Results for 'Marc Gunther'

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  1.  69
    Human Body Perception From the Inside Out.Günther Knoblich, Ian Thornton, Marc Grosjean & Maggie Shiffrar (eds.) - 2006 - Oxford University Press.
    This volume will be an invaluable guide for student and professional researchers in visual perception, cognitive psychology, and cognitive neuroscience.
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  2.  16
    Government - The Rapid Rise of “Moral Liability”.Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 19 (4):7-7.
  3.  46
    Governance.Marc Gunther - 2006 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 20 (1):7-7.
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  4.  20
    Government: Business Moves Left as Government Moves Right.Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 19 (1):11-12.
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  5.  25
    Governance: When Critics Turn Into Friends.Marc Gunther - 2006 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 20 (1):7-7.
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  6.  36
    Government: Sunshine Is the Best Disinfectant.Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 19 (2):7-7.
  7.  4
    Government.Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 19 (1):11-12.
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  8.  3
    Government.Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 19 (1):11-12.
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  9.  3
    Government - The Rapid Rise of “Moral Liability”.Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 19 (4):7-7.
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  10.  15
    Governance.Marc Gunther - 2006 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 20 (1):7-7.
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  11.  19
    Worldwide.Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics 19 (3):12-12.
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  12.  15
    Worldwide: Can Factory Monitoring Ever Really Work?Marc Gunther - 2005 - Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 19 (3):12-12.
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  13.  16
    Physics is Organized Around Transformations Connecting Contextures in a Polycontextural World.Johannes Falk, Edwin Eichler, Katja Windt & Marc-Thorsten Hütt - 2022 - Foundations of Science 27 (3):1229-1251.
    The rich body of physical theories defines the foundation of our understanding of the world. Its mathematical formulation is based on classical Aristotelian logic. In the philosophy of science the ambiguities, paradoxes, and the possibility of subjective interpretations of facts have challenged binary logic, leading, among other developments, to Gotthard Günther’s theory of polycontexturality. Günther’s theory explains how observers with subjective perception can become aware of their own subjectivity and provides means to describe contradicting or even paradox observations in a (...)
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  14.  33
    Probabilidad, causalidad y explicación. [REVIEW]Marc Meléndez Schofield - 2011 - Theoria: Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 26 (1):109-112.
  15. Universalism vs. communitarianism: contemporary debates in ethics.David M. Rasmussen (ed.) - 1990 - Cambridge: MIT Press.
    Universalism vs. Communitarianism focuses on the question, raised by recent work in normative philosophy, of whether ethical norms are best derived and justified on the basis of universal or communitarian standards. It is unique in representing both Continental and American points of view and both the older and a younger generation of scholars. The essays introduce the key issues involved in universalism vs. communitarianism and take up ethics in historical perspective, practical reason and ethical responsibility, justification, application and history, and (...)
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  16. What Makes a Scientific Explanation Distinctively Mathematical?Marc Lange - 2013 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64 (3):485-511.
    Certain scientific explanations of physical facts have recently been characterized as distinctively mathematical –that is, as mathematical in a different way from ordinary explanations that employ mathematics. This article identifies what it is that makes some scientific explanations distinctively mathematical and how such explanations work. These explanations are non-causal, but this does not mean that they fail to cite the explanandum’s causes, that they abstract away from detailed causal histories, or that they cite no natural laws. Rather, in these explanations, (...)
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  17. A dissociation between moral judgments and justifications.Marc Hauser, Fiery Cushman, Liane Young, J. I. N. Kang-Xing & John Mikhail - 2007 - Mind and Language 22 (1):1–21.
    To what extent do moral judgments depend on conscious reasoning from explicitly understood principles? We address this question by investigating one particular moral principle, the principle of the double effect. Using web-based technology, we collected a large data set on individuals' responses to a series of moral dilemmas, asking when harm to innocent others is permissible. Each moral dilemma presented a choice between action and inaction, both resulting in lives saved and lives lost. Results showed that: (1) patterns of moral (...)
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  18. Algorithmic and human decision making: for a double standard of transparency.Mario Günther & Atoosa Kasirzadeh - 2022 - AI and Society 37 (1):375-381.
    Should decision-making algorithms be held to higher standards of transparency than human beings? The way we answer this question directly impacts what we demand from explainable algorithms, how we govern them via regulatory proposals, and how explainable algorithms may help resolve the social problems associated with decision making supported by artificial intelligence. Some argue that algorithms and humans should be held to the same standards of transparency and that a double standard of transparency is hardly justified. We give two arguments (...)
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  19. Eliminative pluralism.Marc Ereshefsky - 1992 - Philosophy of Science 59 (4):671-690.
    This paper takes up the cause of species pluralism. An argument for species pluralism is provided and standard monist objections to pluralism are answered. A new form of species pluralism is developed and shown to be an improvement over previous forms. This paper also offers a general foundation on which to base a pluralistic approach to biological classification.
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  20. Species pluralism and anti-realism.Marc Ereshefsky - 1998 - Philosophy of Science 65 (1):103-120.
    Species pluralism gives us reason to doubt the existence of the species category. The problem is not that species concepts are chosen according to our interests or that pluralism and the desire for hierarchical classifications are incompatible. The problem is that the various taxa we call 'species' lack a common unifying feature.
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  21. Decide As You Would With Full Information! An Argument Against Ex Ante Pareto.Marc Fleurbaey & Alex Voorhoeve - 2013 - In Nir Eyal, Samia A. Hurst, Ole F. Norheim & Dan Wikler (eds.), Inequalities in Health: Concepts, Measures, and Ethics. Oxford University Press.
    Policy-makers must sometimes choose between an alternative which has somewhat lower expected value for each person, but which will substantially improve the outcomes of the worst off, or an alternative which has somewhat higher expected value for each person, but which will leave those who end up worst off substantially less well off. The popular ex ante Pareto principle requires the choice of the alternative with higher expected utility for each. We argue that ex ante Pareto ought to be rejected (...)
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  22. Species, higher taxa, and the units of evolution.Marc Ereshefsky - 1991 - Philosophy of Science 58 (1):84-101.
    A number of authors argue that while species are evolutionary units, individuals and real entities, higher taxa are not. I argue that drawing the divide between species and higher taxa along such lines has not been successful. Common conceptions of evolutionary units either include or exclude both types of taxa. Most species, like all higher taxa, are not individuals, but historical entities. Furthermore, higher taxa are neither more nor less real than species. None of this implies that there is no (...)
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  23.  67
    The institutional determinants of social responsibility.Marc T. Jones - 1999 - Journal of Business Ethics 20 (2):163 - 179.
    Previous research in the social responsibility/social performance area has failed to systematically address the institutional determinants of social responsibility and its various manifestations in terms of social performance. This paper examines the relationship between the configuration of institutional structures at various levels and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the concept of social responsibility to manifest in the practice of stakeholder management. In particular we hypothesize that smaller, closely held firms in profitable niches are in the optimum position to practice (...)
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  24.  13
    A Connexive Conditional.Mario Günther - 2022 - Logos and Episteme 13 (1):55-63.
    We propose a semantics for a connexive conditional based on the Lewis-Stalnaker conditional. It is a connexive semantics that is both classical and intuitive.
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  25. Equality of resources revisited.Marc Fleurbaey - 2002 - Ethics 113 (1):82-105.
  26. Evolutionary and developmental foundations of human knowledge.Marc D. Hauser & Elizabeth Spelke - 2004 - In Michael S. Gazzaniga (ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences III. MIT Press.
    What are the brain and cognitive systems that allow humans to play baseball, compute square roots, cook soufflés, or navigate the Tokyo subways? It may seem that studies of human infants and of non-human animals will tell us little about these abilities, because only educated, enculturated human adults engage in organized games, formal mathematics, gourmet cooking, or map-reading. In this chapter, we argue against this seemingly sensible conclusion. When human adults exhibit complex, uniquely human, culture-specific skills, they draw on a (...)
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  27.  40
    Play in predictive minds: A cognitive theory of play.Marc Malmdorf Andersen, Julian Kiverstein, Mark Miller & Andreas Roepstorff - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (2):462-479.
  28.  75
    Causal and Evidential Conditionals.Mario Günther - 2022 - Minds and Machines 32 (4):613-626.
    We put forth an account for when to believe causal and evidential conditionals. The basic idea is to embed a causal model in an agent’s belief state. For the evaluation of conditionals seems to be relative to beliefs about both particular facts and causal relations. Unlike other attempts using causal models, we show that ours can account rather well not only for various causal but also evidential conditionals.
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  29.  61
    Learning Conditional Information by Jeffrey Imaging on Stalnaker Conditionals.Mario Günther - 2018 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 47 (5):851-876.
    We propose a method of learning indicative conditional information. An agent learns conditional information by Jeffrey imaging on the minimally informative proposition expressed by a Stalnaker conditional. We show that the predictions of the proposed method align with the intuitions in Douven, 239–263 2012)’s benchmark examples. Jeffrey imaging on Stalnaker conditionals can also capture the learning of uncertain conditional information, which we illustrate by generating predictions for the Judy Benjamin Problem.
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  30. Intentional systems theory, mental causation and empathic resonance.Marc V. P. Slors - 2007 - Erkenntnis 67 (2):321-336.
    In the first section of this paper I argue that the main reason why Daniel Dennett’s Intentional Systems Theory (IST) has been perceived as behaviourist or antirealist is its inability to account for the causal efficacy of the mental. The rest of the paper is devoted to the claim that by emending the theory with a phenomenon called ‘empathic resonance’ (ER), it can account for the various explananda in the mental causation debate. Thus, IST + ER is a much more (...)
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  31. Consciousness of action and self-consciousness: A cognitive neuroscience approach.Marc Jeannerod - 2003 - In Agency and Self-Awareness: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  32.  12
    Philosophie der Republik.Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer & Benno Zabel (eds.) - 2018 - Tübingen: Mohr.
    English summary: The freedom potential of modern societies, above all the justification of political authority, is today linked to a democratically constituted order. What is meant by the idea of being democratic seems, however, to be anything but clear. Is it only a question of representing the people through elections, ballots, and political parties, or does it include institutional culture, the division of powers, and the legal regime within a community? A "philosophy of the republic," as developed in this volume's (...)
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  33. Some problems with the linnaean hierarchy.Marc Ereshefsky - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (2):186-205.
    Most biologists use the Linnaean system for constructing classifications of the organic world. The Linnaean system, however, has lost its theoretical basis due to the shift in biology from creationist and essentialist tenets to evolutionary theory. As a result, the Linnaean system is both cumbersome and ontologically vacuous. This paper illustrates the problems facing the Linnaean system, and ends with a brief introduction to an alternative approach to biological classification.
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  34. Der Sinn für Angemessenheit.Klaus Günther - 1990 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 44 (3):491-495.
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  35. Bridging the gap between human kinds and biological kinds.Marc Ereshefsky - 2004 - Philosophy of Science 71 (5):912-921.
    Many writers claim that human kinds are significantly different from biological and natural kinds. Some suggest that humans kinds are unique because social structures are essential for the etiology of human kinds. Others argue that human cultural evolution is decidedly different from other forms of evolution. In this paper I suggest that the gulf between humans and our biological relatives is not as wide as some argue. There is a taxonomic difference between human and nonhuman organisms, but such factors as (...)
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  36. Getting emotional - a neural perspective on emotion, intention, and consciousness.Marc D. Lewis & Rebecca M. Todd - 2005 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 12 (8-10):210-235.
    Intentions and emotions arise together, and emotions compel us to pursue goals. However, it is not clear when emotions become objects of awareness, how emotional awareness changes with goal pursuit, or how psychological and neural processes mediate such change. We first review a psychological model of emotional episodes and propose that goal obstruction extends the duration of these episodes while increasing cognitive complexity and emotional intensity. We suggest that attention is initially focused on action plans and their obstruction, and only (...)
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  37.  42
    Predictive minds in Ouija board sessions.Marc Andersen, Kristoffer L. Nielbo, Uffe Schjoedt, Thies Pfeiffer, Andreas Roepstorff & Jesper Sørensen - 2019 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 18 (3):577-588.
    Ouija board sessions are illustrious examples of how subjective feelings of control – the Sense of Agency - can be manipulated in real life settings. We present findings from a field experiment at a paranormal conference, where Ouija enthusiasts were equipped with eye trackers while using the Ouija board. Our results show that participants have a significantly lower probability at visually predicting letters in a Ouija board session compared to a condition in which they are instructed to deliberately spell out (...)
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  38.  75
    Shareholder preferences concerning corporate ethical performance.Marc J. Epstein, Ruth Ann McEwen & Roxanne M. Spindle - 1994 - Journal of Business Ethics 13 (6):447 - 453.
    This study surveyed investors to determine the extent to which they preferred ethical behavior to profits and their interest in having information about corporate ethical behavior reported in the corporate annual report. First, investors were asked to determine what penalties should be assessed against employees who engage in profitable, but unethical, behavior. Second, investors were asked about their interest in using the annual report to disclose the ethical performance of the corporation and company officials. Finally, investors were asked if they (...)
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  39.  33
    Bayesians Still Don’t Learn from Conditionals.Mario Günther & Borut Trpin - 2022 - Acta Analytica 38 (3):439-451.
    One of the open questions in Bayesian epistemology is how to rationally learn from indicative conditionals (Douven, 2016). Eva et al. (Mind 129(514):461–508, 2020) propose a strategy to resolve this question. They claim that their strategy provides a “uniquely rational response to any given learning scenario”. We show that their updating strategy is neither very general nor always rational. Even worse, we generalize their strategy and show that it still fails. Bad news for the Bayesians.
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  40.  18
    Belief revision, minimal change and relaxation: A general framework based on satisfaction systems, and applications to description logics.Marc Aiguier, Jamal Atif, Isabelle Bloch & Céline Hudelot - 2018 - Artificial Intelligence 256 (C):160-180.
  41. From volition to agency: The mechanism of action recognition and its failures.Marc Jeannerod - 2009 - In Natalie Sebanz & Wolfgang Prinz (eds.), Disorders of Volition. Bradford Books.
  42.  39
    Symbol Grounding Without Direct Experience: Do Words Inherit Sensorimotor Activation From Purely Linguistic Context?Fritz Günther, Carolin Dudschig & Barbara Kaup - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (S2):336-374.
    Theories of embodied cognition assume that concepts are grounded in non-linguistic, sensorimotor experience. In support of this assumption, previous studies have shown that upwards response movements are faster than downwards movements after participants have been presented with words whose referents are typically located in the upper vertical space. This is taken as evidence that processing these words reactivates sensorimotor experiential traces. This congruency effect was also found for novel words, after participants learned these words as labels for novel objects that (...)
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  43.  13
    ViSpa (Vision Spaces): A computer-vision-based representation system for individual images and concept prototypes, with large-scale evaluation.Fritz Günther, Marco Marelli, Sam Tureski & Marco Alessandro Petilli - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (4):896-934.
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  44. Epistemic sensitivity and evidence.Mario Günther - 2024 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 67 (6):1348-1366.
    In this paper, we put forth an analysis of sensitivity which aims to discern individual from merely statistical evidence. We argue that sensitivity is not to be understood as a factive concept, but as a purely epistemic one. Our resulting analysis of epistemic sensitivity gives rise to an account of legal proof on which a defendant is only found liable based on epistemically sensitive evidence.
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  45. Ein normativer Begriff der Kohärenz für eine Theorie der juristischen Argumentation”.Klaus Günther - 1989 - Rechtstheorie 20 (1989):163-190.
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  46.  17
    From the ground up: developing a practical ethical methodology for integrating AI into industry.Marc M. Anderson & Karën Fort - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (2):631-645.
    In this article we present a new approach to practical artificial intelligence (AI) ethics in heavy industry, which was developed in the context of an EU Horizons 2020 multi partner project. We begin with a review of the concept of Industry 4.0, discussing the limitations of the concept, and of iterative categorization of heavy industry generally, for a practical human centered ethical approach. We then proceed to an overview of actual and potential AI ethics approaches to heavy industry, suggesting that (...)
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  47.  14
    Der Sinn für Angemessenheit: Anwendungsdiskurse in Moral und Recht.Klaus Günther - 1988
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  48.  11
    Logical dual concepts based on mathematical morphology in stratified institutions: applications to spatial reasoning.Marc Aiguier & Isabelle Bloch - 2019 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 29 (4):392-429.
    Several logical operators are defined as dual pairs, in different types of logics. Such dual pairs of operators also occur in other algebraic theories, such as mathematical morphology. Based on this observation, this paper proposes to define, at the abstract level of institutions, a pair of abstract dual and logical operators as morphological erosion and dilation. Standard quantifiers and modalities are then derived from these two abstract logical operators. These operators are studied both on sets of states and sets of (...)
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  49.  67
    A Normative Conception of Coherence for a Discursive Theory of Legal Justification.Klaus Günther - 1989 - Ratio Juris 2 (2):155-166.
    The author introduces a normative conception of coherence, derived from a pragmatic interpretation of the application of norms to concrete cases. A distinction is made between the justification of a norm and its application. In the case of moral norms, justification and application can be analysed as two different discursive procedures which give rise to different aspects of the principle of impartiality. Impartial justification requires a procedure by which all interests concerned are taken into account whereas impartial application requires a (...)
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  50. Berkeley and bodily resurrection.Marc A. Hight - 2007 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 45 (3):443-458.
    : Establishing and defending the Christian faith serves as both a guide and a limit to Berkeley's intriguing metaphysics. I take Berkeley seriously when he says that his aim is to promote the consideration of God and the truth of Christianity. In this paper I discuss and engage Berkeley's superficially weak argument (which I call the natural analogy argument) in defense of the plausibility of the doctrine of bodily resurrection. When his immaterialist resources are properly applied, the argument has more (...)
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