Ethical Aspects Related to Nursing Care for Persons with Disabilities: A Qualitative Analysis Aspectos éticos relacionados com a atenção de enfermagem em pessoas com deficiência: uma análise qualitativa The purpose of the study is to describe ethical aspects related to nursing care for persons with disabilities; a population considered socially vulnerable and in conditions of inequality. It corresponds to the first phase of a primary study conducted in Atacama, Chile using a qualitative methodology and content analysis. Nursing graduates are interviewed (...) respecting Ezekiel Emanuel’s ethical criteria. The main findings account for ontological categories such as moral reasoning, value system, nurse-patient relationship model, consequences of the ethical nursing action, strategies to overcome moral conflicts, and barriers in care. It is concluded that caring for people with disabilities is a source of dilemma and moral anguish for nurses, especially when it comes to individuals with sensitive or cognitive disabilities. The paternalistic medical model predominates in the clinical context, limiting the right to autonomy of persons with disabilities. Instrumental values such as efficiency are added to traditional moral values promoted by nurses. Civic values considered fundamental to the challenge of human diversity and life in a democracy are not mentioned. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Campillay-Campillay M, Rivas-Rivero E, Dubó-Araya P, Calle-Carrasco A. Aspectos éticos relacionados con la atención de enfermería en personas en situación de discapacidad: un análisis cualitativo. Pers Bioet. 2020;24:43-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.1.4 Recibido: 19/07/2019 Aceptado: 12/11/2019 Publicado: 07/05/2020. (shrink)

There is vast evidence that accounts for the association between entrepreneurial orientation and the probability of starting a business. However, there are not many studies that test how psychological factors moderate this relationship. A variable that has been little studied in this relationship is Grit. Grit is considered a personality trait defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Grit considers two sub-dimensions, one linked to the consistency of interests and the other linked to perseverance in the effort. The objective (...) of this article is to analyze the moderating role that both sub-dimensions of grit plays in the relationship between EO and PSB, considering its interaction with sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, and culture. This cross-sectional study has a sample of 1,761 participants, active workers. The EO scale and a Grit Scale were applied. In addition, participants were asked, based on their perception, how likely they were to start their own business within the next 5 years. A simple moderation analysis was considered to test the moderating role of grit in the relationship between EO and PSB. Subsequently, a double moderation analysis was carried out in order to identify which sociodemographic variables moderate the moderating effect of grit on the relationship in question. The results show that only the Grit-Passion component of grit moderates the relationship between EO and PSB. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, neither age, culture, nor gender showed a moderating effect on the moderation exercised by Grit-Passion in the relationship between OE and PSB. The results are discussed in terms of psychological capital, particularly with an emphasis on explaining why only the Grit-Passion shows a moderating effect on the relationship between EO and PSB, in detriment of Grit-Perseverance. In addition, the power of grit in the field of entrepreneurship is discussed, considering that its moderating effect is transversal to variations in age, gender and culture, as well as its relevance when considering interventions and pedagogical models in the field of entrepreneurship. (shrink)

Although the correlation between Entrepreneurial Orientation and concrete actions to set up a business or the Probability of Starting a Business has been widely studied, the psychological factors that can affect this relationship have not yet been sufficiently addressed in the field of entrepreneurship. One of them is curiosity. Both at theoretical and empirical level, a distinction are usually made between two types of curiosity. I-type curiosity is associated with the anticipated pleasure of discovering something new, and D-type curiosity is (...) associated with reducing uncertainty and eliminating unwanted states of ignorance. Consequently, this paper aims to analyze the moderating role that the types of curiosity play in the relationship between EO and PSB, considering their interaction with sociodemographic variables. The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 1,761 participants. The EO scale and a curiosity scale were applied. In addition, participants were asked, based on their perception, how likely they were to start their own business within the next 5 years. A simple moderation analysis was considered to test the moderating role of both types of curiosity in the relationship between EO and PSB. Next, a double moderation analysis was carried out in order to identify, which sociodemographic variables moderate the moderating effect of curiosity. The results show that only the D-type component moderates the relationship between EO and PSB: The higher the D-type curiosity, the stronger the association between EO and PSB. In terms of sociodemographic variables, neither culture nor gender showed a moderating effect on the moderation exerted by D-type curiosity. While, age did moderate the moderating effect of D-type curiosity on the relationship between EO and PSB. Results are discussed in terms of spirituality and the resolution of problems associated with the entrepreneurial process, considering cognitive and psychological factors, particularly with an emphasis on explaining why only D-type curiosity shows a moderating effect. Finally, the limitations of the study and potential future lines of research are pointed out. (shrink)

Valorising the biocultural heritage of common goods could enable peasant farmers to achieve socially and economically inclusive sustainability. Increasingly appreciated by consumers, peasant heritage products offer small farmers promising opportunities for economic, social and territorial development. Identifying the obstacles and levers of this complex, multi-scale and multi-stakeholder objective requires an integrative framework. We applied the panarchy conceptual framework to two cases of participatory research with small quinoa producers: a local fair in Chile and quinoa export production in Bolivia. In both (...) cases, the “commoning” process was crucial both to bring stakeholders together inside their communities and to gain outside recognition for their production and thus achieve social and economic inclusion. Despite the differences in scale, the local fair and the export market shared a similar marketing strategy based on short value chains promoting quality products with high identity value. In these dynamics of biocultural heritage valorisation, the panarchical approach revealed the central place as well as the vulnerability of the community territory. As a place of both anchoring and opening, the community territory is the privileged space where autonomous and consensual control over the governance of common biocultural resources can be exercised. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to extend the knowledge about why procedural justice has behavioral implications within organizations. Since prior studies show that PJ leads to legitimacy, the author suggests that, when formal regulations are unfairly implemented, they lose their validity or efficacy. This “rule deactivation,” in turn, leads to two proposed destructive work behaviors, namely, workplace deviance and decreased citizenship behaviors. The results support this mediating role of RD, thus suggesting that it forms part of the generative mechanism (...) through which unfair procedures influence ethical behavior within organizations. The author ends the article by discussing behavioral ethics and managerial implications as well as suggestions for future research. (shrink)

The model emphasizes the ethical dynamics of compassion in hospitality settings by suggesting that under an organizational ethical climate, the hotel staff will be more morally aware of peers’ pain and suffering, and motivated to participate in delivering compassion. Based on the positive psychology focus on compassion as individual states and traits supporting interpersonal dealings, the paper operationalizes compassion based on four individual factors involved in the compassionate process: empathic concern, or an other-oriented emotional response elicited by and congruent with (...) the perceived welfare of a person in need; mindfulness, a state of consciousness in which attention is focused on present-moment phenomena occurring both externally and internally; kindness, or understanding the pain or suffering of others; and common humanity, or seeing others’ experiences as part of the larger human experience. Data were collected from 280 employees at ten hotels in the Canary Islands. With the exception of self-interest, results of multiple linear regressions demonstrate that each of the six interpreted factors of ethical climate has substantive effects on any of the studied elements of staff compassion. The egoistic-related and principle-related climate factors generated a more consistent and intense compassionate reaction, suggesting that the staff is moved to act out of compassion either to assure that the team succeeds or to support each other out of moral obligation. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

RESUMEN Esta entrevista tiene como objetivo mostrar los aportes de la fenomenología de Dan Zahavi a algunas temáticas fundamentales de filosofía de la mente. El filósofo danés expresa su interés en vincular la fenomenología con otras disciplinas y comenta su último proyecto, dedicado al vínculo intersubjetivo. Además, explica su posición con respecto a la naturalización de la fenomenología, la importancia de desarrollar una filosofía de la mente desde la perspectiva de primera persona, y la cuestión del idealismo husserliano y su (...) vínculo con Putnam. Por otro lado, se refiere a cómo el estudio de los trastornos psiquiátricos aporta a la filosofía, presenta la propuesta de la tradición fenomenológica para evitar los problemas del debate internalismo-externalismo y explica la manera en que su concepto del yo ilumina la clásica discusión sobre la mente y el cerebro. Finalmente, Zahavi comenta sobre la posibilidad de vincular filosofía, ciencia y religión. ABSTRACT The aim of this interview is to show the contributions of Dan Zahavi's phenomenology to some fundamental issues in philosophy of mind. The Danish philosopher expresses his interest to link phenomenology to other disciplines and talks about his latest project, dedicated to the intersubjective relation. He also explains his position with respect to the naturalization of phenomenology, the importance of developing a philosophy of mind from a first-person perspective, and the question of Husserlian idealism and his link with Putnam. On the other hand, he refers to how the study of psychiatric disorders contributes to philosophy, presents the proposal of the pheno-menological tradition to sidestep the problems of internalism-externalism debate, and explains how his concept of self illuminates the classic discussion on mind and brain. Finally, Zahavi comments on the possibility oflinking philosophy, science and religion. (shrink)

The continental drift controversy has been deeply analysed in terms of rationalist notions, which seem to find there a unique topic to describe the weight of evidence for reaching consensus. In that sense, many authors suggest that Alfred Wegener’s theory of the original supercontinent Pangea and the subsequent continental displacements finally reached a consensus when irrefutable evidence became available. Therefore, rationalist approaches suggest that evidence can be enough by itself to close scientific controversies. In this article I analyse continental drift (...) debates from a different perspective which is based on styles of thought. I’ll argue that continental drift debate took much longer than it was usually recognized with two styles of thought coexisting for hundreds of years. These were fixism and mobilism and they were always confronting their own evidence and interpretations and functioning as general frameworks for the acceptability of a specific theory. Therefore, this text aims to bring much broader sociological elements than usually involved in the analysis of the continental drift theory. (shrink)

The main purpose of these introductory remarks is to give the reader a sense of Philip Rossi’s philosophical project and its importance. I will then advance an interpretation of what motivates Kant’s commitment to community, and, on its basis, object to Rossi’s views on radical evil –a point which affects how one should conceive the moral vocation of humanity and the role that politics and religion play within it. My reconstruction concludes with a sketch of how the five contributions to (...) this Symposium fit together and deepen our understanding of Rossi’s overall project. (shrink)

The article appearing previously in this journal entitled “Styles of Thought on the Continental Drift Debate” (Pellegrini 2019) prompted a response from Weber and Šešelja (2020) which they termed as “a defence of rationalist accounts”. They argue that their self-designated “sophisticated rationalism” explains the closure of the continental-drift debate without being affected by my critiques to rationalist approaches. While ignoring the empirical evidence that shows the complexity of the debate and the necessity to include broader social elements in the analysis (...) (such as scientists denying continental drift even after the plate tectonics theory, others supporting it without being familiarized with the literature), they proclaim to be unconvinced about the analysis of the styles of thought. In order to clarify differences in the approach to the continental-drift historical controversy, I respond here to the criticism my paper drew while discussing the place of rationalism when explaining the acceptance of a theory. I will argue that their distinction between “crude” and “sophisticated” rationalism does not solve the problem of social aspects being left aside by rationalists in view of the acceptance of a theory. I will also argue that in order to understand what leads people to embrace a belief (namely scientists in accepting a theory), the analysis of mere cognitive or epistemic arguments is not enough and it leads to a reductionist explanation as to social behaviour. (shrink)

This Guide is designed to restore the theological background that informs Kant’s treatment of grace in Religion to its rightful place. This background is essential not only to understand the nature of Kant’s overall project in this book, namely, to determine the “association” or “union” between Christianity (as a historical faith) and rational religion, but also to dispel the impression of “internal contradictions” and conundrums” that contemporary interpreters associate with Kant’s treatment of grace and moral regeneration. That impression, we argue, (...) is the result of entrenched interpretative habits that can be traced back to Karl Barth’s reading of the text. Once we realize that such a reading rests on a mistake, much of the anxiety and confusion that plague current discussions on these issues can be put to rest. (shrink)

El punto de partida de este trabajo es que la idea de autoconservación es constitutiva para la comprensión y el desarrollo histórico de la subjetividad moderna. El análisis kierkegaardiano de la psicología del individuo moderno en La enfermedad mortal retoma y reelabora el tópico de la autoconservación. Anti-Climacus (el pseudónimo kierkegaardiano) sostiene que los seres humanos no están ocupados con el mantenimiento de un yo ya determinado y concluido; sino, más bien, con la constitución misma de ese yo. En su (...) exposición, él considera que la potenciación de la auto-constitución puede conducir a la autodestrucción. Este artículo procura interpretar la desesperación como autodestrucción y ofrecer, desde dicha interpretación, una comprensión consistente de sus dos modalidades principales: no querer ser sí mismo y querer ser sí mismo. Por último, el artículo considera la posibilidad de superación de la desesperación y concluye reflexionando en torno al desarrollo moderno del concepto de autoconservación. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende examinar las relaciones entre derecho, ideología y discurso. Para ello se asume la teoría sociocognitiva de la ideología de Teun van Dijk y el enfoque institucional acerca de la naturaleza del derecho de Joseph Raz explorando la posibilidad de la existencia de ideologías legales. A partir de un ejemplo, se muestra la imbricación del campo político con el campo de la justicia y se concluye que los jueces adhieren al menos a dos grupos ideológicos, uno de carácter (...) político y otro de carácter profesional. This paper aims to examine the relationship between law, ideology and discourse. To do this, the sociocognitive theory of Teun van Dijk’s ideology is ascribed together with Joseph Raz’s institutional approach to the nature of law by exploring the possibility of existence of legal ideologies. Starting from an example, we show the overlap between the political field with the field of justice and conclude that judges adhere to at least two ideological groups, one of a political nature and the other of a professional nature. (shrink)

Este trabajo quedó segundo en la IV Olimpiada de filosofía que organiza FICUM en la modalidad de secundaria y bachillerato para promocionar la filosofía entre los jóvenes.

Nuestro artículo discute la tesis principal de la segunda parte de Las éticas de Kierkegaard (2022). Según Yésica Rodríguez, las obras psicológicas de Kierkegaard (El concepto de angustia y La enfermedad mortal) abandonan la filosofía kantiana y rechazan la noción moderna de libertad. La investigadora argentina sostiene que la frustración existencial es el desenlace inevitable del análisis kierkegaardiano de la subjetividad: ante Dios, el Gran Otro, el individuo siempre está en el error. En el siguiente artículo, proponemos y desarrollamos una (...) lectura alternativa. Mostramos que la filosofía de la historia kantiana juega un rol central en el tratado de la angustia y que el concepto de desesperación opera como un correctivo al proyecto moderno de auto-determinación. (shrink)

Practices related to research misconduct seem to have been multiplied in recent years. Many cases of scientific fraud have been exposed publicly, and journals and academic institutions have deployed different measures worldwide in this regard. However, the influence of specific social and cultural environments on scientific fraud may vary from society to society. This article analyzes how scientists in Japan deal with accusations of scientific fraud. For such a purpose, a series of scientific fraud cases that took place in Japan (...) has been reconstructed through diverse sources. Thus, by analyzing those cases, the social basis of scientific fraud and the most relevant aspects of Japanese cultural values and traditions, as well as the concept of honour which is deeply involved in the way Japanese scientists react when they are accused of and publicly exposed in scientific fraud situations is examined. (shrink)

En este texto se estudia la tensa relación entre lugar y espacio en el “segundo” Heidegger, tomando textos posteriores a Sein und Zeit. Se comprende el espacio como espaciar, concebido desde lo abierto y por lo tanto desde el Claro como des-ocultamiento de la verdad en el lugar. De este modo, el lugar del desocultamiento se define como la obra de arte, como “poema”. Así, se sugiere que el lugar constituye una dimensión del lenguaje y por lo tanto el espacio (...) es el hacer espacio para el habitar de los hombres, si bien el lugar como espacio del lenguaje resulta ser un lugar imposible. (shrink)

La cuestión de la traducción, como afirma Derrida, es «la» cuestión de la deconstrucción. En este sentido, comprende Derrida que la traducción no consiste en la «transferencia» de significantes entre las lenguas, proceso que respetaría los significados ideales-inmateriales. Por el contrario, Derrida apunta hacia una traducción de un «original» que nunca ha sido, un texto que necesita esencialmente de la traducción y, por tanto, afirma la traducción como una tarea «im-posible», como la continua creación del otro y de lo otro, (...) como recepción de la herencia e imposible afirmación del duelo. En este sentido, cabría plantear la posibilidad de «traducir» los textos de Derrida hacia el pensamiento heideggeriano, donde también se establecería de manera explícita el rechazo a la noción de traducción en cuanto «intercambio», es decir, como tarea técnica o mecánica, apuntando así hacia la traducción como la verdadera esencia del pensamiento y del lenguaje. No obstante, se comprueba en esta aproximación la im-posibilidad de traducir los textos de Derrida al corpus heideggeriano. (shrink)

On 20 December 1973, an attack by ETA put an end to the lives of Franco's head of government, his chauffeur and his bodyguard. This had important consequences for both the dictatorship and the terrorist group. Based on the existing sources, historians have developed a fairly credible account of the events. Nevertheless, the fact that ETA had managed to assassinate such a prominent politician, combined with some loose ends in the police investigation and the absence of a sentence gave rise (...) to all kinds of speculation. Furthermore, the case of Carrero Blanco has inspired narratives of uneven quality. In this paper we examine the interrelationship between history, conspiracy theories and fiction surrounding the attack. (shrink)

This paper proposes a conceptual model that fosters interdisciplinary thinking and critical thinking by connecting the three main philosophical traditions that impact modern thinking – British empiricism, Continental Europe subjective idealism, and realism – with their epistemological foundations and in combination with modern social disciplines: ethics, social responsibility, and political economy. Through a statistical analysis this paper shows which of the three epistemologies produces better social outcomes.

The colonial model imposed in Cuba by the creole oligarchy and the cabinet in Madrid. Thwarted every possibility of an economy diversificied development and doonet the isle to a story where the slavery supergroning production with all its social and political implications prevailed. This system, that implied a crisis in itself, was absolutely artificial: it was a creator of richness for a very small group, and of course, it was unable to correct the tremendous condetions thas implied. The system hastered (...) in the underdevelopment and in the independency to Cuba at the same time that morgatet its future as a nation. (shrink)

Although the link between epistemic and ontological aspects of social reality has always been a problematic issue for the social sciences, this debate loses centrality from the second half of the twentieth century. This article critically reviews the epistemic reasons for that loss, mainly in relation with "hard" constructivism, arguing for the need to return to the ontological debate about sociological foundations. At the same time, it presents a theoretical proposal: social ontology constitutes itself epistemically; that is, the question about (...) "the social" inevitably involves the question about beliefs that constitute it. But social reality is not exhausted in beliefs, since it requires a material component to exist. From this proposal, this paper makes an explicit defense for a realist approach in sociology. To do this, critically reviews John Searle’s social ontology and makes concretes contributions to sociological theory, emphasizing the importance of action, power and causal reciprocity between individual and society, to have a social ontology that shows the specificity of the social. Aun cuando la vinculación entre los aspectos epistémicos y ontológicos de la realidad social ha sido siempre un asunto problemático para las ciencias sociales, este debate pierde centralidad desde mediados del siglo XX. Este artículo revisa críticamente las razones epistémicas de esa pérdida de centralidad, principalmente en relación con el constructivismo "duro", argumentando la necesidad de retomar el debate ontológico acerca de los fundamentos de la disciplina sociológica, al mismo tiempo que plantea una propuesta teórica de elucidación: la ontología de lo social se constituye epistémicamente; vale decir, la pregunta acerca de qué es lo social implica inevitablemente la pregunta por las creencias que lo constituyen. No obstante, la realidad social no se agota en las creencias, puesto que requiere de un componente material para existir. Desde esa propuesta, en una segunda parte, el artículo defiende la necesidad de adoptar una postura realista en sociología. Para ello, revisa críticamente la propuesta de ontología social de Searle y realiza aportes concretos desde la teoría sociológica, concluyendo la importancia de la acción, del poder y de la reciprocidad causal entre individuo y sociedad, para contar con una ontología que dé cuenta de la especificidad propia de lo social. (shrink)

This paper critically reviews the principal elements of Searle’s proposed social ontology which is scattered in different books and papers. It discusses the philosophical and conceptual affinities between his philosophy of social reality and sociological theory, and proposes some solutions to dilemmas arising from the strong mentalism of his proposal, using tools from classical sociological theory and the sociology of knowledge. The main objective is to help lay the foundation for a comprehensive social ontology, whose structure is supported by the (...) complementarity between the proposed Searle's social ontology and sociological theory. Este artículo revisa de manera crítica los elementos fundamentales de la propuesta de ontología social de Searle que se encuentra diseminada en sus diversos libros y artículos, abordando analíticamente aquellos aspectos que dan cuenta de las afinidades filosóficas y conceptuales entre su filosofía de la realidad social y la teoría sociológica, utilizando herramientas provenientes de la teoría sociológica clásica y de la sociología del conocimiento. El objetivo principal es contribuir a sentar las basespara una ontología social comprensiva, cuya estructura esté sustentada por la complementariedad entre la propuesta de ontología social de Searle y la teoría sociológica. (shrink)

In this article, we present the case for regarding the principles by which scholarly publications are disseminated and shared as a matter of academic ethics. The ethics of access have to do with recognizing people's right to know what is known, as well as the value to humanity of having one of its best forms of arriving at knowledge as widely shared as possible. The level of access is often reduced by the financial interests of publishers in a market in (...) which there is little sense of a rational order, given huge discrepancies in prices for similar products. At the same time, there are risks to limiting researchers? access to scholarly resources, both for the quality of the knowledge that is not entirely open to review and for the production of new knowledge that it might inspire. Then, there are issues of access beyond the academy for professional practice and out of human interest, for both of which undue limitations raise what are, for us, more than academic ethical questions. (shrink)

El presente artículo se propone analizar el debate que enfrentó a Jacques Derrida y Michel Foucault en torno a la Historia de la locura escrita por este último. En primer lugar, se ofrecerá una reconstrucción de las posiciones y argumentos sostenidos por cada autor, poniendo de relieve la problemática en torno a los modos de pensar y escribir la historia por parte de cada uno. En segundo lugar, se intentará aportar una respuesta diferente a la dada por Foucault en 1972 (...) al problema planteado por Derrida sobre la posibilidad de una historia crítica de la razón. En efecto, Foucault se centró en la discusión del texto cartesiano y en la importancia de las modificaciones al nivel del sujeto que, en dicho texto, implicaron la exclusión de la locura. En este artículo, sin embargo, aunque de manera complementaria, se retomará el acontecimiento del “Gran Encierro” atendiendo allí a las marcas de la conformación de una subjetividad moral. Se espera, a través de este análisis, poner de relieve la relación entre subjetividad e historia como eje de la historización crítica desarrollada por Foucault y atender a la objeción derridiana desde un enfoque distinto al planteado por el propio Foucault. (shrink)

El propósito del presente trabajo es examinar la concepción kantiana del pensamiento y de su negativo a la luz de la crítica deleuziana a la imagen del pensamiento. Luego de cotejar las afirmaciones del filósofo francés con la letra de Kant, sostendremos que, si el concepto de ilusión trascendental se aparta de la misma en tanto cuestiona la buena naturaleza de la razón y la afinidad del pensamiento con lo verdadero, la ilusión es conjurada mediante su legitimación moral y, así, (...) Kant continúa postulando su rectitud natural. Mediante el análisis de la concepción kantiana del error, mostraremos asimismo que las afirmaciones deleuzianas relativas a la superación del concepto clásico de error como desviación del pensamiento por parte de Kant no pueden sostenerse sino que, por el contrario, Kant concebía las facultades como naturalmente rectas, pudiendo ser desviadas solo por interposiciones externas. (shrink)

Presentamos las dificultades relatadas por estudiantes de pedagogía de dos universidades latinoamericanas, en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de registros escritos y encuestas respondidas por los estudiantes y analizados a partir de una visión freireana de educación. Los problemas junto con el sufrimiento emocional de los jóvenes revelaron el distanciamiento entre docentes y estudiantes y entre sus pares, lo que impactó su proceso formativo. Una práctica educativa que valore el diálogo y los contextos (...) de intereses y motivaciones de los estudiantes se torna fundamental para su formación académica más humana, integrada y transdisciplinar. (shrink)

RESUMENHeidegger ha ejercido una crítica constante de la fenomenología de Husserl desde el momento en que empezó a impartir sus primeras lecciones académicas. uno de los momentos culminantes de este proceso es Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs, el curso del verano de 1925. Haciendo un análisis detallado de la fenomenología de la conciencia de Husserl, Heidegger denuncia que los presupuestos en los que aquella se apoya la acercan a la filosofía tradicional y la alejan de sus pretensiones iniciales. La "fascinación (...) por la tradición" y el predominio de la teoría son los resultados principales de esta crítica inmanente,PALABRAS CLAVEFENOMENOLOGÍA-CONCIENCIA-HUSSERL-HEIDEGGERABSTRACTAs from his early lectures in the university, Heidegger has been criticizing the phenomenology of Husserl. A critical moment of this process is Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs, the summer of 1925 course. By examining Husserl's phenomenology of conscience, Heidegger denounces that its assumptions lean it towards traditional philosophy and keep it away from its initial pretensions. The main outcomes of the critique are both the "fascination with tradition"and the primacy of theoryKEYWORDSPHENOMENOLOGY-CONSCIENCE-HUSSERL-HEIDEGGER. (shrink)

The article criticises Reale's esoteric interpretation of Plato from a hermeneutical point of view. Reale speaks of doctrines, written and unwritten, where we only have two traditions: direct and indirect. Plato's own works build a corpus and a collection of testimonies from different authors cannot be considered as interpretatively superior. To be written down is essential to interpretation and the text cannot be fixed on a concrete reading, because textuality means openness to new understandings. In this way, the attempt to (...) reread Plato's dialogs in the light of this indirect tradition is to reduce the Platonic corpus to a mere pretext. (shrink)

In Sickness unto Death Kierkegaard makes a fundamental distinction between two forms of conscious despair in terms of sexual categories: «feminine despair» or despair on weakness and «masculine despair» or despair on defiance. This paper aims to clarify the previous distinction and to establish if Kierkegaard´s authentic self is congruent with an androgynous selfhood.

O lo uno o lo otro, la primera obra pseudónima de Kierkegaard, comienza con una exposición de la visión estética de la vida, seguida por la crítica ética de la concepción estética de la existencia. La categoría de «desesperación» es el concepto central en el rechazo de la estética: la afirmación básica de O lo uno o lo otro II es que la vida estética es desesperación, y la vida ética ofrece un escape de la desesperación. Este artículo se propone (...) presentar la primera conceptualización kierkegaardeana de la desesperación como una teoría de la alienación. (shrink)

Despite of the extraordinary variety of studies on Kierkegaard’s philosophy, his concept of modesty has not received enough attention. My paper aims to present and analyze Kierkegaard’s concept of modesty, as it is developed in The Concept of Anxiety by his pseudonym Vigilius Haufniensis. First, I will try to provide an understanding of some of the major themes of Haufniensis’s book. Second, I examine what the psychological phenomenon of modesty reveals about the subjective structure of the human being.

Actualmente, Las obras del amor es uno de los libros más leídos por los especialistas en Kierkegaard. Desde que Theodor Adorno publicó sus críticas a la teoría kierkegaardiana del amor, la interpretación habitual se ha centrado en el sujeto del amor (amante cristiano) y ha olvidado el objeto del amor (prójimo). Considero que es importante pensar una nueva cuestión: ¿cómo experimenta el prójimo el amor cristiano? Para responder esta pregunta, este artículo retoma conceptos centrales de la teoría del reconocimiento de (...) Honneth. Intentaré demostrar dos hipótesis: i) desde el punto de vista humano, la concepción kierkegaardiana del amor cristiano no es una forma superior de reconocimiento, y ii) el Singular solo necesita a Dios para desarrollar su sí mismo. Nowadays, Works of Love is one of the most read books by Kierkegaard´s scholars. Since Theodor Adorno published his critics to Kierkegaard´s theory of love, the usual readings has focused on the subject of love (Christian lover) and has forgotten the object of love (neighbor). I consider that is important to think a new question: how does the neighbor experiment Christian love? To answer this question, this paper revisits mains concepts of Honneth´s theory of recognition. I will try to show two hypothesis: i) from human point of view, Kierkegaard`s conception of Christian love is not a superior form of recognition, and ii) the Singular only needs God to develop his self. (shrink)

This article discusses explanations behind theory choice, that is, ultimately, what leads people to accept a certain claim as valid. There has been a recent debate as to how closure was achieved in the continental-drift discussion. The controversy had found its usual explanation under rationalist terms: Wegener’s 1912 continental-drift theory was accepted 50 years later only after the plate tectonic theory had provided more evidence or a more in-depth problem-solving capacity. Nevertheless, a re-examination of the controversy under constructivist terms argued (...) that closure was achieved by a change in the style of thought. This analysis prompted some authors to react calling to a ‘defence of rationalism’ and insisting on explaining that the continental-drift theory was only accepted because of epistemic reasons. As the debate impacts on the way to explain scientific controversies, in this article I analyze rationalist and constructivist approaches with respect to ways to explain the social acceptance or rejection of a theory. The analytical perspectives will be contextualized within a broader theoretical discussion in philosophy and social sciences about the role of different factors that condition knowledge, which will also include an empirical approximation in the analysis of GMO and continental-drift controversies. Ultimately, the debate with rationalism is situated in a broader context about the ways of explaining the social acceptance of a theory, arguing that the problem with the rationalism that confuses a purely logical explanation with a sociological one is that it tends to judge rather than understand. (shrink)

Although the simultaneous presence of multiple ambitions is inherent in hybrid venturing, pursuing social and/or environmental missions while securing commercial viability can generate ambivalence among stakeholders. In this study, we draw on the notion of “holism” to show how venture founders both embrace tensioned ambitions and sustain hybridity during critical venture development phases. Based on 6 years of data on The People’s Supermarket in the United Kingdom, we identify three distinct practices— fantasizing, bartering, and conjuring—used by founders to harness tensions (...) productively, without compromising their venture’s multiple ambitions. These practices demonstrate the founders’ ability to maintain a venture’s hybrid nature throughout the ideation, organizational, and scale-up phases, thereby shedding light on the application of “holism” within the realm of hybrid venturing. (shrink)