Results for 'Stephen G. Walker'

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  1.  44
    A decision-theoretical view of default priors.Stephen G. Walker & Eduardo Gutiérrez-Peña - 2011 - Theory and Decision 70 (1):1-11.
    In this article, we outline a simple and intuitively appealing procedure to derive default priors. The main idea is to regard the choice of such a prior as a formal Bayesian decision problem. We also discuss Jeffreys prior and more generally the reference prior of Bernardo (J R Stat Soc B 41:113–147, 1979) from this standpoint.
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  2.  39
    Researching Scabies Outbreaks among People in Residential Care and Lacking Capacity to Consent: A Case Study.Michael G. Head, Stephen L. Walker, Ananth Nalabanda, Jennifer Bostock & Jackie A. Cassell - 2017 - Public Health Ethics 10 (1):phv011.
    Infectious disease outbreaks in residential care are complex to manage and difficult to control. Research in this setting that includes individuals who lack capacity must conform to national legislation. We report here on our study that is investigating outbreaks of scabies, an itchy skin infection, in the residential care setting in the southeast of England. There appears to be a gap in legislative advice regarding the inclusion of people who lack capacity in research that takes place during time-limited acute scenarios (...)
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  3.  5
    Whiteheadian Ethics: Abstracts and Papers From the Ethics Section of the Philosophy Group at the 6th International Whitehead Conference at the University of Salzburg, July 2006.Theodore Walker & Mihály Tóth (eds.) - 2008 - Cambridge Scholars Press.
    For deliberations on the ethical and meta-ethical implications of Alfred North Whitehead's process philosophy, here are abstracts and papers from the Ethics Section of the 6th International Whitehead Conference held at the University of Salzburg in Salzburg, Austria in July 2006. In accordance with the conference schedule, there are three subsections. The subsection on "Metaphysics of Morals and Moral Theory" includes contributions from Franklin I. Gamwell (Does Morality Presuppose God?), John W. Lango (abstract only), Duane Voskuil ("Ethics' Dipolar Necessities and (...)
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  4.  1
    Higher Life for Working People.W. Walker Stephens - 1900 - International Journal of Ethics 10 (3):413-414.
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  5. Subsystems of Second Order Arithmetic.Stephen G. Simpson - 1999 - Studia Logica 77 (1):129-129.
     
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  6.  74
    When Self-Consciousness Breaks: Alien Voices and Inserted Thoughts.G. Lynn Stephens & George Graham - 2000 - MIT Press.
    An examination of verbal hallucinations and thought insertion as examples of "alienated self-consciousness.".
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  7.  58
    Measure theory and weak König's lemma.Xiaokang Yu & Stephen G. Simpson - 1990 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 30 (3):171-180.
    We develop measure theory in the context of subsystems of second order arithmetic with restricted induction. We introduce a combinatorial principleWWKL (weak-weak König's lemma) and prove that it is strictly weaker thanWKL (weak König's lemma). We show thatWWKL is equivalent to a formal version of the statement that Lebesgue measure is countably additive on open sets. We also show thatWWKL is equivalent to a formal version of the statement that any Borel measure on a compact metric space is countably additive (...)
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  8. Partial realizations of Hilbert's program.Stephen G. Simpson - 1988 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 53 (2):349-363.
  9. Mass problems and randomness.Stephen G. Simpson - 2005 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 11 (1):1-27.
    A mass problem is a set of Turing oracles. If P and Q are mass problems, we say that P is weakly reducible to Q if every member of Q Turing computes a member of P. We say that P is strongly reducible to Q if every member of Q Turing computes a member of P via a fixed Turing functional. The weak degrees and strong degrees are the equivalence classes of mass problems under weak and strong reducibility, respectively. We (...)
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  10.  45
    Almost everywhere domination and superhighness.Stephen G. Simpson - 2007 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 53 (4):462-482.
    Let ω be the set of natural numbers. For functions f, g: ω → ω, we say f is dominated by g if f < g for all but finitely many n ∈ ω. We consider the standard “fair coin” probability measure on the space 2ω of in-finite sequences of 0's and 1's. A Turing oracle B is said to be almost everywhere dominating if, for measure 1 many X ∈ 2ω, each function which is Turing computable from X is (...)
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  11. When Selfconsciousness Breaks: Alien Voices and Inserted Thoughts.G. Lynn Stephens & George Graham - 2002 - Philosophical Quarterly 52 (206):128-131.
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  12. Self-consciousness, mental agency, and the clinical psychopathology of thought insertion.G. Lynn Stephens & George Graham - 1994 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 1 (1):1-10.
  13.  55
    Reverse mathematics and Peano categoricity.Stephen G. Simpson & Keita Yokoyama - 2013 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 164 (3):284-293.
    We investigate the reverse-mathematical status of several theorems to the effect that the natural number system is second-order categorical. One of our results is as follows. Define a system to be a triple A,i,f such that A is a set and i∈A and f:A→A. A subset X⊆A is said to be inductive if i∈X and ∀a ∈X). The system A,i,f is said to be inductive if the only inductive subset of A is A itself. Define a Peano system to be (...)
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  14.  34
    Ordinal numbers and the Hilbert basis theorem.Stephen G. Simpson - 1988 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 53 (3):961-974.
  15.  71
    Which set existence axioms are needed to prove the cauchy/peano theorem for ordinary differential equations?Stephen G. Simpson - 1984 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 49 (3):783-802.
    We investigate the provability or nonprovability of certain ordinary mathematical theorems within certain weak subsystems of second order arithmetic. Specifically, we consider the Cauchy/Peano existence theorem for solutions of ordinary differential equations, in the context of the formal system RCA 0 whose principal axioms are ▵ 0 1 comprehension and Σ 0 1 induction. Our main result is that, over RCA 0 , the Cauchy/Peano Theorem is provably equivalent to weak Konig's lemma, i.e. the statement that every infinite {0, 1}-tree (...)
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  16.  53
    On the strength of könig's duality theorem for countable bipartite graphs.Stephen G. Simpson - 1994 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 59 (1):113-123.
    Let CKDT be the assertion that for every countably infinite bipartite graph G, there exist a vertex covering C of G and a matching M in G such that C consists of exactly one vertex from each edge in M. (This is a theorem of Podewski and Steffens [12].) Let ATR0 be the subsystem of second-order arithmetic with arithmetical transfinite recursion and restricted induction. Let RCA0 be the subsystem of second-order arithmetic with recursive comprehension and restricted induction. We show that (...)
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  17. N? Sets and models of wkl0.Stephen G. Simpson - 2005 - In Stephen Simpson (ed.), Reverse Mathematics 2001. Association for Symbolic Logic. pp. 21--352.
     
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  18.  55
    Some conservation results on weak König's lemma.Stephen G. Simpson, Kazuyuki Tanaka & Takeshi Yamazaki - 2002 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 118 (1-2):87-114.
    By , we denote the system of second-order arithmetic based on recursive comprehension axioms and Σ10 induction. is defined to be plus weak König's lemma: every infinite tree of sequences of 0's and 1's has an infinite path. In this paper, we first show that for any countable model M of , there exists a countable model M′ of whose first-order part is the same as that of M, and whose second-order part consists of the M-recursive sets and sets not (...)
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  19. Reconceiving delusions.G. Lynn Stephens & George Graham - 2004 - International Review of Psychiatry 16:236-241.
     
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  20.  51
    Mass problems and almost everywhere domination.Stephen G. Simpson - 2007 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 53 (4):483-492.
    We examine the concept of almost everywhere domination from the viewpoint of mass problems. Let AED and MLR be the sets of reals which are almost everywhere dominating and Martin-Löf random, respectively. Let b1, b2, and b3 be the degrees of unsolvability of the mass problems associated with AED, MLR × AED, and MLR ∩ AED, respectively. Let [MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P]w be the lattice of degrees of unsolvability of mass problems associated with nonempty Π01 subsets of 2ω. Let 1 (...)
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  21.  19
    Finding the Mean: Theory and Practice in Aristotelian Political Philosophy.Stephen G. Salkever - 1989 - Princeton University Press.
    Stephen Salkever shows that reading Aristotle is a starting point for discussing contemporary political problems in new ways that avoid the opposition between liberal individualism and republican communitarianism, between the politics of rights and the politics of virtues. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in (...)
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  22.  8
    Finding the Mean: Theory and Practice in Aristotelian Political Philosophy.Stephen G. Salkever - 1994 - Princeton University Press.
    Stephen Salkever shows that reading Aristotle is a starting point for discussing contemporary political problems in new ways that avoid the opposition between liberal individualism and republican communitarianism, between the politics of rights and the politics of virtues. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in (...)
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  23.  13
    An Auseinandersetzung with David W. Johnson’s Watsuji on Nature: Japanese Philosophy in the Wake of Heidegger.Stephen G. Lofts - 2024 - Philosophy Today 68 (1):211-217.
  24.  27
    Nonprovability of Certain Combinatorial Properties of Finite Trees.Stephen G. Simpson - 1990 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 55 (2):868-869.
  25.  20
    G. N. Cantor and M. J. S. Hodge, Editors, Conceptions of Ether. Studies in the History of Ether Theories 1740–1900. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press (1981) x + 351 pp. $55.00.Stephen G. Brush - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (4):655-656.
  26.  25
    Friedman's Research on Subsystems of Second Order Arithmetic.Stephen G. Simpson - 1990 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 55 (2):870-874.
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  27.  20
    Baire Categoricity and $\Sigma^{0}_{1}$ -Induction.Stephen G. Simpson - 2014 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 55 (1):75-78.
  28.  17
    Science and the end of ethics.Stephen G. Morris - 2015 - New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    Science and the End of Ethics examines some of the most important positive and negative implications that science has for ethics. Addressing the negative implications first, author Stephen Morris discusses how contemporary science provides significant challenges to moral realism. One threat against moral realism comes from evolutionary theory, which suggests that our moral beliefs are unconnected to any facts that would make them true. Ironically, many of the same areas of science (e.g. evolutionary biology, neuroscience, psychology) that present difficulties (...)
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  29.  31
    A Nonstandard Counterpart of WWKL.Stephen G. Simpson & Keita Yokoyama - 2011 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 52 (3):229-243.
    In this paper, we introduce a system of nonstandard second-order arithmetic $\mathsf{ns}$-$\mathsf{WWKL_0}$ which consists of $\mathsf{ns}$-$\mathsf{BASIC}$ plus Loeb measure property. Then we show that $\mathsf{ns}$-$\mathsf{WWKL_0}$ is a conservative extension of $\mathsf{WWKL_0}$ and we do Reverse Mathematics for this system.
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  30.  51
    When Democracy Meets Pluralism: Landemore's Epistemic Argument for Democracy and the Problem of Value Diversity.Stephen G. W. Stich - 2014 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 26 (1-2):170-183.
    ABSTRACTIn Democratic Reason, Hélène Landemore makes an epistemic argument for democracy. She contends that, due to their greater cognitive diversity, democratic groups will engage in superior deliberation and information aggregation than will groups of experts; consequently, the quality of their policies will be better. But the introduction of value diversity into Landemore's model—which is necessary if the argument is to apply to the real world—undermines her argument for the epistemic superiority of democratic deliberation. First, the existence of value diversity threatens (...)
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  31. The Moral Challenge of Alzheimer Disease.Stephen G. Post & Robert Young - 1997 - Bioethics 11 (2):177-178.
     
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  32.  15
    A new bone to pick: osteoblasts and the haematopoietic stem‐cell niche.Jiang Zhu & Stephen G. Emerson - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (6):595-599.
    Two recent publications highlight the role of bone‐forming cells, the osteoblasts, in controlling the development of neighboring haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).1,2 Using two distinct transgenic mouse models, one using the conditional deletion of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1A (BMPR1A) gene, the other using over‐expression of an active PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR) mutant within osteoblasts, the authors show parallel, concordant increases in the generation of trabecular osteoblasts and the number of HSCs. In situ staining showed that rarely cycling HSCs sporadically attach (...)
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  33. Recognizing tacit knowledge in medical epistemology.Stephen G. Henry - 2006 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 27 (3):187--213.
    The evidence-based medicine movement advocates basing all medical decisions on certain types of quantitative research data and has stimulated protracted controversy and debate since its inception. Evidence-based medicine presupposes an inaccurate and deficient view of medical knowledge. Michael Polanyi’s theory of tacit knowledge both explains this deficiency and suggests remedies for it. Polanyi shows how all explicit human knowledge depends on a wealth of tacit knowledge which accrues from experience and is essential for problem solving. Edmund Pellegrino’s classic treatment of (...)
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  34.  90
    Polanyi's tacit knowing and the relevance of epistemology to clinical medicine.Stephen G. Henry - 2010 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 16 (2):292-297.
    Most clinicians take for granted a simple, reductionist understanding of medical knowledge that is at odds with how they actually practice medicine; routine medical decisions incorporate more complicated kinds of information than most standard accounts of medical reasoning suggest. A better understanding of the structure and function of knowledge in medicine can lead to practical improvements in clinical medicine. This understanding requires some familiarity with epistemology, the study of knowledge and its structure, in medicine. Michael Polanyi's theory of tacit knowing (...)
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  35.  26
    Cone avoidance and randomness preservation.Stephen G. Simpson & Frank Stephan - 2015 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 166 (6):713-728.
  36. The delusional stance.G. Lynn Stephens & George Graham - 2005 - In M. Chung, K. William M. Fulford & George Graham (eds.), The Philosophical Understanding of Schizophrenia. Oxford University Press.
  37.  20
    The Reception of Mendeleev's Periodic Law in America and Britain.Stephen G. Brush - 1996 - Isis 87 (4):595-628.
  38.  52
    Sets which do not have subsets of every higher degree.Stephen G. Simpson - 1978 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 43 (1):135-138.
  39.  89
    Mach and atomism.Stephen G. Brush - 1968 - Synthese 18 (2-3):192 - 215.
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  40. The Gödel hierarchy and reverse mathematics.Stephen G. Simpson - 2010 - In Kurt Gödel, Solomon Feferman, Charles Parsons & Stephen G. Simpson (eds.), Kurt Gödel: essays for his centennial. Ithaca, NY: Association for Symbolic Logic.
     
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  41. Darwinism and the Linguistic Image.Stephen G. Alter - 2001 - Journal of the History of Biology 34 (1):202-204.
     
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  42.  79
    Dynamics of Theory Change: The Role of Predictions.Stephen G. Brush - 1994 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1994:133 - 145.
    The thesis that scientists give greater weight to novel predictions than to explanations of known facts is tested against historical cases in physical science. Several theories were accepted after successful novel predictions but there is little evidence that extra credit was given for novelty. Other theories were rejected despite, or accepted without, making successful novel predictions. No examples were found of theories that were accepted primarily because of successful novel predictions and would not have been accepted if those facts had (...)
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  43.  5
    The Fountain of Youth: Cultural, Scientific and Ethical Perspectives on a Biomedical Goal.Stephen G. Post & Robert H. Binstock (eds.) - 2004 - Oxford University Press.
    If effective anti-aging interventions were achieved, they would likely bring about profound alterations in the experiences of individual and collective life. What if modern scientists could find the modern equivalent to the Fountain of Youth that Ponce de Leon sought? This book addresses this question by exploring the ramifications of possible anti-aging interventions on both individual and collective life. Through a series of essays, it examines the biomedical goal of prolongevity from cultural, scientific, religious, and ethical perspectives, offering a sweeping (...)
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  44. Reverse Mathematics 2001.Stephen G. Simpson - 2007 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 13 (1):106-109.
  45.  38
    Mass problems and measure-theoretic regularity.Stephen G. Simpson - 2009 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 15 (4):385-409.
    A well known fact is that every Lebesgue measurable set is regular, i.e., it includes an F$_{\sigma}$ set of the same measure. We analyze this fact from a metamathematical or foundational standpoint. We study a family of Muchnik degrees corresponding to measure-theoretic regularity at all levels of the effective Borel hierarchy. We prove some new results concerning Nies's notion of LR-reducibility. We build some $\omega$-models of RCA$_0$which are relevant for the reverse mathematics of measure-theoretic regularity.
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  46.  11
    Joining Humanity and Science: Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics in Medical Education.Stephen G. Post & Susan W. Wentz - 2022 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 65 (3):458-468.
  47.  6
    Understanding the Gender Gap in Small Business Success: Urban and Rural Comparisons.Stephen G. Sapp & Sharon R. Bird - 2004 - Gender and Society 18 (1):5-28.
    The authors explore how urban versus rural community location shapes the extent to which various individual, relational, and structural factors affect the gender gap in small business success. Building on previous research on gender and small business success, gender queuing theories, and gendered organization/institution theories, they develop a place-specific theory of the gender gap in small business success. The findings, based on small business data collected in urban and rural Iowa, support queuing arguments and raise questions about the effectiveness of (...)
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  48.  23
    Separated at Birth: The Interlinked Origins of Darwin’s Unconscious Selection Concept and the Application of Sexual Selection to Race.Stephen G. Alter - 2007 - Journal of the History of Biology 40 (2):231-258.
    This essay traces the interlinked origins of two concepts found in Charles Darwin's writings: "unconscious selection," and sexual selection as applied to humanity's anatomical race distinctions. Unconscious selection constituted a significant elaboration of Darwin's artificial selection analogy. As originally conceived in his theoretical notebooks, that analogy had focused exclusively on what Darwin later would call "methodical selection," the calculated production of desired changes in domestic breeds. By contrast, unconscious selection produced its results unintentionally and at a much slower pace. Inspiration (...)
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  49.  35
    Implicit Definability in Arithmetic.Stephen G. Simpson - 2016 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 57 (3):329-339.
    We consider implicit definability over the natural number system $\mathbb{N},+,\times,=$. We present a new proof of two theorems of Leo Harrington. The first theorem says that there exist implicitly definable subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ which are not explicitly definable from each other. The second theorem says that there exists a subset of $\mathbb{N}$ which is not implicitly definable but belongs to a countable, explicitly definable set of subsets of $\mathbb{N}$. Previous proofs of these theorems have used finite- or infinite-injury priority constructions. (...)
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  50.  27
    Recognizing tacit knowledge in medical epistemology.Stephen G. Henry - 2006 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 27 (4):395-395.
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