Results for ' characterization'

999 found
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  1. On characterizing the physical.Jessica Wilson - 2006 - Philosophical Studies 131 (1):61-99.
    How should physical entities be characterized? Physicalists, who have most to do with the notion, usually characterize the physical by reference to two components: 1. The physical entities are the entities treated by fundamental physics with the proviso that 2. Physical entities are not fundamentally mental (that is, do not individually possess or bestow mentality) Here I explore the extent to which the appeals to fundamental physics and to the NFM (“no fundamental mentality”) constraint are appropriate for characterizing the physical, (...)
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  2.  32
    A Characterization of Lewisian Causal Models.Jiji Zhang - 2023 - In Natasha Alechina, Andreas Herzig & Fei Liang (eds.), Logic, Rationality, and Interaction: 9th International Workshop, LORI 2023, Jinan, China, October 26–29, 2023, Proceedings. Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 94-108.
    An important component in the interventionist account of causal explanation is an interpretation of counterfactual conditionals as statements about consequences of hypothetical interventions. The interpretation receives a formal treatment in the framework of functional causal models. In Judea Pearl’s influential formulation, functional causal models are assumed to satisfy a “unique-solution” property; this class of Pearlian causal models includes the ones called recursive. Joseph Halpern showed that every recursive causal model is Lewisian, in the sense that from the causal model one (...)
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  3. Characterizations of fuzzy set properties.R. R. Yager - 1998 - In Enrique H. Ruspini, Piero Patrone Bonissone & Witold Pedrycz (eds.), Handbook of fuzzy computation. Philadelphia: Institute of Physics.
     
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  4.  20
    Characterizations of ordinal analysis.James Walsh - 2023 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 174 (4):103230.
    Ordinal analysis is a research program wherein recursive ordinals are assigned to axiomatic theories. According to conventional wisdom, ordinal analysis measures the strength of theories. Yet what is the attendant notion of strength? In this paper we present abstract characterizations of ordinal analysis that address this question. -/- First, we characterize ordinal analysis as a partition of $\Sigma^1_1$-definable and $\Pi^1_1$-sound theories, namely, the partition whereby two theories are equivalent if they have the same proof-theoretic ordinal. We show that no equivalence (...)
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  5. Against characterizing mental states as propositional attitudes.Hanoch Ben-Yami - 1997 - Philosophical Quarterly 47 (186):84-89.
    The reason for characterizing mental states as propositional attitudes is sentence form: ‘S Vs that p’. However, many mental states are not ascribed by means of such sentences, and the sentences that ascribe them cannot be appropriately paraphrased. Moreover, even if a paraphrase were always available, that in itself would not establish the characterization. And the mental states that are ascribable by appropriate senses do not form any natural subset of mental states. A reason for the characterization relying (...)
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  6. Epistemic characterizations of validity and level-bridging principles.Joshua Schechter - 2024 - Philosophical Studies 181 (1):153-178.
    How should we understand validity? A standard way to characterize validity is in terms of the preservation of truth (or truth in a model). But there are several problems facing such characterizations. An alternative approach is to characterize validity epistemically, for instance in terms of the preservation of an epistemic status. In this paper, I raise a problem for such views. First, I argue that if the relevant epistemic status is factive, such as being in a position to know or (...)
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  7. Characterizing quantum theory in terms of information-theoretic constraints.Rob Clifton, Jeffrey Bub & Hans Halvorson - 2002 - Foundations of Physics 33 (11):1561-1591.
    We show that three fundamental information-theoretic constraints -- the impossibility of superluminal information transfer between two physical systems by performing measurements on one of them, the impossibility of broadcasting the information contained in an unknown physical state, and the impossibility of unconditionally secure bit commitment -- suffice to entail that the observables and state space of a physical theory are quantum-mechanical. We demonstrate the converse derivation in part, and consider the implications of alternative answers to a remaining open question about (...)
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  8.  32
    Combinatorial characterization of $\Pi^11$ -indescribability in $P{\kappa}\lambda$.Yoshihiro Abe - 1998 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 37 (4):261-272.
    It is proved that $\Pi^1_1$ -indescribability in $P_{\kappa}\lambda$ can be characterized by combinatorial properties without taking care of cofinality of $\lambda$ . We extend Carr's theorem proving that the hypothesis $\kappa$ is $2^{\lambda^{<\kappa}}$ -Shelah is rather stronger than $\kappa$ is $\lambda$ -supercompact.
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  9.  15
    Characterizing Clinical Ethics Consultations: The Need for a Standardized Typology of Cases.Armand H. Matheny Antommaria - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (5):18-20.
    Critical reflection on clinical ethics consultation is essential to the field. Johnson and colleagues (2015) have helpfully summarized the consultation experience of a children's specialty hospital...
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  10.  16
    A characterization of MV-algebras free over finite distributive lattices.Vincenzo Marra - 2008 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 47 (3):263-276.
    Mundici has recently established a characterization of free finitely generated MV-algebras similar in spirit to the representation of the free Boolean algebra with a countably infinite set of free generators as any Boolean algebra that is countable and atomless. No reference to universal properties is made in either theorem. Our main result is an extension of Mundici’s theorem to the whole class of MV-algebras that are free over some finite distributive lattice.
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  11.  72
    On Characterizing Efficient and Properly Efficient Solutions for Multi- Objective Programming Problems in a Complex Space.Alhanouf Alburaikan, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa & Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering 16 (2):369-375.
    In this paper, a complex non- linear programming problem with the two parts (real and imaginary) is considered. The efficient and proper efficient solutions in terms of optimal solutions of related appropriate scalar optimization problems are characterized. Also, the Kuhn-Tuckers' conditions for efficiency and proper efficiency are derived. This paper is divided into two independently parts: The first provides the relationships between the optimal solutions of a complex single-objective optimization problem and solutions of two related real programming problems. The second (...)
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  12. Characterizing generics are material inference tickets: a proof-theoretic analysis.Preston Stovall - 2019 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy (5):668-704.
    An adequate semantics for generic sentences must stake out positions across a range of contested territory in philosophy and linguistics. For this reason the study of generic sentences is a venue for investigating different frameworks for understanding human rationality as manifested in linguistic phenomena such as quantification, classification of individuals under kinds, defeasible reasoning, and intensionality. Despite the wide variety of semantic theories developed for generic sentences, to date these theories have been almost universally model-theoretic and representational. This essay outlines (...)
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  13. A Categorical Characterization of Accessible Domains.Patrick Walsh - 2019 - Dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University
    Inductively defined structures are ubiquitous in mathematics; their specification is unambiguous and their properties are powerful. All fields of mathematical logic feature these structures prominently: the formula of a language, the set of theorems, the natural numbers, the primitive recursive functions, the constructive number classes and segments of the cumulative hierarchy of sets. -/- This dissertation gives a mathematical characterization of a species of inductively defined structures, called accessible domains, which include all of the above examples except the set (...)
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  14.  40
    Characterization of the existence of semicontinuous weak utilities for binary relations.Athanasios Andrikopoulos - 2011 - Theory and Decision 70 (1):13-26.
    We characterize the existence of semicontinuous weak utilities in a general framework, where the axioms of transitivity and acyclicity are relaxed to that of consistency in the sense of Suzumura (Economica 43:381–390, 1976). This kind of representations allow us to transfer the problem of the existence of the ${{\mathcal{G}}{\mathcal{O}}{\mathcal{C}}{\mathcal{H}}{\mathcal{A}}}$ set of a binary relation to the easier problem of getting maxima of a real function. Finally, we show that the maxima of these representations correspond to the different levels of satiation (...)
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  15. On Characterizing Metaphysical Naturalism.Lok-Chi Chan - 2021 - Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Mind 1:232-260.
    The disciplinary characterisation (DC) is the most popular approach to defining metaphysical naturalism and physicalism. It defines metaphysical naturalism with reference to scientific theories and defines physicalism with reference to physical theories, and suggests that every entity that exists is a posited entity of these theories. DC has been criticised for its inability to solve Hempel’s dilemma and a list of problems alike. In this paper, I propose and defend a novel version of DC that can be called a historical (...)
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  16.  11
    Characterizing acceptability semantics of argumentation frameworks with recursive attack and support relations.Sebastian Gottifredi, Andrea Cohen, Alejandro J. García & Guillermo R. Simari - 2018 - Artificial Intelligence 262 (C):336-368.
    Over the last decade, several extensions of Dung’s Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (AFs) have been introduced in the literature. Some of these extensions concern the nature of the attack relation, such as the consideration of recursive attacks, whereas others incorporate additional interactions, such as a support relation. Recently, the Attack–Support Argumentation Framework (ASAF) was proposed, which accounts for recursive attacks and supports, attacks to supports and supports to attacks, at any level, where the support relation is interpreted as necessity. Currently, to (...)
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  17.  10
    Semantic characterization of rational closure: From propositional logic to description logics.L. Giordano, V. Gliozzi, N. Olivetti & G. L. Pozzato - 2015 - Artificial Intelligence 226 (C):1-33.
  18.  41
    Some characterization theorems for infinitary universal horn logic without equality.Pilar Dellunde & Ramon Jansana - 1996 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 61 (4):1242-1260.
    In this paper we mainly study preservation theorems for two fragments of the infinitary languagesLκκ, withκregular, without the equality symbol: the universal Horn fragment and the universal strict Horn fragment. In particular, whenκisω, we obtain the corresponding theorems for the first-order case.The universal Horn fragment of first-order logic (with equality) has been extensively studied; for references see [10], [7] and [8]. But the universal Horn fragment without equality, used frequently in logic programming, has received much less attention from the model (...)
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  19.  23
    Characterization of □κin core models.Ernest Schimmerling & Martin Zeman - 2004 - Journal of Mathematical Logic 4 (01):1-72.
    We present a general construction of a □κ-sequence in Jensen's fine structural extender models. This construction yields a local definition of a canonical □κ-sequence as well as a characterization of those cardinals κ, for which the principle □κ fails. Such cardinals are called subcompact and can be described in terms of elementary embeddings. Our construction is carried out abstractly, making use only of a few fine structural properties of levels of the model, such as solidity and condensation.
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  20. Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction.F. Xavier Castellanos, Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke, Michael P. Milham & Rosemary Tannock - 2006 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (3):117-123.
  21.  13
    Characterizing Motor Control of Mastication With Soft Actor-Critic.Amir H. Abdi, Benedikt Sagl, Venkata P. Srungarapu, Ian Stavness, Eitan Prisman, Purang Abolmaesumi & Sidney Fels - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14:523954.
    The human masticatory system is a complex functional unit characterized by a multitude of skeletal components, muscles, soft tissues, and teeth. Muscle activation dynamics cannot be directly measured on live human subjects due to ethical, safety, and accessibility limitations. Therefore, estimation of muscle activations and their resultant forces is a longstanding and active area of research. Reinforcement learning (RL) is an adaptive learning strategy which is inspired by the behavioral psychology and enables an agent to learn the dynamics of an (...)
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  22.  9
    Axiomatic characterizations of the constrained probabilistic serial mechanism.Mustafa Oğuz Afacan - 2023 - Theory and Decision 95 (3):465-484.
    Afacan (Games and Economic Behavior 110: 71-89, 2018) introduces an object allocation with random priorities problem. He proposes the constrained probabilistic serial (CPS) mechanism. This study, for the first time in the literature, provides axiomatic characterizations of CPS. The first result characterizes it via non-wastefulness, claimwise stability, constrained ordinal fairness, and surplus invariance to truncations. The other axiomatizes CPS via constrained stochastic efficiency, claimwise stability, and constrained ordinal fairness. The independence of the axioms is provided.
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  23.  12
    Characterizing Moral Realism.Jude Edeh - forthcoming - Symposion. Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences.
    Jude Edeh ABSTRACT: The challenge faced with the proliferation of various kinds of cognitivism is the difficulty of providing a straightforward characterization of moral realism and antirealism. In light of this tension, I identified a problem in Sayre-McCord’s way of specifying the criteria of moral realism. Furthermore, I provided a framework that characterized the moral ….
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  24.  30
    Characterization of the process of evaluation of the learning of statistical content in medicine.Arnaldo Espindola Artola, José Manuel Ruiz Socarrás, Olga Lidia Pérez González, Gladys María Díaz García & Raudel López Benítez - 2013 - Humanidades Médicas 13 (1):177-192.
    Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar el proceso de evaluación del aprendizaje del contenido estadístico en la carrera de Medicina. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que el nivel de asimilación alcanzado por los estudiantes en muchas ocasiones es el reproductivo, lo que refleja la necesidad de seguir profundizando en los estudios de esta problemática. Issues related to the learning evaluation have been present throughout the teaching learning process history. The following research aims at characterizing the learning process of evaluation of the (...)
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  25.  12
    Characterization of the assessable professional performance of statistical information in medical students.Arnaldo Espindola Artola, Evelio F. Machado Ramírez, Cila E. Mola Reyes & Reinaldo Sampedro Ruiz - 2017 - Humanidades Médicas 17 (1):107-123.
    El Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano ha otorgado especial importancia al tema relacionado con el desempeño profesional evaluativo de la información estadística en los profesionales de la salud, pero una revisión bibliográfica permitió constatar el insuficiente debate pedagógico encaminado a diagnosticar su estado actual para proponer alternativas que permitan su formación y desarrollo en los estudiantes. Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar el desempeño profesional evaluativo de la información estadística en estudiantes de Medicina. Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de (...)
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  26.  85
    Normative Characterization in Biological and Cognitive Explanations.Mark Bauer - 2015 - Theoria: Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 30 (2):271-286.
    Normative characterization is a commonplace feature of biological and cognitive explanation. Such language seems to commit the biological and cognitive sciences to the existence of natural norms, but it is also difficult to understand how such normativity fits into a natural world of physical causes and forces. I propose to map normativity onto systems stabilized by counteractive constraints. Such a mapping, I believe, can explain normativity’s causal-explanatory role in biological and cognitive inquiry. The common approach in the literature is (...)
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  27.  82
    A characterization of the maximin rule in the context of voting.Ronan Congar & Vincent Merlin - 2012 - Theory and Decision 72 (1):131-147.
    In a voting context, when the preferences of voters are described by linear orderings over a finite set of alternatives, the Maximin rule orders the alternatives according to their minimal rank in the voters’ preferences. It is equivalent to the Fallback bargaining process described by Brams and Kilgour (Group Decision and Negotiation 10:287–316, 2001). This article proposes a characterization of the Maximin rule as a social welfare function (SWF) based upon five conditions: Neutrality, Duplication, Unanimity, Top Invariance, and Weak (...)
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  28. Characterizing the Imaginative Attitude.Nicholas Wiltsher - 2019 - Philosophical Papers 48 (3):437-469.
    Three thoughts strongly influence recent work on sensory imagination, often without explicit articulation. The image thought says that all mental states involving a mental image are imaginative. The attitude thought says that, if there is a distinctive imaginative attitude, it is a single, monolithic attitude. The function thought says that the functions of sensory imagination are identical or akin to functions of other mental states such as judgment or belief. Taken together, these thoughts create a theoretical context within which eliminativism (...)
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  29.  50
    Characterizing Motherese: On the Computational Structure of Child-Directed Language.Shimon Edelman - unknown
    We report a quantitative analysis of the cross-utterance coordination observed in child-directed language, where successive utterances often overlap in a manner that makes their constituent structure more prominent, and describe the application of a recently published unsupervised algorithm for grammar induction to the largest available corpus of such language, producing a grammar capable of accepting and generating novel wellformed sentences. We also introduce a new corpus-based method for assessing the precision and recall of an automatically acquired generative grammar without recourse (...)
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  30.  23
    Characterization of the synaptic mechanisms underlying seizure onset with Dynamic Causal Modelling.Papadopoulou Margarita, Leite Marco, Vonck Kristl, Friston Karl & Marinazzo Daniele - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  31. Characterizing PSPACE with pointers.Isabel Oitavem - 2008 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 54 (3):323-329.
    This paper gives an implicit characterization of the class of functions computable in polynomial space by deterministic Turing machines – PSPACE. It gives an inductive characterization of PSPACE with no ad-hoc initial functions and with only one recursion scheme. The main novelty of this characterization is the use of pointers to reach PSPACE. The presence of the pointers in the recursion on notation scheme is the main difference between this characterization of PSPACE and the well-known Bellantoni-Cook (...)
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  32. Characterizing spontaneous irregular behavior in coupled map lattices.Harald Atmanspacher - manuscript
    Two-dimensional coupled map lattices display, in a specific parameter range, a stable phase (quasi-) periodic in both space and time. With small changes to the model parameters, this stable phase develops spontaneous eruptions of nonperiodic behavior. Although this behavior itself appears irregular, it can be characterized in a systematic fashion. In particular, parameter-independent features of the spontaneous eruptions may allow useful empirical characterizations of other phenomena that are intrinsically hard to predict and reproduce. Specific features of the distributions of lifetimes (...)
     
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  33.  50
    Characterizing large cardinals in terms of layered posets.Sean Cox & Philipp Lücke - 2017 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 168 (5):1112-1131.
  34.  60
    Characterizing Non-existents.Frederick Kroon - 1996 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 51 (1):163-193.
    Consider predicates like 'is a fictional character' and 'is a mythical object'. Since their ascription entails a corresponding Negative Existential claim, call these 'NE-characterizing predicates'. Objectualists such as Parsons, Sylvan, van Inwagen, and Zalta think that NE-characterizing properties are genuine properties of genuinely non-existent objects. But how, then, to make room for statements like 'Vulcan is a failed posit' and 'that little green man is a trick of the light'? The predicates involved seem equally NE-characterizing yet on the surface fail (...)
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  35. Syntactic characterizations of first-order structures in mathematical fuzzy logic.Guillermo Badia, Pilar Dellunde, Vicent Costa & Carles Noguera - forthcoming - Soft Computing.
    This paper is a contribution to graded model theory, in the context of mathematical fuzzy logic. We study characterizations of classes of graded structures in terms of the syntactic form of their first-order axiomatization. We focus on classes given by universal and universal-existential sentences. In particular, we prove two amalgamation results using the technique of diagrams in the setting of structures valued on a finite MTL-algebra, from which analogues of the Łoś–Tarski and the Chang–Łoś–Suszko preservation theorems follow.
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  36.  16
    Combinatorial characterization of [mathematical formula]-indescribability in [mathematical formula].Yoshihiro Abe - 1997 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 36 (4-5).
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  37.  57
    A characterization of Martin's axiom in terms of absoluteness.Joan Bagaria - 1997 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 62 (2):366-372.
    Martin's axiom is equivalent to the statement that the universe is absolute under ccc forcing extensions for Σ 1 sentences with a subset of $\kappa, \kappa , as a parameter.
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  38.  13
    Characterizing Human Expertise Using Computational Metrics of Feature Diagnosticity in a Pattern Matching Task.Thomas Busey, Dimitar Nikolov, Chen Yu, Brandi Emerick & John Vanderkolk - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (7):1716-1759.
    Forensic evidence often involves an evaluation of whether two impressions were made by the same source, such as whether a fingerprint from a crime scene has detail in agreement with an impression taken from a suspect. Human experts currently outperform computer-based comparison systems, but the strength of the evidence exemplified by the observed detail in agreement must be evaluated against the possibility that some other individual may have created the crime scene impression. Therefore, the strongest evidence comes from features in (...)
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  39.  37
    A Characterization of Probability-based Dichotomous Belief Revision.Sven Ove Hansson - 2021 - Studia Logica 110 (2):511-543.
    This article investigates the properties of multistate top revision, a dichotomous model of belief revision that is based on an underlying model of probability revision. A proposition is included in the belief set if and only if its probability is either 1 or infinitesimally close to 1. Infinitesimal probabilities are used to keep track of propositions that are currently considered to have negligible probability, so that they are available if future information makes them more plausible. Multistate top revision satisfies a (...)
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  40. Some characterizations of parseval frame wavelet.Guochang Wu Junmin Wang - 2009 - In L. Magnani (ed.), Computational Intelligence.
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  41.  32
    Equational characterization of Nelson algebra.Diana Brignole - 1969 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 10 (3):285-297.
  42.  35
    Characterization of the reduced matrices for the {∧,∨}-fragment of classical logic.J. M. Font, F. Guzmán & V. Verdú - 1991 - Bulletin of the Section of Logic 20 (3/4):124-128.
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  43. Characterizing Negation to Face Dialetheism.Francesco Berto - 2006 - Logique Et Analyse 49 (195):241-263.
  44. Special Characterizations of Standard Discrete Models.Julio Michael Stern & Carlos Alberto de Braganca Pereira - 2008 - RevStat – Statistical Journal 6:199-230.
    This article presents important properties of standard discrete distributions and its conjugate densities. The Bernoulli and Poisson processes are described as generators of such discrete models. A characterization of distributions by mixtures is also introduced. This article adopts a novel singular notation and representation. Singular representations are unusual in statistical texts. Nevertheless, the singular notation makes it simpler to extend and generalize theoretical results and greatly facilitates numerical and computational implementation.
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  45.  13
    Characterization of NIP theories by ordered graph-indiscernibles.Lynn Scow - 2012 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 163 (11):1624-1641.
    We generalize the Unstable Formula Theorem characterization of stable theories from Shelah [11], that a theory T is stable just in case any infinite indiscernible sequence in a model of T is an indiscernible set. We use a generalized form of indiscernibles from [11], in our notation, a sequence of parameters from an L-structure M, , indexed by an L′-structure I is L′-generalized indiscernible inM if qftpL′=qftpL′ implies tpL=tpL for all same-length, finite ¯,j from I. Let Tg be the (...)
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  46.  11
    Companionability characterization for the expansion of an o-minimal theory by a dense subgroup.Alexi Block Gorman - 2023 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 174 (10):103316.
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  47.  23
    Characterizing observers using external noise and observer models: Assessing internal representations with external noise.Zhong-Lin Lu & Barbara Anne Dosher - 2008 - Psychological Review 115 (1):44-82.
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  48.  73
    Characterizing the robustness of science: after the practice turn in philosophy of science.Lena Soler (ed.) - 2012 - New York: Springer Verlag.
    Featuring contributions from the world’s leading experts on the subject and based partly on several detailed case studies, this volume is the first comprehensive analysis of the scientific notion of robustness as well as of the general ...
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  49.  48
    Characterizing equivalential and algebraizable logics by the Leibniz operator.Burghard Herrmann - 1997 - Studia Logica 58 (2):305-323.
    In [14] we used the term finitely algebraizable for algebraizable logics in the sense of Blok and Pigozzi [2] and we introduced possibly infinitely algebraizable, for short, p.i.-algebraizable logics. In the present paper, we characterize the hierarchy of protoalgebraic, equivalential, finitely equivalential, p.i.-algebraizable, and finitely algebraizable logics by properties of the Leibniz operator. A Beth-style definability result yields that finitely equivalential and finitely algebraizable as well as equivalential and p.i.-algebraizable logics can be distinguished by injectivity of the Leibniz operator. Thus, (...)
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  50.  22
    Characterizations of pretameness and the Ord-cc.Peter Holy, Regula Krapf & Philipp Schlicht - 2018 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 169 (8):775-802.
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