.506), or 4th- through 8th- and 9th-through 12th-grade teachers (t = 0.246, p = 0.806). Preferred communication methods for teachers in general were school visits, educational materials, and partnerships. Preferred topics of interest were the environment, wildlife habitat, and wildlife. This study stresses the importance of tailoring communication and educational activities to address state-specific social and cultural needs of teachers. (shrink)

Uncertainty about the acceptability of the forest industry and its practices to the citizens of Mississippi provided the impetus for a study of the attitudes and perceptions of eight constituency groups toward the forest industry in the state. This study examines attitudes and perceptions of two of those groups, loggers and two environmentalists/conservationists, and finds similarities and differences. Survey data analysis finds that all groups hold similar perceptions of themes defining the forest industry and forest industry occupations but differ concerning (...) activities the industry does or does not perform well and environmental problems associated with the forest industry. Mississippi Loggers Association members hold more positive attitudes/perceptions, similar to those of the Mississippi Wildlife Federation. Attitudes/perceptions of Mississippi 2020, a small grassroots organization, differ from Mississippi Loggers Association members in all instances and from Mississippi Wildlife Federation members on some issues. (shrink)

Los Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez se han ganado a pulso, a lo largo de los años, sobre todo gracias a la tenacidad de Nicolás López Calera y al equipo formado en torno a él en la Facultad de Derecho de Granada, el mérito de ser la principal referencia bibliográfica de la Filosofía del Derecho en España junto al Anuario de Filosofía del Derecho en la etapa en que J. J. Gil Cremades fue su director. Otras revistas se han (...) ocupado menos del filosofar jurídico que, fundamentalmente, de lo que podríamos llamar problemas de teoría general y de interpretación del derecho. Y ahora, por la amistosa pero tenaz compulsión de M. Saavedra, me veo en la obligación de contribuir a esta entrega de una revista prestigiosa, con no poca vergüenza, con la descripción de mi más que modesta aportación a la reflexión jurídico-política en los últimos casi cincuenta años. Las páginas que siguen expresarán pues una autopercepción, que sin duda deberá ser corregida por el lector. No obstante, trataré de introducir datos que puedan rectificar lo que me parecen errores de algunas publicaciones sobre la filosofía del derecho española en general y sobre mi propio trabajo en particular. (shrink)

One of the most learned and prolific writers of the ninth century was Remigius of Auxerre . In addition to lengthy expositions of several books of the Bible, he wrote Commentaries on Donatus, Priscian, Eutyches, Beda, the Disticha Catonis, Sedulius, Martianus Capella, Boethius, and Phocas.

Readers have struggled to interpret an image from the end of Juvenal's fifth satire, a poem which focusses upon the poor hospitality shown to a dinner guest, Trebius, at the hands of his host, Virro. After repeatedly juxtaposing the luxurious food served to Virro with the scant fare served to Trebius, Juvenal describes the final course of thecena. He again contrasts the host's hyper-abundance with his guest's mere scraps (5.149–55):Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus illa iubebitpoma dari, quorum solo pascaris odore,qualia (...) perpetuus Phaeacum autumnus habebat,credere quae possis subrepta sororibus Afris:tu scabie frueris mali, quod in aggere roditqui tegitur parma et galea, metuensque flagellidiscit ab hirsuta iaculum torquere capella.Virro will demand that he and the rest of his entourage receive these apples—though you'll dine on their smell alone—like those the endless autumn of the Phaeacians used to yield, which you could believe stolen away from the African sisters: you will enjoy the scab of an apple, which, on the Embankment, is gnawed by someone who is protected by a buckler and helm and who, fearing a whipping, learns to hurl a javelin from atop a shaggy goat.While the core contrast between the quality of each type of fare is clear, the concludingqui-clause is less intelligible. Who could this entity be? On line 153, the scholiast comments:quale simia manducat. Whilequalecould refer to the object being eaten (scabie mali quod) rather than to thequi-antecedent, it is clear in any case that the ancient reader felt that 5.153–5 evoked the image of an ape. Recent commentaries on Juvenal's fifth satire reflect a scholarly consensus: J.D. Duff, Edward Courtney, Susanna Braund and Biagio Santorelli all follow the scholiast's suggestion and believe that the passage describes a trained ape, as do recent readers of the poem. (shrink)

This study described the relationships between academic class and student moral sensitivity and reasoning and between curriculum design components for ethics education and student moral sensitivity and reasoning. The data were collected from freshman (n = 506) and senior students (n = 440) in eight baccalaureate nursing programs in South Korea by survey; the survey consisted of the Korean Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Korean Defining Issues Test. The results showed that moral sensitivity scores in patient-oriented care and conflict were (...) higher in senior students than in freshman students. Furthermore, more hours of ethics content were associated with higher principled thinking scores of senior students. Nursing education in South Korea may have an impact on developing student moral sensitivity. Planned ethics content in nursing curricula is necessary to improve moral sensitivity and moral reasoning of students. (shrink)

Los ensayos clínicos son imprescindibles para disponer de medicamentos que ayuden a nuestra curación. En muchos casos es imprescindible llevarlos a cabo con menores para lograr medicamentos seguros y ef icaces para ese grupo de población. Existen muchas normas que regulan la participación de los menores en esos ensayos, tratando de conciliar la necesidad de investigar con la proteger el bienestar de los niños. Este trabajo trata de ofrecer una interpretación coherente de la confusa regulación española sobre la materia. El (...) criterio general consiste en exigir tanto el consentimiento de los padres (o representantes legales) y el asentimiento de los niños hasta que alcancen la mayoría de edad legal. (shrink)

Algunos autores sostienen que una de las características que ha de tener la bioética que aspire a ser universal es la laicidad. En la primera parte del trabajo analizo lo que algunos autores que se han ocupado de la cuestión entienden por bioética laica y el tratamiento que proponen para las posiciones procedentes de ámbitos religiosos. Concluyo que el concepto de bioética laica es ambiguo y corre el riesgo de convertirse en justificación para la exclusión pública de aquellos discursos que (...) no se compartan. En la segunda parte recuerdo algunas ideas acerca de la utilidad social de la religión (Tocqueville) y de la importancia vital de la libertad de pensamiento y expresión para la democracia (Mill), en cuanto que pueden contribuir a definir con mayor precisión el puesto de las religiones en los debates públicos sobre bioética. (shrink)

Este trabajo se plantea tres cuestiones dirigidas a mejorar las propuestas sobre la gobernanza y regulación de la biología sintética. En primer lugar, se refieren algunos de los hitos científicos que han jalonado su desarrollo y el modo en que han influido en los debates ciudadanos sobre ella. En segundo lugar, se trata del marco jurídico internacional, con el fin de indagar en los principios sobre los que se sustenta y debería sustentarse. Por último, se revisan críticamente los informes acerca (...) de los aspectos éticos y sociales de la BIOSIN, publicados por organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales en los últimos diez años. (shrink)

We report on a study of the religious correlates of generalized trust. Our critical frame leads us to explore novel questions about how nonreligion may encourage social trust. We find that those who believe the bible to be a book of fables are more trusting than those with other beliefs about the text, and that nontheists report a greater willingness to trust. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research about religious belief and generalized trust.

Vivimos en una sociedad en la que lo digital lo ha invadido todo. Han se ha ocupado de analizar este cambio desde la perspectiva antropológica y social, con una posición radicalmente crítica. Para Han el medio digital es un medio que nos re-programa. El cambio principal consiste en que desaparece lo que Han llama la “negatividad”. La negatividad aparece como aquello que no es positivo, que no es puesto (positum) por el individuo, sino que le viene dado y se percibe (...) inicialmente como límite. Esa negatividad de lo dado tiene múltiples manifestaciones: es lo no-inmediato, lo extraño, lo otro, lo que produce pesar y resistencia. Esta transformación hacia la transparencia “es una coacción sistémica que se apodera de todos los sucesos sociales y los somete a un profundo cambio”. Esto afecta incluso al hombre mismo, que es convertido también en un elemento funcional del sistema. Han analiza esa coacción violenta de la transparencia digital, y su omnipresencia, desde distintos enfoques a lo largo de sus libros. De ellos hemos seleccionado cinco: las relaciones personales (respeto y confianza), las relaciones comerciales (el mercado), las relaciones políticas y las relaciones con la realidad, mediadas por nuestro entendimiento del espacio y el tiempo. (shrink)

Existen dos grandes visiones acerca del contenido del derecho humano al ambiente: una tiene un carácter más político y aspira a la transformación social y otra es pragmática y atiende más a los aspectos técnico-jurídicos. El artículo trata de perfilar cuál sería el contenido del derecho al ambiente desde cada una de estas visiones, para concluir que ambas posiciones no son disyuntivas sino complementarias, necesitando cada una de la otra. En la primera parte se trata del derecho humano al medio (...) ambiente en los textos legales, principalmente en la Constitución española. Este derecho está integrado por tres aspectos: la información, la participación y la educación. El derecho al medio ambiente como objetivo político es estudiado en la segunda parte del artículo, subrayando los diferentes perfiles del mismo en los países desarrollados y en los países en vías de desarrollo. (shrink)

Me propongo caracterizar brevemente el marco histórico en que se ha producido el fenómeno de la globalización para destacar algunos de sus rasgos. A partir de ellos intentaré describir los principales cambios que ha determinado la globalización en las instituciones políticas de gobierno y apuntar algunos de los interrogantes que eso plantea al filosofar sobre la sociedad y sobre el derecho.

La subrogación internacional ha sido vista hasta hace poco tiempo como una práctica ilícita; sin embargo, se está convirtiendo en una práctica común para tener un hijo cuando no se puede conseguir de otro modo. Después de presentar los diferentes tipos de subrogación (internacional) que se pueden llevar a cabo y los términos en los que se ha desarrollado el debate público sobre este tema, considero los aspectos éticos y legales de la subrogación internacional. Me pregunto si es compatible con (...) el principio de vulnerabilidad y con la dignidad y los derechos humanos de las personas afectadas: 1) los niños resultantes de esta práctica, 2) la mujer gestante y 3) los comitentes. Concluyo que una regulación de esta práctica sería insuficiente y que la respuesta correcta es alcanzar un acuerdo universal para prohibirla. (shrink)

In recent literature, panpsychism has been defended by appeal to two main arguments: first, an argument from philosophy of mind, according to which panpsychism is the only view which successfully integrates consciousness into the physical world (Strawson 2006; Chalmers 2013); second, an argument from categorical properties, according to which panpsychism offers the only positive account of the categorical or intrinsic nature of physical reality (Seager 2006; Adams 2007; Alter and Nagasawa 2012). Historically, however, panpsychism has also been defended by appeal (...) to a third argument based on considerations about the nature and observability of causation. This argument has not been much discussed in recent times. Here is a concise version from William James: "… the concrete perceptual flux, taken just as it comes, offers in our own activity-situations perfectly comprehensible instances of causal agency … If we took these experiences as the type of what actual causation is, we should have to ascribe to cases of causation outside of our life, to physical cases also, an inwardly experiential nature. In other words, we should have to espouse a so-called “pan-psychic” philosophy" (James 1911: 218). James here suggests that we have direct experience of causation in our own agency. He thereby directly contradicts David Hume, who famously denied that we have any experience of causation. James goes on to claim that if this experience is representative of causation in general, it follows that all causation is mental, and that panpsychism is true. This kind of argument for panpsychism can be called the argument from (experience of) causation. This chapter offers, first, a history of this argument and arguments closely related to it, and second, an analysis of the argument – is it valid, are its premises in any way defensible, and how does it relate to the other, more popular arguments for panpsychism from philosophy of mind and categorical properties? (shrink)

Hartry Field has shown us a way to be nominalists: we must purge our scientific theories of quantification over abstracta and we must prove the appropriate conservativeness results. This is not a path for the faint hearted. Indeed, the substantial technical difficulties facing Field's project have led some to explore other, easier options. Recently, Jody Azzouni, Joseph Melia, and Stephen Yablo have argued that it is a mistake to read our ontological commitments simply from what the quantifiers of our best (...) scientific theories range over. In this paper, I argue that all three arguments fail and they fail for much the same reason; would-be nominalists are thus left facing Field's hard road. (shrink)

The author presents and defends three theses: (1) "the first is that it is not profitable for us at present to do moral philosophy; that should be laid aside at any rate until we have an adequate philosophy of psychology." (2) "the second is that the concepts of obligation, And duty... And of what is morally right and wrong, And of the moral sense of 'ought', Ought to be jettisoned if this is psychologically possible...." (3) "the third thesis is that (...) the differences between the well-Known english writers on moral philosophy from sidgwick to the present day are of little importance." (staff). (shrink)

This paper is an update of the documents we have concerning the Acts of the Christian martyrs, focused on three main aspects: 1) the kind of acts we know of and their classification from the point of view of their historic value; 2) the versions or editions of the texts that are most accepted by scholars; 3) the relevance of the different parts that make up these documents in order to discern the original text from passages that were rewritten or (...) underwent later variations. In this way, the article offers an exhaustive list of the documents for use in researching Christian martyrs in the Roman period. (shrink)

This is the first comprehensive study of Nietzsche's earliest (and extraordinary) book, The Birth of Tragedy (1872). When he wrote it, Nietzsche was a Greek scholar, a friend and champion of Wagner, and a philosopher in the making. His book has been very influential and widely read, but has always posed great difficulties for readers because of the particular way Nietzsche brings his ancient and modern interests together. The proper appreciation of such a work requires access to ideas that cross (...) the boundaries of conventional specialisms. This is now provided by M. S. Silk and J. P. Stern in their joint study of Nietzsche's book. They examine in detail its content, style and form; its strange genesis and hybrid status; its biographical background and the controversy engendered by its publication; its value as an account of ancient Greek culture and as a theory of tragedy and music; its relation to other theories of tragedy; and its place in the history of German ideas and in Nietzsche's own philosophical career. (shrink)

Traditional Chinese commentators rightly see that understanding Zhuangzi's way with words is the presupposition for understanding Zhuangzi at all. They are not sure, however, if Zhuangzi's words are super-effective or pure nonsense. I consider Zhuangzi's experience with language, and then turn to Heidegger's word of being to see if it may throw light on Zhuangzi's way of saying. I argue that a conversation between Heidegger and Zhuangzi on language is possible, but only by expanding Heidegger's notion of Gestell and through (...) a destruction of the dominant Confucian discourse that obscures Zhuangzi's way of saying. (shrink)

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated drastic changes to undergraduate medical training at the University of Botswana (UB). To save the academic year when campus was locked down, the Department of Medical Education conducted a needs assessment to determine the readiness for emergency remote teaching (ERT) of the Faculty of Medicine, UB. Objectives. To report on the findings of needs assessment surveys to assess learner and teaching staff preparedness for fair and just ERT, as defined by philosopher John Rawls. Methods. Needs (...) assessment surveys were conducted using Office 365 Forms distributed via WhatsApp, targeting medical students and teaching staff during the 5 undergraduate years. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results. Ninety-two percent (266/289) of students and 73.5% (62/84) of teaching staff responded. Surveys revealed a high penetration of smartphones among students, but poor internet accessibility and affordability in homes. Some teaching staff also reported internet and device insufficiencies. Only WhatsApp was accessible to students and teaching staff. Conclusions. For equitable access to ERT in the future, the surveys revealed infrastructural improvement needs, including wider, stronger, affordable WiFi coverage within Botswana and enhanced digital infrastructures in educational institutions, with increased support for students. (shrink)

Greek text, english translation and commentary on the surviving fragments of Empedocles (fragments as known in 1981, does not include more recent finds).

Physical education is often selected for applying multilingual initiatives through the use of the content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach. However, it is still unclear whether the introduction of such approach might entail losing Physical Education’s essence and distorting its basic purposes. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of CLIL on the Physical Education lessons. Given the purpose of this study, a mixed methodological approach based on a sequential exploratory design divided in two different phases (...) is used. We begin with an initial qualitative data collection (phase I) consisting in the analysis of interviews with 12 participants (8 teachers and 4 students). Based on its analysis, two foci are identified: social relationships and physical activity. Then, informed by the results obtained, a quantitative approach is used (phase II), differentiating these two sets of data to deepen on them. On one part, a sociometric questionnaire was applied to analyse the social relationships among CLIL students. On the other part, a quasi-experimental design (n = 49) was implemented using accelerometry to measure the MVPA of the PE sessions. Regarding physical activity, the results show that levels of MVPA are higher in the experimental group (CLIL) than in the control group showing light to the divergent viewpoints of interviewees. However, focusing on social relationships, the sociometric questionnaire results show that there were no statistical significative changes, although some signs of a slight effect on students’ relationships arise depending on their gender. Therefore, more research would be necessary to deepen on how CLIL affects in this regard. (shrink)