This article presents results from a self-report survey of misconduct behaviours and the stress students (n = 916) experienced at one Canadian community college. Results showed that students engaged in a variety of contract cheating behaviours, and experienced a myriad of stressors both in and outside the college context, including traumatic life events. Those who engaged in commercial contract cheating and inappropriate sharing behaviours experienced significantly higher levels of stress. This result differed by type of stress suggesting that not all (...) stress may lead to violation behaviour. Results also suggest that some students are exposed to more stress than others, which could put them at higher risk for engaging in contract cheating. Understanding contract cheating using the stress process framework draws our attention to how a student’s location in the social institutions of work, family, and school, how their positions of advantage or disadvantage, and their involvement in social relationships may produce stress which we have found to be associated with contract cheating. Seeing stress in this way allows post-secondary institutions to address the structural conditions which lead to stress through the development of policy, procedure, and supports for students as they navigate academic integrity throughout their programs. (shrink)

A woman admitted to the emergency room of a hospital died because no surgeon could be found to stop the bleeding from injuries she sustained in a farming accident. The case points to ethical shortcomings both institutionally and professionally. The call system is inadequate, and physician fears of being sued or insufficiently compensated contribute to the overall problem. Potential responses include the institutional equivalent of a root cause analysis and an understanding of the pressures brought to bear on physicians to (...) treat emergencies. (shrink)

Journal Name: Cognitive Linguistics Issue: Ahead of print.

Since 1981 AIDS has illuminated, like a roving searchlight, a series of ethical questions, which extend far beyond the apparently narrow limits of one disease. It has revealed, one by one, human attitudes and behaviours that were previously unquestioned, or unobserved - based on unidentified but shaky pre-suppositions.This commentary offers two contrasting perspectives on the problems facing developing countries. In the first part, I comment on the preceding article, from the perspective of a clinician who has worked for many years (...) in Africa, and who witnessed the emergence of AIDS in the early 1980s and its medical, social, political and economic consequences.1 In the second, I comment on a conference in Lusaka in September 1999 that addressed many of the issues.Narrowing the gap?“Narrowing the gap” raises questions about truth or transparency in the activities of multinational companies, the ethics and economics of health care in global society and the distribution of responsibility for unwanted side effects of new treatments. The scale of HIV infection in developing countries draws attention to weaknesses or instability in theoretical and practical structures, which serve - or should serve - human wellbeing, whenever it is disturbed by disease.Truth and transparencyDuring the last 60 years, combined with improved standards of living, the products of pharmaceutical effort and ingenuity have resulted in large gains in life expectancy. These were most marked in rich northern societies, but even poor southern countries had seen it extended by 15 to 20 years, until recently.However, “the costs of drug development are not small”.2 A detailed study of costs of clinical trials found that the total cost of new drug development can be as high as $500 million per drug.3 Patent laws allow a temporary monopoly for the production and sale for a number of years. During this “protected” …. (shrink)

What is ugly? One of the leading cultural commentators of our times, Stephen Bayley, takes us on a journey of discovery by skillfully weaving centuries of art and design history into a discourse on the nature of beauty and its polar opposite, ugly.

Since the industrial revolution, when everything ran by clockwork, people have understood how important it is to live in the moment. But over time our world has grown increasingly busy, and we've lost our ability to truly savour each unique experience and the simple pleasures the world has to offer. Cultural commentator and critic Stephen Bayley seeks to explain what real value is: it's about taking the time and making the effort to appreciate things, of understanding the permanent charm (...) of modest daily rituals performed with care and feeling. Of caring about appearances and meaning. Of being bold in matters of taste. Of fully understanding the source of lasting pleasure. Of making every encounter with an object or person meaningful. Value is an elegiac account of what's recently been lost in the digital apocalypse. But also an enthusiastic anticipation of what we can regain in a post-viral, more analogue and more thoughtful world. (shrink)

In focusing their view on Kuhn, Robert Veatch and William Stempsey ignore alternative sources of insight from other voices that could help move us beyond incommensurability. Richard Rorty and Helen Longino, for example, offer another view of science and objectivity with constructive insight for the practice of science and medicine. Keywords: positivism, relativism, scientific knowledge, incommensurability, Kuhn, Rorty, Longino CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this?

Two articles in this issue of the Hastings Center Report explore two sides of the same problematic coin. In “The Limits of Surrogates’ Moral Authority and Physician Professionalism,” Jeffrey Berger discusses the moral problem of a surrogate refusing a treatment, palliative sedation, on behalf of a patient whose suffering is refractory to intensive palliative efforts provided by a multidisciplinary team. In “After the DNR: Surrogates Who Persist in Requesting Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation,” Ellen Robinson and her colleagues analyze data from a study (...) of cases in which physicians wished not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on patients whom they thought it would harm. Both articles begin from the idea of a professional determination about a physician's duty to a patient that conflicted with a surrogate's determination about what should or should not be done for that patient. Berger's argument stops just short of a solution, however, because a physician's professional obligation to help patients, even within guidelines set by other professionals, is insufficient protection for patients. But if Berger's theory is right—that sometimes surrogates lack moral authority to make decisions on behalf of patients—then the Robinson team has developed a careful and public process for attending to that conflict. (shrink)

The Quality Attestation Presidential Task Force has made a thoughtful and thorough contribution to the establishment of clinical ethics consultation as a professional field. As Eric Kodish, Joseph J. Fins, and colleagues indicate, quality attestation is another step in bringing greater accountability and transparency to CEC. To complete this process, however, the work of the QAPTF must be situated within a larger project. As the field further develops, there will be a move toward restricting CEC to those who have demonstrated, (...) by means of this version of the quality attestation or an eventual iteration of it, that they are capable of conducting an ethics consultation with the skill, knowledge, and rigor necessary. This raises the question of how potential consultants will gain the experience required to produce a portfolio of cases when only those who are qualified are permitted to perform CECs, either by their institution or by some external evaluator, such as The Joint Commission. Now may be the time to begin thinking about further developments in the field that will complement both current academic training programs and the quality attestation process. For this, we might look to the Association for Clinical Pastoral Education for its model for certifying educators of chaplains who wish to become professionals. (shrink)

In this book nine philosophers and one literary critic address aspects of the relativism issue currently of philosophic interest.

This book investigates transdisciplinary, arts-based approaches to developing innovative and pertinent higher education pedagogy. Introducing timely critical thinking strategies, the author addresses some of the key issues facing educators today in an increasingly complex digital, technological and ecological world. The author combines emerging ideas in the New Materialism and Posthumanism schools of thought with arts-based teaching and learning, including Practice-as-Research, for Social Science contexts, thus exploring how this approach can be used to productively create new pedagogical strategies. Drawing on a (...) rich repertoire of real-life examples, the volume suggests transferrable routes into practice that are suitable for lecturers, researchers and students. This practical and innovative volume will appeal to researchers and practitioners interested in Posthuman and New Materialist theories, and how these can be applied to the educational landscape in future. (shrink)

This article discusses women and peace-building in Solomon Islands and the effect of law, theory and practical circumstances on their role. It looks at the place of Solomon Islands women in society historically, with particular reference to war and peace. It then analyses their current status from a legal perspective, looking at the existing Constitution, the proposed Federal Constitution, and relevant aspects of international law. It questions whether gender equity provisions are sufficient to promote participation at a practical level. The (...) article also disputes the effectiveness of various international, regional, and local initiatives, designed to enhance the status of women. The article discusses the application of some of the theories relating to women and peace-building to the circumstances of Solomon Islands. It concludes by looking to the future and discussing means of consolidating women’s position, and increasing their involvement in leadership and decision-making. (shrink)

This article, which stems from separate research projects pursued by each author in Oaxaca, Mexico, explores conducting fieldwork through the lenses of community autonomy , and hospitality . Engaging with these concepts made us question how the process of research can contradict cultural ethics that operate within fieldwork locations, as well as consider how such concepts may inform a more ethical set of inquiry practices. Such a set of alternative ethics can provide, furthermore, means for negotiating situations marked by interculturality, (...) particularly as it emerges through contemporary processes of globalization. (shrink)

Homeopathy is a form of complementary medicine which relies heavily on observation and experience. The three distinguishing characteristics of homeopathy are that remedies are prescribed on the totality of a person's symptoms, that the remedy likely to cure a person is a dilution of that substance which would cause the same symptoms in a healthy person, and that remedies are prepared using microdoses of substances which are diluted and then vigorously shaken. Mainstream medicine criticizes homeopathy by saying that its gentleness (...) has outlived its usefulness and treatment successes are probably no more than placebo action. In addition, its critics charge that homeopathy is unscientific, runs counter to the "laws of nature" and will not stand up to scientific scrutiny. Homeopaths reply that mainstream medicine is dangerous, that homeopathy works in children and animals (usually thought resistant to placebo), and that several good controlled clinical trials have shown positive results. There is a difference between showing that homeopathy works and adequately accounting for its mechanism of action. Clinical trials have concentrated on the former and remain unexplained in the latter. Keywords: complementary medicine, empirical homeopathy CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us What's this? (shrink)