(1982). The future of the Central American and Caribbean region. World Futures: Vol. 18, Alternatives for Humankind: The Role of Latin America, pp. 125-134.

OLIVEIRA, Ibraim Vitor de. Arché e Telos. Niilismo filosófico e crise da linguagem em Fr. Nietzsche e M. Heidegger. PANASIEWICZ, Roberlei. A virada hermenêutica da teologia e o pluralismo religioso: um estudo sobre a contribuição da Teologia Hermenêutica de Claude Geffré à Teologia das Religiões. CALDEIRA, Rodrigo Coppe. O influxo ultramontano no Brasil e o pensamento de Plínio Corrêa de Oliveira. SILVA, Antônio Francisco da. Álvaro Negromonte: modernidade, religião e educação. Uma tentativa de aproximação entre o público e o (...) privado, na educação brasileira. (shrink)

O desenvolvimento tecnológico promoveu o aumento de produção e compartilhamento de conteúdo em plataformas digitais, sendo difícil gerenciar o acesso adequado a informações. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir os efeitos do direito ao esquecimento no ambiente digital, considerando o processo de desindexação como estratégia para operacionalizar a efetividade desse direito. Tomando como referências arcabouços teóricos-conceituais acerca da complexidade compósita da informação e de antinomias entre a dignidade da pessoa humana e a liberdade de expressão e o direito à (...) informação, oriundos, respectivamente, da Ciência da Informação e do Direito, analisam-se e discutem-se algumas decisões jurisprudenciais e posicionamentos doutrinários no cenário brasileiro. O direito ao esquecimento está cercado de ambivalências e desafios de ordens normativa, tecnológica e cultural, num compartilhamento de informações em níveis sem precedentes que interferem negativamente na sua efetivação no ambiente digital. (shrink)

Entrevista con la filósofa argentina Silvia Schwarzböck.

A tese de Arendt sobre Agostinho, apresentada em 1929 e revisada pela autora entre os anos cinquenta e sessenta, é geralmente tomada como obra de juventude e preterida por seus leitores e comentadores. Na contramão dessa tendência, este artigo sugere que possamos encontrar nesses escritos o despontar de temas que serão deslocados pela autora em seus posteriores esforços para iluminar a experiência política. Trata-se então de tecer um comentário geral sobre a tese, indicando possíveis aproximações com os textos da maturidade, (...) sobretudo no que diz respeito a três temas: a revelação de um ser singular através da ação; o papel da memória e da narração na constituição de nossa existência; e a confiança como única garantia de nossos acordos e promessas. (shrink)

Neste trabalho, pretendemos avaliar criticamente algumas das teses de John McDowellsobre a natureza da virtude, tal como expostas em seu artigo “Virtue and Reason” e, ao fazê-lo,expor algumas de suas limitações. Mais especificamente, tratarei o que vejo como problemas emsua apresentação da virtude como uma forma de conhecimento, e sua proposta – corporificada natese da unidade das virtudes – de que as virtudes comumente reconhecidas deveriam ser vistascomo manifestações parciais da virtude enquanto tal. Também enfocarei a assertiva de McDowellde que (...) o conhecimento que constitui a virtude não pode ser visto como tendo um conteúdoproposicional que se preste a uma codificação em princípios de conduta – a tese de nãocodificabilidade– e a relação da postura pessoal de McDowell com a empreitada mais ampla daética de virtudes. (shrink)

In a seminal work, Tversky and Kahneman showed that in some contexts people tend to believe that a conjunction of events (e.g., Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement) is more likely to occur than one of the conjuncts (e.g., Linda is a bank teller). This belief violates the conjunction rule in probability theory. Tversky and Kahneman called this phenomenon the “conjunction fallacy”. Since the discovery of the phenomenon in 1983, researchers in psychology and philosophy (...) have engaged in important controversies around the conjunction fallacy. The goal of this paper is to explore the most important of these controversies, namely, the controversy about the nature of the conjunction fallacy. Is the conjunction fallacy mainly due to a misunderstanding of the problem by participants (misunderstanding hypothesis) or is it mainly due to a genuine reasoning bias (reasoning bias hypothesis)? A substantial portion of research on the topic has been directed to test the misunderstanding hypothesis. I review this literature and argue that a stronger case can be made against the misunderstanding hypothesis. Thus, I indirectly provide support for the reasoning bias hypothesis. (shrink)

Human emotional expressions can communicate the emotional state of the expresser, but they can also communicate appeals to perceivers. For example, sadness expressions such as crying request perceivers to aid and support, and anger expressions such as shouting urge perceivers to back off. Some contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) systems can mimic human emotional expressions in a (more or less) realistic way, and they are progressively being integrated into our daily lives. How should we respond to them? Do we have reasons (...) to reply to the appeals made by AI emotional expressions? In this paper, we examine the conditions under which AI emotional expressions could give us prudential or even moral reasons to change our behavior. We argue that these conditions do not depend on whether the emotional expression is genuine or not, but rather on the presence of features some of which can be implemented in emotive AI given our current level of technological development. We extract recommendations and warnings for the development of emotive AI. (shrink)

This paper tracks Derrida’s allusion to the “phoenix motif” in the recently published Life Death seminar, showing how it foreshadows and overlaps with the political problematic of “national humanism” made explicit in Geschlecht III. I argue that, be it in Hegel, Fichte, Nietzsche, or Heidegger, biological life is always in the service of a spiritual life that finds its breath in a certain reappropriation of the German idiom. Following Derrida, I argue that this “philosophy-of-life German” introduces a sinister equivocality between (...) these thinkers and National Socialism, and this in spite of all their prudence to shield their discourses from such a co-option. (shrink)

O filósofo alemão do século 19, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, por meio do seu método genealógico, analisou o tema do ódio e vingança trabalhando e desenvolvendo o conceito de ressentimento, que para ele tem atuação no campo fisiológico, psicológico e social e possui relação com a moral de rebanho e a sentimentos como ódio, inveja e rancor. Nietzsche irá desenvolver amplamente o conceito de ressentimento em sua obra emblemática, Para a Genealogia da moral,obra pela qual desempenha um papel central no seu (...) ataque à moral. Mesmo sem ter inaugurado o conceito de ressentimento o filósofo dá a ele novas interpretações e utilizações. Em busca de possíveis aproximações com o homem contemporâneo e a cultura atual e buscando possibilidades para futuros estudos, que este artigo pretende analisar o moderno fenômeno de ódio expresso nas redes sociais virtuais sob a ótica da moral do ressentimento nietzschiana. A motivação para essa investigação e estudo se deve ao crescimento do fenômeno de ódio na atualidade e que tornou a internet um campo propício para diversos ataques em que, por vezes, determinado perfil de usuário expressa um discurso agressivo predominado pelo ódio. (shrink)

This paper examines employees’ reactions to Corporate Social Responsibility programs at the attitudinal level. The results presented are drawn from an in-depth study of two Chilean construction firms that have well-established CSR programs. Grounded theory was applied to the data prior to the construction of the conceptual framework. The analysis shows that the implementation of CSR programs generates two types of attitudes in employees: attitudes toward the organization and attitudes toward society. These two broad types of attitudes can then be (...) broken down into four different categories : acceptance of the new role of the organization, identification with the organization, importance attached to the work performed and a sense of social justice. In turn, each of these categories is a grouping of many different concepts, some of which have at first sight little to do with CSR. Finally, the analysis reveals an attitudinal employee typology: the committed worker, the indifferent worker, and the dissident worker. (shrink)

I propose and defend the conjecture that what explains why Gettiered subjects fail to know is the fact that their justified true belief depends essentially on unknown propositions. The conjecture follows from the plausible principle about inference in general according to which one knows the conclusion of one’s inference only if one knows all the premises it involves essentially.

Depuis le début des années 1990 un groupe de chercheurs catalans, réunis autour de Cristina Borderías dans le groupe « Treball, Institucions i Gènere » (TIG) de l’université de Barcelone, a profondément renouvelé les approches de l’histoire du travail en Espagne en y intégrant l’approche de genre sans pour autant renoncer aux acquis de l’héritage historiographique marxiste. Ce livre, quatrième d’une collection qui rend compte des recherches du collectif, est un exemple particulièrement intére...

El artículo examina dos concepciones de la imagen de la filosofía clásica, para ensayar una relectura de la aparición digital o “imagen-pixel”. De Platón se considera la idea de imagen como symploké de ser y no ser: la imagen, como una piel diáfana que acompaña a las cosas, se desprende, cual fina película, de las cosas mismas y puede ser inscrita sobre una superficie. De Aristóteles se examina el concepto de lo diáfano, una potencia común a todos los cuerpos, la (...) que opera como instancia intermediaria para la emergencia de lo visible. Ambas concepciones ayudan a comprender la radicalidad de la imagen digital, entendida como una modalidad inmanente del ‘aparecer’ que no se inscribe sobre ninguna superficie ni medio, llevándonos a pensar en la figura de un nuevo diáfano hipermedial. This article examines two conceptions around the image of classical philosophy, in order to rehearse a re-reading of the digital appearance or “image-pixel”. From Plato, we consider the idea of the image as symploke of being and not being: the image, as a translucent skin that accompanies all things, comes off, like a fine film, from those same things, and can be inscribed on a surface. From Aristotle, the concept of the diaphanous is examined, a common potency to everything, which operates as an intermediary instance for the emergence of the visible things. Both concepts help to understand the radical nature of the digital image, understood as an immanent modality of the ‘appearance’ that is not inscribed on any surface or support, leading us to think of the figure of a hyper-medial new diaphaneity. (shrink)

Most research studying the corporate social performance –corporate financial performance link has utilized developed country samples. Also, this literature has generally focused on a wide variety of industries, ignoring the fact that certain sectors – such as controversial industries – have graver social and environmental issues. Hence, a gap exists in this tradition when it comes to emerging markets and controversial industries. This paper attempts to fill this void by providing preliminary evidence and insight on the matter. Based on an (...) exploration in six Latin American countries and five controversial industries, we find a negative bidirectional association between CSP and CFP. These results tend to contradict the mainstream conclusion of a positive bidirectional link, suggesting that institutional and market-level forces play a major role in shaping this relationship. (shrink)

Can we experience emotion without the feeling of accelerated heartbeats, perspiration, or other changes in the body? In his paper “What is an emotion”, William James famously claimed that “if we fancy some strong emotion and then try to abstract from our consciousness of it all the feelings of its bodily symptoms, we find we have nothing left behind” (1884, p. 193). Thus, bodily changes are essential to emotion. This is known as the Subtraction Argument. The Subtraction Argument is still (...) used to support Embodied theories of emotion. Proponents of Disembodied theories, however, have different intuitions regarding the role of bodily changes in the experience of emotion. In order to advance this debate, I conducted a series of studies testing people’s intuitions regarding the Subtraction Argument. Results show that, against James’ claims, most people consider that their hypothetical (Study 1) and actual (Study 2) emotions persist in the absence of bodily feelings. Furthermore, Study 1 found that participants’ responses were not related to individual differences in reflection or interoceptive awareness. These results pose a problem for Embodied theories of emotion and challenge extant explanations for the persistence of emotional experience in cases of impaired interoception. (shrink)

In emotion research, both conceptual analyses and empirical studies commonly rely on emotion reports. But what do people mean when they say that they are angry, afraid, joyful, etc.? Building on extant theories of emotion, this paper presents four new studies (including a pre-registered replication) measuring the weight of cognitive evaluations, bodily changes, and action tendencies in people’s use of emotion concepts. The results of these studies suggest that the presence or absence of cognitive evaluations has the largest impact on (...) people’s emotion attributions, and that bodily changes and action tendencies are considered to depend on cognitive evaluations. Implications for theories of emotion (concepts) and the interpretation of emotion reports are discussed. (shrink)

Emergency situations require individuals to make important changes in their behavior. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, official recommendations to avoid the spread of the virus include costly behaviors such as self-quarantining or drastically diminishing social contacts. Compliance (or lack thereof) with these recommendations is a controversial and divisive topic, and lay hypotheses abound regarding what underlies this divide. This paper investigates which cognitive, moral, and emotional traits separate people who comply with official recommendations from those who don't. In (...) four studies (three pre-registered) on both U.S. and French samples, we found that individuals' self-reported compliance with official recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic was partly driven by individual differences in moral values, disgust sensitivity, and psychological reactance. We discuss the limitations of our studies and suggest possible applications in the context of health communication. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en presentar una forma de conservadurismo epistémico que sea integral, y que sostiene lo siguiente: a partir de que S cree que p, como respuesta exitosa a su entorno, p adquiere un estatus epistémico favorable por el cual es racional que la creencia se mantenga hasta que aparezcan evidencias superadoras que sean alternativas e incompatibles con p. Además, se indagará en desarrollos posibles que puedan hacer de la versión integral un principio prometedor y a (...) la vez plausible, para concluir que otorga racionalidad a nuestros compromisos doxásticos mediante la constante mejora de las habilidades cognitivas. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this research,1 we aim to analyze how misogyny establishes itself in an interaction on X (formerly Twitter) to legitimize hate speech, under the argument of opinion defense. Theoretically, in light of Interactional Sociolinguistics and Pragmatics, we conceive that impoliteness strategies contribute to the construction of linguistic-discursive violence scenarios in online-mediated interactions, as they both reduce interlocutive distance and generate sexist, misogynistic, patriarchal, and antifeminist metapragmatics. Methodologically, we adopted a qualitative approach to analyze an interaction on X based on (...) the inclusion and exclusion criteria proposed in this study, using the netnographic method. Analytically, we observed that interlocutors C, E, and F frequently used impoliteness strategies in constructing opinion-based discourses to attack feminism and legitimize hate speech. (shrink)

La literatura sobre razonamiento probatorio busca incidir en la determinación de los hechos en los procesos judiciales. Para alcanzar dicho propósito, no basta con dirigir la mirada hacia disciplinas extrajurídicas exitosas e integrar lo que de ellas pueda extraerse a las teorías jurídicas de la prueba y a la práctica judicial. Es necesario, además, considerar el tipo de hechos a probar, los roles de las reglas jurídicas aplicables, y asumir que litigantes y jueces, actuando en un contexto institucional, podrán ser (...) más o menos agudos en la discusión fáctica, entre otras cosas. Minimizar la influencia de tales factores expone a los estudios probatorios a tener un bajo rendimiento práctico. Algo de esto ha ocurrido con la llamada concepción racionalista de la prueba. Su innegable aporte al debate académico en español no ha ido a la par de su impacto judicial. Para explicar esta brecha entre teoría y práctica, identificamos tres creencias-obstáculo que afectan a su discurso sobre la prueba y que deben ser sorteadas si lo que se busca es influir en la forma en que se juzgan los hechos en un sistema judicial realmente existente. (shrink)

In a recent paper in this journal, David Chalmers introduced the meta-problem of consciousness as “the problem of explaining why we think consciousness poses a hard problem” (Chalmers, 2018, p. 6). A solution to the meta-problem could shed light on the hard problem of consciousness. In particular, it would be relevant to elucidate whether people’s problem intuitions (i.e. intuitions holding that conscious experience cannot be reduced to physical processes) are driven by factors related to the nature of consciousness, or rather (...) by factors that are independent of consciousness. Whether people hold problem intuitions, and what factors drive those intuitions, are largely empirical questions. However, there is a lack of empirical research on these issues to date. The results of four studies will show that (1) problem intuitions are not widespread, and (2) when they arise, they do so because of factors that are unrelated to the nature of consciousness. This suggests that consciousness is, after all, not so problematic. (shrink)

Este ensayo postula que la circularidad epistemológica de hierro de la ciencia económica hace inviable fundar un modo distinto de entender económicamente el mundo natural a partir de la crítica de sus fundamentos teóricos o de sus prácticas. El reto teórico –señala- consiste en poder iluminar, otro mundo que permita construir otro problema económico, y otra forma de entender la solución de ese problema económico, que, a fin de cuentas, genere menos sensación de infructuosidad que aquella que genera la teoría (...) económica actual. Propone el autor una ontología sistémica como fundamento de una economía ecosistémica, afirmando a la vez que no hay solución de continuidad entre la optimización endosistémica y una ecosistémica, y postula que hay que pasar de un enfoque de sistema cerrado a uno abierto. (shrink)

En el marco de la elaboración de la Estrategia de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Región de Murcia (EDS), España el autor se plantea como punto de partida una análisis-evaluación del estado de la sostenibilidad regional, lo que supuso la construcción de un modelo de análisis y un método para ese diagnóstico de partida. Este reto supuso recorrer la corta historia de la epistemología de la sostenibilidad, postulando que ella debe ser epistemología heurística, enactiva, participativa y contingente . El artículo desarrolla (...) una holoarquía de la sostenibilidad -un sistema de sistemas jerárquicamente relacionados- como marco para la acción estratégica. (shrink)

En este trabajo se plantea una discusión en torno a un debate que podemos considerar histórico pero que a la fecha no ha sido resuelto, la posición respecto al par cuantitativo-cualitativo en un entorno epistemológico en cuanto al planteamiento del problema a investigar. En el trabajo se parte del ..

En Ciencia de la lógica, Hegel finaliza la lógica objetiva con un largo estudio de las categorías modales (realidad, necesidad y posibilidad). Nuestra propuesta es que tal estudio hay que entenderlo en confrontación directa con la situación dejada por Kant en los principios del entendimiento puro de KrV. Para defender tal tesis expondremos, en primer lugar, la exposición kantiana del problema; en segundo lugar, el desarrollo de la lógica de la esencia dentro de la obra; y, por último, la nueva (...) interpretación que propone Hegel de las categorías modales. (shrink)

It is generally assumed that emotion concepts are purely descriptive. However, recent investigations suggest that the concept of happiness includes information about the morality of the agent's life. In this study, we argue that normative influences on emotion concepts are not restricted to happiness and are not about moral norms. In a series of studies, we show that emotion attribution is influenced by whether the agent's psychological and bodily states fit the situation in which they are experienced. People consider that (...) emotions are not just about feeling in certain ways, but also about feeling the right way. (shrink)

Saul Kripke argued that the requirement that knowledge eliminate all possibilities of error leads to dogmatism . According to this view, the dogmatism puzzle arises because of a requirement on knowledge that is too strong. The paper argues that dogmatism can be avoided even if we hold on to the strong requirement on knowledge. I show how the argument for dogmatism can be blocked and I argue that the only other approach to the puzzle in the literature is mistaken.

Este artigo pretende apresentar as principais ideias que circundam o problema da demarcação científica a partir da perspectiva do filósofo da ciência Karl Popper. Primeiramente, se buscará apresentar o problema ligado ao raciocínio indutivo, conhecido como o problema da indução. Posteriormente será apresentado o critério de demarcação de Popper, qual seja, a falseabilidade. Por fim, o tratamento que Popper dá à metafísica. Conclui-se que o critério de falseabilidade se caracteriza pela sua decidibilidade unilateral ad falsitatem, ou seja, a ciência deve (...) buscar falsear suas teorias e não as verificar. Através desse critério se possibilita uma justificação lógico-dedutiva da demarcação entre enunciados científicos e metafísicos. O conhecimento científico passa a ser compreendido como corolário oriundo de conjecturas e refutações. A metafísica é elevada à categoria de crítica racional, além de contribuidora do fazer científico através dos programas de pesquisa metafísicos. (shrink)

How can we identify and estimate workers’ tacit knowledge? How can we design a personnel mix aimed at improving and speeding up its transfer and development? How is it possible to implement tacit knowledge sustainable projects in remote areas? In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to distinguish between types of tacit knowledge, to establish what they allow for and to consider their sources. It is also essential to find a way of managing the tacit knowledge ‘stock’ and (...) distribution within the workforce. In short, a conceptual framework is needed to manage tacit knowledge. Based on previous works and 2 years of action research, this paper introduces such a framework and describes its partial application to support the pre-operational training and hiring in a large industrial plant in Brazil. Two contributions emerge from the research. First, the concept of ‘levels of similarity’ is introduced as a means to qualify the experience of workers and estimate the associated tacit knowledge. Second, the capability of carrying out three types of judgement properly and speedily is put forward as being a core ability of those who possess what has been called ‘collective tacit knowledge’ (Collins in Organ Stud 28(2):257–262, 2007). In practical terms, the results indicate the opportunity for companies to capitalize on the experience and tacit knowledge of their workers in a systematic way and with due recognition. Ultimately, positive impacts are expected in their absorptive capacity as well as in their management and human resources systems, accident prevention, productivity and the development of sustainable projects in remote areas. (shrink)

The present article aims to reconstruct some political consequences of aristippean philosophy in the light of fragment fs, 570 (= ssr, iv.a.163 = Memorabilia, ii.1.1–17) in order to show how Aristippus’ agreement with Socrates’ remarks fits the Cyrus composed by Xenophon in his Cyropaedia. In pursuance of this, I will review Aristippus’ ethics and will show how, despite the opposition with his hedonistic principles for a pleasureable life, Aristippus accepts that a good ruler needs to be a enkratic one—althouth he (...) argues that pursuing any rule is senselessness. After showing how it is possible to recognice some hedonistic position in Adeimantus’ question at the beginning of Republic, iv, I will present the enkratic character of Cyrus. Finally, I will conclude pointing out the political continuities between Aristippus’ acceptance in fs, 570 and the ideal of ruler constructed by Xenophon. (shrink)

Una mirada desatenta sobre las reflexiones políticas del periodo clásico podría llevar a pensar que la Ciropedia es, por su protagonista, un producto excepcional de Jenofonte. En este trabajo nos proponemos mostrar cómo, contra esa posible concepción, la figura de Ciro goza de una destacada presencia en el grupo socrático, en particular, para Antístenes y Platón. Por esto, rastrearemos el lugar que ocupan las referencias al príncipe persa en las obras de estos dos filósofos socráticos, colocando especial atención a la (...) manera en la que se vinculan, mediante su caracterización de Ciro, con la Ciropedia. (shrink)

Tras clarificar que la teoría de sistemas se ve restringida por su tratamiento lógico, y no ontológico, el autor afirma que no son los sistemas los que surgen como realidad opuesta a la realidad de los objetos de la mecánica clásica, sino el evento; y que es desde allí desde donde se debe comenzar a pensar en la construcción de instrumentos cognitivos útiles a la nueva cosmovisión, que concibe como lo único ontológicamente existente de naturaleza última, la totalidad no fragmentada. (...) Esto le lleva a plantear que lo que sostiene aquello que vivimos es el evento, unidad práxica básica de lo que es. (shrink)

Oxford Literary Review, Volume 43, Issue 1, Page v-v, July, 2021.

This paper offers a reflection on the complicated relationship between Derrida and Heidegger, particularly as concerns the issue of difference in their respective thoughts. Taking one of Geschlecht III’s most stunning passages as my point of departure, I walk the reader through some of Derrida’s own remarks on his relationship to Heidegger, before arriving at the différend that seems to exist between them as regards the notion of difference itself. I argue that the margins of Heidegger’s text inscribe a quite (...) radical thinking of difference not at all incompatible with Derridean différance. In conclusion, I turn to Heidegger’s “Anaximander Fragment” where, in the margins of Heidegger’s text, we find a marginal note that, given its content, could surely have been written by Derrida himself. (shrink)

The main goal of this paper is to offer a reading of Reinhart Koselleck’s work as an ally of critical theory. My contention is that, despite customary accusations of Koselleck being an anti-Enlightenment historian detrimental to social criticism and emancipatory politics, his investigations on the semantic fabric of modern society may actually expand our resources for the critique of domination. In order to make this argument plausible, I reconstruct some antinomies that are at the basis of Koselleck’s work (state/society, language/reality, (...) experience/expectation) and discuss their critical potential. This analysis shows that, rather than a rejection of the spirit of critique, Koselleck contributes to the temporalization of the practice of critique as such: namely, a clarification of the contradictions and potentials of a reflexive practice imbued in the struggle between the need to comprehend the world as it is and the right to experiment with other forms of life. (shrink)