Neste artigo, investigam-se o uso de e os argumentos a favor da história e da filosofia da ciência no ensino escolar dessas matérias. Enfatizam-se as propostas do Currículo Nacional Britânico e as recomendações contidas no Projeto americano 2061 de diretrizes curriculares. Algumas opiniões contrárias à inclusão de material histórico nas disciplinas de ciências são levantadas e contestadas. A tese piagetiana de que o desenvolvimento psicológico individual reflete o desenvolvimento dos conceitos na história da ciência é mencionada e serve de introdução (...) à questão da idealização em ciências. Relacionam- se alguns exemplos significativos de momentos quando, às custas de sua própria qualidade, a educação ignorou os estudos relacionados à filosofia da ciência. São fornecidos argumentos a favor da inclusão da história e da filosofia da ciência nos programas de formação de professores dessa área. Conclui-se o artigo com uma listagem de temas atuais cujo debate conjunto por professores, historiadores, filósofos e sociólogos poderia resultar em enormes benefícios para o ensino de ciências. (shrink)

We would like to thank Dolega and Dewhurst for a thought-provoking and informed deconstruction of our article, which we take as applause from valued members of our audience. In brief, we fully concur with the theatre-free formulation offered by Dolega and Dewhurst and take the opportunity to explain why we used the Cartesian theatre metaphor. We do this by drawing an analogy between consciousness and evolution. This analogy is used to emphasize the circular causality inherent in the free energy principle. (...) We conclude with a comment on the special forms of active inference that may be associated with selfawareness and how they may be especially informed by dream states. (shrink)

Первое российское энциклопедическое издание, посвященное философии буддизма, является самым полным в отечественной литературе сводом знаний о буддийской философии. Его главная цель - описать философское кредо буддизма в контексте разнообразия школ.

Arthur Prior (1914-69) is regarded as New Zealand's greatest 20th-century philosopher. Until World War II, Prior seriously considered a career as a religious journalist, especially when traveling and living on the Continent and in England with his first wife. During these years, Prior wrote widely on theology and contemporary Christianity. In his correspondence with Ursula Bethell and Hugh Teague, Prior discusses in detail his religious and theological thoughts, including his shift from formal theological study into a world of journalism and (...) philosophy. These previously unknown letters, which cover the years from 1936 to 1941, chronicle a substantial part of a fascinating period in Prior's development, both theologically and philosophically, and have been transcribed and annotated for this volume. (shrink)

В настоящей книге представлен анализ внутренней логики и социокультурного контекста существования Московского методологического кружка - одной из самых влиятельных мыслительно-практических контркультурных традиций советской эпохи.

PAMVEC is a novel vehicle modeling tool designed to complement the capabilities of dynamic vehicle simulators and be better-suited to the purposes of vehicle technology assessment. This paper presents a validation of PAMVEC against published data for a range of production and pre-production prototype vehicles whose powertrain technologies span the range currently being exhibited by automotive manufacturers. For each vehicle, the PAMVEC model was used to predict the fuel/energy consumption and required peak powertrain output due to acceleration performance. Errors typically.