The evaluation of study habits as determinant factors in academic performance is a concern for educational agents because they determine the academic opportunities of students. However, a problem encountered is the accessibility of valid and reliable instruments to evaluate study habits from the students' point of view. In this sense, this paper analyzes the internal structure, reliability, and rating of the study habits perception questionnaire. The results and the practical contribution to the educational community in guiding intervention to improve students' (...) academic opportunities are discussed. (shrink)

Considering the prevalence of sexual harassment, especially in university contexts, it is essential to have a validated instrument to identify these characteristics in the educational community. For this reason, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric processes of the sexual harassment scale on university campuses. Using an instrumental design and a sample of 927 students, it was found that the values of the evidence of construct validity and reliability are acceptable. The practical implications of validating the instrument that will allow (...) the identification of sexual harassment problems to promote symmetrical coexistence between men and women are highlighted. (shrink)

La evaluación es un aspecto que predomina en la educación, pero que necesita ser repensada. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la noción de evaluación en la sociedad actual y propone una alternativa a lo que ella podría y debería ser. Como resultado de un estudio crítico del papel de la evaluación en la educación actual, decidimos llevar a cabo un análisis hermenéutico de la influencia del concepto original de evaluación en la posibilidad de alejarse de la tributación del sujeto y su (...) actual pornificación. A través de una discusión sobre el papel de la evaluación en la sociedad contemporánea y su verdadera naturaleza, los autores proponen un cambio de mirada sobre la evaluación como un mero complemento al plan de estudios a otra que considere cómo una filosofía de la evaluación podría transformar profundamente la educación y la sociedad. (shrink)

The pandemic motivated nutrition and healthy living to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The objective is to analyze and describe the perspectives of post-pandemic lifestyles of university students, using the quantitative cross-sectional method with non-probabilistic sampling and survey that measures the nutritional level and level of physical activities, 1033 university students participated. The results showed that the measurement instrument in the Peruvian context is acceptable and that the level of lifestyle is moderate. In conclusion, nutritional policies and physical activities should be (...) considered in universities so that university students practice a healthy lifestyle and take care of their health. (shrink)

This book challenges the traditional idea that religions can be understood primarily as texts to be interpreted, decoded, or translated. In More Than Belief, Manuel A. Vásquez argues for a new way of studying religions, one that sees them as dynamic material and historical expressions of the practices of embodied individuals who are embedded in social fields and ecological networks. He sketches the outlines of this approach through a focus on body, practices, and space. In order to highlight the centrality (...) of these dimensions of religious experience and performance, Vásquez recovers materialist currents within religious studies that have been consistently ignored or denigrated. Drawing on state-of-the-art work in fields as diverse as anthropology, sociology, philosophy, critical theory, environmental studies, cognitive psychology, and the neurosciences, Vásquez offers a groundbreaking new way of looking at religion. (shrink)

En el Santiago del siglo XVIII, los ajustes urbanísticos y sociales emanados de las autoridades se tradujeron en prácticas y representaciones, institucionales y de las otras, que involucraron a todos los habitantes de la ciudad. La actuación decidida de algunos alcaldes, como los de Aguas y los de Barrio, implicó el acomodo de voluntades e intereses, y también el enfrentamiento violento de cuerpos y de subjetividades, los que han quedado registrados en los pleitos por injuria seguidos en tribunales de primera (...) y de última instancia. El análisis comparado de dos casos puntuales, con el auxilio de preguntas y miradas propias de las ciencias sociales, enriquece el conocimiento de la dinámica vida cotidiana en la capital del reino durante el último siglo colonial. (shrink)

El ensayo parte de la premisa que el método científico funciona como un dispositivo de generación de verdades articuladas con estrategias de ejercicio del poder. Los argumentos desarrollados giran en torno a una crítica de la supremacía de la ciencia formal en el quehacer científico social y el uso ..

En la siguiente exposición se propone un comentario de la obra del filósofo cubano Pablo Guadarrama González, denominada Pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano. Humanismo, método e historia. La perspectiva humanista que es postulada contiene una serie de precisiones que son analizadas en sus implicaciones teóricas y prácticas. Asimismo, se extiende su estudio de las ideas filosóficas a distintos momentos del desarrollo particular seguido en América Latina, al igual que está acompañada esta tarea historiográfica de consideraciones metodológicas que resultan significativas. Desde el conjunto (...) de temas planteados por el autor se retoman sus aportes en relación a debates que se inscriben en el cruce disciplinario de la filosofía y la historia de las ideas, que se ubican inicialmente en el contexto latinoamericano pero aspiran a una proyección con alcances universales. We comment the Cuban philosopher Pablo Guadarrama González’s Latin American philosophical thinking. Humanism, method and history. The humanistic perspective posited therein contains some assumptions that we analyze in their theoretical and practical implications. Furthermore, we extend his study of philosophical ideas to different moments of Latin America’s particular development, being this historiographic task accompanied by significant methodological considerations. Of all the themes posed by this author, we take his contributions to the debates raised in the interdisciplinary intersection of philosophy and the history of ideas, initially located in a Latin American context but with universal projection. (shrink)

La participación - entendida como la influencia e intervención de la ciudadanía en asuntos públicos y en el sistema político- requiere de mayores capacidades de acción y posicionamiento. Por lo tanto, el estudio del poder al interior de la sociedad civil es un tema central, más aun entendiendo el contexto actual de movimientos sociales y fenómenos que establecen una nueva relación entre sociedad civil y Estado. De esta forma, el siguiente artículo indaga en distintas perspectivas teóricas estableciendo la “paradoja del (...) poder”, a través de la cual la organización y coordinación de la comunidad en asociaciones, provee mayores capacidades de acción y empoderamiento de la colectividad (mayor participación); a la vez que puede generar la elitización y concentración del poder en un grupo dirigencial que no represente la totalidad de los intereses de la comunidad (menor participación). (shrink)

A “Critical Perspectives” article in the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry on scientific integrity in Brazil summarizes several misconduct cases documented therein . To further reinforce the responsible conduct of research in developing countries and to fight against the unaccountability of many editors , we describe here a Mexican instance of alleged in-house plagiarism .In June 2011, we submitted a “Correspondence” note to a Nature group journal to expose what we claimed to be a breach of collegiality and inappropriate authorship in (...) a three-page mutation report just published in that journal. Our main complaints were two: the surreptitious way in which we believed that both displayed metaphases in that report had been obtained from our files by a local colleague and then published without our consent and the massive easy-on co-authorship: 14 out of 21 co-authors declared just to have “provided clinical material.” In c .. (shrink)

Cultural evolution studies are characterized by the notion that culture evolves accordingly to broadly Darwinian principles. Yet how far the analogy between cultural and genetic evolution should be pushed is open to debate. Here, we examine a recent disagreement that concerns the extent to which cultural transmission should be considered a preservative mechanism allowing selection among different variants, or a transformative process in which individuals recreate variants each time they are transmitted. The latter is associated with the notion of “cultural (...) attraction”. This issue has generated much misunderstanding and confusion. We first clarify the respective positions, noting that there is in fact no substantive incompatibility between cultural attraction and standard cultural evolution approaches, beyond a difference in focus. Whether cultural transmission should be considered a preservative or reconstructive process is ultimately an empirical question, and we examine how both preservative and reconstructive cultural transmission has been studied in recent experimental research in cultural evolution. Finally, we discuss how the relative importance of preservative and reconstructive processes may depend on the granularity of analysis and the domain being studied. (shrink)

En este texto se desarrollará una temática problemática y dilemática en tanto que se hará una reflexión sobre los efectos de la pandemia para las personas. Se afirmará que esta pandemia ha dejado enfermedades por tratar y curar; estas enfermedades no son solo del cuerpo; nos ha dejado entender la necesidad de cuidado de sí como un cuidado también del otro. Por esto, planear y proponer algunas virtudes que orienten dicha búsqueda de sabiduría. El texto consta de seis partes donde (...) se enmarcará la pandemia como el problema a abordar, luego se tratará el asunto de la acción humana y sus implicaciones para sí mismo y para el otro; estas acciones provienen de la autonomía y del cuidado de sí que requiere unas virtudes con las cuales se transforma a la persona y a la comunidad. (shrink)

In Ockhamist branching-time logic [Prior 67], formulas are meant to be evaluated on a specified branch, or history, passing through the moment at hand. The linguistic counterpart of the manifoldness of future is a possibility operator which is read as `at some branch, or history (passing through the moment at hand)'. Both the bundled-trees semantics [Burgess 79] and the $\langle moment, history\rangle$ semantics [Thomason 84] for the possibility operator involve a quantification over sets of moments. The Ockhamist frames are (3-modal) (...) Kripke structures in which this second-order quantification is represented by a first-order quantification. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the notions of modal definability, validity, and axiomatizability concerning 3-modal frames which can be viewed as generalizations of Ockhamist frames. (shrink)

Podríamos decir que el pluralismo es la cara afirmativa de la tolerancia y su última justificación. Por ello volvemos a la descripción fenomenológica del modo como se nos da el mundouno. En el retorno al origen de la filosofía y la ciencia en Grecia descubre la fenomenología que el sentido originario del mundo de la vida es por esencia multicultural. En efecto, en actitud precientífica se da el mundo en cada cultura desde sus propias tradiciones, mitos y costumbres. Cada cultura (...) tiende a identificar su visión del mundo con el mundouno: se vuelve intolerante y pretende dominar otras culturas. [Fragmento]. (shrink)

En este texto se espera evidenciar por qué y cómo el tono sencillo y amistoso de la epístola permite que las doctrinas filosóficas se aprendan y se realice la interiorización de las mismas. Se mostrará que Sócrates, el personaje histórico y ficcional de Platón, es un antecedente de este modo de filosofar; seguidamente se caracterizará la misiva como “medio diálogo” por la forma en que ésta, siendo consciente de las peculiaridades del interlocutor, se apoya en el estilo llano y coloquial (...) y en la relación filial entre los interlocutores ficticios. (shrink)

A completeness theorem is established for logics with congruence endowed with general semantics (in the style of general frames). As a corollary, completeness is shown to be preserved by fibring logics with congruence provided that congruence is retained in the resulting logic. The class of logics with equivalence is shown to be closed under fibring and to be included in the class of logics with congruence. Thus, completeness is shown to be preserved by fibring logics with equivalence and general semantics. (...) An example is provided showing that completeness is not always preserved by fibring ligics endowed with standard (non general) semantics. A categorial characterization of fibring is provided using coproducts and cocartesian liftings. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende mostrar que la formación clásica recibida en el Seminario de San Antonio Abad en el siglo xvii del Cuzco virreinal fue determinante en los procesos de alegorización que están en la base del proyecto intelectual del ciclo de azulejos de la capilla de la Inmaculada Concepción de la Catedral de Lima, concebido por Vasco de Contreras y Valverde, y del panegírico a la Inmaculada escrito por Espinosa Medrano en 1670. Su forma particular de alegorizar resulta ser (...) una recepción de la tradición clásica particularmente americana. (shrink)

En este texto se espera evidenciar por qué y cómo el tono sencillo y amistoso de la epístola permite que las doctrinas filosóficas se aprendan y se realice la interiorización de las mismas. Se mostrará que Sócrates, el personaje histórico y ficcional de Platón, es un antecedente de este modo de filosofar; seguidamente se caracterizará la misiva como “medio diálogo” por la forma en que ésta, siendo consciente de las peculiaridades del interlocutor, se apoya en el estilo llano y coloquial (...) y en la relación filial entre los interlocutores ficticios. (shrink)

In Republic X Plato dismisses any possibility for dramatic genres to be useful, not even for a controlled release of passions. Therefore, the Aristotelian approach of catharsis has been comprehended as a response to this refusal. However, in the Laws, Plato reconsiders and suggests a sense in which the tragedy, or put in a better way, the tragic character, has a place in the good life. But at the same time it implies a restructuring of his positions on the nature (...) of the soul and the relationship between its parts. This paper aims to evidence these two Platonic approaches and to show that instead of a contradiction, what underlies to this tension is the recognition of the crucial and paradoxical role of emotion in human life. (shrink)

Resumen En Repúbiica X Platón descarta la posibilidad de que los géneros dramaticos tengan alguna utilidad, siquiera para la liberación controlada de las pasiones. Por ello, se ha leido el planteamiento aristotèlico de la catarsis como una respuesta a esa negativa. Sin embargo, en las Leyes Platón reconsidera y plantea un sentido en el que la tragedia, o mas bien el caracter tragico, tiene un lugar dentro de la vida buena. Mas ello implica, a la par, una reestructuración de sus (...) posiciones sobre la naturaleza del alma y la relación de sus partes. Este texto pretende poner en evidencia esas dos posiciones platónicas y mostrar cómo, mas que una contradicción, lo que subyace a la tensión es un reconocimiento del papel paradójico y crucial que juega la emoción en la vida humana.In Republic X Plato dismisses any possibility for dramatic genres to be useful, not even for a controlled release of passions. Therefore, the Aristotelian approach of catharsis has been comprehended as a response to this refusal. However, in the Laws, Plato reconsiders and suggests a sense in which the tragedy, or put in a better way, the tragic character, has a place in the good life. But at the same time it implies a restructuring of his positions on the nature of the soul and the relationship between its parts. This paper aims to evidence these two Platonic approaches and to show that instead of a contradiction, what underlies to this tension is the recognition of the crucial and paradoxical role of emotion in human life. (shrink)

We present a psychometric test of life history theory as applied to human individual differences using MIDUS survey data (Brim et al. 2000). Twenty scales measuring cognitive and behavioral dimensions theoretically related to life history strategy were constructed using items from the MIDUS survey. These scales were used to construct a single common factor, the K-factor, which accounted for 70% of the reliable variance. The scales used included measures of personal, familial, and social function. A second common factor, Covitality, was (...) constructed from scales for physical and mental health. Finally, a single general factor, Personality, was constructed from scales for the “Big Five” factors of personality. The K-factor, covitality factor, and general personality factor correlated significantly with each other, supporting the prediction that high K predicts high somatic effort and also manifests in behavioral display. Thus, a single higher-order common factor, the Super-K factor, was constructed that consisted of the K-factor, covitality factor, and personality factor. (shrink)

People’s awareness of tactile stimuli has been investigated in far less detail than their awareness of stimuli in other sensory modalities. In an attempt to fill this gap, we provide an overview of studies that are pertinent to the topic of tactile consciousness. We discuss the results of research that has investigated phenomena such as “change blindness”, phantom limb sensations, and numerosity judgments in tactile perception, together with the results obtained from the study of patients affected by deficits that can (...) adversely affect tactile perception such as neglect, extinction, and numbsense. The similarities as well as some of the important differences that have emerged when visual and tactile conscious information processing have been compared using similar experimental procedures are highlighted. We suggest that conscious information processing in the tactile modality cannot be separated completely from the more general processing of spatial information in the brain. Finally, the importance of considering tactile consciousness within the larger framework of multisensory information processing is also discussed. (shrink)

In just the last decade, many conference proceedings have been published on Plato’s Timaeus and its influence on the history of philosophy. The present vo­lume, which is the result of a symposium held at Seoul National University in September 2011, testifies to the enduring and widespread interest the Platonic dia­logue is able to elicit. The nine studies here collected by Euree Song center on the figure of the demiurge as maker of the world and they all deal with authors who, (...) while having di... (shrink)

This major publication is a history of the semantic tradition in philosophy from the early nineteenth century through its incarnation in the work of the Vienna Circle, the group of logical positivists that emerged in the years 1925-1935 in Vienna who were characterised by a strong commitment to empiricism, a high regard for science, and a conviction that modern logic is the primary tool of analytic philosophy. In the first part of the book, Alberto Coffa traces the roots of (...) logical positivism in a semantic tradition that arose in opposition to Kant's theory that a priori knowledge is based on pure intuition and the constitutive powers of the mind. In Part II, Coffa chronicles the development of this tradition by members and associates of the Vienna Circle. Much of Coffa's analysis draws on the unpublished notes and correspondence of many philosophers. The book, however, is not merely a history of the semantic tradition from Kant 'to the Vienna Station'. Coffa also critically reassesses the role of semantic notions in understanding the ground of a priori knowledge and its relation to empirical knowledge and questions the turn the tradition has taken since Vienna. (shrink)

This open access book discusses individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to vaccination from the perspective of philosophy and public health ethics. It addresses the issue of what it means for a collective to be morally responsible for the realisation of herd immunity and what the implications of collective responsibility are for individual and institutional responsibilities. The first chapter introduces some key concepts in the vaccination debate, such as ‘herd immunity’, ‘public goods’, and ‘vaccine refusal’; and explains why failure (...) to vaccinate raises certain ethical issues. The second chapter analyses, from a philosophical perspective, the relationship between individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to the realisation of herd immunity. The third chapter is about the principle of least restrictive alternative in public health ethics and its implications for vaccination policies. Finally, the fourth chapter presents an ethical argument for unqualified compulsory vaccination, i.e. for compulsory vaccination that does not allow for any conscientious objection. The book will appeal to philosophers interested in public health ethics and the general public interested in the philosophical underpinning of different arguments about our moral obligations with regard to vaccination. (shrink)

Conversación entre Alberto Ciria, ganador del premio anual 2015 a la promoción de la filosofía y la cultura en Málaga que entrega FICUM, y Alejandro Rojas (presidente de FICUM) en torno a la pregunta ¿qué es para ti la filosofía?