Yugoslavia was the site of unorthodox thinking on multiple fronts during the postwar period. In addition to the geopolitical innovation of the “non-aligned movement” and its domestic attempt at “self-management socialism,” the intellectual environment in the country after Tito’s 1948 break with Stalin also allowed for the development of theoretical work that departed from the Marxism-Leninism of the rest of the communist bloc. One of the most important attempts to blend Marxism with decidedly non-Leninist elements comes from the Slovenian politician (...) and intellectual, France Bučar. In the postwar period, Bučar sought to link his political activity to his intellectual work by developing his own critical systems theory. Unlike the thinkers within the Soviet Union, he was able to explore theoretical resources beyond Karl Marx, focusing in particular the groundbreaking work of Max Weber. This resulted in an agent-centric approach to systems theory that highlights the importance of the individual and geopolitical ethics. This paper aims to situate Bučar’s work in the context of postwar Yugoslavia. In so doing, I bring Bučar into conversation with the most important movement that sought to bring Marx together with Weber from the Western side of the Iron Curtain, i.e. the Frankfurt School of critical theory. I argue that certain aspects of Bučar’s critical systems theory bear a striking resemblance to Habermas’s own attempts to integrate Weberian insights into his own version of critical theory. I conclude by reflecting on how Bučar’s work can be understood as a combination of Eastern praxis with Western critique. (shrink)

For centuries, philosophy has been considered as an intellectual activity requiring complex cognitive skills and predispositions related to complex (or critical) thinking. The Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach aims at the development of critical thinking in pupils through philosophical dialogue. Some contest the introduction of P4C in the classroom, suggesting that the discussions it fosters are not philosophical in essence. In this text, we argue that P4C is philosophy.

Tristan Murail est, avec Gérard Grisey, un des deux grands représentants de ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler la "musique spectrale". L'expression indique une référence constante à la structure microscopique des spectres sonores : c'est la vie intérieure des sons, avec leur harmonicité ou inharmonicité, leurs transitoires d'attaque ou d'extinction, qui constitue chez Murail le modèle par excellence pour construire des formes musicales. Cet ouvrage - le premier entièrement consacré à l'œuvre de Murail - évoque sa situation esthétique face à d'autres (...) courants de la musique d'après 1945. Un long entretien donne la parole au compositeur, pour retracer un parcours qui l'a mené de Messiaen à Scelsi et au-delà, ainsi qu'au pédagogue (Murail enseigne depuis plusieurs années aux Etats-Unis). Une analyse approfondie de l'une de ses pièces marquantes, L'Esprit des dunes, permet d'entrer dans son atelier, de suivre le processus de création qui conduit de l'analyse des sons à l'invention des formes. Enfin, Tristan Murail lui-même revient en détail sur chacune de ses œuvres, nous livrant son regard rétrospectif en un document précieux. (shrink)

Bien que Hegel ne propose pas de solution satisfaisante au problème de l'injustice sociale, il est important d'analyser ce problème, car il définit les limites de la société civile. Dans ce court article, je veux montrer que l'injustice sociale est caractérisée par l'insatisfaction, qui produit une classe de hors-caste, car elle n'a ni biens, ni droits. De plus, il y a faille et problème, car Hegel conçoit la société civile à partir d'une axiologie de l'harmonisation et de l'intégration que démentent (...) les processus économiques. En revanche, la perspicacité du diagnostic hégélien démontre bien que l'absence d'intégration et de reconnaissance sociale est un mal aussi grand que la privation matérielle.Although Hegel offers no solution to the problem of social injustice, it is important to analyse this problem, for it defines the limits of civil society. In this short paper, I shall try to show that social injustice is characterized by the dissatisfaction that produces a class of outcaste people who have no goods, nor rights. Furthermore, there is a shortcoming and a problem in Hegel's conception of civil society: it is based on an axiology of harmonization and integration, which is contradicted by economic processes. However, the perspicacious hegelian diagnosis shows clearly that the absence of integration and social recognition is as great an evil as material deprivation. (shrink)

L'étude du passage de la société civile à l'État dans la philosophie politique hégélienne révèle l'irruption de deux formes d'inégalité, l'une politique , l'autre sociale , the other social .Moreover, the analysis of the hegelian diagnosis of the French Revolution enables us not only to place Hegel somewhere between Plato and Rousseau, but also brings out the inadequacy of characterizing Hegel either as a liberal or as a conservative.

This research questions the prevention and health promotion practices developed for young people, in France, and re-examines the nature of competences enlisted in the classical model of empowerment in health education. Moving away from the epidemiological postulate of evidence based medicine (EBM), it explores another approach of these educational practices. The research uses the perspective of narrative mediation; it tries also to identify issues about a better knowledge of oneself, making more comprehensive the issues of young students’ health.

Despite strong evidence of the influence of implicit theories of emotion on mental health symptoms among adult samples, scant attention has been paid to this important relation during adolesc...

Qualitative validation consists in showing that a model is able to mimic available observed data. In population level biological models, the available data frequently represent a group status, such as pool testing, rather than the individual statuses. They are aggregated. Our objective was to explore an approach for qualitative validation of a model with aggregated data and to apply it to validate a stochastic model simulating the bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (BVDV) spread within a dairy cattle herd. Repeated measures of the (...) level of BVDV-specific antibodies in the bulk-tank milk (total milk production of a herd) were used to summarise the BVDV herd status. First, a domain of validation was defined to ensure a comparison restricted to dynamics of pathogen spread well identified among observed aggregated data (new herd infection with a wide BVDV spread). For simulations, scenarios were defined and simulation outputs at the individual animal level were aggregated at the herd level using an aggregation function. Comparison was done only for observed data and simulated aggregated outputs that were in the domain of validation. The validity of our BVDV model was not rejected. Drawbacks and ways of improvement of the approach are discussed. (shrink)

Si l’histoire des sages-femmes est relativement bien connue pour les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, grâce aux ouvrages de Mireille Laget et Jacques Gélis, en revanche, pour le XIXe siècle, elle reste en grande partie à écrire. La situation parisienne a fait l’objet du livre de Scarlett Beauvalet-Boutouyrie sur la Maternité de Port-Royal et aussi de la thèse de IIIe cycle sur les sages-femmes parisiennes de Danielle Tucat, malheureusement non publiée. Pour la France profonde, on dispose d’un article...

This essay is a critical engagement with recent assessments of comparative religious ethics by John Kelsay and Jung Lee. Contra Kelsay's proposal to return to a neo-Weberian sociology of religious norm elaboration and justification, the authors argue that comparative religious ethics is and should be practiced as a field of study in active conversation with other fields that consider human flourishing, employing a variety of methods that have their roots in multiple disciplines. Cross-pollination from a variety of disciplines is a (...) strength of comparative ethics, which has enlivened recent and ongoing research on ethics, not a problem to be resolved by convergence on a single, distinctively comparative project. The authors also argue in response to Lee and Kelsay that while individual comparative studies of virtue and personal formation can be flawed in various ways, this line of research has been productive and at times very compelling. Moreover, attention to comparative virtue ethics shows how scholarship on some ethical topics necessitates drawing on a variety of perspectives and disciplinary backgrounds, a conclusion relevant to all work in religious ethics today. (shrink)

Collaborative inquiry (CI) often prefers using the small group as the main method of investigation serving the twin goals that characterize this type of research—the production of scientific knowledge and the professional development of its participants. The small group offers researchers and practitioners a mutual space for analyzing issues of common interest which arise from the day-to-day experience of the latter. Supporting these groups and their participants can be a major challenge and plays a crucial role in carrying out a (...) CI project. But what exactly do this stance and the work supporting it entail? The authors of this article offer some possible answers to this broad question by drawing on their own experiences in various CI projects and on a systematic approach that they have developed in recent years. Knowledge related to CI— as a methodological approach and as part of the process and goals of experiential learning in particular—made it possible to study support issues, starting with areas of focus that guide researchers and act as reference points in the course of this work. (shrink)

Ce dialogue met aux prises Socrate avec Critias, sophiste et tyran a la fois, et se situe au debut de la guerre du Peloponnese, une guerre fratricide et desastreuse ou la puissance d'Athenes chancelle et ou l'unite du monde grec est a jamais perdue. C'est sur fond de folie et de demesure qu'ils s'entretiennent de moderation. Rester tranquille et s'occuper de ses affaires, est-ce inertie ou reflexion prudente? Quand tout le comportement de Socrate est a l'inverse de cette moderation-la et (...) quand il est impossible de bien faire si on ignore le bien qu'on fait, alors il faut dechiffrer l'enigme de la prescription delphique: connais toi toi-meme. Le Charmide est sans doute le dialogue ou la rivalite entre le philosophe et le sophiste est a son comble sur des questions que l'horizon de la guerre rend exceptionnellement aigues. Dans un monde en perdition, ou est le salut? Dans un monde pres d'eclater, ou est l'unite? Dans un monde plein de conflits, qui a la puissance? (shrink)

This article reflects one scholar's attempt to locate herself within emerging ethical methodologies given a specific concern with cross-cultural women's moral praxis. The field of comparative ethics's debt to past debates over methodology is considered through a typology of three waves of methodological invention. The article goes on to describe a specific research focus on U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shii women that initiated a search for a distinct method. This method of comparative ethics, which focuses on the production of ethical (...) knowledge through the interaction of discursive logics of various moral agents, is described. The conclusion turns to how methodological invention can itself become a constructive project through the way it (1) locates the scholar in relation to her subject of study and (2) allows for isolation of tactics within specific moral discourses. (shrink)

To introduce this set of essays on visual ethics, I address the conceptual and methodological contours, as well as difficult theoretical questions, that might emerge with a visual turn in religious ethics. In addition I situate the work represented in this focus issue within ongoing conversations about moral perception, culture as a topic of normative analysis, and the various roles of visual culture in the moral life.

Voici un livre à deux voix, où s’entrelacent en un dialogue (rendu sensible par des typographies contrastées) les réflexions d’une grande historienne de la maternité et celles d’un gynécologue obstétricien d’aujourd’hui. Il s’agit de comprendre les profondes transformations de la procréation et de la naissance dans nos sociétés en revenant sur l’histoire longue des croyances et des pratiques autour de la grossesse et de l’accouchement. Même s’il n’est pas question de proposer un retour à l’an...

Avec le mouvement de professionnalisation de l'enseignement, la compétence éthique est devenue une caractéristique désirée du professionnalisme dans l'enseignement.