Results for 'Alexandre Erler'

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  1.  5
    Human Brain Organoid Transplantation: Testing the Foundations of Animal Research Ethics.Alexandre Erler - 2024 - Neuroethics 17 (2):1-14.
    Alongside in vitro studies, researchers are increasingly exploring the transplantation of human brain organoids (HBOs) into non-human animals to study brain development, disease, and repair. This paper focuses on ethical issues raised by such transplantation studies. In particular, it investigates the possibility that they might yield enhanced brain function in recipient animals (especially non-human primates), thereby fundamentally altering their moral status. I assess the critique, raised by major voices in the bioethics and science communities, according to which such concerns are (...)
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  2. Does Memory Modification Threaten Our Authenticity?Alexandre Erler - 2010 - Neuroethics 4 (3):235-249.
    One objection to enhancement technologies is that they might lead us to live inauthentic lives. Memory modification technologies (MMTs) raise this worry in a particularly acute manner. In this paper I describe four scenarios where the use of MMTs might be said to lead to an inauthentic life. I then undertake to justify that judgment. I review the main existing accounts of authenticity, and present my own version of what I call a “true self” account (intended as a complement, rather (...)
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  3. Publish with AUTOGEN or Perish? Some Pitfalls to Avoid in the Pursuit of Academic Enhancement via Personalized Large Language Models.Alexandre Erler - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (10):94-96.
    The potential of using personalized Large Language Models (LLMs) or “generative AI” (GenAI) to enhance productivity in academic research, as highlighted by Porsdam Mann and colleagues (Porsdam Mann...
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  4.  72
    Discussions of DBS in Neuroethics: Can We Deflate the Bubble Without Deflating Ethics?Alexandre Erler - 2021 - Neuroethics 14 (1):75-81.
    Gilbert and colleagues are to be commended for drawing our attention to the need for a sounder empirical basis, and for more careful reasoning, in the context of the neuroethics debate on Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and its potential impact on the dimensions of personality, identity, agency, authenticity, autonomy and self (PIAAAS). While acknowledging this, this extended commentary critically examines their claim that the real-world relevance of the conclusions drawn in the neuroethics literature is threatened by the fact that the (...)
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  5. Mental Disorder and the Concept of Authenticity.Alexandre Erler & Tony Hope - 2014 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 21 (3):219-232.
    Authenticity has recently emerged as an important issue in discussions of mental disorder. We show, on the basis of personal accounts and empirical studies, that many people with psychological disorders are preoccupied with questions of authenticity. Most of the data considered in this paper are from studies of people with bipolar disorder and anorexia nervosa. We distinguish the various ways in which these people view the relationship between the disorder and their sense of their authentic self. We discuss the principal (...)
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  6. Optogenetic Memory Modification and the Many Facets of Authenticity.Alexandre Erler - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 12 (1):40-42.
    Open Peer Commentary on P. Zawadzki and A. K. Adamczyk's target article in AJOB Neuroscience on the potential of optogenetics for memory modification. I argue for a radically pluralistic understanding of the notion of authenticity, and highlight the need to further clarify the specific nature of the authors' concern about authenticity, as well as its policy implications.
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  7.  57
    The limits of the treatment‐enhancement distinction as a guide to public policy.Alexandre Erler - 2017 - Bioethics 31 (8):608-615.
    Many believe that the treatment-enhancement distinction marks an important ethical boundary that we should use to shape public policy on biomedical interventions. A common justification for this purported normative force appeals to the idea that, whereas treatments respond to genuine medical needs, enhancements can only satisfy mere preferences or “expensive tastes”. This article offers a critique of that justification, while still accepting the TED as a conceptual tool, as well as some of the key ethical axioms endorsed by its proponents. (...)
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  8. Neuroenhancement, Coercion, and Neo-Luddism.Alexandre Erler - 2020 - In Nicole A. Vincent, Thomas Nadelhoffer & Allan McCay (eds.), Neurointerventions and the Law: Regulating Human Mental Capacity. Oxford University Press, Usa. pp. 375-405.
    This chapter addresses the claim that, as new types of neurointervention get developed allowing us to enhance various aspects of our mental functioning, we should work to prevent the use of such interventions from ever becoming the “new normal,” that is, a practice expected—even if not directly required—by employers. The author’s response to that claim is that, unlike compulsion or most cases of direct coercion, indirect coercion to use such neurointerventions is, per se, no more problematic than the pressure people (...)
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  9.  80
    AI Successors Worth Creating? Commentary on Lavazza & Vilaça.Alexandre Erler - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (1):1-5.
    This is a commentary on Andrea Lavazza and Murilo Vilaça's article "Human Extinction and AI: What We Can Learn from the Ultimate Threat" (Lavazza & Vilaça, 2024). I discuss the potential concern that their proposal to create artificial successors to "insure" against the tragedy of human extinction might mean being too quick to accept that catastrophic prospect as inevitable, rather than single-mindedly focusing on avoiding it. I also consider the question of the value that we might reasonably assign to such (...)
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  10. AI as IA: The use and abuse of artificial intelligence (AI) for human enhancement through intellectual augmentation (IA).Alexandre Erler & Vincent C. Müller - 2023 - In Fabrice Jotterand & Marcello Ienca (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement. Routledge. pp. 187-199.
    This paper offers an overview of the prospects and ethics of using AI to achieve human enhancement, and more broadly what we call intellectual augmentation (IA). After explaining the central notions of human enhancement, IA, and AI, we discuss the state of the art in terms of the main technologies for IA, with or without brain-computer interfaces. Given this picture, we discuss potential ethical problems, namely inadequate performance, safety, coercion and manipulation, privacy, cognitive liberty, authenticity, and fairness in more detail. (...)
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  11.  26
    “Natural” Athletic Performance or a Level Playing Field? You Can't Have Both.Alexandre Erler - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (6):30-31.
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  12. The ethics of biomedical military research: Therapy, prevention, enhancement, and risk.Alexandre Erler & Vincent C. Müller - 2021 - In Daniel Messelken & David Winkler (eds.), Health Care in Contexts of Risk, Uncertainty, and Hybridity. Springer. pp. 235-252.
    What proper role should considerations of risk, particularly to research subjects, play when it comes to conducting research on human enhancement in the military context? We introduce the currently visible military enhancement techniques (1) and the standard discussion of risk for these (2), in particular what we refer to as the ‘Assumption’, which states that the demands for risk-avoidance are higher for enhancement than for therapy. We challenge the Assumption through the introduction of three categories of enhancements (3): therapeutic, preventive, (...)
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  13.  76
    One Man's Authenticity is Another Man's Betrayal: A Reply to Levy.Alexandre Erler - 2012 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 29 (3):257-265.
    This article responds to Neil Levy's recent suggestion that: (1) the use of pharmaceutical enhancers can be understood as promoting our authenticity, no matter which of the two main contemporary conceptions of authenticity we adopt; and that (2) we do not need to decide between these two rival models (the ‘self-discovery’ and the ‘self-creation’ conception) in order to assess the common worry that enhancements will undermine our authenticity. Levy's core argument is based on a comparison between cases of people with (...)
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  14. Neuroenhancement.Alexandre Erler & Cynthia Forlini - 2020 - Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online.
    Entry on "Neuroenhancement" in the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online.
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  15.  64
    Commentary on “Pandemic Ethics: Five Lessons”.Alexandre Erler - 2023 - In Hon-Lam Li (ed.), Lanson Lectures in Bioethics (2016–2022): Assisted Suicide, Responsibility, and Pandemic Ethics. Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 201-208.
    This commentary further explores some of the ethical issues raised by Prof. Peter Singer in his Lanson Lecture “Pandemic Ethics: Five Lessons”. In the first part, I distinguish a prioritarian approach to the allocation of scarce medical resources, from the utilitarian one advocated by Singer. I suggest that the prioritarian view better matches common intuitions about fair distribution, even though it likely needs to be balanced with other principles if it is to have plausibility in contexts like vaccine allocation. In (...)
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  16. Authenticity.Alexandre Erler - 2014 - In Bruce Jennings (ed.), Bioethics (4th edition). Farmington Hills, MI, USA:
    Entry on "Authenticity" for the fourth edition of the Encyclopedia of Bioethics, edited by Bruce Jennings. Discusses the concept in the context of end-of-life decision-making, human enhancement, and the treatment of mental disorder.
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  17.  21
    Using Stimulants to Tackle Social Disadvantages: Interesting in Theory, Problematic in Practice.Alexandre Erler - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (6):48-50.
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  18.  29
    Self-Discovery or Self-Creation: The Dilemma Cannot Be Avoided.Alexandre Erler & Tony Hope - 2014 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 21 (3):241-242.
    This article briefly replies to commentaries by Ilina Singh and Peter Lucas on our original piece titled "Mental Disorder and the Concept of Authenticity". In response to Lucas, we argue that those who face questions of authenticity in the context of mental disorder cannot avoid the dilemma between the "self-discovery" and "self-creation" approaches. In response to Singh, we suggest some ways in which the concept of authenticity might be of relevance to clinicians.
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  19. Dickie’s Institutional Theory And The “Openness” Of The Concept Of Art.Alexandre Erler - 2006 - Postgraduate Journal of Aesthetics 3 (3):110-117.
    In this paper, I will look at the relationship between Weitz’s claim that art is an “open” concept and Dickie’s institutional theory of art, in its most recent form. Dickie’s theory has been extensively discussed, and often criticized, in the literature on aesthetics, yet it has rarely been observed – to my knowledge at least – that the fact that his theory actually incorporates, at least to some extent, Weitz’s claim about the “openness” of the concept of art, precisely accounts (...)
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  20.  10
    Intending Versus Merely Foreseeing Harm: When Does It Make a Difference?Alexandre Erler - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 9 (3):164-166.
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  21. Neuro-Doping and the Value of Effort in Endurance Sports.Alexandre Erler - 2020 - Neuroethics (Suppl 2):1-13.
    The enhancement of athletic performance using procedures that increase physical ability, such as anabolic steroids, is a familiar phenomenon. Yet recent years have also witnessed the rise of direct interventions into the brain, referred to as “neuro-doping”, that promise to also enhance sports performance. This paper discusses one potential objection to neuro-doping, based on the contribution to athletic achievement, particularly within endurance sports, of effortfully overcoming inner challenges. After introducing the practice of neuro-doping, and the controversies surrounding it, I describe (...)
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  22. L'authenticité.Alexandre Erler - 2018 - In Julien A. Deonna & Emma Tieffenbach (eds.), Petit Traité des Valeurs. [Genève, Switzerland]: Edition d’Ithaque. pp. 40-49.
  23.  54
    Mapping the Ethical Issues of Brain Organoid Research and Application.Tsutomu Sawai, Yoshiyuki Hayashi, Takuya Niikawa, Joshua Shepherd, Elizabeth Thomas, Tsung-Ling Lee, Alexandre Erler, Momoko Watanabe & Hideya Sakaguchi - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 13 (2):81-94.
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  24.  35
    ADHD and stimulant drug treatment: what can the children teach us?Alexandre Erler - 2013 - Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (6):357-358.
    The treatment of children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with stimulant drugs has been a subject of controversy for many years, both within and outside bioethics, and the controversy is still very much alive. In her feature article , Ilina Singh, a major contributor to that debate in recent years, brings fresh empirical evidence to bear on it. She uses new data to deal with two key ethical concerns that have been raised about the practice. First, does medicating children with (...)
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  25.  79
    Authenticity and the ethics of self-change.Alexandre Erler - unknown
    This dissertation focuses on the concept of authenticity and its implications for our projects of self-creation, particularly those involving the use of "enhancement technologies". After an introduction to the concept of authenticity and the enhancement debate in the first part of the thesis, part 2 considers the main analyses of authenticity in the contemporary philosophical literature. It begins with those emphasizing _self-creation_, and shows that, despite their merits, such views cannot adequately deal with certain types of cases, which require a (...)
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  26.  28
    Academic Performance Enhancers and the Goals of a University Education.Alexandre Erler & Vardit Ravitsky - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 6 (1):24-26.
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  27.  10
    Enriching, Rather than Revising, the Conceptual Toolbox on Germline Interventions.Alexandre Erler - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (8):25-27.
    Volume 20, Issue 8, August 2020, Page 25-27.
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  28.  9
    Future persons, future attributes and potential persons: commentary on Savulescu and colleagues.Alexandre Erler - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (9):597-598.
    Savulescu and colleagues propose a distinction between ‘future person embryo research’ and ‘non-future person embryo research’, which they hold can help decision-makers more efficiently discriminate between higher risk and lower risk embryo research.1 The authors’ proposed distinction does point to an ethically significant difference between different forms of embryo research, which they illustrate in an enlightening manner using a series of detailed case studies. In the following, I wish to comment, first, on the substance of the authors’ distinction, and second, (...)
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  29.  16
    Metaethical Moral Relativism and the Analogy with Physics.Alexandre Erler - 2008 - Praxis 1 (1).
    This paper deals with a specific version of metaethical moral relativism, known as “speaker-relativism”. It starts by explaining the position, focussing on the views of two prominent contemporary relativists, Gilbert Harman and James Dreier. Both authors draw an analogy between ethics and modern physics: just as Einstein showed that judgments about time or mass were always relative to a specific frame of reference, Dreier and Harman argue that “absolutist” judgments about moral rightness or wrongness need to be reinterpreted as relative (...)
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  30.  16
    Using a Public Health Ethics Framework to Unpick Discrimination in COVID-19 Responses.Roger Yat-Nork Chung, Alexandre Erler, Hon-Lam Li & Derrick Au - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):114-116.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 114-116.
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  31. Ethical perspectives on advances in biogerontology.Jean Woo, David Archard, Derrick Au, Sara Bergstresser, Alexandre Erler, Timothy Kwok, John Newman, Raymond Tong & Tom Walker - 2019 - Aging Medicine 2 (2):99-103.
    Worldwide populations are aging with economic development as a result of public health initiatives and advances in therapeutic discoveries. Since 1850, life expectancy has advanced by 1 year for every four. Accompanying this change is the rapid development of anti‐aging science. There are three schools of thought in the field of aging science. One perspective is the life course approach, which considers that aging is a good and natural process to be embraced as a necessary and positive aspect of life, (...)
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  32.  20
    Defusing the legal and ethical minefield of epigenetic applications in the military, defence and security context.Gratien Dalpe, Katherine Huerne, Charles Dupras, Katherine Cheung, Nicole Palmour, Eva Winkler, Karla Alex, Maxwell Mehlmann, John W. Holloway, Eline Bunnik, Harald König, Isabelle M. Mansuy, Marianne G. Rots, Cheryl Erwin, Alexandre Erler, Emanuele Libertini & Yann Joly - 2023 - Journal of Law and the Biosciences 10 (2):1-32.
    Epigenetic research has brought several important technological achievements, including identifying epigenetic clocks and signatures, and developing epigenetic editing. The potential military applications of such technologies we discuss are stratifying soldiers’ health, exposure to trauma using epigenetic testing, information about biological clocks, confirming child soldiers’ minor status using epigenetic clocks, and inducing epigenetic modifications in soldiers. These uses could become a reality. This article presents a comprehensive literature review, and analysis by interdisciplinary experts of the scientific, legal, ethical, and societal issues (...)
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  33.  3
    Response to Alexandre Erler’s Commentary.Peter Singer - 2023 - In Hon-Lam Li (ed.), Lanson Lectures in Bioethics (2016–2022): Assisted Suicide, Responsibility, and Pandemic Ethics. Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 209-211.
    I am grateful to Professor Erler for his thoughtful commentary. As I have been asked to be quite brief in my response, I will move directly to what appear to me to be the most interesting points of contention between us. There are three of them.
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  34.  33
    Atheism.Alexandre Kojève - 2018 - Columbia University Press.
    One of the twentieth century’s most brilliant and unconventional thinkers, Alexandre Kojève was a Russian émigré to France whose lectures on Hegel in the 1930s galvanized a generation of French intellectuals. Although Kojève wrote a great deal, he published very little in his lifetime, and so the ongoing rediscovery of his work continues to present new challenges to philosophy and political theory. Written in 1931 but left unfinished, Atheism is an erudite and open-ended exploration of profound questions of estrangement, (...)
  35.  13
    Etudes sur Spinoza et les philosophies de l'âge classique.Alexandre Matheron - 2011 - Lyon: ENS.
    Les travaux d'Alexandre Matheron sur Spinoza et sur la philosophie de l'âge classique représentent un des points forts de l'école française d'histoire de la philosophie. Après Individu et Communauté chez Spinoza et Le Christ et le salut des ignorants, ces études complètent la vision du spinozisme et de son contexte, de ses racines et de sa signification historique. Elles traitent de tous les domaines du rationalisme classique : métaphysique, théorie de la connaissance, analyse des passions, éthique, politique et religion. (...)
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  36. The time of law : evolution in Holmes and Bergson.Alexandre Lefebvre - 2009 - In Rosi Braidotti, Claire Colebrook & Patrick Hanafin (eds.), Deleuze and law: forensic futures. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  37.  7
    Discovering Plato.Alexandre Koyré - 1945 - New York,: Columbia University Press. Edited by Leonora Cohen Rosenfield.
  38.  14
    Bergson, Politics, and Religion.Alexandre Lefebvre & Melanie Allison White (eds.) - 2012 - Durham: Duke University Press.
    Henri Bergson is primarily known for his work on time, memory, and creativity. His equally innovative interventions into politics and religion have, however, been neglected or dismissed until now. In the first book in English dedicated to Bergson as a political thinker, leading Bergson scholars illuminate his positions on core concerns within political philosophy: the significance of emotion in moral judgment, the relationship between biology and society, and the entanglement of politics and religion. Ranging across Bergson's writings but drawing mainly (...)
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  39.  13
    Toward a Philosophy of the Web: Foundations and Open Problems.Alexandre Monnin & Harry Halpin - 2013-12-13 - In Harry Halpin & Alexandre Monnin (eds.), Philosophical Engineering. Wiley. pp. 1–20.
    The advent of the Web is one of the defining technological events of the twentieth century, yet its impact on the fundamental questions of philosophy has not yet been explored, much less systematized. The Web, as today implemented on the foundations of the Internet, is broadly construed as the space of all items of interest identified by URIs. Originally a space of linked hypertext documents, today the Web is rapidly evolving as a universal platform for data and computation. Even swifter (...)
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  40.  9
    Kant.Alexandre Kojève - 1973 - [Paris]: Gallimard.
  41. Human rights as spiritual exercises.Alexandre Lefebvre - 2020 - In Danielle Celermajer & Alexandre Lefebvre (eds.), The subject of human rights. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
     
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  42.  8
    De la méthodologie à la dialectique.Alexandre Marc - 1970 - Paris,: Presses d'Europe.
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  43.  4
    Max Scheler.Alexandre Métraux - 1973 - [Paris]: Seghers.
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  44.  8
    The Web as Ontology: Web Architecture Between Rest, Resources, and Rules.Alexandre Monnin - 2013-12-13 - In Harry Halpin & Alexandre Monnin (eds.), Philosophical Engineering. Wiley. pp. 31–51.
    This chapter contains sections titled: A Tale of Two Philosophies: URIs between Proper Names and REST; From References to Referentialization; and Toward Ontological Politics.
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  45.  7
    Études sur Blaise Pascal.Alexandre Vinet - 1847 - Lausanne [etc.]: Payot & cie. Edited by Pierre Kohler.
  46.  3
    Moralistes des seizième et dix-septième siècles.Alexandre Rodolphe Vinet - 1904 - New York: Arno Press.
    Introduction: De la morale dans la littérature.--François Rabelais.--Michel de Montaigne.--Pierre Charron.--Étienne de la Boëtie.--Jean Bodin.--Michel de l'Hôpital.--Dix-septième siècle: considérations préliminaires.--La Rochefoucauld.--La Bruyère.--Récapitulation: moralistes ascétiques, période intermédiaire.--Saint-Evremond.--Pierre Bayle.--De la spontanéité de l'esprit humain en matière de philosophie.--La volonté cherchant sa loi.
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  47.  49
    Préface à la traduction de Helmholtz : « Du rapport des sciences de la nature à l’ensemble de la science ».Alexandre Willmann Métraux - forthcoming - Philosophia Scientiae:9-18.
    Cette préface présente le contexte politique et culturel du fameux discours de Helmholtz prononcé à Heidelberg le 22 novembre 1862, où il défend une certaine idée de l’université et des relations entre les différentes disciplines qu’elle enseigne. L’idée de pluridisciplinarité, tant invoquée aujourd’hui, est au cœur de son propos, ainsi que celle d’une conciliation possible entre philosophie et sciences de la nature, mais en partant du point de vue de ces dernières.
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  48.  22
    Stanley Cavell, John Rawls and moral perfectionism in liberal democracy.Alexandre Lefebvre - forthcoming - European Journal of Political Theory.
    John Rawls was what we might call a “frenemy” to Stanley Cavell. Time and again, Cavell states his admiration for Rawls's political philosophy but criticizes it for two reasons. First, he believes that Rawls too hastily dismisses a perfectionist tradition that is essential for a flourishing liberal democracy. Second, he attacks certain aspects of Rawls's theory of justice as moralistic and legalistic. The first half of this article examines Cavell's critique of Rawls and argues that the two authors are more (...)
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  49.  6
    Introduction à la lectures de Hegel.Alexandre Kojève - 1947 - [Paris]: Gallimard. Edited by Raymond Queneau.
    Le noyau de cet ouvrage est formé par les notes prises de janvier 1933 à mai 1939 au cours que fit Alexandre Kojève à l'Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, sous le titre La philosophie religieuse de Hegel, et qui était en réalité une lecture commentée de la Phénoménologie de l'Esprit. Chaque année de cours est complétée par le résumé publié dans l'Annuaire de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes. De plus, les trois premières leçons de l'année 1937-1938 et toute l'année 1938-1939 (...)
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  50.  4
    Introduction à la lecture de Platon.Alexandre Koyré - 1945 - [New York]: Brentano's.
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