The speech-to-song illusion ( Deutsch et al., 2011 ) tracks the perceptual transformation from speech to song across repetitions of a brief spoken utterance. Because it involves no change in the stimulus itself, but a dramatic change in its perceived affiliation to speech or to music, it presents a unique opportunity to comparatively investigate the processing of language and music. In this study, native English-speaking participants were presented with brief spoken utterances that were subsequently repeated ten times. The utterances were (...) drawn either from languages that are relatively difficult for a native English speaker to pronounce, or languages that are relatively easy for a native English speaker to pronounce. Moreover, the repetition could occur at regular or irregular temporal intervals. Participants rated the utterances before and after the repetitions on a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from “sounds exactly like speech” to “sounds exactly like singing.” The difference in ratings before and after was taken as a measure of the strength of the speech-to-song illusion in each case. The speech-to-song illusion occurred regardless of whether the repetitions were spaced at regular temporal intervals or not; however, it occurred more readily if the utterance was spoken in a language difficult for a native English speaker to pronounce. Speech circuitry seemed more liable to capture native and easy-to-pronounce languages, and more reluctant to relinquish them to perceived song across repetitions. (shrink)

Gebara's succinct yet moving statement of her principles of ecofeminism shows how intertwined are the tarnished environment around her and the poverty that afflicts her neighbors. From her experiences with the Brazilian poor women's movement she develops a gritty urban ecofeminism and indeed articulates a whole worldview. She shows how the connections between Western thought, partriachal Christianity, and environmental destruction necessitate personal conversion to "an new relationship with the earth and with the entire cosmos.".

Transcending the various formal concepts of life, this captivating book offers a unique overview of life's history, essences, and future. "A masterpiece of scientific writing. You will cherish "What Is Life?" because it is so rich in poetry and science in the service of profound philosophical questions".--Mitchell Thomashow, "Orion". 9 photos. 11 line illustrations.

O objectivo do artigo é analisar a concepção de contrato social expressa no An Essay Concerning the True Original Extent, and End of Civil Government, e a concepção que do mesmo tema apresenta Burke nas Reflections on the Revolution in France e no Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs. Seleccionámos um conjunto de pontos que gostaríamos de apresentar, primeiro em Locke e depois em Burke, e que ilustram passos importantes da sua doutrina, estabelecendo a peculiaridade de um face (...) ao outro. a)Definiremos o que é a Sociedade Civil em contraposição com o Estado Natural, as razões que levam ao seu estabelecimento e o que esta significa em termos do desenvolvimento humano; b)Daí partiremos para a análise do estatuto do sujeito na sociedade; c)Concluiremos com a apreciação do poder de contestação do governo por parte dos cidadãos e da comunidade política e a decorrente diferença de estabilidade do pacto social. (shrink)

Este texto descreve a trajetória do Projeto Pensar: Filosofia com Criança, que através de uma proposta empreendida e testada com um grupo de crianças de 5(cinco) a 7 (sete) anos das escolas particulares e municipais de Araçatuba SP, demonstra a importância da docência voltada para a construção do conhecimento em sala de aula, usando a filosofia como fio condutor para estimular nas crianças o pensar filosófico como um caminho possível e necessário para melhorar a sua aprendizagem e torná-las cidadãs e (...) adultos reflexivos, críticos e criativos. (shrink)

Negative externalities pervade immigration law. For example, immigration rules can cause negative economic externalities by barring foreign nationals whose participation would make labor markets more efficient. On the other hand, sweeping executive-branch measures to assist immigrants may unduly expand executive power and yield adverse effects on governance. This essay divides immigration's negative externalities into three categories: economic, relational, and rhetorical. It then argues for specific legal and policy measures, including tailored executive discretion over deportation; more robust court review of immigration (...) restrictions that affect foreign nationals outside the United States; and classifying deportation of lawful permanent residents of the United States as punishment requiring advance notice that specific acts can prompt removal, like the notice the Constitution's Ex Post Facto Clause requires for criminal laws. (shrink)

One of the more powerful recurring motifs in the Iliad is that of the grief-stricken woman lamenting the death of a hero. As with much else in the Homeric epics, these scenes have a formulaic character; when Briseis laments Patroclus, and Hecuba, Andromache and Helen lament Hector, each is depicted delivering a specialized form of speech, specific to the context of a woman's lament. The narrative depiction of grieving women, as well, is formalized, with specific gestures and recurring images that (...) typify these scenes. One element of this depiction that has largely escaped serious consideration is the comparison of a woman in her initial moment of recognition of the corpse to Aphrodite. In this article, I will argue that the allusion is not merely to her beauty but to the myth of Aphrodite and Adonis, specifically the moment of the goddess’ discovery of the death of her mortal lover. As the earliest surviving explicit reference to Adonis in Greek literature appears c.600 b.c.e., this would require a raising of the terminus ante quem for the transmission of the Adonis myth from the Near East to the mid eighth century. (shrink)

Studying a complex cultural phenomenon like music requires many kinds of expertise. Savage et al. adopt a pluralistic approach, considering multiple forms of evidence and perspectives from multiple fields. This commentary argues that a similar scholarly ecumenicism should be embraced by more studies of music and other cultural phenomena.

This paper outlines the ongoing challenges faced by feminist theology in Latin America as it enters the twenty-first century, given the continuing ecclesial antipathy towards its goals, its proponents and its practitioners. This marginalized position with respect to the Catholic Church allows feminist theologians a certain distance from ecclesiastical control, but at the same time means that as a movement feminist theology lacks influence because of its distance from the centre of power. Meanwhile, socio-economic factors continue to oppress the poorest, (...) many of whom— especially women—find solace in the institutional Church and the religious models that feminist theology wishes to critique. As a result of these forces, the future of feminist theology remains uncertain. (shrink)

“I am, but I do not own myself”—this famous formula of Plessner conceives man as an excentric subject, i.e. a being who can never dominate and dispose of himself as a whole. If we add to Plessner's dictum Bloch's answer to it: “I am. But I do not own myself. Therefore we are still becoming” then we are already suggesting the anthropological space of the imaginary; because the ability to imagine something that is not, plays an essential role in this (...) subject's becoming. (shrink)

A comunicação busca encontrar o que seria o salão literário de Dona Leonor de Almeida, Marquesa de Alorna. Nesta revisitação, constatamos a emergência de uma sociabilidade heterossexual onde a conversação se eleva a arte.Elegemos o Palácio Fronteira como o salão em português. Propomos que o emblemático Palácio Fronteira, em São Domingos de Benfica, subsuma todos os outros salões que sabemos terem existido – sem esquecermos nunca da iniciática função dos outeiros de Chelas.Conhecemos Alcipe romanticamente “épica” cuja vida mergulhada na caótica (...) época de transição histórica é evocada pelos mais diversos testemunhos da elite que a frequenta. Contactamo-la sobretudo no discurso directo em que a sua palavra poética fala. No salão de Benfica também se assiste ao declínio do discurso normativo-eclesiástico e se constata a emergência da afirmação da mulher enquanto ser de beleza, pensamento, vontade e poder. Alcipe não se afirma apenas enquanto uma culta aglutinadora de gente de espírito da sua geração, mas como alguém que, além de ter sabido impor a opinião poética vanguardista do seu tempo, possui igualmente ideias políticas próprias e, pese embora os mal-entendidos do seu tempo, pretende partilhar da solução dos problemas. (shrink)

La investigación contiene un diseño cuasi experimental, de campo, transversal, comparativo entre diez grupos de estudiantes universitarios en diferentes facultades de derecho, pertenecientes a diez Municipios del Estado de México. Población: 4,896 estudiantes de facultades estatales de derecho de donde se obtuvo una muestra aleatoria de 3,578 estudiantes perteneciente a diez facultades. Material y Procedimiento: Se aplicó: Cuestionario de Valores y antivalores VALANTI y Test de Valores de Allport donde se utilizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov con rectificación Lilliefors para determinar (...) tanto la bondad de ajuste de dos distribuciones de probabilidad entre sí como la parametría de las mismas. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo en la muestra para conocer las características e inferencial con la prueba de ANOVA para conocer la diferencia significativa p<0.05 entre los grupos de estudiantes que pertenecían a diferentes Municipios y diferentes grados de estudio. Resultados: Existe diferencia significativa de valores entre estudiantes que estudian en diferentes Municipios en: Valor Económico, Valor Político y Valor No violencia. También entre diferentes semestres en: Valor Teórico, Valor Político Valor y No violencia. Señalando que, dentro de las aulas de clases se modela comportamientos para el quehacer profesional basado en valores éticos y morales. (shrink)

ABSTRACT: In this article, we intend to address the role of memory and narrative in the constitution of personal identity, based on Alice Munro’s short story “The Bear Came Over the Mountain” and the theoretical concepts of Paul Ricoeur (especially in Oneself as Another). This movement will allow us to underscore the idea that, contrary to what part of the analytical literature on identity and narrative has held, it is not just what we might call self-narrative that plays a role (...) in maintaining personal identity. Instead, we recover the Ricoeurian idea of a network of narratives or tangled of stories, in which self- and hetero-narratives are entangled, thus providing support to the identities it captures. (shrink)

We argue that music can serve as a time-sensitive lens into the interplay between instrumental and ritual stances in cultural evolution. Over various timescales, music can switch between pursuing an end goal or not, and between presenting a causal opacity that is resolvable, or not. With these fluctuations come changes in the motivational structures that drive innovation versus copying.

Children with HIV are dependent on taking continuous medication and care, and family preparation is required when disclosing HIV. This study aimed to unveil families’ experiences with HIV disclosure to children under 13 years old. Eight family members who have disclosed HIV to seropositive children were interviewed in‐depth and individually. The fieldwork took place at a public paediatric outpatient hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The results showed that the family members’ discourse highlighted two ways of knowing their own condition and (...) disclosing the condition of the children with HIV. First, they needed to address the communication of bad news and discover their own HIV status through their children's disease. Second, the disclosure was a process constituted by four stages: preparing for disclosure, identifying the time, deciding how and where to tell, and instilling silence after disclosure. They also recognized that nurses had a role in the process as part of an interprofessional team. Nurses can develop advocacy care and empower family members in the preparation of safe HIV disclosure. By systematizing and institutionalizing the care advocacy process, nurses may enable caretakers and children to participate in their therapeutic management, improving adherence to the treatment and self‐care with autonomy. (shrink)

Ao contemplar a realidade do enriqueci-mento de muitos, somada à corrupção, à violência e à impunidade, o homem justo e honesto sente-se seduzido pelo enriqueci-mento rápido e tentado a reproduzir a mesma prática do injusto. O Salmo 37 é expressão da verdadeira sabedoria, que ilumina o justo para manter-se firme, em seu caminho, vivendo a não-violência, confiando e mostrando a alternativa de um mundo diferente.

BackgroundOrgan transplantation represents the most effective and acceptable therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, its frequent practice often leads to a shortage of organs worldwide. To solve this dilemma, some countries, such as Portugal, have switched from an opt-in to an opt-out system, which has raised concerns about respect for individual autonomy. We aimed to evaluate whether young university students are aware of this opt-out system so that they can make informed, autonomous and conscious decisions, as well as to identify (...) the factors that determine a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional study was developed and a questionnaire was administered to first-year students from six faculties of the University of Porto.ResultsOf the 841 participants, 60% were unaware that Portugal had adopted an opt-out system. Among the informed individuals, their main sources of information included social media, internet, and family. Furthermore, only 48% of all participants agreed with the current opt-out system. Female sex (p = 0.049; OR 1.393), knowledge of the law (p < 0.001; OR 4.749) and family being the primary source of information (p < 0.001; OR 2.855) were independent factors associated with a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation law.ConclusionsThere is a significant lack of knowledge among young university students regarding the presumed post-mortem organ donation law and how it works. Female sex, having family as a primary source of information and being aware of the presumed post-mortem organ donation law are the strongest independent factors that determine a positive attitude toward the opt-out system. (shrink)

La novela El prestigio de la belleza se presenta como un producto cultural que evidencia la preocupación actual hacia una de las temáticas más antiguas: la belleza. Esta temática es asumida desde la semiótica como un valor cultural, según Greimas; no obstante, en la novela se presentan unos personajes que, al ser analizados semióticamente, mediante lo figurativo, semio-narrativo y axiológico, permiten la reconstrucción del valor belleza y la orientación hacia diferentes objetos donde se vierte este valor para generar múltiples representaciones (...) discursivas de la belleza. (shrink)

With this area of the second triad contrasts above all the last sefirah, in which all these colours, as well as the various nuances of white-red, red-white, and a mixture of both, flash all together or one after the other, as they did already in Azriel and often in the Zohar. Since she represents the divine power closest to the created world—in part even immanent in it, she is the richest in symbolism, and in colour symbolism as well. Here the (...) Kabbalah returns, in mystical correlations and transformations, to older motifs, some of which we have already discussed above. (shrink)

The foundation of methodical development of literary hermeneutics represents an altogether new proposition. There existed for centuries an old tradition of philological hermeneutics. It can glory in its venerable origins: the interpretation of ecclesiastical canonical writing, an art which ever since the period of Humanism has been erecting for itself a proud monument of re-edited and corrected texts and commentaries of ancient authors. It can also show just as impressive a result of historical interpretation of the texts of the world's (...) literary past which had served the ideal of an “objective” and therefore scholarly knowledge. However we know that these achievements were not a monopoly of the traditional philological hermeneutics, but were shared with the theological, juridical, philosophical and distorical hermeneutics: in short, with all branches of study concerned with editing, critical study of sources and historical interpretation of the writings of the past. The merits of the traditional hermeneutics of literary texts are so unexceptional, its history so difficult to distinguish from other regional hermeneutics that the epistemologist can speak of a common philological basis and pose the following fundamental question: where does the independence of literary hermeneutics really begin? How has it operated and how does it operate today in order to render justice to the aesthetic character of its texts? (shrink)

Science is at present passing through a credibility crisis*. One could almost say a moral crisis. As a matter of fact we are standing at a turning point in the relationship between science and society, a turning point marked by the change from a social evolution characterized by high productivity and growth, into an evolution which might lead humanity to a new balance between individuality and collectivity.At the beginning of the 20th century and during its second half the scientific world (...) had suffered the impact of two significant revolutions: first of physics and then of biology. The basic discoveries in the field of physics led to applications in realms of energy, transportation, communication, electricity, electronics, and data processing. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta algumas das principais idéias de Winnicott sobre a agressividade, particularmente no que diz respeito às suas raízes e à relação entre agressividade e fase intermediária do desenvolvimento emocional. Enfatiza o papel do meio ambiente na transformação do impulso agressivo natural em destrutividade ou em criatividade. É utilizada, como ilustração clínica, a mudança das atitudes destrutivas em atividades construtivas de Boaz, um adolescente de 16 anos, personagem de Caixa preta, livro do escritor israelense Amós Oz.This paper presents some (...) of Winnicott's ideas on aggressiveness, with special attention to its roots and to the relationship between aggression and the intermediate stage of the emotional development. It emphasizes the role of the environment in transforming the natural aggressive impulse into destructibility or creativity. Boaz's - the sixteen-year-old character in "Black Box", a romance by the Israeli writer Amós Oz - change from destructive attitudes to constructive activities is used as a clinical illustration. (shrink)

Do ponto de vista teórico, o trabalho ressalta a originalidade de uma visão das doenças psicossomáticas que aponta, não apenas para os aspectos negativos da cisão psique/soma, mas que leva em conta, igualmente, seus aspectos positivos. Da biografia e da ficção de Samuel Beckett são retirados os elementos para uma ilustração da teoria do adoecer psicossomático e dos bloqueios da criatividade causados por falhas ambientais. Falhas precoces dos cuidados maternos são relacionadas às experiências que se encontram na origem tanto de (...) uma dissociação entre a psique e o corpo, como de uma deficiência no estabelecimento de uma área intermediária de experiência, lugar da criatividade. A noção de espaço potencial como lugar de criatividade e de experiências restauradoras aponta para a originalidade de uma clínica que não se limita à análise das representações do mundo interno do paciente.From the theoretic standpoint, the work points out the originality of a vision of the psychosomatic illnesses that not only points to the negative aspects of the psychic/soma scission, but that also takes into account, equally, its positive aspects. The elements for the illustration of the psychosomatic illness theory and of the creativity block onset by environmental failures are taken from maternal care are related to the experiences found in the origin of a disassociation between the psychic and the body, as well as of a deficiency in the establishment of an intermediate area of experience, the location of creativity. The notion of the potential space as a location of creativity and of restoring experiences points to the originality of a clinic that is not limited to the analysis of the representation of the patient's internal world. (shrink)

A psicanálise começa com a interpretação dos sonhos, quando Freud dá razão, contra a psiquiatria organicista, aos oniromantes. Para Winnicott, os sonhos, antes de serem objetos de interpretação, são objetos de experiências de . Esse modo de conceber os sonhos é retomado e desenvolvido por Masud Khan.Psychoanalysis begins with the interpretation of dreams, when Freud, in opposition to organicist psychiatry, defends the oneirocritics. For Winnicott, rather than objects of interpretation, dreams are objects of experiences of the self. This way of (...) looking at dreams is then adopted and developed by Masud Khan. (shrink)

A comparação entre Freud e Winnicott, quanto ao término da análise, faz-se na ótica das relações entre o feminino e o masculino. Explora-se o diferencial de conceituação no entendimento dos processos pulsional e identificatório, da natureza da dissociação observada na clínica e da eficácia dos meios terapêuticos utilizados. A contribuição de Winnicott, de uma relação puramente feminina ao seio, dá-se no prolongamento da reflexão freudiana sobre o narcisismo primário, constituindo um instigante deslocamento no que diz respeito às idéias e às (...) práticas da psicanálise clássica. Ressalta-se uma nova visão dos opostos masculino/feminino: ao invés de designarem predicados do sujeito ou de suas condutas, indicam a complementaridade entre dois tipos de relações, levando-se em conta o tempo e o espaço onde elas se dão.This article makes a comparison between Freud and Winnicott, talking about the end of a psicoanalysis process, taking into consideration the relationship between male and female aspects. It explains how to understand the following conceptual differences: driven and identification process; the nature of the dissociation as observed in the clinical practice; the efficiency of the applied therapeutic resources. Winnicott's contribution - the unique connection between a mother and the infant - derives from a reflexion on Freud's primary narcissism, setting up a new approach on the ideas and practices of classic psicoanalysis. It emphasizes a new vision on the male/female opposition, stating that male/female is complementary to each other considering when and where it happens and not only personal qualities or attitudes. (shrink)

In a time marked by the development of innovative treatments in healthcare and the need for health professionals to deal with resulting ethical dilemmas in clinical practice, this study was developed to determine the influence of the bioethics teaching on the moral competence of medical and nursing students. The authors conduct a longitudinal study using the Moral Competence Test extended version before and after attending the ethics curricular unit, in three nursing schools and three medical schools of Portugal. In this (...) questionnaire the participant is confronted with three ethical dilemmas and asked to evaluate arguments for and against the attitude of the main character. For both nursing and medical students, C-score was lower after the attendance of the ethics curricular units, with a statistically significant decrease in the total score for nursing students and a decrease not statistically significant for medical students. A multivariate analysis did not find any association between this decrease and gender, course, or age. The phenomenon of moral segmentation was observed, with better performance in the worker and judge dilemma, than in the doctor dilemma. These results highlight the need to reflect on the curricular strategies that can be implemented for health professionals to better develop moral competence and decision-making, allowing for the provision of humanized health care. (shrink)

O livro do Anônimo Perusino descreve a vida, palavras e feitos de Francisco de Assis, um santo que oferece perspectivas e referências para além de seu tempo. Trata-se de um texto permeado de fé com a intencionalida- de de nortear os caminhos de franciscanos que querem manter vivos a espiritualidade e carisma franciscano. A descrição do “jeito franciscano de ser” remete às pistas necessárias para uma educação permeada de Princípios, Valores e Atitudes.

BackgroundIn the last 2 weeks of January 2021, Portugal was the worst country in the world in incidence of infections and deaths due to COVID-19. As a result, the pressure on the healthcare system increased exponentially, exceeding its capacities and leaving hospitals in near collapse. This scenario caused multiple constraints, particularly for hospital medical staff. Previous studies conducted at different moments during the pandemic reported that COVID-19 has had significant negative impacts on healthcare workers’ psychological health, including stress, anxiety, depression, (...) burnout, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and sleep disturbances. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the professional quality of life of hospital nurses and physicians. To address gaps in previous research on secondary traumatic stress, we focused on healthcare workers working in hospitals affected by a major traumatic event: the third wave of COVID-19.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to identify the contribution of personal and work-related contextual variables on professional quality of life of healthcare workers.MethodsCross-sectional study with a web-based questionnaire given to physicians and nurses working in a hospital setting. A total of 853 healthcare professionals participated in the survey assessing professional quality of life compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout. Factors of professional quality of life were assessed using regression analysis.ResultsMost of the participants showed moderate or high levels of compassion satisfaction, whereas the majority of them experienced moderate levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. The analyzed variables demonstrated no differences between professionals who were directly or not involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. Parental status was found to be a significant factor in compassion satisfaction. Female gender was significantly associated with more susceptibility to secondary traumatization. Factors that may potentially contribute to burnout include years of professional experience and the number of work hours per week.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has created a new challenge for the healthcare system. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress can lead to medical errors and impact standards of patient care, particularly compromising compassionate care. It is therefore recommended that hospitals develop psychoeducational initiatives to support professionals in dealing with barriers to compassion. (shrink)