Este trabajo trata de explicitar cierta posibilidad de utilización de algunas coordenadas filosóficas –elaboradas tanto por Vico cuanto por Dilthey– que pueden incidir, con un lugar relevante, en el debate filosófico contemporáneo acerca de la individualidad en su nexo con las formas y los contenidos de la ética. Propone un replanteamiento de la hipótesis de relación entre un orden normativo del obrar moral y las exigencias de vida radicadas en el individuo.This paper aims to show a possible use of some (...) philosophical trends elaborated both by Vico and Dilthey. It is assumed that those trends may have a certain influence in the contemporary philosophical controversy on individuality in close connection with the ethical issues related with normative order and life claims. (shrink)

Information can be public among a group. Whether or not information is public matters, for example, for accounts of interdependent rational choice, of communication, and of joint intention. A standard analysis of public information identifies it with (some variant of) common belief. The latter notion is stipulatively defined as an infinite conjunction: for p to be commonly believed is for it to believed by all members of a group, for all members to believe that all members believe it, and so (...) forth. This analysis is often presupposed without much argument in philosophy. Theoretical entrenchment or intuitions about cases might give some traction on the question, but give little insight about why the identification holds, if it does. The strategy of this paper is to characterize a practical-normative role for information being public, and show that the only things that play that role are (variants of) common belief as stipulatively characterized. In more detail: a functional role for “taking a proposition for granted” in non-isolated decision making is characterized. I then present some minimal conditions under which such an attitude is correctly held. The key assumption links this attitude to beliefs about what is public. From minimal a priori principles, we can argue that a proposition being public among a group entails common commitment to believe among that group. Later sections explore partial converses to this result, the factivity of publicity and publicity from the perspective of outsiders to the group, and objections to the aprioricity of the result deriving from a posteriori existential presuppositions. (shrink)

Bazzocchi disposes the text of the Tractatus in a user-friendly manner, exactly as Wittgenstein's decimals advise. This discloses the logical form of the book by distinct reading units, linked into a fashioned hierarchical tree. The text becomes much clearer and every reader can enjoy, finally, its formal and literary qualities.

v. 1. Dall'antico al moderno -- v. 2. L'età contemporanea -- v. 3. Teoria e metodo.

Despite the frequency of stillbirths, the subsequent implications are overlooked and underappreciated. We present findings from comprehensive, systematic literature reviews, and new analyses of published and unpublished data, to establish the effect of stillbirth on parents, families, health-care providers, and societies worldwide. Data for direct costs of this event are sparse but suggest that a stillbirth needs more resources than a livebirth, both in the perinatal period and in additional surveillance during subsequent pregnancies. Indirect and intangible costs of stillbirth are (...) extensive and are usually met by families alone. This issue is particularly onerous for those with few resources. Negative effects, particularly on parental mental health, might be moderated by empathic attitudes of care providers and tailored interventions. The value of the baby, as well as the associated costs for parents, families, care providers, communities, and society, should be considered to prevent stillbirths and reduce associated morbidity. (shrink)

1. Sae sidae rŭl yŏrŏ gan saramdŭl -- 2. Ŏdum ŭi sidae.

The AGI alignment problem has a bimodal distribution of outcomes with most outcomes clustering around the poles of total success and existential, catastrophic failure. Consequently, attempts to solve AGI alignment should, all else equal, prefer false negatives (ignoring research programs that would have been successful) to false positives (pursuing research programs that will unexpectedly fail). Thus, we propose adopting a policy of responding to points of philosophical and practical uncertainty associated with the alignment problem by limiting and choosing necessary assumptions (...) to reduce the risk of false positives. Herein we explore in detail two relevant points of uncertainty that AGI alignment research hinges on---meta-ethical uncertainty and uncertainty about mental phenomena---and show how to reduce false positives in response to them. (shrink)

È alla luce della rielaborazione filosofica delle categorie di individualità e alterità che si misura la progressiva presa di distanza dell’etica storicistica (da Schleiermacher a Humboldt, da Dilthey a Troeltsch) da quella formalistica kantiana e che si può cogliere il progetto di fondazione di un’etica materiale che, pur non rinunciando ad elementi di normatività e all’universalità dei principi, individua il suo prevalente oggetto nella natura dei bisogni umani e fissa il suo spazio di azione nella comunanza delle relazioni intersoggettive, cioè (...) in quella fondante dimensione che ha al suo centro l’individualità colta pur sempre di nuovo nella sua storicità determinata e nella sua operatività etica. Ciò che viene al centro non sono più le strutture anonime e le leggi intemporali a porsi come base e come giustificazione nella produzione di valori o nella genesi di sempre nuove formazioni individuali e sociali, ma è, appunto, l’individualità (CACCIATORE, 2002), sia nella sua dimensione conoscitiva sia in quella etica, cioè il vero punto di incontro tra storia e vita. (shrink)

Texto de la conferencia inaugural donde se trazan importantes claves para la lectura de Vico y se reflexiona sobre su condición de clásico.Text from the opening lecture, where important keys for the reading of Vico are pointed, and his character of classic is considered.

In a recent article Duncan Purves, Ryan Jenkins, and B. J. Strawser argue that in order for a decision in war to be just, or indeed the decision to resort to war to be just, it must be the case that the decision is made for the right reasons. Furthermore, they argue that this requirement holds regardless of how much good is produced by said action. In this essay I argue that their argument is flawed, in that it mistakes what (...) makes an agent morally good for what makes an act morally good. I argue that the main thrust of Purves et al.’s argument in fact undermines the conclusion they wish to draw, and that the reasons for one’s action do not make an in principle difference to the morality of actions in war. I further argue that this position undermines the traditional ad bellum just war constraint of right intention, and that the morality of actions in war is, at core, only concerned with outcomes. I conclude by clarifying that one’s reasons for action do in fact matter when deciding to enter war or kill in war, but only because one’s reasons significantly impact the way in which one acts. The purpose of this paper is to clear the theoretical space by showing why intentions/reasons do not in principle matter when assessing the morality of war (or killing), but this should not be taken as an argument that we should ignore intentions/reasons altogether. (shrink)

Este estudio analiza el problema de la relación entre metafísica e historia en la filosofía viquiana, y cómo ésta es capaz de reconducir el certum al verum. Plantea el autor cómo Vico mantiene unidos los modelos racionales, posibilitando un universalismo ético que permite conjugar la normatividad del juicio universal y la diferencia histórico-cultural de lo individual.PALABRAS CLAVE: Vico, ética, universalismo ético, identidad, diferencia, historicidad.The problematic relationship between metaphysics and history in Vichian philosophy is here analysed –and the way it transforms (...) certum into verum. The author considers Vico’s attempts to keep rational models together, allowing the appearance of an ethical universalism that combines universal judgment normativity and historical-cultural difference of the individual.Keywords: Vico, ethics, ethical universalism, identity, difference, historicity. (shrink)

L'Autore ritiene che la critica vichiana delle borie non si riferisca solo a nazioni, culture e teorie filosofico-teologiche concentrate a discutere sull'origine oscura e favolosa dei tempi e sulla relazione tra storia sacra e storie profane. Ma è anche un dispositivo etico-filosofico che invita l'umanità, ormai al culmine del processo di incivilimento, a guardarsi da ogni forma di boria delle nazioni , così come da ogni manifestazione boriosa da parte dei dotti . The author argues that Vico's critique of conceit (...) does not refer only to nations and cultures, and to philosophical-theological theories focused on origins in ancient and mythical times and on the relationship between sacred and profane history. Vico's critique is also an ethical-philosophical device that invites humanity, now at the height of the civilizing process, to guard against any form of conceit by nations , as well as any self-important manifestations by intellectuals. (shrink)