Social organization in microcosm : anomalies and ritual concentrate conflict -- Comparing on a grand scale : elementary forms do the organizing -- Building fundamental explanations : rituals do the institutionalizing, and institutions make change -- Analytic method is also ritual peacemaking : thinking in circles helps to defuse conflict -- Douglas's contribution to understanding human thought and conflict.

This paper reports the validation of a 6-item short form of the original 35-item Servant Leadership Behavior Scale, a widely used measure of servant leadership behavior. The holistic perspective of servant leadership and the inclusion of spirituality are two distinctive features of the SLBS relative to other servant leadership measures. Psychometric properties of the SLBS-6 were examined on the basis of seven studies. In the preliminary scale development, the factor structure of the new measure was tested using a combination of (...) all samples. The subsequent seven studies were aimed at building further its construct validity relative to observed variables within the servant leadership nomological network in direct, mediating, and moderating relationships. Analyses of all datasets using MPlus with maximum-likelihood estimation provided support for the 6-item structure and demonstrated its internal consistency reliability, criterion-related validity, and construct validity. As such, the study presents the SLBS-6 as the shortest holistic measure of servant leadership to date that can be used with confidence for research and training purposes. (shrink)

Çocukluk dönemi, diğer gelişim alanları açısından olduğu gibi dinî geli-şim açısından da önemli bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde çocuk, temel dini bilgi ve değerleri belli ölçüde ailesinden alabilse de uzmanların rehberliğinde bir eğitime ihtiyaç duyduğu açıktır. Türkiye’de örgün eğitimde 10 yaşından küçük çocuklara ayrı bir ders olarak din eğitimi verilmemesi, bu ihtiyacın yaygın din eğitimi yoluyla karşılanmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. 2012 yılına kadar ilkokulu bitirmeyen çocukların yaz Kur’an kurslarına gitmesi dahi yasaklanmıştır. Bununla birlikte bu yasağın temelsizliği farkedilmiş ve 2013 yılından itibaren 4-6 (...) yaş Kur’an Kursları açılarak çocukların din eğitimi alabilmesi için bir imkân sunulmuştur. Bu kurslar çocuklarına mensup oldukları dini öğretmek isteyen aileler tarafından yoğun ilgi görmektedir. Henüz kurumsallaşma sürecini tamamlamamış bu kursların varlığının anlamlı hale gelmesi ve devam edebilmesi için buralarda nitelikli bir eğitim verilmesi zorunludur. Eğitim faaliyetlerinin niteliğini belirleyen en önemli unsurlardan biri olan öğreticilerin, bu kurslarda verilen eğitimle ilgili düşüncelerinin tespit edilerek değerlendirilmesi, kursların verimliliğinin arttırılması açısından katkı sağlayıcı görülmektedir. Nitel olarak kurgulanan bu çalışmada Tekirdağ’ın Çorlu ilçesinde görev yapan öğreticilerin görüşleri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılarak odak grup görüşmesi yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, betimleme ve içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. (shrink)

Philosophical debates about the mental life of non-human animals provide an especially vivid illustration of how radically philosophers‘ intuitions concerning other minds can diverge. Do animals have mental states? Of what sort? Do any of the beasts have minds that overlap with ours? Is there any significant continuity between their minds and ours? Davidson is well known for arguing that, for conceptual reasons, at least when it comes to beliefs and other propositional attitudes, non-human animals differ from us in having (...) none. For example, he has argued that having beliefs requires having the concept of belief, which in turn requires language (Davidson (2001a), (2001b)). He has also argued that possession of any propositional attitude presupposes possession of belief, and that attributing any propositional attitude to a creature requires crediting them with the concepts that figure in the specification of the attitude‘s content (Davidson (2001a), (2001b) (2004)). Davidson‘s arguments are tantalizing, but also puzzling, and far from explicit; and they have been subjected to sharp scrutiny and powerful objections from a number of authors in recent years. (shrink)

"Aptavani 6" is the sixth in a series of spiritual books titled "Aptavani". In this series, Gnani Purush (embodiment of Self knowledge) Dada Bhagwan addresses age-old unanswered questions of spiritual seekers. Dadashri offers in-depth answers to the urgent questions of: "What is the cause of life problems?", "I experience so much internal struggle while facing problems -- teach me how to get inner peace?", "What is peace of mind, and how can I attain it?", "I have so many problems in (...) everyday life, my life feels like the very definition of injustice -- help me understand how to live?!"Dadashri explains that, from understanding "Who am I?" and attaining knowledge of Self, a foundation of spirituality opens up within. From this spiritual awakening, a newfound ability to face life problems arises. One begins to experience inner equanimity and peace of mind -- regardless of any problems in everyday life. (shrink)

Delphica 6. Notes on the stairway of the theater at Delphi (SD 541) The stairway, made of limestone, by which one reached the theater at Delphi since its discovery (end of the 19th c.) was dismantled in 1974. Below it were discovered two earlier ones, made of poros, a third of the width and seemingly not related to the theater. The datings have varied according to time and author. The limestone stairway has even been considered a paleochristian construction. It is (...) true that its first narrow flight of steps resulted from a transformation of that date. But a trace still visible on the string wall permits documenting the original profile of this part and reconstituting a width equal to the rest of the structure, thus restoring a monumental aspect to the ensemble. The date must be that now attributed to the theater : 160-150. (shrink)

English summary: This Arabic edition and French translation of Avicennas commentary on Aristotles Lambda offers a clear opportunity to better understand the Greek philosophers influence on medieval Arabic philosophy, especially concerning the hierarchy of the universe. French description: Ce texte d'Avicenne est l'un des seuls commentaires sur Aristote laisses par le philosophe persan. Il s'attaque au noyau theologique de la Metaphysique du Stagirite, les chapitres 6 a 10 du livre Lambda. Avicenne depend d'une tradition greco-arabe (Alexandre d'Aphrodise, Themistius, l'ecole "peripateticienne" (...) de Bagdad). La tradition arabe a aussi attribue a Aristote plusieurs oeuvres d'origine neoplatonicienne, notamment une Theologie adaptee de Plotin, et un Livre du Bien pur, adaptation des Elements de Theologie de Proclus. Le Dieu d'Aristote est ainsi pour Avicenne la Cause premiere efficiente de l'etre. La structure hierarchique de l'univers resulte de l'emanation produite par l'autointelligence du premier Principe. Il ne fait pas de doute, pour Avicenne, que ces doctrines aient ete celles du Stagirite. (shrink)

Any view stressing the relevance of the engaged perspective for value realism must face the fact of diversity of moral views. There is significant intercultural diversity in people’s beliefs about values. Skeptics like Mackie argue that the diversity results from there being nothing for people to know, or at least nothing they can know. In this chapter I try to show that engaged value realism is compatible with universal, unrestricted validity of values. In 6.1 and 6.2 I discuss various possible (...) ways of facing the intercultural diversity of value-convictions. Then I discuss in more detail the central question of whether the validity of some evaluative considerations should be restricted to cultural communities in some relativistic fashion (6.3 and 6.4). The chapter ends with some clarifications concerning universality and validity, as well as the nature of internal criticism (6.5 and 6.6). (shrink)

This is the text of Hdt. 6.105.1–2, as printed by the most recent editors, Wilson and Hornblower–Pelling:καὶ πρῶτα μὲν ἐόντες ἔτι ἐν τῷ ἄστεϊ οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἀποπέμπουσι ἐς Σπάρτην κήρυκα Φιλιππίδην, Ἀθηναῖον μὲν ἄνδρα, ἄλλως δὲ ἡμεροδρόμην τε καὶ τοῦτο μελετῶντα· τῷ δή, ὡς αὐτός γε ἔλεγε Φιλιππίδης καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι ἀπήγγελλε, περὶ τὸ Παρθένιον ὄρος τὸ ὑπὲρ Τεγέης ὁ Πὰν περιπίπτει· βώσαντα δὲ τὸ οὔνομα τοῦ Φιλιππίδεω τὸν ΠᾶναἈθηναίους κελεῦσαι ἐπειρωτῆσαι, δι᾽ ὅ τι ἑωυτοῦ οὐδεμίαν ἐπιμελείαν ποιεῦνται, ἐόντος εὐνόου Ἀθηναίοισι (...) καὶ πολλαχῇ γενομένου σφι ἤδη χρηστοῦ, τὰ δ᾽ ἔτι καὶ ἐσομένου.MSSἈθηναίοισι … ἀπαγγεῖλαιWilsonἈθηναίους … ἐπειρωτῆσαι. (shrink)

This article seeks to interpret the phrase Πάτερ, ημων ο εν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς in the invocation of the Lord’s Prayer in the light of Ewe-Ghanaian cosmology. The article employs a combination of the historical-critical and indigenous mother tongue biblical hermeneutical approaches to explore the implication of the invocation for Ewe-Ghanaian Christian spirituality today. The article firstly discusses the various theological and hermeneutical positions of the invocation in dialogue with Ewe-Ghanaian concept of God and the plurality of his dwelling place. The (...) article argues that Matthew’s use of οὐρανοῖς to suggest a plurality in God’s dwelling place resonates with Ewe cosmology, where it is believed that there are seven states of existence and that Mawugã, the Supreme Being, dwells in the first – the absolute state. Thus God exists in ‘seven heavens’ in Ewe cosmology, with the highest heaven being the eternal state of abode. On the other hand, the inclusive interpretation of the fatherhood of God in Ewe cosmology is discontinuous with the exclusive interpretation in the works of the church fathers such as Cyprian, Origen, Gregory of Nissa, Augustine and Clement of Alexandria. This hermeneutical position, the article observes, was responsible for the theological tensions that characterised the encounter between missionary Christianity and Ewe indigenous religion in the middle of the 19th century. However, the introduction of social services as evangelisation strategy, the legacy of the Ewe Bible and liturgy and the handing over of the Ewe church to the indigenous coworkers may have contributed to a large extent in ensuring religious tolerance among followers of the two religions. Today, Ewe-Ghanaian popular Christianity has shifted from its apologetic stance to a more liberal stance and employs indigenous religious and cultural categories in theologising.Contribution: Matthew’s rendition of the invocation of the Lord’s Prayer in the context of Ewe-Ghanaian cosmology is the focus of this article. The article forms part of the researcher’s contribution to the academic knowledge on the Lord’s Prayer and inspires the use of mother tongue biblical hermeneutics in the development of theological materials for the Ewe-Ghanaian Christian communities in Ghana and Togo. (shrink)

Andrew Davis; 6. Transfer, Abilities and Rules, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 32, Issue 1, 7 March 2003, Pages 75–106, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467.

Andrew Davis; 6. Transfer, Abilities and Rules, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 32, Issue 1, 7 March 2003, Pages 75–106, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467.