Results for 'Study design'

988 found
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  1.  53
    Standardized Study Designs, Value Judgments, and Financial Conflicts of Interest in Research.Kevin C. Elliott - 2016 - Perspectives on Science 24 (5):529-551.
    . The potential for financial conflicts of interest to influence scientific research has become a significant concern. Some commentators have suggested that the development of standardized study protocols could help to alleviate these problems. This paper identifies two problems with this solution: scientific research incorporates numerous methodological judgments that cannot be constrained by standardized protocols; and standardization can hide significant value judgments. These problems arise because of four weaknesses of standardized guidelines: incompleteness, limited applicability, selective ignorance, and ossification. Therefore, (...)
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  2.  25
    Good Study Design and Analysis Plans as Features of Ethical Research with Humans.Janice M. Weinberg & Ken P. Kleinman - 2003 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 25 (5):11.
  3. Basic study designs.Alexandra Gomez, Felipe Fregni & Vera Novak - 2018 - In Felipe Fregni & Ben M. W. Illigens (eds.), Critical thinking in clinical research: applied theory and practice using case studies. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
     
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  4.  8
    Ethical challenges in study design and informed consent for health research in resource-poor settings.Patricia Loomis Marshall - 2007 - Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
    This review considers ethical challenges to research design and informed consent in biomedical and behavioral studies conducted in resource-poor settings. A review of the literature explores relevant social, cultural, and ethical issues in the conduct of biomedical and social health research in developing countries. Ten case vignettes illustrate ethical challenges that arise in international research with culturally diverse populations. Recommendations for researchers and policy-makers concerned about ethical practices in multinational studies conducted in resource-poor settings are also listed.
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  5.  25
    Practice of code of ethics and associated factors among health professionals in Central Gondar Zone public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: a mixed-method study design.Lake Yazachew, Getachew Teshale, Wubshet Debebe, Asebe Hagos, Chalie Tadie, Amsalu Feleke & Gebreyohannes Yeshineh - 2022 - BMC Medical Ethics 23 (1):1-12.
    BackgroundEthics is the science of moral and ethical rules recognised in human life and attempts to verify what is morally right and wrong. Healthcare ethics is seen as an integrated part of the daily activities of health facilities. Healthcare professionals’ standardisation and uniformity in healthcare ethics are urgent and basic requirements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the practice of the code of ethics and associated factors among health professionals in Central Gondar Zone public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsA facility-based (...)
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  6.  2
    Game Space Studies: Design meets Architecture. Review: Space. Time. Play. Computer Games, Architecture and Urbanism: The Next Level (2007) F. von Borries, S.P. Walz, M. Böttger (eds), Basel; Boston; Berlin: Birkhäuser. [REVIEW]A. S. Vetushinskiy - 2017 - Sociology of Power 29 (1):258-275.
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  7.  47
    Reporting ethics committee approval and patient consent by study design in five general medical journals.S. Schroter, R. Plowman, A. Hutchings & A. Gonzalez - 2006 - Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (12):718-723.
    Background: Authors are required to describe in their manuscripts ethical approval from an appropriate committee and how consent was obtained from participants when research involves human participants.Objective: To assess the reporting of these protections for several study designs in general medical journals.Design: A consecutive series of research papers published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine between February and May 2003 were reviewed for the reporting of ethical approval and (...)
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  8.  23
    Study Design and Statistical Analysis: A Practical Guide for Clinicians By Mitchell H. Katz. Pp. 188. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.) £55.00, ISBN 0-521-82675-6, hardback. [REVIEW]Stephen Lewis - 2009 - Journal of Biosocial Science 41 (2):285-286.
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  9.  44
    Parental programming: How can we improve study design to discern the molecular mechanisms?Virginie Lecomte, Neil A. Youngson, Christopher A. Maloney & Margaret J. Morris - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (9):787-793.
    The contribution of inherited non‐genetic factors to complex diseases is of great current interest. The ways in which mothers and fathers can affect their offspring's health clearly differ as a result of the intimate interactions between mother and offspring during pre‐ and postnatal life. There is, however, potential for some overlap in mechanisms, particularly epigenetic mechanisms. A small number of epidemiological studies and animal models have investigated the non‐genetic contribution of the parents to offspring health. Discovering new mechanisms of disease (...)
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  10.  4
    A situation analysis of competences of research ethics committee members regarding review of research protocols with complex and emerging study designs in Uganda.Pauline Byakika-Kibwika, Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi, Walter Joseph Arinaitwe, Stephen Okoboi, Barbara Castelnuovo & Provia Ainembabazi - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-7.
    BackgroundOver the past two decades, Uganda has experienced a significant increase in clinical research driven by both academia and industry. This has been combined with a broader spectrum of research proposals, with respect to methodologies and types of intervention that need evaluation by Research Ethics Committees (RECs) with associated increased requirement for expertise. We assessed the competencies of REC members regarding review of research protocols with complex and emerging research study designs. The aim was to guide development of a (...)
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  11.  11
    Dose-Response Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Study Design: A Well-Controlled Adaptive Seamless Bayesian Method to Illuminate Negative Valence Role in Tinnitus Perception.Iman Ghodratitoostani, Oilson A. Gonzatto, Zahra Vaziri, Alexandre C. B. Delbem, Bahador Makkiabadi, Abhishek Datta, Chris Thomas, Miguel A. Hyppolito, Antonio C. D. Santos, Francisco Louzada & João Pereira Leite - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    The use of transcranial Electrical Stimulation in the modulation of cognitive brain functions to improve neuropsychiatric conditions has extensively increased over the decades. tES techniques have also raised new challenges associated with study design, stimulation protocol, functional specificity, and dose-response relationship. In this paper, we addressed challenges through the emerging methodology to investigate the dose-response relationship of High Definition-transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, identifying the role of negative valence in tinnitus perception. In light of the neurofunctional testable framework and (...)
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  12.  67
    Electronic medical record system at an opioid agonist treatment programme: study design, pre‐implementation results and post‐implementation trends.Steven Kritz, Lawrence S. Brown Jr, Melissa Chu, Carlota John‐Hull, Charles Madray, Roberto Zavala & Ben Louie - 2012 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 18 (4):739-745.
  13.  7
    Constructions of self-neglect: a multiple case study design.William Lauder - 1999 - Nursing Inquiry 6 (1):48-57.
  14.  15
    Precision Medicine Approaches and the Health of Populations: Study Design Concerns and Considerations.Sandro Galea & Salma M. Abdalla - 2018 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 61 (4):527-536.
    Discovery science in health over the past two decades has embraced, with considerable enthusiasm, the potential of two movements: precision medicine and the ascent of big data. Each of these developments has been suggested to hold substantial promise both to advance our health science and to lead to the development of approaches that can improve health.Precision medicine—emerging naturally from the Human Genome Project almost two decades ago—promises to use genomic and molecular approaches to identify the causes of disease particular to (...)
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  15.  40
    Meta‐analysis of repeated measures study designs.Jaime L. Peters & Kerrie L. Mengersen - 2008 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 14 (5):941-950.
  16.  16
    Detecting bias in biomedical research: looking at study design and published findings is not enough.John H. Noble - 2007 - Monash Bioethics Review 26 (1-2):24-45.
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  17. Global politics units 3 and 4-understanding the study design.Kathleen Thomas - 2012 - Ethos: Social Education Victoria 21 (2):15.
     
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  18.  19
    The Ethics of Studying Financial Incentives in Public Health Implementation: Study Design Challenges.Adélaïde Doussau & Christine Grady - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (10):78-80.
  19.  24
    Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility Analysis of the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Primary Care: PsicAP Clinical Trial. Description of the Sub-study Design.Paloma Ruiz-Rodríguez, Antonio Cano-Vindel, Roger Muñoz-Navarro, Cristina M. Wood, Leonardo A. Medrano & Luciana Sofía Moretti - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  20.  41
    Reviewing studies with diverse designs: the development and evaluation of a new tool.Reema Sirriyeh, Rebecca Lawton, Peter Gardner & Gerry Armitage - 2012 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 18 (4):746-752.
  21.  26
    Studying the Efficacy of Psychodrama With the Hermeneutic Single Case Efficacy Design: Results From a Longitudinal Study.António-José Gonzalez, Paulo Martins & Margarida Pedroso de Lima - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:403530.
    Throughout the last decades, scientific and therapeutic communities have made common efforts to collect reliable information concerning the efficacy of psychotherapies. One of these initiatives has, recently, involved the psychodrama community and its desire to achieve progress in the validation of this therapy. Based on Robert Elliot's Hermeneutic Single Case Efficacy Design (HSCED), we followed five participants (3 women, 2 men, aged 27-48) of a psychodrama group over the course of their therapeutic process, which ranged from 24 months to (...)
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  22.  44
    Utilizing Focus Groups with Potential Participants and Their Parents: An Approach to Inform Study Design in a Large Clinical Trial.Sandeep Kadimpati, Jennifer B. McCormick, Yichen Chiu, Ashley B. Parker, Aliya Z. Iftikhar, Randall P. Flick & David O. Warner - 2014 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 5 (3):31-38.
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  23.  21
    Designing Preclinical Studies in Germline Gene Editing: Scientific and Ethical Aspects.Anders Nordgren - 2019 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 16 (4):559-570.
    Human germline gene editing is often debated in hypothetical terms: if it were safe and efficient, on what further conditions would it then be ethically acceptable? This paper takes another course. The key question is: how can scientists reduce uncertainty about safety and efficiency to a level that may justify initiation of first-time clinical trials? The only way to proceed is by well-designed preclinical studies. However, what kinds of investigation should preclinical studies include and what specific conditions should they satisfy (...)
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  24.  17
    Designing Preclinical Studies in Germline Gene Editing: Scientific and Ethical Aspects.Anders Nordgren - 2019 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 16 (4):559-570.
    Human germline gene editing is often debated in hypothetical terms: if it were safe and efficient, on what further conditions would it then be ethically acceptable? This paper takes another course. The key question is: how can scientists reduce uncertainty about safety and efficiency to a level that may justify initiation of first-time clinical trials? The only way to proceed is by well-designed preclinical studies. However, what kinds of investigation should preclinical studies include and what specific conditions should they satisfy (...)
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  25.  19
    Ethical challenges in clinical studies with adaptive design in oncology.Norbert W. Paul & Hamideh Mahdiani - 2023 - Clinical Ethics 18 (2):148-154.
    Novel immune therapies are increasingly based on the molecular differentiation of disease patterns. The related clinical studies are thus more often characterized by the so-called adaptive study designs (umbrella or basket studies including platform studies), which are continuously adjusted based on novel results. This paper analyses new study designs beyond the often-postulated need for regulation in order to identify ethical problems based on typical structural features and to—whenever possible—suggest solutions. To do so, it addresses the following topics: the (...)
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  26. Designs for learning: Studying science museum exhibits that do more than entertain.Sue Allen - 2004 - Science Education 88 (S1):S17 - S33.
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  27.  18
    Studies of Work: Achieving Hybrid Disciplines in IT Design and Management Studies.John Rooke & David Seymour - 2005 - Human Studies 28 (2):205-221.
    We explore the relationship between ethnomethodology (EM), ethnography and the needs of managers and designers in industry, considering both ethnomethodological and industrial criteria of adequacy and explicating their relationship through the concept of “audience.” We examine a range of studies in this light, with a view to their possible candidacy as hybrid studies and identify three types of application of EM studies of work: market research, design, and business improvement. Application in the first of these fields we dub “anthropological,” (...)
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  28.  26
    A Case Study of Teaching Social Responsibility to Doctoral Students in the Climate Sciences.Tom Børsen, Avan N. Antia & Mirjam Sophia Glessmer - 2013 - Science and Engineering Ethics 19 (4):1491-1504.
    The need to make young scientists aware of their social responsibilities is widely acknowledged, although the question of how to actually do it has so far gained limited attention. A 2-day workshop entitled “Prepared for social responsibility?” attended by doctoral students from multiple disciplines in climate science, was targeted at the perceived needs of the participants and employed a format that took them through three stages of ethics education: sensitization, information and empowerment. The workshop aimed at preparing doctoral students to (...)
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  29.  21
    Detecting poor design, erroneous analysis and misinterpretation of studies.D. R. Appleton - 1995 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 1 (2):113-117.
  30.  45
    Study on Smart Home Interface Design Characteristics Considering the Influence of Age Difference: Focusing on Sliders.Na Yu, Ziwei Ouyang & Hehe Wang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Smart homes represent an effective approach to improve one’s quality of life. Developing user interfaces that are both comfortable and understandable can assist users, particularly the elderly, embrace smart home technologies. It’s critical to concentrate on the characteristics of smart home interface design and their impact on people of various ages. Since sliders are one of the most common components utilized in the smart home user interface, this article aimed to investigate the effects of slider design characteristics on (...)
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  31.  40
    Academic Dishonesty, Self-Control, and General Criminality: A Prospective and Retrospective Study of Academic Dishonesty in a New Zealand University.Mei Wah M. Williams & Matthew Neil Williams - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (2):89 - 112.
    Academic dishonesty is an insidious problem that besets most tertiary institutions, where considerable resources are expended to prevent and manage students' dishonest actions within academia. Using a mixed retrospective and prospective design this research investigated Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory as a possible explanation for academic dishonesty in 264 university students. The relationship between academic dishonesty and general criminality was also examined. A significant but small to moderate relationship between academic dishonesty and general criminality was present, including correlations with (...)
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  32.  23
    Trial Design and Informed Consent for a Clinic-Based Study With a Treatment as Usual Control Arm.Howard B. Degenholtz, Lisa S. Parker & Charles F. Reynolds - 2002 - Ethics and Behavior 12 (1):43-62.
    Employing the National Institute of Mental Health-funded Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly Collaborative Trial as a case study, we discuss 2 sets of ethical issues: obtaining informed consent for a clinic-based intervention study and using treatment as usual (TAU) as the control condition. We then address these ethical issues in the context of the debate about the quality improvement efforts of health care organizations. Our analysis reveals the tension between ethics and scientific integrity involved with using (...)
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  33.  16
    Trial Design and Informed Consent for a Clinic-Based Study With a Treatment as Usual Control Arm.Howard B. Degenholtz, Lisa S. Parker & I. I. I. Charles F. Reynolds - 2002 - Ethics and Behavior 12 (1):43-62.
    Employing the National Institute of Mental Health-funded Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly Collaborative Trial as a case study, we discuss 2 sets of ethical issues: obtaining informed consent for a clinic-based intervention study and using treatment as usual (TAU) as the control condition. We then address these ethical issues in the context of the debate about the quality improvement efforts of health care organizations. Our analysis reveals the tension between ethics and scientific integrity involved with using (...)
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  34.  89
    Comparative legal study on privacy and personal data protection for robots equipped with artificial intelligence: looking at functional and technological aspects.Kaori Ishii - 2019 - AI and Society 34 (3):509-533.
    This paper undertakes a comparative legal study to analyze the challenges of privacy and personal data protection posed by Artificial Intelligence embedded in Robots, and to offer policy suggestions. After identifying the benefits from various AI usages and the risks posed by AI-related technologies, I then analyze legal frameworks and relevant discussions in the EU, USA, Canada, and Japan, and further consider the efforts of Privacy by Design originating in Ontario, Canada. While various AI usages provide great convenience, (...)
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  35. Mental Health and Academic Motivation Among Graduating College Students: A Correlational Study.Reignell Mariz Imperial, Jonan Jeff Ibanga, Josaiah David, Joana Mae Macapagal & Jhoselle Tus - 2023 - Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 10 (8):902-908.
    This study investigates the significant relationship between mental health and academic motivation among graduating students. Thus, the study employed a correlational design to determine if there is a significant relationship between mental health and academic motivation among 150 graduating college students. Hence, the Mental Health Inventory 38 (MHI-38) and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS-C28) were employed to measure the study variables. Moreover, statistical analysis reveals that the r coefficient of 0.35 indicates a low positive correlation between the (...)
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  36.  9
    Aesthetically Designing Video-Call Technology With Care Home Residents: A Focus Group Study.Sonam Zamir, Felicity Allman, Catherine Hagan Hennessy, Adrian Haffner Taylor & Ray Brian Jones - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    BackgroundVideo-calls have proven to be useful for older care home residents in improving socialization and reducing loneliness. Nonetheless, to facilitate the acceptability and usability of a new technological intervention, especially among people with dementia, there is a need for user-led design improvements. The current study conducted focus groups with an embedded activity with older people to allow for a person-centered design of a video-call intervention.MethodsTwenty-eight residents across four care homes in the South West of England participated in (...)
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  37.  11
    A Study on Maker Teaching Activity Design in Senior High School General Technology Course for Creativity Cultivation.Hongjiang Wang, YuanFen Ye, Xiaoling Liao, Zuokun Li & Yingli Liang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    General Technology Course in senior high school focuses on skill training and the connection and comprehensive application of interdisciplinary knowledge, and it is a compulsory course for cultivating students' creative potential. However, GTC in domestic senior high school has low teaching efficiency and fails to cultivate students' creativity well. Fortunately, after years of theoretical and practical research in China, the Maker Education, which focuses on cultivating students' innovative ability, has produced well-recognized applied research results. For this reason, this paper integrates (...)
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  38.  2
    A study of the effects of thematic language teaching on the promotion of multimedia design students’ listening and speaking skills.Sheng-Kai Yin - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Previously, language teaching has been focused on the passive learning of the alphabet. In addition, the research on teaching listening and speaking skills was limited. Listening skill is the key to learning a language, and speaking is the first explicit behavior of language. In order to improve language skills which are emphasized in new curriculum guidelines, student-centered thematic language teaching is considered as valuable. Through this, the concepts of multiple intelligences and curriculum integration were re-emphasized. An experimental design was (...)
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  39.  13
    Longitudinal Trajectories of Study Characteristics and Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Lockdown.Llewellyn E. van Zyl, Sebastiaan Rothmann & Maria A. J. Zondervan-Zwijnenburg - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    The COVID-19 lockdown has significantly disrupted the higher education environment within the Netherlands and led to changes in available study-related resources and study demands of students. These changes in study resources and study demands, the uncertainty and confusion about educational activities, the developing fear and anxiety about the disease, and the implementation of the COVID-19 lockdown measures may have a significant impact on the mental health of students. As such, this study aimed to investigate the (...)
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  40.  10
    Thermal Performance of External Walls, Case Study Tirana, Albania.Klodjan Xhexhi - 2023 - International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Management (Ijarem) 9 (3):07-12.
    The need to design and build according to the resident’s demands is the best possible option, in today's economic market. Nowadays, buildings that ensure a good thermal performance is increasing. This article compares the thermal transmittance coefficient (U-value) between a wall with a simple composition of bricks, plaster and graffito without thermal insulation and a wall composed of stone wool, anti-vapors membrane, air gap and terracotta tiles (ventilated façade). This comparison explains the thermal benefits and the best ways to (...)
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  41.  36
    CSCW design reconceptualised through science studies.Casper Bruun Jensen - 2001 - AI and Society 15 (3):200-215.
    This paper points out the need for an analytical and ontological reorientation of the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). It is argued that even though this field is heterogeneous it is marred by general problems of conceptualising the co-constitutive relations between humans and technologies. This is demonstrated through readings of several recent CSCW analyses. It is then suggested that a conceptual improvement can be facilitated by paying attention to newer scientific studies, here exemplified by Pickering, Haraway and Latour.
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  42.  16
    The role of bioethics services in paediatric intensive care units: a qualitative descriptive study.Denise Alexander, Mary Quirke, Jo Greene, Lorna Cassidy, Carol Hilliard & Maria Brenner - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-12.
    Background There is considerable variation in the functionality of bioethical services in different institutions and countries for children in hospital, despite new challenges due to increasing technology supports for children with serious illness and medical complexity. We aimed to understand how bioethics services address bioethical concerns that are increasingly encountered in paediatric intensive care. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used to describe clinician’s perspectives on the functionality of clinical bioethics services for paediatric intensive care units. Clinicians who were (...)
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  43.  26
    The study of database design must address privacy concerns.Florence Appel - 2006 - Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 4 (3):155-161.
    The proliferation of electronic databases has given rise to many practices and occurrences that pose serious threats to personal privacy. This paper argues that attention to privacy should be an integral part of the database design process, and that database designers are uniquely positioned to ensure that this happens. To motivate students to become privacy‐conscious database design professionals, computer science programs must meet the challenges of implementing an “ethics across the curriculum” methodology to integrate privacy content throughout the (...)
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  44.  34
    Designing Awe in Virtual Reality: An Experimental Study.Alice Chirico, Francesco Ferrise, Lorenzo Cordella & Andrea Gaggioli - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  45.  31
    The Design-Based Approach to the Study of Mind (in humans, other animals, and machines), Including the Study of Behaviour Involving Mental Processes.Aaron Sloman - manuscript
    When scientists attempt to explain observations of behaviour in humans and other animals, they often use language that evolved for informal discourse among people engaged in every day social interaction, like this: What does the infant/child/adult/chimp/crow perceive/understand/learn/intend? What is he/she/it conscious of? What does he/she/it experience/enjoy/desire? What is he/she/it attending to? Why did he/she/it do X, start Xing, stop Xing, speed up Xing...? Does he/she/it know that...? What did/does he/she/it expect will happen, if...? Similar comments can be made about the (...)
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  46.  22
    A study of reaction time using factorial design.B. Baxter - 1942 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 31 (5):430.
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  47.  23
    The within-subjects design in the study of facial expressions.Michelle Yik, Sherri C. Widen & James A. Russell - 2013 - Cognition and Emotion 27 (6):1062-1072.
  48.  59
    Can the written information to research subjects be improved?--an empirical study.E. Bjorn, P. Rossel & S. Holm - 1999 - Journal of Medical Ethics 25 (3):263-267.
    OBJECTIVES: To study whether linguistic analysis and changes in information leaflets can improve readability and understanding. DESIGN: Randomised, controlled study. Two information leaflets concerned with trials of drugs for conditions/diseases which are commonly known were modified, and the original was tested against the revised version. SETTING: Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: 235 persons in the relevant age groups. MAIN MEASURES: Readability and understanding of contents. RESULTS: Both readability and understanding of contents was improved: readability with regard to both information leaflets (...)
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  49. Designing vignette studies in marketing.K. D. Wason, M. J. Polonsky & M. R. Hyman - 2002 - Australasian Marketing Journal 10 (3):41--58.
     
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  50.  25
    Trustworthy artificial intelligence and ethical design: public perceptions of trustworthiness of an AI-based decision-support tool in the context of intrapartum care.Angeliki Kerasidou, Antoniya Georgieva & Rachel Dlugatch - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-16.
    BackgroundDespite the recognition that developing artificial intelligence (AI) that is trustworthy is necessary for public acceptability and the successful implementation of AI in healthcare contexts, perspectives from key stakeholders are often absent from discourse on the ethical design, development, and deployment of AI. This study explores the perspectives of birth parents and mothers on the introduction of AI-based cardiotocography (CTG) in the context of intrapartum care, focusing on issues pertaining to trust and trustworthiness.MethodsSeventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with (...)
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