Results for 'Martin Butz'

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  1.  23
    Event‐Predictive Cognition: A Root for Conceptual Human Thought.Martin V. Butz, Asya Achimova, David Bilkey & Alistair Knott - 2021 - Topics in Cognitive Science 13 (1):10-24.
    Butz, Achimova, Bilkey, and Knott provide a topic overview and discuss whether the special issue contributions may imply that event‐predictive abilities constitute a root for conceptual human thought, because they enable complex, mutually beneficial, but also intricately competitive, social interactions and language communication.
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  2.  19
    Event‐Predictive Cognition: A Root for Conceptual Human Thought.Martin V. Butz, Asya Achimova, David Bilkey & Alistair Knott - 2021 - Topics in Cognitive Science 13 (1):10-24.
    Butz, Achimova, Bilkey, and Knott provide a topic overview and discuss whether the special issue contributions may imply that event‐predictive abilities constitute a root for conceptual human thought, because they enable complex, mutually beneficial, but also intricately competitive, social interactions and language communication.
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  3.  13
    Resourceful Event-Predictive Inference: The Nature of Cognitive Effort.Martin V. Butz - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Pursuing a precise, focused train of thought requires cognitive effort. Even more effort is necessary when more alternatives need to be considered or when the imagined situation becomes more complex. Cognitive resources available to us limit the cognitive effort we can spend. In line with previous work, an information-theoretic, Bayesian brain approach to cognitive effort is pursued: to solve tasks in our environment, our brain needs to invest information, that is, negative entropy, to impose structure, or focus, away from a (...)
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  4.  29
    Toward a Unified Sub-symbolic Computational Theory of Cognition.Martin V. Butz - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7:171252.
    This paper proposes how various disciplinary theories of cognition may be combined into a unifying, sub-symbolic, computational theory of cognition. The following theories are considered for integration: psychological theories, including the theory of event coding, event segmentation theory, the theory of anticipatory behavioral control, and concept development; artificial intelligence and machine learning theories, including reinforcement learning and generative artificial neural networks; and theories from theoretical and computational neuroscience, including predictive coding and free energy-based inference. In the light of such a (...)
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  5.  24
    Exploiting redundancy for flexible behavior: Unsupervised learning in a modular sensorimotor control architecture.Martin V. Butz, Oliver Herbort & Joachim Hoffmann - 2007 - Psychological Review 114 (4):1015-1046.
  6.  6
    How the Mind Comes Into Being: Introducing Cognitive Science From a Functional and Computational Perspective.Martin V. Butz & Esther F. Kutter - 2016 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press UK. Edited by Esther F. Kutter.
    This book offers an interdisciplinary introduction to embodied cognitive science, addressing the question of how the mind comes into being while actively interacting with and learning from the environment by means of the own body. By pursuing a functional and computational perspective, concrete answers are provided about the fundamental mechanisms and developing structures that must bring the mind about, taking into account insights from biology, neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy as well as from computer science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
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  7.  10
    Too Good to be True? Ideomotor Theory from a Computational Perspective.Oliver Herbort & Martin V. Butz - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
  8.  15
    Learning about others: Modeling social inference through ambiguity resolution.Asya Achimova, Gregory Scontras, Christian Stegemann-Philipps, Johannes Lohmann & Martin V. Butz - 2022 - Cognition 218 (C):104862.
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  9.  43
    Mario Becomes Cognitive.Fabian Schrodt, Jan Kneissler, Stephan Ehrenfeld & Martin V. Butz - 2017 - Topics in Cognitive Science 9 (2):343-373.
    In line with Allen Newell's challenge to develop complete cognitive architectures, and motivated by a recent proposal for a unifying subsymbolic computational theory of cognition, we introduce the cognitive control architecture SEMLINCS. SEMLINCS models the development of an embodied cognitive agent that learns discrete production rule-like structures from its own, autonomously gathered, continuous sensorimotor experiences. Moreover, the agent uses the developing knowledge to plan and control environmental interactions in a versatile, goal-directed, and self-motivated manner. Thus, in contrast to several well-known (...)
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  10.  39
    How Deep Is Your SNARC? Interactions Between Numerical Magnitude, Response Hands, and Reachability in Peripersonal Space.Johannes Lohmann, Philipp A. Schroeder, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Christian Plewnia & Martin V. Butz - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:344216.
    Spatial, physical, and semantic magnitude dimensions can influence action decisions in human cognitive processing and interact with each other. For example, in the SNARC effect, semantic numerical magnitude facilitates left-hand or right-hand responding dependent on the small or large magnitude of number symbols. SNARC-like interactions of numerical magnitudes with the radial spatial dimension (depth) were postulated from early on. Usually, the SNARC effect in any direction is investigated using fronto-parallel computer monitors for presentation of stimuli. In such 2D setups, however, (...)
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  11.  17
    Mental space maps into the future.Anna Belardinelli, Johannes Lohmann, Alessandro Farnè & Martin V. Butz - 2018 - Cognition 176 (C):65-73.
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  12.  15
    Emergent Goal‐Anticipatory Gaze in Infants via Event‐Predictive Learning and Inference.Christian Gumbsch, Maurits Adam, Birgit Elsner & Martin V. Butz - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (8).
    Cognitive Science, Volume 45, Issue 8, August 2021.
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  13.  37
    The Influence of Human Body Orientation on Distance Judgments.Edgard Jung, Kohske Takahashi, Katsumi Watanabe, Stephan de la Rosa, Martin V. Butz, Heinrich H. Bülthoff & Tobias Meilinger - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  14.  24
    Outline of a sensory-motor perspective on intrinsically moral agents.Christian Balkenius, Lola Cañamero, Philip Pärnamets, Birger Johansson, Martin Butz & Andreas Olsson - 2016 - Adaptive Behavior 24 (5):306-319.
    We propose that moral behaviour of artificial agents could be intrinsically grounded in their own sensory-motor experiences. Such an ability depends critically on seven types of competencies. First, intrinsic morality should be grounded in the internal values of the robot arising from its physiology and embodiment. Second, the moral principles of robots should develop through their interactions with the environment and with other agents. Third, we claim that the dynamics of moral emotions closely follows that of other non-social emotions used (...)
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  15. Two Basic Agreements and Two Doubts. Commentary on the target artcle by Martin V. Butz.G. Pezzulo & C. Castelfranchi - 2008 - Constructivist Foundations 4 (1).
  16. Anticipation of Motor Acts: Good for Sportsmen, Bad for Thinkers. Commentary on the target artcle by Martin V. Butz.J. G. Taylor - 2008 - Constructivist Foundations 4 (1).
  17.  36
    The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science.Andreas K. Engel, Karl J. Friston & Danica Kragic (eds.) - 2016 - MIT Press.
    Cognitive science is experiencing a pragmatic turn away from the traditional representation-centered framework toward a view that focuses on understanding cognition as "enactive." This enactive view holds that cognition does not produce models of the world but rather subserves action as it is grounded in sensorimotor skills. In this volume, experts from cognitive science, neuroscience, psychology, robotics, and philosophy of mind assess the foundations and implications of a novel action-oriented view of cognition. Their contributions and supporting experimental evidence show that (...)
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  18.  8
    Martin Heidegger, Platon: Sophistes: (Wintersemester 1924/25).Martin Heidegger & Ingeborg Schüssler - 2018 - Klostermann.
    In dieser Marburger Vorlesung aus dem Wintersemester 1924/25 stellt sich Heidegger die Aufgabe, Platons Spatdialog "Sophistes" im Ausgang von Aristoteles verstandlich zu machen. Zentrum des einleitenden Aristoteles-Teils ist die Folge der dianoethischen Tugenden im VI. Buch der "Nikomachischen Ethik", in der Heidegger die sich aufsteigernde Stufenfolge eines Entbergens erkennt und demgemass den Primat der "Physis" aus der Uberlegenheit ihres Entbergens begrundet. Damit legt Heidegger die Zusammengehorigkeit von Sein und Wahrheit als Horizont des aristotelisch-griechischen Philosophierens frei und gewinnt so den "Boden", (...)
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  19. Between Probability and Certainty: What Justifies Belief.Martin Smith - 2016 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
    This book explores a question central to philosophy--namely, what does it take for a belief to be justified or rational? According to a widespread view, whether one has justification for believing a proposition is determined by how probable that proposition is, given one's evidence. In this book this view is rejected and replaced with another: in order for one to have justification for believing a proposition, one's evidence must normically support it--roughly, one's evidence must make the falsity of that proposition (...)
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  20.  9
    To what extent can tomorrow’s doctors prevent organisational failure by speaking up?Martin Powell - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (10):682-683.
    Daniel Taylor and Dawn Goodwin present a case study of the Morecambe Bay Inquiry (MBI), which examined the high rate of maternal and neonatal deaths over a period of 9 years (2004–2013), within the small maternity unit of Furness General Hospital (FGH), one of the three hospitals comprising Morecambe Bay Hospitals Trust.1 They examine this through a conceptual lens, and provide a solution involving changes in medical education. This commentary explores both these elements. First, they use the lens of ‘Normalisation (...)
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  21.  8
    Das dialogische Prinzip.Martin Buber - 1965 - Heidelberg: Schneider,: L. Schneider.
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  22.  2
    Vom Wesen der Wahrheit.Martin Heidegger - 1954 - Frankfurt am Main,: V. Klostermann.
    Die Abhandlung "Vom Wesen der Wahrheit" enthalt den von Heidegger mehrfach uberpruften Text eines Vortrags, der 1930 u. A. In Marburg und Freiburg gehalten wurde. DIe 8. AUflage der Einzelausgabe ist wort- und seitengleich mit dem Abdruck des Textes in der 3., durchgesehenen Auflage der Einzelausgabe der "Wegmarken" sowie mit dem Abdruck in der 2., durchgesehenen Auflage der "Wegmarken" als Band 9 der Gesamtausgabe. SIe enthalt damit erstmals auch die Randbemerkungen Heideggers aus seinen Handexemplaren.
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  23.  86
    Discussive Logic. A Short History of the First Paraconsistent Logic.Fabio De Martin Polo - 2023 - In Jens Lemanski & Ingolf Max (eds.), Historia Logicae and its Modern Interpretation. London: College Publications. pp. 267--296.
    In this paper we present an overview, with historical and critical remarks, of two articles by S. Jaśkowski ([20, 21] 1948 and [22, 23] 1949), which contain the oldest known formulation of a paraconsistent logic. Jaśkowski has built the logic – he termed discussive (D2) – by defining two new connectives and by introducing a modal translation map from D2 systems into Lewis’ modal logic S5. Discussive systems, for their formal details and their original philosophical justification, have attracted discrete attention (...)
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  24.  26
    Delusion: Cognitive Approaches—Bayesian Inference and Compartmentalisation.Martin Davies & Andy Egan - 2013 - In K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard Gipps, George Graham, John Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini & Tim Thornton (eds.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy and psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 689-727.
    Cognitive approaches contribute to our understanding of delusions by providing an explanatory framework that extends beyond the personal level to the sub personal level of information-processing systems. According to one influential cognitive approach, two factors are required to account for the content of a delusion, its initial adoption as a belief, and its persistence. This chapter reviews Bayesian developments of the two-factor framework.
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  25.  80
    Limited aggregation and zoonotic disease outbreaks.Angela K. Martin & Matthias Eggel - 2022 - Transforming Food Systems: Ethics, Innovation and Responsibility. Eursafe Conference Proceedings.
    Human and animal interests are often in conflict. In many situations, however, it is unclear how to evaluate and weigh competing human and animal interests, as the satisfaction of the interests of one group often inevitably occurs at the expense of those of the other group. Human-animal conflicts of this kind give rise to ethical questions. If animals count morally for their own sake, then we must ask in which cases the satisfaction or frustration of the interests of humans and (...)
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  26.  68
    Situated agency: towards an affordance-based, sensorimotor theory of action.Martin Weichold - 2018 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 17 (4):761-785.
    Recent empirical findings from social psychology, ecological psychology, and embodied cognitive science indicate that situational factors crucially shape the course of human behavior. For instance, it has been shown that finding a dime, being under the influence of an authority figure, or just being presented with food in easy reach often influences behavior tremendously. These findings raise important new questions for the philosophy of action: Are these findings a threat to classical conceptions of human agency? Are humans passively pushed around (...)
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  27.  11
    Sequent-type rejection systems for finite-valued non-deterministic logics.Martin Gius & Hans Tompits - 2023 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 33 (3):606-640.
    A rejection system, also referred to as a complementary calculus, is a proof system axiomatising the invalid formulas of a logic, in contrast to traditional calculi which axiomatise the valid ones. Rejection systems therefore introduce a purely syntactic way of determining non-validity without having to consider countermodels, which can be useful in procedures for automated deduction and proof search. Rejection calculi have first been formally introduced by Łukasiewicz in the context of Aristotelian syllogistic and subsequently rejection systems for many well-known (...)
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  28. Beyond semantic pollution: Towards a practice-based philosophical analysis of labelled calculi.Fabio De Martin Polo - forthcoming - Erkenntnis.
    This paper challenges the negative attitudes towards labelled proof systems, usually referred to as semantic pollution, by arguing that such critiques overlook the full potential of labelled calculi. The overarching objective is to develop a practice-based philosophical analysis of labelled calculi to provide insightful considerations regarding their proof-theoretic and philosophical value. To achieve this, successful applications of labelled calculi and related results will be showcased, and comparisons with other relevant works will be discussed. The paper ends by advocating for a (...)
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  29. Anosognosia for Motor Impairments as a Delusion: Anomalies of Experience and Belief Evaluation.Martin Davies, Caitlin L. McGill & Anne M. Aimola Davies - forthcoming - In A. L. Mishara, P. R. Corlett, P. C. Fletcher, A. Kranjec & M. A. Schwartz (eds.), Phenomenological Neuropsychiatry: How Patient Experience Bridges Clinic with Clinical Neuroscience. Springer.
  30. Maladaptive Anticipations.M. Rieger - 2008 - Constructivist Foundations 4 (1):24-25.
    Open peer commentary on the target article “How and Why the Brain Lays the Foundations for a Conscious Self” by Martin V. Butz. Excerpt: There are circumstances when anticipation can be maladaptive. In the following paragraphs, the occurrence of maladaptive anticipation will be illustrated in reference to psychological disorders (depression, generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia). It will be shown that anticipation does not always lead to improved control of oneself and the environment and that anticipation is not always (...)
     
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  31.  99
    Direct acquaintance with intrinsic value.Martin Dimitrov - forthcoming - Philosophical Quarterly.
    Upon introspection, we judge that suffering feels bad. I argue there is no appearance-reality gap when it comes to introspective judgments about simple, intrinsic, nonrepresentational phenomenal states like itches, tingling, and suffering's feeling bad. On constitutivism about phenomenal introspection, there is no appearance-reality gap here because these judgments are literally constituted by the phenomenal states they are about. As a result, we are directly acquainted with the intrinsic properties of experience in having these judgments. Reflecting on our direct acquaintance with (...)
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  32.  98
    Fusion, fission, and Ackermann’s truth constant in relevant logics: A proof-theoretic investigation.Fabio De Martin Polo - forthcoming - In Andrew Tedder, Shawn Standefer & Igor Sedlar (eds.), New Directions in Relevant Logic. Springer.
    The aim of this paper is to provide a proof-theoretic characterization of relevant logics including fusion and fission connectives, as well as Ackermann’s truth constant. We achieve this by employing the well-established methodology of labelled sequent calculi. After having introduced several systems, we will conduct a detailed proof-theoretic analysis, show a cut-admissibility theorem, and establish soundness and completeness. The paper ends with a discussion that contextualizes our current work within the broader landscape of the proof theory of relevant logics.
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  33.  4
    Editorial Introduction to a Symposium on Roger Scruton’s Conservatism—An Invitation to the Great Tradition.Martin Https://Orcidorg Beckstein - 2019 - .
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  34. Decision theory and de minimis risk.Martin Smith - forthcoming - Erkenntnis:1-24.
    A de minimis risk is defined as a risk that is so small that it may be legitimately ignored when making a decision. While ignoring small risks is common in our day-to-day decision making, attempts to introduce the notion of a de minimis risk into the framework of decision theory have run up against a series of well-known difficulties. In this paper, I will develop an enriched decision theoretic framework that is capable of overcoming two major obstacles to the modelling (...)
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  35.  2
    Die Werke des hl. Thomas von Aquin.Martin Grabmann - 1967 - Münster/Westf.,: Aschendorff.
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  36.  3
    Theorie der Rechtsgewinnung: entwickelt am Problem d. Verfassungsinterpretation.Martin Kriele - 1967 - Berlin: Duncker und Humblot.
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  37.  1
    Metapher, Allegorie und Materialität des Körpers als Medien des nationalen Gedächtnisses in der Frühen Neuzeit.Martin Windisch - 1998 - Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft Und Geistesgeschichte 72 (1):90-115.
    Die theatralische Verkörperung der imagines agentes im Shakespeareschen Oeuvre, die noch für die bildhaften Denkformen bei Thomas Hobbes prägend wirkte, bezieht in Titus Andronicus und in Julius Caesar besondere Suggestivität durch die intertextuelle Einverleibung antiker Nationalerzählungen. Den dramatischen Aufzug bildmagisch aufgeladener Staatskörper konterkarieren bei Shakespeare, genauso wie in der vergleichend herangezogenen Faerie Queene, ikonoklastisch ausgestaltete Gegenbewegungen, die letztlich auf das frühneuzeitliche Dilemma der an Bedeutung überdeterminierten Körperbildlichkeit hinweisen. Die Metaphorik der zwei Körper des Königs implodiert, wo sie — wie schließlich (...)
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  38. On Bitcoin: A Study in Applied Metaphysics.Martin A. Lipman - 2023 - Philosophical Quarterly 73 (3):783-802.
    This essay is dedicated to the memory of Katherine Hawley.1Bitcoin was invented to serve as a digital currency that demands no trust in financial institutions, such as commercial and central banks. This paper discusses metaphysical aspects of bitcoin, in particular the view that bitcoin is socially constructed, non-concrete, and genuinely exists. If bitcoin is socially constructed, then one may worry that this reintroduces trust in the communities responsible for the social construction. Although we may have to rely on certain communities, (...)
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  39. Laws and the Completeness of the Fundamental.Martin Glazier - 2016 - In Mark Jago (ed.), Reality Making. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 11-37.
    Any explanation of one fact in terms of another will appeal to some sort of connection between the two. In a causal explanation, the connection might be a causal mechanism or law. But not all explanations are causal, and neither are all explanatory connections. For example, in explaining the fact that a given barn is red in terms of the fact that it is crimson, we might appeal to a non-causal connection between things’ being crimson and their being red. Many (...)
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  40.  4
    On inception.Martin Heidegger - 2023 - Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Indiana University Press. Edited by Peter Hanly.
    On Inception is a translation of Martin Heidegger's Gesamtausgabe 70. This work belongs to the crucial period, before and during WWII, when Heidegger was at work on a series of treatises that begins with "Contributions to Philosophy" and includes "The Event" and "The History of Beyng." These works are difficult, even hermetic, but represent a crucial development in Heidegger's thinking. On Inception deepens the investigation underway in the other volumes of the series and provides a unique perspective on Heidegger's (...)
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  41. Standpoints: A Study of a Metaphysical Picture.Martin A. Lipman - 2023 - Journal of Philosophy 120 (3):117-138.
    There is a type of metaphysical picture that surfaces in a range of philosophical discussions, is of intrinsic interest, and yet remains ill-understood. According to this picture, the world contains a range of standpoints relative to which different facts obtain. Any true representation of the world cannot but adopt a particular standpoint. The aim of this paper is to propose a regimentation of a metaphysics that underwrites this picture. Key components are a factive notion of metaphysical relativity, a deflationary notion (...)
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  42. Rationalizing.Martin Sticker - 2021 - Cambridge University Press.
    Kant was a keen psychological observer and theorist of the forms, mechanisms and sources of self-deception. In this Element, the author discusses the role of rationalizing/Vernünfteln for Kant's moral psychology, normative ethics and philosophical methodology. By drawing on the full breadth of examples of rationalizing Kant discusses, the author shows how rationalizing can extend to general features of morality and corrupt rational agents thoroughly. Furthermore, the author explains the often-overlooked roles common human reason, empirical practical reason and even pure practical (...)
     
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  43. "Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and the Threat to Academic Freedom": Preface.Martín López Corredoira, Tom Todd & Erik J. Olsson - 2022 - In M. López-Corredoira, T. Todd & E. J. Olsson (eds.), Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and the Threat to Academic Freedom. Imprint Academic.
    There can be no doubt that discrimination based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or beliefs should not be tolerated in academia. Surprisingly, however, in recent years, policies of Diversity, Inclusion and Equity(DIE), officially introduced to counteract discrimination, have increasingly led to quite the opposite result: the exclusion of individuals who do not share a radical 'woke' ideology on identity politics (feminism, other gender activisms, critical race theory, etc.), and to the suppression of the academic freedom to discuss such dogmas. This (...)
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  44.  65
    Poverty, Exploitation, Mere Things and Mere Means.Martin Sticker - 2021 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 26 (2):1-17.
    I argue that, alongside the already well-established prohibition against treating persons as mere means, Kant’s Formula of Humanity requires a prohibition against treating persons as mere things. The former captures ethical violations due to someone’s (perceived) instrumental value, e.g. exploitation, the latter captures cases in which I mistreat others because they have no instrumental value to me. These are cases in which I am indifferent and complacent towards persons in need; forms of mistreatment frequently suffered by the world’s poorest. I (...)
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  45. Subjective Facts about Consciousness.Martin A. Lipman - 2023 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 10:530-553.
    The starting point of this paper is the thought that the phenomenal appearances that accompany mental states are somehow only there, or only real, from the standpoint of the subject of those mental states. The world differs across subjects in terms of which appearances obtain. Not only are subjects standpoints across which the world varies, subjects are standpoints that we can ‘adopt’ in our own theorizing about the world (or stand back from). The picture that is suggested by these claims (...)
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  46.  48
    The ontological turn: an anthropological exposition.Martin Holbraad - 2017 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Morten Axel Pedersen.
    This book provides the first systematic presentation of anthropology's 'ontological turn', placing it in the landscape of contemporary social theory.
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  47. Rationality and Relativism.Martin Hollis & Steven Lukes - 1986 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 176 (3):413-413.
     
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  48. Mental Simulation: Evaluations and Applications.Martin Davies & Tony Stone (eds.) - 1995 - Blackwell.
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  49.  4
    De la Crítica de la Razón Pura a Ser y Tiempo. La influencia del proyecto filosófico de Kant en Martin Heidegger.Francisco Romero Martín - 2023 - Studia Heideggeriana 12:155-165.
    En esta investigación intentaremos explicitar hasta qué punto Ser y Tiempo es una suerte de tentativa por retomar, en forma correcta, el originario proyecto filosófico que Kant desplegó en su Crítica de la razón pura. Para lograr justificar nuestra conjetura nos centraremos especialmente en la obra de Heidegger Kant y el problema de la Metafísica (1929). En dicho texto nos encontraremos con una controvertida interpretación que el pensador de Meßkirch elaboró del opus magnum de Immanuel Kant. Interpretación que, justamente, podría (...)
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  50. Treacherous Terms.Ernst von Glasersfeld - 2008 - Constructivist Foundations 4 (1):16-17.
    Open peer commentary on the target article “How and Why the Brain Lays the Foundations for a Conscious Self” by Martin V. Butz. Excerpt: I feel that the use of terms such as “code,” “information,” and “symbol” for neural constellations that are not further described defeats the intention of the analysis presented because unless these terms are explicitly given specific neurobiological definitions they inevitably suggest the presence of a consciously reflecting agent.
     
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