This chapter contains sections titled: The Philosophical Context in Jena around 1800 A Metaphysics of Freedom Analytic and Synthetic Philosophy Metaphysics of Humanity Socioeconomic Philosophy The Natural World Harmonious Freedom Krause's Philosophy in Spain Ideal de la humanidad (the ideal of humanity) Latin American Reception Conclusion References Further Reading.

Quasi-truth (a.k.a. pragmatic truth or partial truth) is typically advanced as a framework accounting for incompleteness and uncertainty in the actual practices of science. Also, it is said to be useful for accommodating cases of inconsistency in science without leading to triviality. In this paper, we argue that the formalism available does not deliver all that is promised. We examine the standard account of quasi-truth in the literature, advanced by da Costa and collaborators in many places, and argue that it (...) cannot legitimately account for incompleteness in science. We shall claim that it conflates paraconsistency and paracompleteness. It also cannot properly account for inconsistencies, because no direct contradiction of the form S ∧ ¬S can be quasi-true according to the framework; contradictions simply have no place in the formalism. Finally, we advance an alternative interpretation of the formalism in terms of dealing with distinct contexts where incompatible information is dealt with. This does not save the original program, but seems to make better sense of the apparatus. (shrink)

The literature on quantum logic emphasizes that the algebraic structures involved with orthodox quantum mechanics are non distributive. In this paper we develop a particular algebraic structure, the quasi-lattice ( $${\mathfrak{I}}$$ -lattice), which can be modeled by an algebraic structure built in quasi-set theory $${\mathfrak{Q}}$$. This structure is non distributive and involve indiscernible elements. Thus we show that in taking into account indiscernibility as a primitive concept, the quasi-lattice that ‘naturally’ arises is non distributive.

In this introductory article we explore the relationship between statehood and governance, examining in more detail how non-state actors like MNCs, international NGOs, and indigenous authorities, often under conditions of extreme economic scarcity, ethnic diversity, social inequality and violence, take part in the making of rules and the provision of collective goods. Conceptually, we focus on the literature on Areas of Limited Statehood and discuss its usefulness in exploring how business-society relations are governed in the global South, and beyond. Building (...) on insights from this literature, among others, the four articles included in this special issue provide rich illustrations and critical reflections on the multiple, complex and often ambiguous roles of state and non-state actors operating in contemporary Syria, Nigeria, India and Palestine, with implications for conventional understandings of CSR, stakeholders, and related conceptualizations. (shrink)

The Companion to Montesquieu provides a first port-of-call for readers new to the study of Montesquieu, even as it makes major contributions to the specialist literature. The volume will attract scholars of multiple disciplines and readers interested in concepts like liberty, cosmopolitanism, sovereignty, and slavery treated in the thematic chapters.

Some researchers maintain that one of the primary functions of religion is to help individuals develop a strong sense of connectedness with other people. However, there is little research on how a sense of connectedness arises. The purpose of this study is to examine this issue. A conceptual model is developed to test the following key hypotheses: blacks are more likely than whites to affiliate with Conservative Christian denominations; Conservative Christians attend worship services more often than individuals in other faith (...) traditions; people who go to church more often are more likely to receive informal spiritual support ; individuals who receive more spiritual support are more likely to read religious literature and watch or listen to religious programs; and people who engage in these private religious practices are more likely to feel a close sense of religiously based connectedness with others. Data from a nationwide longitudinal survey provides support for each hypothesis. (shrink)

In this work we discuss logical structures related to indistinguishable particles. Most of the framework used to develop these structures was presented in [17, 28] and in [20, 14, 15, 16]. We use these structures and constructions to discuss possible ontologies for identical particles. In other words, we use these structures in order to characterize the logical structure of quantum systems for the case of indistinguishable particles, and draw possible philosophical implications. We also review some proposals available in the literature (...) which may be considered within the framework of the quantum logical tradition regarding the problem of indistinguishability. Besides these discussions and constructions, we advance novel technical results, namely, a lattice theoretical structure for identical particles for the finite dimensional case. This kind of approach was not present in the scarcely literature of quantum logic and indistinguishable particles. (shrink)

THEN GO TO YOUR WORK WITH JOY - SOCIALITY AND SACRAMENTAILITY IN MARTIN LUTHER'S TEACHING OF THE CALLINGThe article investigates Martin Luther’s teaching of the calling in a social perspective. In the tradition following the pioneering work of Max Weber, the Reformation has often been interpreted a steppingstone towards processes of disenchantment, secularization and rationalization. In recent years, a growing body of literature has argued that this tradition overlooks crucial elements of reformation spirituality such as sacramentality, sociality and the affirmation (...) of ordinary life. With his conceptualization of work as a calling, Luther elevated and sanctified the everyday life and activities as a central component of the Christian life and the constitution of society. Here we might find the seed for the exceptionally high value ascribed to work in contemporary, Lutheran Nordic societies. (shrink)

This chapter argues that the general philosophy of science should learn metaphilosophical lessons from the case of metaphysical underdetermination, as it occurs in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Section presents the traditional discussion of metaphysical underdetermination regarding the individuality and non-individuality of quantum particles. Section discusses three reactions to it found in the literature: eliminativism about individuality; conservatism about individuality; eliminativism about objects. Section wraps it all up with metametaphysical considerations regarding the epistemology of metaphysics of science.

This article examines one aspect of Thomas Aquinas' understanding of abstraction. It shows in which way, according to Aquinas, universal material objects and individual material objects are the starting point for mathematical objects. It comes to the conclusion that for Aquinas there are not only universal mathematical objects (circle, line), but also individual mathematical objects (this circle, that line). Universal mathematical objects are properties of universal material objects and individual mathematical objects are properties of individual material objects. One type of (...) abstractio formae leads from individual material objects to universal mathematical objects, a second type from universal material objects to universal mathematical objects, and a third type from individual material objects to individual mathematical objects. Therefore, the concept of abstractio formae is ambiguous. (shrink)

In this article we describe our approach to understanding wrongdoing in medical research and practice, which involves the statistical analysis of coded data from a large set of published cases. We focus on understanding the environmental factors that predict the kind and the severity of wrongdoing in medicine. Through review of empirical and theoretical literature, consultation with experts, the application of criminological theory, and ongoing analysis of our first 60 cases, we hypothesize that 10 contextual features of the medical environment (...) (including financial rewards, oversight failures, and patients belonging to vulnerable groups) may contribute to professional wrongdoing. We define each variable, examine data supporting our hypothesis, and present a brief case synopsis from our study that illustrates the potential influence of the variable. Finally, we discuss limitations of the resulting framework and directions for future research. (shrink)

The reason which is generally given in the usage-based literature to account for the retention of irregularity in high frequency items during analogical change is entrenchment: a frequently occurring irregular linguistic unit resists analogical levelling because it is highly entrenched in speakers’ mental lexicons through its repeated use. Although previous research similarly suggests that the entrenchment of irregular and regularised forms competing during analogical levelling should be proportional to their frequency of use, evidence for this relation between frequency and entrenchment (...) comes exclusively from corpus-based studies; what is missing, therefore, are behavioural tests contrasting the competing innovative and conservative forms. The present paper aims to provide converging evidence for an entrenchment-based explanation of frequency patterns in analogical change on the basis of data obtained from an experiment in which participants are presented with traditional and analogical variants of a variable currently undergoing analogical levelling. Differences in processing latencies obtained during the experiment are interpreted as differences in entrenchment. The results provide i) evidence in favour of the prevalent entrenchment-based explanation of the conserving effect of frequency in analogical change, and ii) evidence of the current state and spread of the change under investigation. (shrink)

The use of models of scientific theories should not be done without qualifications about the mathematics being used to build the models. This looks obvious, at least for logicians, but generally, it is not to the philosopher of science. Thus, some details about this point seem useful for both. Since any quick revision in the literature shows that in most cases, mainly after the raising of the semantic approach, the models are taken to be set-theoretical structures, in discussing the issue (...) we shall be concerned more with set theories, the locus where the play is usually developed. (shrink)

Protein complexes perform many important functions in the cell. Large‐scale studies of protein–protein interactions have not only revealed new complexes but have also placed many proteins into multiple complexes. Whilst the advocates of hypothesis‐free research touted the discovery of these shared components as new links between diverse cellular processes, critical commentators denounced many of the findings as artefacts, thus questioning the usefulness of large‐scale approaches. Here, we survey proteins known to be shared between complexes, as established in the literature, and (...) compare them to shared components found in high‐throughput screens. We discuss the various challenges to the identification and functional interpretation of bona fide shared components, namely contaminants, variant and megacomplexes, and transient interactions, and suggest that many of the novel shared components found in high‐throughput screens are neither the results of contamination nor central components, but appear to be primarily regulatory links in cellular processes. BioEssays 26:1333–1343, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

The work is based on a two-year analytic review of the literature followed by a one-year synthesis of the findings. The one-year synthesis of the findings. The result, in the words of a pre-publication reviewer, "is an attempt to redirect research in this whole area by examining the demonstrated utility of various approaches, urging that we discard some and adopt others as promising." _The Effects of Mass Communication on Political Behavior_ will be indispensable for all students of communication, political behavior, (...) speech, journalism, political sociology, and social psychology. (shrink)

This article illuminates Nietzsche’s and Kafka’s spiritual kinship and its manifestation in Kafka’s story The Metamorphosis. Nietzsche’s role as a practitioner of “disruptive wisdom” serves as the point of departure for the examination of Gregor Samsa’s untimely and abrupt transformation into a giant vermin. The article explores Gregor’s development in light of Zarathustra’s parable of the three metamorphoses of the spirit, and it examines the relevance of the myth of the Way in the protagonist’s search for meaning. Central to this (...) discussion are Kafka’s and Nietzsche’s fascination with animal similes and Kafka’s modification of the Nietzschean metaphor of man as a rope. (shrink)

Begriffe, die alles bedeuten, bedeuten nichts. So auch Postmoderne. In Philosophie, Architektur- und Literaturtheorie erfährt dieser Begriff unzählige Deutungen. Sie sind gänzlich verschieden, teilweise unvereinbar. Oft genug sind sie immanent widersprüchlich. Es gilt zu zeigen, an welchen Widersprüchen und Unvereinbarkeiten der Postmoderne-Diskurs scheitert. Die Analytische Philosophie firmiert als methodisches Leitbild. Aber schon Goethe fordert Genauigkeit und Klarheit des Ausdrucks - gegen Dunkelheit, die sich als Tiefe missversteht: «Sprich vom Geheimnis nicht geheimnisvoll.».

The figure of the Palmyrean queen Zenobia plays an important part in three vitae of the Historia Augusta. The discrepancy in her representation was attributed to different sources or different authors. Since the representation of Zenobia even changes within one vita, there is no need to assume different authors. Being a counterpart to Gallienus, Odaenathus and Aurelianus, the figure of Zenobia changes correspondingly to these male figures. Her voluntary submission to the real – male – emperor finds an equivalent in (...) the nation's voluntary submission to the real – male – ruler. The category of gender proves valuable in the analysis of characterisation and text intention. The vita Aureliani is interpreted as deconstructing the panegyric tones of the vitae Gallieni and triginta tyrannorum. (shrink)

It is suggested that the mathematically abstract coordinate frames of reference commonly visualized to be centered at the celestial bodies have real counterparts in the shape of well-defined rigid spatial resonant singularities of infinite extension, which accommodate the matter waves from the superimposition of which the body residing at the coordinate origin results. A universally valid inertial reference frame system is proposed. Qualitative explanations are offered for the inertial and gravitational forces, their observed proportionality, and for the occurrence of second-order (...) gravitational effects in the vicinity of massive bodies. The universal redshift is assumed to result from a closure condition of the eigenspaces introduced. (shrink)

Music critics find difficulty in substantiating their claims. They tend to use rhetoric in order to compensate for the lack of evidence. These rhetorical devices have not been scrutinized yet. Thus it seems useful to deal with them.

Name der Zeitschrift: Naharaim Jahrgang: 10 Heft: 2 Seiten: 215-244.

Einleitung : Zur Entstehung der Schrift ; Zum Kontext der Schrift ; Zur Wirkung der Schrift ; Die zentralen Themen der Schrift -- Hinweise zur Edition -- Siglen und Kurztitel -- Bibliographische Angaben -- Karl Leonhard Reinhold : Ueber das Fundament des philosophischen Wissens nebst einigen Erläuterungen über die Theorie des Vorstellungsvermögens. Vorrede -- Uever das Fundament des philosophischen Wissens -- Die in 26sten Stück der A.L.Z. von 1791 enthaltene Beurtheilung der Reinholdschen Elementarphilosophie -- Des Herrn Hofrath und Professor Schwab (...) Gedanken über die Reinholdsche Theorie des Vorstellungsvermögens. Im 2ten St. des 3ten Bandes des Eberhardschen Magazins. Geprüft von M.F.C. Forberg -- Anhang : Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung 26/27. 28. Januar 1791, 201-208; 209-214 [Rezensent A. W. Rehberg] (Beyträge zur Berichtigung bisheriger Misverständnisse der Philosophen. Erster Band) ; Philosophisches Magazin. Hg. von Johann August Eberhard. Dritten Bandes zweytes Stück. Halle 1790, 125-147 (Ueber den Reinholdischen Versuch einer neuen Theorie des menschlichen Vorstellungsvermögens, non J. C. Schwab). (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Ideas 61.1 (2000) 115-132 [Access article in PDF] Schiller's Theory of Landscape Depiction Jason Gaiger This paper offers a critical discussion of the theory of landscape depiction which Friedrich Schiller developed in an important but neglected article on the work of Friedrich Matthisson, published in 1794. 1 The question of the value and status of landscape painting and poetry was far from settled at (...) the end of the eighteenth century, and Schiller's essay should be seen as making an important contribution to an ongoing debate. 2 The second half of the eighteenth century is marked by a profound ambivalence towards the natural world. On the one hand there is a remarkable "rediscovery" of nature, evidenced in such diverse but related phenomena as the vogue for English gardens and the appreciation of wild and "untamed places," such as the Alps and the Herz mountains. It is also the age of "sentiment," embracing a heightened sensitivity to all aspects of the physical world. And yet when we turn to the visual arts, we find landscape painting ranked far below history painting and portraiture. Precedence is given to the representation of human actions and emotions, and the depiction of the human figure remains the highest goal of ambitious art.The modern hierarchy of the genres was first established on a firm theoretical and practical basis with the founding of the French Royal Academy in the seventeenth century. The painter of living animals is ranked higher than the [End Page 115] painter of inanimate nature who depicts "choses mortes et sans mouvement." 3 The painter of human subjects, who imitates "the most perfect work of God," stands higher still. The highest achievement to which the artist can aspire, however, is history painting, the depiction of groups of figures in themes derived from biblical and mythical sources. To achieve this, the artist cannot depict what he sees but must employ both knowledge and imagination. The fundamental opposition here is between painting as a merely imitative or mechanical art, which is addressed to the eye alone, and painting as a work of "invention" or "imagination," which is addressed to the mind. Only the latter constitutes a properly liberal art, entitling the painter to stand alongside the poet as "un auteur ingénieux et savant" over and above the mere artisan or skilled laborer.The great popularity enjoyed by landscape painting in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was not met by any comparable elevation in its status as a fine art. Addressing students of the Royal Academy in London in 1770, Joshua Reynolds could continue to dismiss landscape and still-life as the "meaner walks of painting" which require only "mechanical" expertise. 4 For Reynolds the status of painting as a fine art is established through its treatment of the great subjects of history painting, that is, the depiction of human passions and the intellect. Only in tackling such themes does the artist succeed in addressing the imagination, which Reynolds describes as the "great end of art." 5 Although of comparatively recent origin, the genre of "landscape poetry" remained equally problematic and could not easily be reconciled with classicist ideals. New categories seemed to be required to comprehend the work of poets such as Albrecht von Haller and James Thomson, in which the varied and ever-changing aspects of the natural landscape were made the central protagonists of the poetic drama. While traditional forms such as the bucolic, the Arcadian, and the pastoral allowed the depiction of rural existence, the new "descriptive poetry" sought to celebrate the life of nature independently of man's intervening presence: it is nature itself rather than man's relation to nature which is made the poet's primary concern.Schiller's review of the third, expanded edition of Matthisson's poetry appeared in two parts in the Jenaer Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, 11-12 September 1794. While the second half of the review is given over to a detailed discussion of Matthisson's poetry, the first part is reserved for an extended theoretical discussion in which Schiller... (shrink)

Die erste Rezeption Kants unmittelbar nach Erscheinen der Kritik der reinen Vernunft zahlt zu den folgenreichsten und spannendsten Etappen der neueren Philosophiegeschichte. Erstaunlicherweise ist sie noch immer weithin unerforscht. Dieser Band geht auf eine Fruhkantianismus-Ausstellung der Universitat Jena (1993) zuruck. Er hilft, das Quellenmaterial leichter zu erschliessen. Kapitel uber Ch. G. Schutz, C. Ch. E. Schmid, die Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, Reinhold, Schiller, Hufeland u.a. geben neue Einblicke in diese fruhe Etappe der Kantrezeption. An die hundert Abbildungen prasentieren teilweise vollig unbekanntes (...) Quellenmaterial von hohem Wert. The first reception of Kant directly after publication of the Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most momentous and fascinating stages in the recent history of philosophy. Surprisingly not much research has been done on this. This volume is the result of an exhibition of early Kantianism at the University of Jena in 1993. It helps to make the source material more easily accessible. Chapters on Ch. G. Schutz, C. Ch. E. Schmid, the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, Reinhold, Schiller, Hufeland among others provide new insight into this early stage of Kant's reception. There are approximately 100 illustrations which present very valuable source material, some of which was previously completely unknown. (shrink)

Excerpt from Allgemeines Handwörterbuch der Philosophischen Wissenschaften Nebst Ihrer Literatur und Geschichte Nfcfl'oc bet %ilofopln'e an bet univafitdt an 269n mb sum: bet Ginil= 88(tbientloxcns. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in (...) the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

Nach einer weit verbreiteten Überzeugung beruht der Wert von fiktionaler Literatur wenigstens zum Teil darauf, dass Leser durch sie zu Wissen gelangen. Warum aber kommt fiktionale Literatur für den Erwerb von Wissen in Frage? Einige Autoren verweisen darauf, dass Literatur zwar kein propositionales Wissen im Sinne des Überzeugungswissens, aber ein nicht-propositionales Wissen im Sinne des Wissens von subjektiven Perspektiven oder von Fertigkeiten vermittelt. Der Beitrag argumentiert dafür, dass sich zusätzlich zu nicht-propositionalem Wissen auch propositionales Wissen durch Literatur erwerben lässt. Leser (...) können ihr propositionales Wissen erweitern, weil literarische Werke Behauptungen über Allgemeines enthalten. Anhand impliziter und durch Interpretation erschließbarer allgemeiner Aussagen wird die Auffassung verteidigt, dass Literatur eine wahrheitssuchende Institution darstellt. (shrink)

Anhand eines bisher unveröffentlichten Briefentwurfs wird erläutert, warum Karl Kraus schließlich nicht auf einen Vorschlag Upton Sinclairs einging, Die letzten Tage der Menschheit ins Englische übersetzen und in einer sozialistischen Sammlung von “Volksklassikern” erscheinen zu lassen. Der Aufsatz berücksichtigt sowohl die Bestände des Kraus-Archivs als auch den Upton-Sinclair-Nachlaß der Indiana University.

Otto Weininger’s Sex and Character interprets Kant’s categorical imperative in a way which takes it to imply that all human relations, including human sexual relations, are immoral; it is thus in a certain sense impossible to lead a moral life on this earth. We discuss Weininger’s ideas on man, woman, value and intellect, and describe their influence among the Central European intellectuals of his day, including Wittgenstein, and also including Karl Kraus.

Der Mensch erobert die Literatur! Im Zeitalter der Aufklärung rückt der Mensch ins Zentrum des wissenschaftlichen Interesses. Aber wie schlägt sich diese neue Menschenkunde in der 'schönen' Literatur nieder? Wie lassen sich ihre inhaltlichen und methodischen Perspektiven für ein besseres Verständnis literarischer Texte nutzen? Der neue Themenband der Akademie Studienbücher ist das erste studentische Lehrbuch, das diese Fragen umfassend diskutiert: Interdisziplinäre Menschenkunde im Spiegel der Literatur: von Aufklärung bis Klassik, von Rousseau bis Büchner Kontexte: Pädagogik, Psychologie und Völkerkunde im 18. (...) Jahrhundert Anthropologische Literaturgattungen: Reiseberichte und Lehrgedichte, psychologische Fallgeschichten, Romane und Dramen Neues Wissen über den Menschen: Selbstbestimmung der Frau, Traum, Sexualität, Verbrechen, Wahnsinn Körpersprache und Physiognomik: Quellen der Menschenkenntnis und Schauspielkunst Pressestimmen: "Kaum einer hat sich beständiger in die [anthropologische Debatte des 18. Jahrhunderts in der Germanistik] eingemischt als Alexander Kosenina, der nun eine vornehmlich an Studenten adressierte Einführung zu diesem Komplex vorlegt. In kurzen Kapiteln stellt Kosenina [...] die einschlägigen theoretischen Texte ebenso vor wie die Auswirkungen auf die verschiedenen literarischen Gattungen oder den Niederschlag in diskursiven Feldern wie Traum oder Wahnsinn." Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 15. Dezember 2008 "Die Einführung in die 'methodische Perspektive' der Literaturanthropologie ist anregend zu lesen und gut an Beispielen." Ronald Schneider in: ekz - Informationsdienst, 3/2009 "Aus der Masse der Studienbücher sticht Alexander Koseninas Buch nicht nur der runden Ecken wegen hervor. Verfolgt wird hier ein stringentes Konzept, das mit wichtigen Autoren und Texten der Literatur des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts bekannt macht, sich aber nicht mit der statischen Darbietung von Wissen begnügt, sondern Einsichten und Lernprozesse provozieren und befördern möchte. Dies jedoch – und hier liegt die wohl größte Stärke des Buchs – in einer Weise, die unaufdringlich dazu verführt, Texte neu, anders und überhaupt zu lesen. Die Sprache, die Alexander Kosenina hierfür gefunden hat, wird auch eine nichtakademische Leserschaft gern zu diesem Buch greifen lassen. Das ist ein seltener Glücksfall." Jan Standke in: IASLonline, 08. September 2009 "Obwohl als Studienbuch konzipiert und natürlich bestens geeignet wegen der Kürze der Darstellung, zeugt diese Quelle von besonderer Kompetenz durch die Auswahl und Darstellung des Materials. Für Studierende bietet deshalb Alexander Košeninas 'Literarische Anthropologie' unter der Prämisse der Neuentdeckung des Menschen eine konzise Einführung ins Thema - für all diejenigen, die davon ausgehend weiterlesen und denken möchten, einen wertvollen Anstoß." Bettina von Jagow in: Jahrbuch Literatur und Medizin, 3 "Alexander Kosenina legt mit 'Literarische Anthropologie. Die Neuentdeckung des Menschen" ein unverzichtbares Studienbuch vor, das auch für das Selbststudium sehr geeignet ist." Susan Mahmody in: literaturkritik.de, Nr.7 Kommentare zum Buch: "Das Studienbuch bietet einen sachkundigen, verständlichen Überblick zur Thematik und eröffnet neue Perspektiven. Besonders der Serviceteil des Buches trägt zur Strukturierung der Lektüre bei." Prof. Dr. Birgit Dahlke, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin "Die sehr gut verständliche, fast schon fesselnde Sprache, sowie der nachvollziehbare Ansatz machen das Buch zu einem Einführungswerk für jeden Literaturwissenschafts- oder Germanistikstudenten der einen Kurs in Literarischer Anthropologie belegt hat. Es ist eines der wenigen Studienbücher, die man gerne liest und die auf Grund des Schreibstils wirklich zur weiteren Beschäftigung anregen. Durch die sehr gute und ausführliche Gliederung, sowie dem Gebrauch vieler Zitate ist es aber auch ein Nachschlagewerk für alle höheren Semester oder fertigen Germanisten und Literaturwissenschaftler." Melanie Witzik, Studentin aus Hof "Košeninas 'Literarische Anthropologie' bietet eine sehr schöne, gut verständliche Einführung in die verschiedenen Aspekte, die die Perspektive der Anthropologie zur Literaturdeutung beizutragen hat. Die Deutungen sind nachvollziehbar und gut erläutert. Selbstverständlich kann in einer solchen Einführung kein ganzes Werk ausgiebig analysiert werden, das soll es auch gar nicht; der Leser/die Leserin wird vielmehr eingeladen, die Ideen selbst weiterzudenken. Die Vielzahl der angesprochenen Texte zeigt, in wie viele Richtungen man bei einer anthropologischen Textdeutung gehen kann und welche neuen Lesarten verschiedenste Werke so gewinnen können." Grit Sündermann, Germanistin aus Marburg. (shrink)

This article considers American writer and filmmaker Chris Kraus’s genre-bending, parodic book I Love Dick as a way to deconstruct divisions that persist between the female “hysteric” and th...

Die 22 Beiträge dieses Bandes begreifen Sprache als Fundamentalkategorie des Menschen. Alles Sprachliche ist nicht zeichentheoretisch zu verstehen, sondern als Ausdruck eines notwendigen Verhältnisses von Wort und Sache. Dies wird am Kritischen der Sprache selbst, am Sprachdenken und am Metaphorischen zu zeigen versucht. Wichtige Erscheinungen des deutschen Sprachdenkens werden vorgestellt. Die problematische Entwicklung des Sprachbegriffs seit dem 19. Jahrhundert erscheint im Tatsachenbegriff, in der Vorstellung der öffentlichen Rede und in der Tendenz zur Mediensprache. Die Stellung der bedeutenden Literatur innerhalb dieser (...) Sprachvorstellung wird ebenso erörtert wie die Mängel und Anpassungsversuche der Literaturwissenschaft in diesem Zusammenhang. Außerdem geht es um die Fragwürdigkeiten der Literaturkritik heute. Die Überlegung zum Sprechen in den Medien geht vom Typus des Journalisten einerseits wie von den zentralen Medienbegriffen, nämlich Nachricht und Meinung, andererseits aus. Kritische Betrachtungen des Umgangs der Medien mit der Metaphorik wie deren Tendenz auf Sprachbeherrschung werden ebenso behandelt wie die historische Medienkritik und Thesen zur sprachkritischen Ethik in den Medien. Die Arbeit von Karl Kraus als bisher wichtigstes Beispiel einer sprachlichen Medienkritik wird dargestellt. Abschließend geht es um den Begriff der Interpretation als zentralen Begriff einer sprachorientierten Wissenschaft. (shrink)

This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. We have represented this book in the same form as it was first published. Hence any marks seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature.

Generelle Morphologie der Organismen - Allgemeine Grundzuge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft mechanisch begrundet durch die von Charles Darwin reformierte Deskendenz-Theorie ist ein unveranderter, hochwertiger Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1866. Hansebooks ist Herausgeber von Literatur zu unterschiedlichen Themengebieten wie Forschung und Wissenschaft, Reisen und Expeditionen, Kochen und Ernahrung, Medizin und weiteren Genres.Der Schwerpunkt des Verlages liegt auf dem Erhalt historischer Literatur.Viele Werke historischer Schriftsteller und Wissenschaftler sind heute nur noch als Antiquitaten erhaltlich. Hansebooks verlegt diese Bucher neu und tragt (...) damit zum Erhalt selten gewordener Literatur und historischem Wissen auch fur die Zukunft bei. (shrink)

This book discusses the philosophical work of Décio Krause. Non-individuality, as a new metaphysical category, was thought to be strongly supported by quantum mechanics. No one did more to promote this idea than the Brazilian philosopher Décio Krause, whose works on the metaphysics and logic of non-individuality are now widely regarded as part of the consolidated literature on the subject. This volume brings together chapters elaborating on the ideas put forward and defended by Krause, developing them in (...) many different directions, commenting on aspects not completely developed so far, and, more importantly, critically addressing their current formulations and defenses by Krause himself. Given that Krause’s ideas do connect directly and indirectly with a wide array of subjects, such as the philosophy of quantum mechanics, more broadly understood, the philosophy of logic and logical philosophy, non-classical logics, metaphysics, and ontology, this volume contains important material for the research on logic and foundations of science, broadly understood. All the invited contributors have already worked with the ideas developed by Décio (some of them still work with them), being also distinct authors and extremely relevant in their areas of expertise. The volume is aimed at philosophers, including those of physics and quantum mechanics. (shrink)

Excerpt from Asthetik und Allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft: In den Grundzugen Dargestellt Dies Buch ist eigentlich schon seit zwei Jahren fertig. Hemmungen und Ablenkungen haben die Veroffentlichung bis heute hintangehalten. Inzwischen sind einige Systeme der Asthetik und sehr viele Einzeluntersuchungen hervorgetreten. Sie wurden mit dem lebhaftesten Gefuhl der Erlcenntlichkeit benutzt, soweit der schon ge spannte Rahmen es erlaubte; aber gemalz dem Charakter dieser Darstellung, die nur Grundzuge bietet, habe ich es vermieden, mich des naheren mit den zufallig jungsten und gerade jetzt (...) bekanntesten Theorien auseinanderzusetzen. Fur die bis ins Einzelste dringende Erorterung scheint mir eine Zeitschrift geeigneter: die soeben begrundete Zeitschrift fur Asthetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschafk wird solchen Forderungen des Tages besser dienen konnen. Ferner habe ich mir im Hinblick auf jene Bucher ernstlich die Frage vorgelegt, ob mein Versuch uberflussig geworden sei. Aus mehreren Grunden glaubte ich doch, verneinend antworten zu durfen. Zunachst tritt die Bemuhung um das Ganze des Gegenstandes hier offenkundiger hervor als in den ubrigen Werken der neueren Literatur. lm vollen BewuBtsein der Tatsache, daBeine umfassende Asthetik aus der Feder eines Mannes ebenso luckenhaft ausfallen mu Bwie etwa die von einem und demselben Autor geschriebene -l(unstgeschichtei, wagte ich das Unternehmen, weil der Vorteil einheitlicher Auffassung mir groBer schien als die unvermeidlichen schaden. jetzt, wo ich denselben Gegenstand in anderer Gliederung vortrage, sehe ich, an wie vielen stellen mir nicht alles nach Wunsch gegluckt ist. Man vollbringt eben selten die Bucher, die man will. Man denkt sie sich bergan, und nachher bleiben sie unbeweglich auf der Ebene. Die ffauptschuld tragt der Geist unseres Zeitalters der Mittelbarkeit, in dem die Beziehung zum Leben zusammenschrumpft und fast nur noch uber Gelesenes gelesen, uber Geschriebenes geschrieben, uber Gesprochenes gesprochen wird. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.". (shrink)