Resumo: Este artigo pretende pontuar a relevância da presencia de Rousseau no pensamento de Fichte contra a imagem estereotipada da relação entre os dois pensadores. Trata-se, então, de desconstruir a crítica que Fichte dirige a Rousseau na última conferência do ciclo sobre a Vocação do sábio de 1794 a partir dos efeitos que Fichte pretende produzir na audiência. Pois, cabe ressaltar como o objeto dessa critica é um Rousseau caricatural, difundida na audiência alemã pelos trabalhos de Reimarius e Wieland sobre (...) os primeiros dois Discursos e os escritos autobiográficos do autor genebrino. O objetivo principal do trabalho é o de mostrar como por meio dessa diferenciação permite a Fichte integrar subterraneamente motivos rousseauanos destinados a marcar de maneira relevante sua filosofia prática. This article aims at highlighting the relevance of the presence of Rousseau in Fichte’s though against the stereotyped image of their relationship. We deconstruct Fichte’s critics against Rousseau during his last lecture of his Vocation of scholar in 1794. That deconstruction is lead by the effects Fichte aimed to produce on his audience. His goal was to defend himself by the accusation of being a Jacobinist. Then, it has to be showed how the object of his critic is a caricatural image of Rousseau, created and diffused by Wieland and Reimarius by their receptions of Rousseau’s first two Discourses and autobiographic works. The main goal of this work is then to show how Fichte’s differentiation from that caricatural image of Rousseau permits him to integrate Rousseau’s themes aimed to deeply mark his own philosophy. (shrink)

En esta investigación se busca analizar, a través de un texto fundamental de la obra Ciencia de la Lógica de Hegel, que versa sobre la línea nodal de relaciones de medida, un modo distinto tanto de hacer filosofía como de comprender la relación que se da entre la naturaleza y el espíritu.

The correspondence principle states that the quantum system will approach the classical system in high quantum numbers. Indeed, the average of the quantum probability density distribution reflects a classical-like distribution. However, the probability of finding a particle at the node of the wave function is zero. This condition is recognized as the nodal issue. In this paper, we propose a solution for this issue by means of complex quantum random trajectories, which are obtained by solving the stochastic differential equation (...) derived from the optimal guidance law. It turns out that point set A, which is formed by the intersections of complex random trajectories with the real axis, can represent the quantum mechanical compatible distribution of the quantum harmonic oscillator system. Meanwhile, the projections of complex quantum random trajectories on the real axis form point set B that gives a spatial distribution without the appearance of nodes, and approaches the classical compatible distribution in high quantum numbers. Furthermore, the statistical distribution of point set B is verified by the solution of the Fokker–Planck equation. (shrink)

En el presente artículo efectuamos una lectura crítica de distintos posicionamientos teóricos respecto a la posibilidad —o no— de una filosofía materialista. Para ello tratamos de circunscribir la especificidad de una práctica teórica que dé cuenta de otras prácticas (teóricas o no) sin reducirlas a un lenguaje homogéneo o explicarlas desde un metalenguaje. En este recorrido vamos presentando entonces distintas perspectivas que permitirán ir desplegando nuestro propio punto de vista en torno a la posibilidad —o no— de una práctica filosófica (...) de tal índole. (shrink)

The external surfaces of the human body, as well as its internal organs, constantly experience different kinds of mechanical stimulations. For example, tubular epithelial cells of the kidney are continuously exposed to a variety of mechanical forces, such as fluid flow shear stress within the lumen of th nephron. The majority of epithelial cells along the nephron, except intercalated cells, possess a primary cilium, an organelle projecting from the cell's apical surface into the luminal space. Despite its discovery over 100 (...) years ago, the primary cilium's function continued to elude researchers for many decades. However, recent studies indicate that renal cilia have a sensory function. Studies on polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have identified many of the molecular players, which should help solve the mystery of how the renal cilium senses fluid flow. In this review, we will summarize the recent breakthroughs in PKD research and discuss the role(s) of th polycystin signaling complex in mediating mechanosensory function by the primary cilium of renal epithelium as well as of the embryonic node. BioEssays 26:844–856, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Disruption of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) usually leads to left‐right (LR) patterning defects in multiple organs. However, whether the LR patterning of organs is always regulated in a coupled way has largely not yet been elucidated. In addition, whether other crucial regulators exist in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal in regulating organ LR patterning is also undetermined. In this paper, after briefly summarizing the common process of LR patterning, the most puzzling question regarding the (...) initiation of asymmetry is considered and the divergent mechanisms underlying the uncoupled LR patterning in different organs are discussed. On the basis of cases in which different organ LR patterning is determined in an uncoupled way via an independent mechanism or at a different time, we propose that there are other critical factors in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal to regulate heart LR asymmetry patterning during early LR patterning.Also watch the Video Abstract. (shrink)

Through this paper, we convey a comparative analysis of how Google Inc. and the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) discursively construct and contest Android, a dominant mobile operating system. Methodologically, we use political discourse theory to engage in the textual analysis; identify and compare key signifiers and nodal points across the exemplary texts from the two actors, and interpret their meaning vis à vis contextual insights about the political economy of Android’s production. Albeit being marketed as ‘the first truly (...) open platform’ for mobiles, through our analysis we find Google’s definition of open source practices strictly conditional. We argue that Google’s usage of compatibility rhetorically as well as techno-legally justifies the conglomerate’s control over the platform. By contrast, the discursive moment by free software activists, through a campaign ‘Free Your Android’ deconstructs the discourse on open source and attempts to politicize the access to code in the mobile domain. This is done by extending from the well-known developer’s four freedoms onto users’ privacy, due to personal character of mobile devices. Such articulation of free software in relation to privacy of user data is a new development and arguably has a potential to contribute to widening support to the movement. (shrink)

Level statistics and nodal point distribution in a rectangular semiconductor quantum dot are studied for different degrees of spin-orbit coupling. The chaotic features occurring from the spin-orbit coupling have no classical counterpart. Using experimental values for GaSb/InAs/GaSb semiconductor quantum wells we find that level repulsion can lead to the semi-Poisson distribution for nearest level separations. Nodal lines and nodal points are also investigated. Comparison is made with nodal point distributions for fully chaotic states.

This special half-issue is inspired by a passage by Indian writer, educator, and utopian experimenter Rabindranath Tagore in his The Religion of Man, which Tagore first delivered in 1930 as the Hibbert Lectures at the University of Oxford:Man, in his mission to create himself, tries to develop in his mind an image of his truth according to an idea which he believes to be universal, and is sure that any expression given to it will persist through all time... This ideal (...) life dwells in the prospective memory of the future.The set of four articles in this issue is particularly focused on transcultural utopian imagination with nodal point in South Asia, with the transnational space of Bengal (spanning the... (shrink)

This paper attempts to establish a systems-semiotic framework explaining creativity in the design process, where the design process is considered to have as its basis the cognitive process. The design process is considered as the interaction between two or more cognitive systems resulting in a purposeful and ongoing transformation of their already complex representational structures and the production of newer ones, in order to fulfill an ill-defined goal. Creativity is considered as the result of an emergence of organizational complexity in (...) each cognitive system participating in the design process, while it is trying to purposefully incorporate new constraints in its meaning structures. The meanings generated in each system are identified as the contingent and anticipatory content of its representations, and where self-organization is the dominant process in which they are continuously involved. Furthermore, Peircean semiotic processes appear to provide the functionality needed by the emergent representational structures in order to complete the cycle of a creative design process. Creativity originates in the abductive stage of the semiotic process, the fallible nature of which is maintained in the proposed framework by the fact that the respective emergent representations can be misfits. The nodal points of the framework are identified and analyzed showing that a cognitive system needs the whole interactive anticipatory cycle in order to engage in a creative design process. (shrink)

This article makes the case that a more capacious understanding of the philosophy of naturalistic monism can place in a new light some of the chief intellectual, cultural, religious and political questions and conflicts in the period between the 1840s and 1940s, making this in many ways a “monist century.” It approaches this task from two directions. First, the article argues that monism represented a peculiar type of socially embodied knowledge that is little understood and yet which illuminates one of (...) the important ways in which religion, science, and philosophy coalesced in social and political movements in this period. It approaches this task through an analysis of two key terms in Ernst Haeckel’s epoch-making book "The Riddle of the Universe" (1899). Haeckel invoked the term “world riddles” to identify those points of conflict between dualistic and monist philosophical systems and to claim that the latter had solved this riddles through science. By contrast, this article identifies in the riddles the nodal points upon which the entire monist edifice was erected. Turning to the social embodiment of monism, I argue that rather than approaching monism as philosophy, religion, scientific paradigm or ideology, it is best understood as a novel formation of knowledge captured in the second key term “worldview.” Indeed, in many ways the German concept of Weltanschauung developed in tandem with and through the history of monism, so that monism offers a particularly rich avenue for exploring what made the monist century also an age of worldviews. (shrink)

This essay enacts a philosophy of science education inspired by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's figurations of rhizomatic and nomadic thought. It imagines rhizomes shaking the tree of modern Western science and science education by destabilising arborescent conceptions of knowledge as hierarchically articulated branches of a central stem or trunk rooted in firm foundations, and explores how becoming nomadic might liberate science educators from the sedentary judgmental positions that serve as the nodal points of Western academic science education theorising. (...) This is demonstrated by commencing two rhizomatic textual assemblages that generate questions, provocations and challenges to dominant discourses and assumptions of contemporary science education. The first of these addresses cultural representations of Sir Isaac Newton and the second makes multiple, hybrid connections among the parasites, mosquitoes, humans, technologies and socio‐technical relations signified by malaria. (shrink)

This essay enacts a philosophy of science education inspired by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's figurations of rhizomatic and nomadic thought. It imagines rhizomes shaking the tree of modern Western science and science education by destabilising arborescent conceptions of knowledge as hierarchically articulated branches of a central stem or trunk rooted in firm foundations, and explores how becoming nomadic might liberate science educators from the sedentary judgmental positions that serve as the nodal points of Western academic science education theorising. (...) This is demonstrated by commencing two rhizomatic textual assemblages that generate questions, provocations and challenges to dominant discourses and assumptions of contemporary science education. The first of these addresses cultural representations of Sir Isaac Newton and the second makes multiple, hybrid connections among the parasites, mosquitoes, humans, technologies and socio‐technical relations signified by malaria. (shrink)

RESUMEN El tema principal de este trabajo es la posición que suele atribuirse a Antístenes de que es imposible contradecir o decir falsedades y su vinculación con el problema metafísico central del Sofista, el del No Ser. La imposibilidad de contradecir es presentada como la posición opuesta a la de la sofística entendida como contradictor en Sof., 232b y ss., cuyo relativismo es asociado con la figura de Protágoras, más específicamente con su tesis de que sobre cualquier cuestión hay dos (...) argumentos opuestos entre sí. Nos proponemos argumentar a favor de la hipótesis de que esta posición que en el diálogo es atribuida a Parménides es la de Antístenes, discípulo de Sócrates y rival teórico de Platón. ABSTRACT The main subject of this article is the philosophical view often attributed to An-tisthenes that it is impossible to contradict and to speak falsely and it's link to the Sophist's nodal metaphysical problem, that ofNot Being. The impossibility of contradiction is presented as the opposite position to sophistry as contradiction, thus defined in So/, 232b ff., which is attributed to Protagoras, specifically to his statement that about any subject there are two opposite lógoi. We will argue that this position that is attributed to Parmenides in this dialogue belongs to Antisthenes, who was Socrates' disciple and Plato's theoretic rival. (shrink)

: This response seeks to pick up on the key questions and concerns raised by Nancy C. M. Hartsock and Karen Houle in their critiques of The Spectacle of Violence. I mold my response around two emotions that are never far from the question of violence: fear and hope. Is it fear of ambiguity that stops us from delicately blending the experiential with the discursive, the nodal with the circular, the corporeal with the epistemic, or the oppressive with the (...) constitutive? If so, we can only hope that the power of such ambivalence lies in its ability to unsettle these treasured lines of force. (shrink)

This paper presents the results of qualitative research on academic inbreeding in Czech higher education, the first of its kind. Its focus is on exploring the significance of academic inbreeding, its types, practices, and possible solutions. The research for this paper was done among academic staff at eight institutions of higher education in the Czech Republic. It was conceptually informed by ideas about different types of inbred employees (immobile, mobile, silver-corded, and adherent) and available policy tools. The results show that (...) academic inbreeding has long flown under the radar as an issue. Its impact is perceived ambivalently, as both positive and negative, by academics and experts alike. Generally, its avoidance has not been taken into account in staff recruitment, which has allowed it to become widespread among Czech higher education institutions. The policy tools for combatting academic inbreeding include nodality (open recruitment), reorganization of recruitment procedures, capacity-building (including stays abroad), and hortatory proclamations (paying attention to the issue). Overall, the evidence gathered in the course of research suggests that some progress has been made in limiting academic inbreeding at some workplaces, and that what we would call purely immobile inbred employees are giving way to mobile and “silver-corded” inbred academic staff. Finally, Czech higher education institutions register few cases of pseudo-inbreeding, combining work at the same institution where a PhD was taken with an academically relevant position in a state research institute or the Academy of Sciences. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Plot Taxonomies and IntentionalityJon AdamsEver popular among the various topics occupying non-academic conversations about literature—such as the identity of the real author of the plays attributed to "Shakespeare"—is the notion that there exists only a finite number of storylines, and that all the stories we know are only ever complications or rehearsals of these few, elementary plots. What is the status of that claim? The issue gains a renewed (...) relevance in light of literary criticism's recent interest in the possibilities of employing evolutionary psychology as a means of naturalising literary study, but interest in plot taxonomies stretches a long way back. Why might we seek to categorise plots into a finite taxonomy? And what are the implications of the claim if true?Organising literature into any classificatory scheme is an attempt to achieve something like the coherence that the natural sciences have achieved—in chemistry and physics with the composition of the periodic table, and in biology with Linnaean classification. Much of science's epistemic prestige is rooted in the enormous success with which they have organised and categorised their subject of study. In searching for mechanism and pattern, the natural sciences proceed confidently from the belief that those mechanisms and patterns exist to be discovered, and that (relatively) simple rules underlie the manifest complexity of natural phenomena.Unfortunately, the study of literary fiction has no such security. There are two senses here in which we can talk of literature being patterned. At the micro-level, we have the question of whether individual works can be thought of as internally patterned. Usually, this type of patterning is easy enough to establish and recognise, and something the author is (or ought to be) in a good position to control. But, of course, internal [End Page 102] structures are not always conspicuous, and readers faced with an overtly complex text, like Pound's Cantos, or Finnegans Wake, have no guarantee that there is sense to be made of it. Surface complexity may shield a profound and subtle architecture, or the work may be as unstructured, fragmentary, and chaotic as it initially appears. A frustrated Wayne C. Booth draws attention to the problem: "One can't be sure that Finnegans Wake is not a great novel; perhaps someday readers will discover that the complex structure they now dream of and quarrel about is a realizable structure, an experienced structure. I doubt it, but it may happen. Until then, each new intricacy discovered... reveals precisely nothing more than that: a new intricacy."1 What's missing is a conceptual centre around which overall coherence might be achieved from what had seemed to be unconnected parts. Even so, if this sort of centre cannot be found in the individual work, it may yet obtain between works. In other words, The Cantos or Finnegans Wake may yet occupy nodal roles in a larger system, within which they acquire a previously unrecognized unity and order. This type of organization is something the individual author is obviously in a much less suitable position to control. Nonetheless, mapping out this larger, macro-level order is a task that literary criticism might want to take on. There is the example Borges uses of how Kafka's work retrospectively confers a familial similarity upon previously unconnected works. The quality of being "Kafkaesque" is the only thing common to the pieces, but was not apparent (or rather—the paradox that excites Borges—did not exist) prior to Kafka's writing.2 This is the second sense in which literature might be thought of as patterned; that is, not within works, but across them. On the larger scale, is it possible that literature as a whole could be understood as patterned?The notion that literature can be understood "as a whole," and its corollary, that a literature so understood would submit to taxonomical classification, is an enduring one. Anthropologists and art historians have long acknowledged that there appear to be recurring themes, motifs, and commonalities across world cultures, and consequently, commonalities among the narratives those cultures construct and consume. Cataloguing these similarities has produced a variety of classificatory systems.In the mid-nineteenth century, German scholar Adolf... (shrink)

ABSTRACT Using the example of the Twitter feed #MeToo, this paper argues that CDS, in its task to understand more about how social media can offer ways for voices to challenge ideologies from below, needs to explore the ideas of ‘nodes’. Right wing populism in the west: Social media discourse and echo chambers. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/majid_khosravinik/publications) and ‘echo chambers’ in greater detail. Though #MeToo did provide an ideological challenge, I show how it is also discursively chaotic and partly driven by influencers who (...) may have a range of other motivations to align with the moral capital in the feed. At another level, #MeToo is highly nodal in terms of affect and moral conviction. These features can be understood in regard to nodal power of affective connectivity. Affective publics and structure of storytelling: Sentiment, events and mediality. Information, Communication and Society, 19, 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2015.1109697) and also in terms of major shifts in accepted norms of debating politics and society driven by social media. I consider what this means for CDS in relation to identifying discourses and discovering ideology in the social media landscape. (shrink)

Au cours de l'année 1996-97, l'École des Sciences philosophiques et religieuses a organisé une conférence et une journée d'études axées sur ce couple de notions qui condensent nombre de questions fondamentales de notre temps. Les profondes tribulations de notre époque semblent bien liées au déclin des références absolues et des idéologies sûres d'elles-mêmes et monolithiques. Mais au désenchantement moral et au désarroi de la pensée que redoublent les incertitudes économiques et politiques, répondent, un peu partout, une protestation et un refus (...) du fatalisme qui se traduisent sous la forme de la réflexion critique et sous la forme, plus spectaculaire sans doute, de l'action, animées d'une volonté de transcender les particularismes et l'égoïsme frileux. Un nouvel élan de générosité, de risque, d'aventure même surgit au nom d'idéaux humanitaires. Cette effervescence d'initiatives force à revenir sur le sens de ces idéaux qui, au fond, de manière explicite ou confuse, en appellent à la valeur nodale d'humanité. L'action humanitaire, autant pour ceux qui la portent sur le terrain de la détresse, du désarroi et de la souffrance que pour ceux qui la soutiennent de plus loin, comporte évidemment des enjeux politiques, juridiques, philosophiques, éthiques, économiques et culturels d'une telle ampleur qu'il faut s'accorder du temps pour la penser. Une telle exigence de pensée ne peut en l'occasion prendre réellement forme sans le débat et le dialogue. C'est d'un tel travail de fond que témoigne cet ouvrage. La notion d'humanité s'y trouve réinterrogée à partir des contradictions, des ambiguïtés et des effets paradoxaux des actions humanitaires ou des débats juridiques ou économiques qui tentent de s'en inspirer. Le théologien, le philosophe, le juriste, le médecin, l'économiste, chacun selon son propre mode de questionnement, s'essaient à cerner les difficultés de formuler les éléments essentiels du noyau de sens irréductible, dont sont porteuses ces deux idées :... (shrink)

Résumé Aux années soixante-dix, Roland Barthes désigne le Zen japonais par « L’empire des signes », alors que la culture chinoise par la « fadeur des signes ». François Jullien reprend ultérieurement l’idée de la « fadeur » au niveau de son sens « non dualiste » dans le cadre de la philosophie comparée. Depuis les courants poststructuraliste et déconstructionniste, de plus en plus de recherches sémiotiques et philosophiques portent sur l’étude bouddhique, dont le point nodal se situe alors (...) dans un parallélisme au bénéfice des échanges interculturels. En vue d’une déspécialisation du jargon propre à chaque domaine, il semble impératif de mettre en relation les concepts de base en commun. Pour mettre en évidence l’apport de l’étude terminologique et méthodologique, cet article commence par les travaux philologiques sur la « traduction » des textes bouddhiques. Ensuite, la discussion se concentre sur la « dualité » à partir de la « réception » de l’exégétique saussurienne. Il s’agit concrètement d’une étude embryonnaire sur le terme propre couple « signifiant/signifié »: l’exégétique saussurienne s’est répandue efficacement en Chine grâce aux emprunts à la terminologie bouddhique, ce qui offrirait une perspective positive vis-à-vis du dialogue interculturel. En même temps, il serait aussi possible de traduire les termes bouddhiques par le biais sémiotique en regard d’une osmose transdisciplinaire. (shrink)

Some variants in the materials related to the planetary latitudes, including computational procedures, underlying parameters, numerical tables, and so on, may be addressed in the corpus of the astronomical tables preserved from the medieval Islamic period, which have already been classified comprehensively by Van Dalen. Of these, the new values obtained for the planetary inclinations and the longitude of their ascending nodes might have something to do with actual observations in the period in question, which are the main concern of (...) this paper. The paper is in the following sections. In the first section, Ptolemy’s latitude models and their reception in Islamic astronomy are briefly reviewed. In the next section, the medieval non-Ptolemaic values for the inclinations and the longitudes of the nodal lines are introduced. The paper ends with the discussion and some concluding remarks. The derivation of the underlying inclination values from the medieval planetary latitude tables and determining the accuracy of the tables are postponed to “Appendix” in the end of the paper. (shrink)

The situated potentials for action between material things in the world and the interactional processes thereby afforded need to be seen as not only constituting the possibility of agency, but thereby also comprising it. Eo ipso, agency must be de-fused from any local, "contained" subject and be understood as a situational property in which subjects and objects can both participate. Any technological artifact should thus be understood as a complex of agential capacities that function relative to any number of social (...) and material factors. Keeping in mind that we are co-constituted by webs of relations involving increasingly complex collections of artefacts, networks, niches, and communities of practice, our investigation will be guided by interrogating the functional potential of a thing that in the last fifteen years has seamlessly worked its way into the everyday life of millions of human agents. This "thing," the smartphone, is merely a nodal point in a highly complex network. Recognizing this massive "collective," we nevertheless want to show some of the ways in which something as seemingly mundane as a smartphone can reflexively alter the range of actions available to a cognitive agent (Latour 1994). Specifically, we hope to shed light on some of the social-cognitive consequences of technological mediation by looking at the complementary, if not mutually implied, domains of memory and knowledge. (shrink)

With complex buyer-driven global production networks and a labour-intensive manufacturing process, the fashion industry has become a focal point for debates on the social responsibility of business. Utilising an interview methodology with influential actors from seven export garment manufacturers in Sri Lanka, we explore the situated knowledge at one nodal point of the production network. We conceptualise factory management perspectives on the implementation of corporate social responsibility in terms of the strategic balancing of ethical considerations against the commercial pressures (...) of cost and lead time. Factory managers framed CSR in terms of compliance, rather than going above and beyond regulatory requirements; seeing it as a strategic competitive imperative and less a developmental mechanism. Sri Lankan manufacturers maintain that they have benefitted from a unique combination of factors, including strict national labour laws, an educated workforce, the characteristics of the garments produced, industrial upgrading, and long-term non-adversarial buyer–supplier relationships, which they argue has supported the establishment and maintenance of CSR practices. The paper thus provides managerial implications that relate CSR activities to CSR outcomes which include both reputational and production benefits. Such insights will be of strategic relevance for lead retail buyers as well as apparel producers keen to invest in CSR to partly mitigate against increasing price-based competition. (shrink)

La sociología presenta hoy un panorama de superación de las antiguas "parejas epistemológicas" cuantitativo/cualitativo. En este contexto la lectura y comprensión del texto sociológico se transforma en un punto nodal para la práctica sociológica. Con lo anterior se relacionan, al menos, dos práctica..

Root kit -- Buffer overflow: the space and time of cyberwar -- Injection attack: writing and the information catastrophe -- Distributed denial of service: cybernetic sovereignty -- Spear phishing: nodal subjects -- Firmware vulnerabilities.

Présentation des articles qui suivent sur la réception européenne de la psychologie de William James. Comment la contribution de ce « philosophe américain » à l’édification conceptuelle de la « psychologie » a-t‑elle été reçue, traduite et discutée en son temps dans les espaces universitaires européens non anglophones : italophone, francophone et germanophone? Quelles définitions de la psychologie impliquaient les appropriations conceptuelles de différentes disciplines (médecine, sciences, lettres)? Pourquoi James s’est-il peu à peu imposé commune figure nodale de ce nouveau (...) savoir? (shrink)

El presente capítulo se propone, en primer lugar, elucidar algunos aspectos de la dimensión política de distintos textos nodales de la obra de Hans-Georg Gadamer, como Plato und die Dichter [1934], Platos Staat der Erziehung [1942], y el más tardío Idee des Guten zwischen Plato und Aristoteles [1978]. Para ello, se realizará una revisión crítica de una de las lecturas contemporáneas de estos aspectos, aquella realizada por Dennis Schmidt. En las conclusiones, tras analizar la relación entre phrónesis, areté y andreía (...) en los diálogos platónicos, intentaré demostrar cómo estas nociones alumbran la cuestión de la seducción del poder (descuidada por Schmidt en su lectura del Platón gadameriano), así como la inseparabilidad de este problema con respecto a la concepción dialéctica de la utopía. A partir de esto último se sugerirá que es posible, desde y más allá de la lectura gadameriana de Platón, repensar la idea de desobediencia civil y el valor político del mito desde el punto de vista de la utopía. (shrink)

In the past few years it has become apparent that the anterior/posterior (A/P) and dorsal/ventral (D/V) compartmant boundaries serve as the source of longrange signals that organize the A/P and D/V axes of the Drosophila wing. Recent work suggests that the vestigial gene may function as a nodal point through which the growth‐controlling activity of these two patterning systems is integrated(1).

We consider the Bohmian trajectories in a 2-d quantum harmonic oscillator with non commensurable frequencies whose wavefunction is of the form Ψ=aΨm1,n1+bΨm2,n2+cΨm3,n3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Psi =a\Psi _{m_1,n_1}+b\Psi _{m_2,n_2}+c\Psi _{m_3,n_3}$$\end{document}. We first find the trajectories of the nodal points for different combinations of the quantum numbers m, n. Then we study, in detail, a case with relatively large quantum numbers and two equal m′s\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m's$$\end{document}. We find (...) fixed nodes independent of time and moving nodes which from time to time collide with the fixed nodes and at particular times they go to infinity. Finally, we study the trajectories of quantum particles close to the nodal points and observe, for the first time, how chaos is generated in a complex system with multiple nodes scattered on the configuration space. (shrink)

On peut comprendre l'idée hégélienne d'un esprit objectif comme celle d'une conception sociologique du langage et de l'esprit. Elle consiste à fonder le fait de la vie mentale sur la participation à des pratiques communes gouvernées par des règles sociales et par des institutions. Taylor, lorsqu'il montre comment la communication suppose des significations communes, propose une philosophie de l'esprit objectif. Une telle philosophie semble incompatible avec une autre idée défendue par Taylor: la définition herméneutique de l'homme comme l'animal qui s'interprète (...) lui-même. Dans sa réponse, Taylor souligne la différence entre une simple convergence dans le comportement des individus et une action effectivement commune. Il admet qu'on ne saurait confondre, par exemple, le fait de « devenir un ermite » et celui de « s'interpréter soi-même comme si l'on était un ermite ». Néanmoins, il maintient qu'on doit pouvoir parler d'une capacité humaine à se comprendre soi-même dans des termes correspondant aux possibilités fondamentales d'une existence humaine. The Hegelian idea of there being an objective spirit can be construed as a social theory of language and mind. According to this theory, to have a mental life requires participating into common practices governed by social rules and institutions. Taylor holds such a view when he points out that there would be no communication whitout common meanings (i.e. without an « objective spirit »). However, this social conception of mind seems to conflict with another of Taylor's views: the hermeneutic definition of men as « self-interpreting animals ». In his reply, Taylor stresses the difference between a mere convergence in behaviour and the commonality of common action. He agrees that one should not reduce e.g. « becoming a hermit » to « interpreting oneself as a hermit ». There is, however, such a thing as defining oneself or understanding oneself in terms of human nodal potentialities. (shrink)

IntroductionTranscranial direct current stimulation is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that applied to modulate brain activity and enhance motor recovery. However, the neurobiological substrates underlying the effects of tDCS on brain function remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the central mechanisms of tDCS on improving the athletic performance of male rowing athletes.MethodsTwelve right-handed male professional rowing athletes received tDCS over the left primary motor cortex while undergoing regular training. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired before (...) and after tDCS. Measures of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and regional homogeneity were calculated and compared between baseline and follow-up, as well as topological measures including global and local efficiency of functional brain networks constructed by graph theoretical analysis.ResultsMale rowing athletes showed increased isokinetic muscle strength of the left knee and left shoulder after tDCS. Increased ALFF values were found in the right precentral gyrus of male rowing athletes after tDCS when compared with those before tDCS. In addition, male rowing athletes showed increased ReHo values in the left paracentral lobule following tDCS. Moreover, increased nodal global efficiency was identified in the left inferior frontal gyrus of male rowing athletes after tDCS.ConclusionThe findings suggested that simultaneous tDCS-induced excitation over the primary motor cortex might potentially improve the overall athletic performance in male rowing athletes through the right precentral gyrus and left paracentral lobule, as well as left inferior frontal gyrus. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de los modos en los que la política y la economía se articulan en la cosmovisión aristotélica. Para ello trabajaremos dos ejes temáticos. En primer lugar, la relación entre oíkos y polis y, en segundo lugar, la relación entre economía y los regímenes políticos. uno de los aspectos nodales del trabajo gira en torno a mostrar nuestras diferencias con respecto a la hermenéutica de Arendt y, en tal sentido, el artículo hace énfasis (...) en la importancia que también tiene para Aristóteles la dimensión económica para pensar la política, cuestión más que clara en el régimen que el Estagirita considera el mejor posible: la politeia. The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which politics and economy are articulated in the Aristotelian view. To achieve this end, two thematic axes are developed. First, the relationship between oikos and polis and, secondly, the relationship between economy and political regimes. One of the central features of this work is to show our differences with Arendt's hermeneutic. Thus, our paper emphasizes the importance of the economic dimension within Aristotle's political thought, even for thinking politics itself -an aspect that becomes clear in the constitution that Aristotle considered the best possible: the politeia. (shrink)

O presente texto tem por objetivo expor a tematização de J. Chasin acerca da natureza da política em Karl Marx. Segundo Chasin, a crítica marxiana à política tem caráter ontológico, permitindo conhecer o significado maior do ideário marxiano: a distinção necessária entre revolução política e emancipação humana. Tema de fundo que permeia diretamente os propósitos marxianos de revolver e transformar a anatomia da sociedade civil na direção da emancipação humana. Em outras palavras, segundo Chasin, a problemática nodal do pensamento (...) marxiano é a emancipação humana, tema, ele mesmo, decorrente imediato da própria determinação marxiana da individualidade humana: ser ativo e social, autoconstrutor de si e de sua mundaneidade, ainda que de modo contraditório e estranhado. Chasin determina, desse modo, que é na condição de raiz que a crítica ontológica à política se põe e é trabalhada por Marx, de sorte que a não compreensão do sentido real da crítica ao complexo categorial da politicidade – o poder, a política e o estado - reduz, quando não obstaculiza, o real acesso ao texto marxiano. (shrink)

Los recientes movimientos y partidos igualitarios en Europa (SYRIZA, PODEMOS, Front de Gauche, etc.), por no mencionar el fenómeno Corbyn en el Reino Unido, han puesto radicalmente en duda la asociación materializada entre el populismo y la extrema derecha en el contexto europeo. SYRIZA ha sido el primero de estos partidos en mostrar esta tendencia y asumir el poder. En este trabajo, el caso griego se utiliza para ilustrar las premisas teóricas básicas, las orientaciones metodológicas, las innovaciones conceptuales y las (...) percepciones analíticas de un enfoque discursivo de la investigación sobre el populismo. Así, se hace especial hincapié (1) en la arquitectura del discurso de SYRIZA; (2) en el papel de la crisis en su articulación; (3) en los juegos lingüísticos polarizados que influyen en su trayectoria. En consecuencia, exploramos (1) si “el pueblo” funciona como el principal punto nodal en el discurso de SYRIZA dentro de una representación antagónica del espacio político; (2) hasta qué punto la crisis —como dislocación sistémica— desencadena y, simultáneamente —como construcción performativa— es producida por el discurso populista; (3) si tal construcción tiene lugar dentro de una cultura política polarizada marcada por la frontera mutuamente establecida entre discursos populistas y antipopulistas. Nuestro análisis abarca tanto el desempeño de SYRIZA en la oposición como su trayectoria en el poder. (shrink)

This essay begins with the impossibility of thinking back, or at least of conscious memory, and the need to fix on a fragment, before unconscious memory may emerge as inscription. I then follow the intuition of a link, contained in the cover image of Malcolm Bowie's book Freud, Proust, Lacan: Theory as Fiction, between fictions which theorize and the apparition of the feminine as a haunting incompleteness. It is suggested that such apparitions may be read — like the image in (...) Plato's chora, as read by Pierre Fédida — as a surviving trace, hovering phantom-like between reminiscence and existence. As such, the image might be seen not only as the impensé of theory, producing in texts auratic moments which condense signifiers of present encounter and lost memory trace, but furthermore as the unthinkable feminine negative of masculine pursuit, returning us quite simply to a nodal point of silent gazing. (shrink)

The Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) family of secreted proteins regulates a variety of key events in normal development and physiology. In mammals, this family, represented by 33 ligands, including TGF‐β, activins, nodal, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), regulate biological processes as diverse as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, homeostasis, immune response, wound repair, and endocrine functions. In Drosophila, only 7 members of this family are present, with 4 TGF‐β/BMP and 3 TGF‐β/activin ligands. Studies (...) in the fly have illustrated the role of TGF‐β/BMP ligands during embryogenesis and organ patterning, while the TGF‐β/activin ligands have been implicated in the control of wing growth and neuronal functions. In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of Drosophila TGF‐β/activins in inter‐organ communication via long‐distance regulation, especially in systemic lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, and discuss findings relevant to metabolic diseases in humans. -/- . (shrink)

Este trabajo de revisión tiene como objetivo tanto identificar los puntos nodales que estructuran las diversas propuestas ecofeministas alrededor de una ética como poner en discusión las tensiones internas que de ahí resultan. Esta revisión documental busca, ante todo, insistir en la importancia de conformar una ética que desarticule los esquemas binarios y conduzca a una mirada antiantropocéntrica, antiandrocéntrica, descentrada e interdisciplinar, como parte de un reto por reconceptualizar los tradicionales andamiajes éticos. Se trata en últimas de reconocer la historicidad (...) y la interdependencia de _La comunidad de la vida_, en una ética para y por el nosotros. Palabras clave: ecofeminismo, ecología, ética, feminismo, medio ambiente. (shrink)

The aim of our study is to highlight the obvious similarities that exist between the organizational structures of the biological world, particularly in terms of the number and distribution of the petals on flower and the geometric configurations used by the great masters of European painting, both in the East but also in the West, in order to elaborate the compositional framework of paintings and icons. Taking into consideration the symbolic connotations concerning the field of biology, we chose as a (...) case study the Russian icon from the 14th century entitled “The Triumphal Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem”, exhibited and venerated across the orthodox world on Palm Sunday. Starting with the circle of the aureole of Jesus, we have marked the harmonic series of concentric circles that are distributed across the nodal points of some regular polygons with seven and nine sides, which make reference to the ergonomic formulas of distribution of the petals on a flower and highlight the fact that the beauty of the natural world was and still is the main source of inspiration in the world of arts. (shrink)

En este trabajo presentamos un registro de la historia de vida de Mónica Medina, integrante de la comunidad weenhayek Quebracho, ubicada a 5 kilómetros de Tartagal, provincia de Salta. En esa memoria sobre sus ancestros desde tres generaciones previas hasta el presente, Mónica relata los recuerdos sobre el modo en que su familia vivió la Guerra del Paraguay que les obligó a desplazarse; las epidemias; el proceso de trashumancia y las distintas expulsiones a que se vieron sometidos; los modos en (...) que se fue transformando la vida a medida que se acercaban a los centros urbanos; la aproximación a la política partidaria y la formación de dirigentes; el proceso de conformación de demandas de reconocimiento de identidad étnica y las expectativas de futuro. Partimos de entender que este relato de vida, si bien es individual, se inscribe en la memoria colectiva de su familia, su comunidad y su pueblo, por cuanto resulta de experimentar, desde su trayectoria, ciertos recuerdos comunes. Este registro adquiere aquí un doble sentido epistémico: por un lado, permite conocer datos nodales sobre las trayectorias y las demandas actuales del Pueblo Weenhayek en torno a sus derechos a la identidad en Argentina, y particularmente sobre la disputa que libra por el reconocimiento estatal y social de su carácter de pueblo preexistente; pero a la vez, nos introduce en el trabajo de memoria que es central en el proceso de etnicidad que protagonizan estas comunidades weenhayek en su demanda y ejercicio de derechos actuales. (shrink)

Despite a proliferation of research on Islam and Muslims in the media, very little work has focused on Muslim women, a much-debated social group that merits special consideration. This article aims to investigate how Muslim women are represented in BBC News website texts using a purpose-built corpus. The research employs analytical tools from the discourse-historical, socio-cognitive, and sociosemantic approaches to critical discourse studies. These are combined with corpus-based methodologies to investigate the semantic macrostructures that tend to be associated with Muslim (...) women and the discursive strategies employed in the representation of the hijab. The study is novel in its exhaustive approach to identifying salient and underreported issues related to Muslim women in news discourse. It also introduces a more integrated analysis that combines manual and automated techniques and tackles the quantification of qualitative results where possible. Findings suggest that Muslim women’s representations are largely restricted in terms of regional coverage. Semantic macrostructures related to conflict and crime are prevalent. The hijab remains a nodal discourse surrounding Muslim women whose function as a descriptive feature is often unclear, raising serious questions about its relevance. A number of recommendations are made for journalists to become cognizant of their own context models when reporting on Muslim women. (shrink)

Ubuntu/Unhu societies were characterised by the thrust on freedom for responsibility where the elders were the bearers of authority which was conducive for the development of the freedom. The authority of the elders had a bearing on the freedom of the non-elderly people. Authority and freedom are connected by responsibility. Without responsibility as the nodal point between authority and freedom, authority lapses into power and freedom lapses into licence. This study sought to find out how elders in Ubuntu/Unhu societies (...) socialised the youngsters to become responsible citizens. In exploring the thrust and procedures of civic education in Ubuntu/Unhu societies, a study of ten elderly informants of ages between sixty-five and ninety-five were purposively selected from a district in Zimbabwe. The research findings are that the advent of colonialism has begotten misconstruction of the nature of freedom in Ubuntu/Unhus societies. The thrust has of late been on negative freedom which is freedom ‘from’ social vices. Many of these social vices are attributable to cultural invasion by the Euroethnocentric tendencies of the colonialists and the effects of global citizenry. Ubuntu/Unh societies were essentially focusing on the philosophy of freedom for responsibility in their pedagogy and andragogy. The contemporary institutions could get some insights from Ubuntu socialization strategies on how to develop responsibility in children and youths in this era of modernity. (shrink)