Results for 'Carel Schaik'

220 found
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  1.  18
    Martin N. Muller, Richard W. Wrangham, and David R. Pilbeam, eds. Chimpanzees and Human Evolution.Carel van Schaik - 2019 - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture 3 (1):135-138.
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  2.  54
    Explaining brain size variation: from social to cultural brain.Carel P. van Schaik, Karin Isler & Judith M. Burkart - 2012 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16 (5):277-284.
  3.  27
    The moral capacity as a biological adaptation: A commentary on Tomasello.Carel P. van Schaik & Judith M. Burkart - 2018 - Philosophical Psychology 31 (5):703-721.
    We welcome Tomasello’s new book on the natural history of human morality as an important confirmation of the evolutionary approach, which sees adaptive behaviors and their psychological underpinnings as linked to a species’ socioecology (the package of subsistence, social, mating, and rearing systems). This perspective automatically leads to the conclusion that the basic set of moral preferences is a straightforward human adaptation to the derived cooperative foraging niche of nomadic foragers, which involves a high degree of interdependence. We provide more (...)
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  4. The evolution of animal 'cultures' and social intelligence.Andrew Whiten & Van Schaik & P. Carel - 2007 - In Nathan Emery, Nicola Clayton & Chris Frith (eds.), Social Intelligence: From Brain to Culture. Oxford University Press.
  5.  64
    Flaws in evolutionary theory and interpretation.Robert O. Deaner & Carel P. van Schaik - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2):282-283.
    We make three points. First, even if Finlay et al.'s proposed developmental mechanisms hold, there remains great scope for selection on specific brain structures. Second, the positive covariance among the size of brain structures provides far less support for the proposed developmental mechanisms than Finlay et al. acknowledge. Third, even if the proposed mechanisms are the primary size determinants for most brain structures, these structures should not be considered.
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  6. Culture in primates and other animals.Carel P. Van Schaik - 2009 - In Robin Dunbar & Louise Barrett (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology. Oxford University Press.
  7. Evolution of Social Behaviour Patterns in Primates and Man.P. van Schaik Carel - 1996
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  8.  7
    Probleme aufgrund sozialer Ungleichheit: Ein Mismatch-Phänomen.Carel P. van Schaik & Judith M. Burkart - 2019 - In Gerald Hartung & Matthias Herrgen (eds.), Interdisziplinäre Anthropologie: Jahrbuch 7/2019: Soziale Ungleichheit. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. pp. 77-84.
    Vorrede | In diesem charakteristischerweise hervorragend recherchierten Beitrag erörtern Kappeler und Fichtel die Konsequenzen sozialer und einkommensbedingter Ungleichheit für die individuelle Gesundheit und die empfundene Einsamkeit aus einer evolutionären Perspektive. Das zentrale Argument der Autoren ist, dass sich die modernen Großgesellschaften, in denen fast alle Menschen heutzutage leben, grundsätzlich von den egalitären Kleingesellschaften unterscheiden, in denen wir evolviert sind und in denen wir bis vor lediglich 20.000 Jahren alle gelebt haben. Diese Zeitspanne war gemäß den meisten Schätzungen viel zu kurz, (...)
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  9. Social evolution in primates: the role of ecological factors and male behaviour.Carel P. van Schaik - 1996 - In van Schaik Carel P. (ed.), Evolution of Social Behaviour Patterns in Primates and Man. pp. 9-31.
  10.  18
    The cooperative breeding perspective helps in pinning down when uniquely human evolutionary processes are necessary—CORRIGENDUM.Judith Maria Burkart & Carel P. van Schaik - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.
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  11.  18
    The cooperative breeding perspective helps in pinning down when uniquely human evolutionary processes are necessary.Judith Maria Burkart & Carel P. van Schaik - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.
    The cultural group selection approach provides a compelling explanation for recent changes in human societies, but has trouble explaining why our ancestors, rather than any other great ape, evolved into a hyper-cooperative niche. The cooperative breeding hypothesis can plug this gap and thus complement CGS, because recent comparative evidence suggests that it promoted proactive prosociality, social transmission, and communication in Pleistocene hominins.
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  12. The zone of latent solutions and its relevance to understanding ape cultures.Claudio Tennie, Elisa Bandini, Carel P. van Schaik & Lydia M. Hopper - 2020 - Biology and Philosophy 35 (5):1-42.
    The zone of latent solutions hypothesis provides an alternative approach to explaining cultural patterns in primates and many other animals. According to the ZLS hypothesis, non-human great ape cultures consist largely or solely of latent solutions. The current competing hypothesis for ape culture argues instead that at least some of their behavioural or artefact forms are copied through specific social learning mechanisms and that their forms may depend on copying. In contrast, the ape ZLS hypothesis does not require these forms (...)
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  13.  7
    Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality between Facts and Norms.Markus Christen, Johannes Fischer, Markus Huppenbauer, Carmen Tanner & Carel van Schaik (eds.) - 2014 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    This volume provides an overview of the most recent developments in empirical investigations of morality and assesses their impact and importance for ethical thinking. It involves contributions of scholars both from philosophy, theology and empirical sciences with firm standings in their own disciplines, but an inclination to step across borders-in particular the one between the world of facts and the world of norms. Human morality is complex, and probably even messy-and this clean distinction becomes blurred whenever one looks more closely (...)
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  14.  80
    Animal innovation defined and operationalized.Grant Ramsey, Meredith L. Bastian & Carel van Schaik - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (4):393-407.
    Innovation is a key component of most definitions of culture and intelligence. Additionally, innovations may affect a species' ecology and evolution. Nonetheless, conceptual and empirical work on innovation has only recently begun. In particular, largely because the existing operational definition (first occurrence in a population) requires long-term studies of populations, there has been no systematic study of innovation in wild animals. To facilitate such study, we have produced a new definition of innovation: Innovation is the process that generates in an (...)
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  15. Evolutionary precursors of social norms in chimpanzees: a new approach.Claudia Rudolf von Rohr, Judith M. Burkart & Carel P. van Schaik - 2011 - Biology and Philosophy 26 (1):1-30.
    Moral behaviour, based on social norms, is commonly regarded as a hallmark of humans. Hitherto, humans are perceived to be the only species possessing social norms and to engage in moral behaviour. There is anecdotal evidence suggesting their presence in chimpanzees, but systematic studies are lacking. Here, we examine the evolution of human social norms and their underlying psychological mechanisms. For this, we distinguish between conventions, cultural social norms and universal social norms. We aim at exploring whether chimpanzees possess evolutionary (...)
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  16.  43
    Why Class Formation Occurs in Humans but Not among Other Primates.Sagar A. Pandit, Gauri R. Pradhan & Carel P. van Schaik - 2020 - Human Nature 31 (2):155-173.
    Most human societies exhibit a distinct class structure, with an elite, middle classes, and a bottom class, whereas animals form simple dominance hierarchies in which individuals with higher fighting ability do not appear to form coalitions to “oppress” weaker individuals. Here, we extend our model of primate coalitions and find that a division into a bottom class and an upper class is inevitable whenever fitness-enhancing resources, such as food or real estate, are exploitable or tradable and the members of the (...)
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  17.  67
    The evolution of general intelligence.Judith M. Burkart, Michèle N. Schubiger & Carel P. van Schaik - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
    The presence of general intelligence poses a major evolutionary puzzle, which has led to increased interest in its presence in nonhuman animals. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate this question and to explore the implications for current theories about the evolution of cognition. We first review domain-general and domain-specific accounts of human cognition in order to situate attempts to identify general intelligence in nonhuman animals. Recent studies are consistent with the presence of general intelligence in mammals. However, (...)
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  18.  13
    Evolutionary precursors of social norms in chimpanzees: a new approach.Claudia Rudolf von Rohr, Judith Burkart & Carel Schaik - 2011 - Biology and Philosophy 26 (1):1-30.
    Moral behaviour, based on social norms, is commonly regarded as a hallmark of humans. Hitherto, humans are perceived to be the only species possessing social norms and to engage in moral behaviour. There is anecdotal evidence suggesting their presence in chimpanzees, but systematic studies are lacking. Here, we examine the evolution of human social norms and their underlying psychological mechanisms. For this, we distinguish between conventions, cultural social norms and universal social norms. We aim at exploring whether chimpanzees possess evolutionary (...)
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  19.  68
    On the concept of animal innovation and the challenge of studying innovation in the wild.Grant Ramsey, Meredith L. Bastian & Carel van Schaik - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (4):425-432.
    The commentaries have both drawn out the implications of, and challenged, our definition and operationalization of innovation. In this response, we reply to these concerns, discuss the differences between our operationalization and the preexisting operationalization if innovation, and make suggestions for the advancement of the challenging and exciting field of animal innovation.
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  20.  46
    Chimpanzees’ Bystander Reactions to Infanticide.Claudia Rudolf von Rohr, Carel P. van Schaik, Alexandra Kissling & Judith M. Burkart - 2015 - Human Nature 26 (2):143-160.
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  21.  81
    The Conditions Favoring Between-Community Raiding in Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Human Foragers.Sagar A. Pandit, Gauri R. Pradhan, Hennadii Balashov & Carel P. Van Schaik - 2016 - Human Nature 27 (2):141-159.
  22. Exorcising Grice’s ghost: an empirical approach to studying intentional communication in animals.Simon W. Townsend, Sonja E. Koski, Richard W. Byrne, Katie E. Slocombe, Balthasar Bickel, Markus Boeckle, Ines Braga Goncalves, Judith M. Burkart, Tom Flower, Florence Gaunet, Hans Johann Https://Orcidorg909X Glock, Thibaud Gruber, David A. W. A. M. Jansen, Katja Liebal, Angelika Linke, Ádám Miklósi, Richard Moore, Carel P. van Schaik, Sabine Stoll, Alex Vail, Bridget M. Waller, Markus Wild, Klaus Zuberbühler & Marta B. Manser - 2016 - Biological Reviews 3.
    Language’s intentional nature has been highlighted as a crucial feature distinguishing it from other communication systems. Specifically, language is often thought to depend on highly structured intentional action and mutual mindreading by a communicator and recipient. Whilst similar abilities in animals can shed light on the evolution of intentionality, they remain challenging to detect unambiguously. We revisit animal intentional communication and suggest that progress in identifying analogous capacities has been complicated by (i) the assumption that intentional (that is, voluntary) production (...)
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  23.  13
    Putting the cart before the horse? The origin of information donation.Judith M. Burkart, Sandro Sehner, Rahel K. Brügger, Jessie E. C. Adriaense & Carel P. van Schaik - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e5.
    Heintz & Scott-Phillips propose that the partner choice ecology of our ancestors required Gricean cognitive pragmatics for reputation management, which caused a tendency toward showing and expecting prosociality that subsequently scaffolded language evolution. Here, we suggest a cognitively leaner explanation that is more consistent with comparative data and posits that prosociality and eventually language evolved along with cooperative breeding.
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  24.  36
    Future directions for studying the evolution of general intelligence.Judith M. Burkart, Michèle N. Schubiger & Carel P. van Schaik - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  25.  6
    Van Schaik, Carel, and Kai Michel. 2016. The Good Book of Human Nature: An Evolutionary Reading of the Bible. [REVIEW]Ellen Dissanayake - 2017 - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture 1 (1):273-276.
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  26.  35
    Seasonality in Primates: Studies of Living and Extinct Human and Non-human Primates. Edited by Diane K. Brockman & Carel P. van Schaik. Pp. 590. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.) £70.00, ISBN 0-521-1820693, hardback. [REVIEW]Hannah E. Parathian - 2007 - Journal of Biosocial Science 39 (3):477-478.
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  27.  95
    Institutional Opacity, Epistemic Vulnerability, and Institutional Testimonial Justice.Carel Havi & Ian James Kidd - 2021 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 29 (4):473-496.
    ABSTRACT This paper offers an account of institutional testimonial justice and describes one way that it breaks down, which we call institutional opacity. An institution is opaque when it becomes resistant to epistemic evaluation and understanding by its agents and users. When one cannot understand the inner workings of an institution, it becomes difficult to know how to comport oneself testimonially. We offer an account of an institutional ethos to explain what it means for an institution to be testimonially just; (...)
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  28. Epistemic Injustice in Psychiatry.Paul Crichton, Havi Carel & Ian James Kidd - 2017 - Psychiatry Bulletin 41:65-70..
    Epistemic injustice is a harm done to a person in their capacity as an epistemic subject by undermining her capacity to engage in epistemic practices such as giving knowledge to others or making sense of one’s experiences. It has been argued that those who suffer from medical conditions are more vulnerable to epistemic injustice than the healthy. This paper claims that people with mental disorders are even more vulnerable to epistemic injustice than those with somatic illnesses. Two kinds of contributory (...)
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  29. Phenomenology and Naturalism: Volume 72: Examining the Relationship between Human Experience and Nature.Havi Carel & Darian Meacham (eds.) - 2013 - Cambridge University Press.
    What is the relationship between phenomenology and naturalism? Are they mutually exclusive or is a rapprochement possible between their approaches to consciousness and the natural world? Can phenomenology be naturalised and ought it to be? Or is naturalism fundamentally unable to accommodate phenomenological insights? How can phenomenological method be used within a naturalistic research programme? This cutting-edge collection of original essays contains brilliant contributions from leading phenomenologists across the world. The collection presents a wide range of fascinating and carefully argued (...)
     
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  30.  72
    Mapping African ethical review committee activity onto capacity needs: The Marc initiative and hrweb's interactive database of recs in Africa.Carel Ijsselmuiden, Debbie Marais, Douglas Wassenaar & Boitumelo Mokgatla-Moipolai - 2012 - Developing World Bioethics 12 (2):74-86.
    Health research initiatives worldwide are growing in scope and complexity, particularly as they move into the developing world. Expanding health research activity in low- and middle-income countries has resulted in a commensurate rise in the need for sound ethical review structures and functions in the form of Research Ethics Committees (RECs). Yet these seem to be lagging behind as a result of the enormous challenges facing these countries, including poor resource availability and lack of capacity. There is thus an urgent (...)
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  31.  28
    Phenomenology of Illness.Havi Carel - 2016 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
    Havi Carel uses phenomenology to explore how illness modifies the ill person's body, values, and world. Carel argues that illness has received little philosophical attention. Phenomenology of Illness develops a phenomenological framework for illness and a systematic understanding of illness as a philosophical tool.
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  32. Expanding Transformative Experience.Havi Carel & Ian James Kidd - 2019 - European Journal of Philosophy 28 (1):199-213.
    We develop a broader, more fine-grained taxonomy of forms of ‘transformative experience’ inspired by the work of L.A. Paul. Our vulnerability to such experiences arises, we argue, due to the vulnerability, dependence, and affliction intrinsic to the human condition. We use this trio to distinguish a variety of positively, negatively, and ambivalently valenced forms of epistemically and/or personally transformative experiences. Moreover, we argue that many transformative experiences can arise gradually and cumulatively, unfolding over the course of longer periods of time.
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  33.  90
    Illness: The Cry of the Flesh.Havi Carel - 2014 - Routledge.
    What is illness? Is it a physiological dysfunction, a social label, or a way of experiencing the world? How do the physical, social and emotional worlds of a person change when they become ill? And can there be well-being within illness? In this remarkable and thought-provoking book, Havi Carel explores these questions by weaving together the personal story of her own serious illness with insights and reflections drawn from her work as a philosopher. Carel's fresh approach to illness (...)
  34.  23
    Illness: The Cry of the Flesh.Havi Carel - 2008 - Routledge.
    What is illness? Is it a physiological dysfunction, a social label, or a way of experiencing the world? How do the physical, social and emotional worlds of a person change when they become ill? And can there be well-being within illness? In this remarkable and thought-provoking book, Havi Carel explores these questions by weaving together the personal story of her own serious illness with insights and reflections drawn from her work as a philosopher. Carel shows how the concepts (...)
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  35. Epistemic injustice in healthcare encounters: evidence from chronic fatigue syndrome.Havi Carel, Charlotte Blease & Keith Geraghty - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (8):549-557.
    Chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis remains a controversial illness category. This paper surveys the state of knowledge and attitudes about this illness and proposes that epistemic concerns about the testimonial credibility of patients can be articulated using Miranda Fricker’s concept of epistemic injustice. While there is consensus within mainstream medical guidelines that there is no known cause of CFS/ME, there is continued debate about how best to conceive of CFS/ME, including disagreement about how to interpret clinical studies of treatments. (...)
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  36.  98
    Phenomenology as a Resource for Patients.H. Carel - 2012 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 37 (2):96-113.
    Patient support tools have drawn on a variety of disciplines, including psychotherapy, social psychology, and social care. One discipline that has not so far been used to support patients is philosophy. This paper proposes that a particular philosophical approach, phenomenology, could prove useful for patients, giving them tools to reflect on and expand their understanding of their illness. I present a framework for a resource that could help patients to philosophically examine their illness, its impact on their life, and its (...)
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  37. Phenomenology and its application in medicine.Havi Carel - 2010 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 32 (1):33-46.
    Phenomenology is a useful methodology for describing and ordering experience. As such, phenomenology can be specifically applied to the first person experience of illness in order to illuminate this experience and enable health care providers to enhance their understanding of it. However, this approach has been underutilized in the philosophy of medicine as well as in medical training and practice. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of phenomenology to clinical medicine. In order to describe the experience of illness, we need a (...)
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  38. Can I be ill and happy?Havi Carel - 2007 - Philosophia 35 (2):95-110.
    Can one be ill and happy? I use a phenomenological approach to provide an answer to this question, using Merleau-Ponty’s distinction between the biological and the lived body. I begin by discussing the rift between the biological body and the ill person’s lived experience, which occurs in illness. The transparent and taken for granted biological body is problematised by illness, which exposes it as different from the lived experience of this body. I argue that because of this rift, the experience (...)
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  39.  3
    Filosofia Contemporanea em Açao.Havi Carel & David Gamez (eds.) - 2008 - Artmed.
    O que queremos dizer atualmente quando falamos sobre filosofia? Como a filosofia se relaciona com a ciência, com a política e a literatura? Que métodos o filósofo moderno utiliza, e como a filosofia progride? A filosofia é diferente de um lugar para outro? O que a filosofia pode fazer por nós? E o que não pode fazer? Este livro diz o que a filosofia é e também nos mostra a filosofia contemporânea em ação.
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  40. Illness as Transformative Experience.Havi Carel, Richard Pettigrew & Ian James Kidd - 2017 - The Lancet 388:1152-1153..
    We propose that certain forms of chronic illness can be transformative experiences, in the sense described by L.A. Paul.
     
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  41.  9
    Towards a Tibetan Palaeography: Developing a Typology of Writing Styles in Early Tibet.Sam van Schaik - 2014 - In Jörg Quenzer, Dmitry Bondarev & Jan-Ulrich Sobisch (eds.), Manuscript Cultures: Mapping the Field. De Gruyter. pp. 299-338.
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  42.  12
    CURA—An Ethics Support Instrument for Nurses in Palliative Care. Feasibility and First Perceived Outcomes.Malene Vera van Schaik, H. Roeline Pasman, Guy Widdershoven, Bert Molewijk & Suzanne Metselaar - 2021 - HEC Forum 35 (2):1-21.
    Evaluating the feasibility and first perceived outcomes of a newly developed clinical ethics support instrument called CURA. This instrument is tailored to the needs of nurses that provide palliative care and is intended to foster both moral competences and moral resilience. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional evaluation study. Respondents consisted of nurses and nurse assistants (n = 97) following a continuing education program (course participants) and colleagues of these course participants (n = 124). Two questionnaires with five-point Likert scales (...)
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  43. Illness, phenomenology, and philosophical method.Havi Hannah Carel - 2013 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 34 (4):345-357.
    In this article, I propose that illness is philosophically revealing and can be used to explore human experience. I suggest that illness is a limit case of embodied experience. By pushing embodied experience to its limit, illness sheds light on normal experience, revealing its ordinary and thus overlooked structure. Illness produces a distancing effect, which allows us to observe normal human behavior and cognition via their pathological counterpart. I suggest that these characteristics warrant illness a philosophical role that has not (...)
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  44.  29
    CURA—An Ethics Support Instrument for Nurses in Palliative Care. Feasibility and First Perceived Outcomes.Malene Vera van Schaik, H. Roeline Pasman, Guy Widdershoven, Bert Molewijk & Suzanne Metselaar - 2023 - HEC Forum 35 (2):139-159.
    Evaluating the feasibility and first perceived outcomes of a newly developed clinical ethics support instrument called CURA. This instrument is tailored to the needs of nurses that provide palliative care and is intended to foster both moral competences and moral resilience. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional evaluation study. Respondents consisted of nurses and nurse assistants (n = 97) following a continuing education program (course participants) and colleagues of these course participants (n = 124). Two questionnaires with five-point Likert scales (...)
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  45.  75
    The Philosophical Role of Illness.Havi Carel - 2014 - Metaphilosophy 45 (1):20-40.
    This article examines the philosophical role of illness. It briefly surveys the philosophical role accorded to illness in the history of philosophy and explains why illness merits such a role. It suggests that illness modifies, and thus sheds light on, normal experience, revealing its ordinary and therefore overlooked structure. Illness also provides an opportunity for reflection by performing a kind of suspension (epoché) of previously held beliefs, including tacit beliefs. The article argues that these characteristics warrant a philosophical role for (...)
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  46.  31
    Pathology as a phenomenological tool.Havi Carel - 2021 - Continental Philosophy Review 54 (2):201-217.
    The phenomenological method has been fruitfully used to study the experience of illness in recent years. However, the role of illness is not merely that of a passive object for phenomenological scrutiny. I propose that illness, and pathology more generally, can be developed into a phenomenological method in their own right. I claim that studying cases of pathology, breakdown, and illness offer illumination not only of these experiences, but also of normal function and the tacit background that underpins it. In (...)
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  47.  1
    Enkele beschouwingen over de geldigheid van het recht..Carel Coenraad Gischler - 1919 - Utrecht,: P. den Boer.
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  48.  6
    Hunkering en wetenskap -en Die bedreiginge van die paedagogica perennis.Carel Krügel Oberholzer - 1975 - [Port Elizabeth]: : Universiteit von Port Elisabeth. Edited by Carel Krügel Oberholzer.
  49. Prolegomena van 'n prinsipiële pedagogiek.Carel Krügel Oberholzer - 1968 - Kaapstad,: H.A.U.M..
     
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  50.  6
    Echte Kennis: essays over filosofie in literatuur.Carel Peeters - 1991 - Amsterdam: Harmonie.
    Bundel besprekingen van ideeënromans met filosofische thema's.
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