Results for ' research practice'

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  1.  8
    Questionable Research Practices and Misconduct Among Norwegian Researchers.Matthias Kaiser, Laura Drivdal, Johs Hjellbrekke, Helene Ingierd & Ole Bjørn Rekdal - 2021 - Science and Engineering Ethics 28 (1):1-31.
    This article presents results from the national survey conducted in 2018 for the project Research Integrity in Norway. A total of 31,206 questionnaires were sent out to Norwegian researchers by e-mail, and 7291 responses were obtained. In this paper, we analyse the survey data to determine attitudes towards and the prevalence of fabrication, falsification and plagiarism and contrast this with attitudes towards and the prevalence of the more questionable research practices surveyed. Our results show a relatively low percentage (...)
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  2.  12
    Questionable research practices of medical and dental faculty in Pakistan – a confession.Ayesha Fahim, Aysha Sadaf, Fahim Haider Jafari, Kashif Siddique & Ahsan Sethi - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-8.
    Purpose Intellectual honesty and integrity are the cornerstones of conducting any form of research. Over the last few years, scholars have shown great concerns over questionable research practices (QRPs) in academia. This study aims to investigate the questionable research practices amongst faculty members of medical and dental colleges in Pakistan. Method A descriptive multi-institutional online survey was conducted from June-August 2022. Based on previous studies assessing research misconduct, 43 questionable research practices in four domains: Data (...)
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  3.  2
    Overseeing Research Practice: The Case of Data Editing.Erin Leahey - 2008 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 33 (5):605-630.
    This article examines whether and how a particular research practice is overseen and supervised, and by whom. This investigation fills notable gaps in the literature on science, including a lack of emphasis on larger sociopolitical structures, a neglect of regulation, and indifference toward ethics. The author focuses on the oversight of a particular research practice; data editing; which embodies qualities that are intriguing to sociologists of science: invisibility, uncertainty, heterogeneity, and reliance on tacit knowledge. These characteristics (...)
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  4.  9
    Questionable Research Practices and Credit in Academic Careers.Remco Heesen - manuscript
    This paper investigates how the credit incentive to engage in questionable research practices interacts with cumulative advantage, the process whereby high-status academics more easily increase their status than low-status academics. I use a mathematical model to highlight two dynamics that have not yet received much attention. First, due to cumulative advantage, questionable research practices may pay off over the course of an academic career even if they do not appear attractive at the level of individual publications. Second, because (...)
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  5.  15
    Researcher Practice: Embedding Creative Practice Within Doctoral Research in Industrial Design.Mark Andrew Evans - 2010 - Journal of Research Practice 6 (2):Article M16.
    This article considers the potential for a researcher to use their own creative practice as a method of data collection. Much of the published material in this field focuses on more theoretical positions, with limited use being made of specific PhDs that illustrate the context in which practice was undertaken by the researcher. It explores strategies for data collection and researcher motivation during what the author identifies as "researcher practice." This is achieved through the use of three (...)
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  6. Ethical research practice in educational institutions : engaging with vulnerable participants.Hugh Busher - 2019 - In Hugh Busher & Alison Fox (eds.), Implementing ethics in educational ethnography: regulation and practice. New York, NY: Routledge.
     
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  7.  3
    Reflexive Research Practice in Women’s Prison Research in Uganda.Milliam Kiconco - forthcoming - Social Epistemology.
    Although much has been written about the centrality of reflexivity in qualitative research, the literature on researcher’s reflexivity in prison research is limited. I conducted a PhD qualitative study with a sample of 30 women convicted of murder from one female prison in Uganda. This paper demonstrates the value of reflexivity in research with respect to oppressed women. It does this by discussing what reflexivity is and at what stage of the research process reflexivity is deemed (...)
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  8.  7
    Empersonal Research Practices.Katherine Sweet - 2022 - Scientia et Fides 10 (2):153-166.
    Collaborative research is quite common in contemporary society; indeed, it may be thought that scientists cannot live without it. Yet, it seems difficult to engage in good interdisciplinary collaboration when research methods and background assumptions often differ widely. I suggest in this paper that a disposition to inquire into another person is essential to good collaborative research. I first explain what I mean by “empersonal inquisitiveness” and why it is important in interdisciplinary collaboration. Inquiring into a person (...)
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  9.  14
    Minimizing Questionable Research Practices – The Role of Norms, Counter Norms, and Micro-Organizational Ethics Discussion.Solmaz Filiz Karabag, Christian Berggren, Jolanta Pielaszkiewicz & Bengt Gerdin - forthcoming - Journal of Academic Ethics:1-27.
    Breaches of research integrity have gained considerable attention due to high-profile scandals involving questionable research practices by reputable scientists. These practices include plagiarism, manipulation of authorship, biased presentation of findings and misleading reports of significance. To combat such practices, policymakers tend to rely on top-down measures, mandatory ethics training and stricter regulation, despite limited evidence of their effectiveness. In this study, we investigate the occurrence and underlying factors of questionable research practices (QRPs) through an original survey of (...)
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  10.  9
    Prevalence of Research Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Yu Xie, Kai Wang & Yan Kong - 2021 - Science and Engineering Ethics 27 (4):1-28.
    Irresponsible research practices damaging the value of science has been an increasing concern among researchers, but previous work failed to estimate the prevalence of all forms of irresponsible research behavior. Additionally, these analyses have not included articles published in the last decade from 2011 to 2020. This meta-analysis provides an updated meta-analysis that calculates the pooled estimates of research misconduct and questionable research practices, and explores the factors associated with the prevalence of these issues. The estimates, (...)
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  11.  2
    The research-practice gap and the role of decision analysis in closing it.Jack Dowie - 1996 - Health Care Analysis 4 (1):5-18.
    Current hypotheses for the existence of the ‘research-practice gap’ focus on weaknesses in research dissemination on the one hand and practitioner attitudes and motivations on the other. It is suggested that the gap has more fundamental origins in the cognitive and value mismatch between researchers and practitioners. To narrow the gap both cultures need to use a common framework (map and language) that is located at a level of analysis between their typical modes and makes explicit provision (...)
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  12.  10
    The ombudsman for research practice.Dr Ruth L. Fischbach & Diane C. Gilbert - 1995 - Science and Engineering Ethics 1 (4):389-402.
    We propose that institutions consider establishing a position of “Ombudsman for Research Practice”. This person would assume several roles: as asounding board to those needing confidential consultation about research issues — basic, applied or clinical; as afacilitator for those wishing to pursue a formal grievance process; and as aneducator to distribute guidelines and standards, to raise the consciousness regarding sloppy or irregular practices in order to prevent misconduct and to promote the responsible conduct of research. While (...)
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  13.  15
    Research Practice in Art and Design: Experiential Knowledge and Organised Inquiry.Kristina Niedderer & Linden Reilly - 2010 - Journal of Research Practice 6 (2):Article E2.
    Experiential knowledge is not often associated with research and organized inquiry, and even less often with the rigour of debating and honing research methods and methodology. However, many researchers in art and design and related fields perceive experiential knowledge or tacit knowledge as an integral part of their practice. The editorial article for the special issue on "Research Practice in Art and Design: Experiential Knowledge and Organised Inquiry" explores how research can recognise the relationship (...)
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  14.  11
    Promoting Good Research Practices—Taking Responsibility for the Researchers of Tomorrow.Lena Johansson Westholm & Niclas Månsson - 2022 - Teaching Ethics 22 (1):149-165.
    In respect to the increased number of cases of research misconduct in Sweden, especially the Macchiarini case, a new national ethics legislation has been adopted. Following the previous and new legal acts and the Higher Ordinance for studies, Swedish universities have established qualitative measures to make sure that PhD students have knowledge about research ethics when graduating, for instance through offering third-cycle courses in research ethics. In this article, we describe how a Swedish university has been working (...)
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  15.  4
    Research Practice in Research Assistantships: Introducing the Special Issue on Research Assistantships.Michelle K. McGinn & Ewelina K. Niemczyk - 2013 - Journal of Research Practice 9 (2):Article E2 (proof).
    The idea for this special issue came from our mutual interest in research education and the development of future researchers. Our shared program of research has led us to discover the potentials, complexities, and dilemmas associated with research assistantships where newcomers assist more experienced researchers to conduct research projects. We considered a wide range of proposals and papers addressing different aspects of research assistantships. The resulting collection includes self-studies and analyses of others, as well as (...)
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  16.  3
    The ResearchPractice Gap and the Role of Decision Analysis in Closing It.Jack Dowie - 1996 - Health Care Analysis 4 (1):5-18.
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  17. Practitioner research, practical wisdom and teaching.Wouter Sanderse - 2018 - In David Carr (ed.), Cultivating Moral Character and Virtue in Professional Practice. New York: Routledge.
     
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  18.  11
    Genetic Research Practices with Marginalized Communities: A Case for Responsive Justice.Sara Goering, Suzanne Holland & Kelly Fryer-Edwards - 2012 - Hastings Center Report 38 (2):43-53.
    Genetics researchers often work with distinct communities. To take moral account of how their research affects these communities, they need a richer conception of justice and they need to make those communities equal participants in decision‐making about how the research is conducted and what is produced and published out of it.
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  19.  8
    Researchers’ reflections on ethics of care as decolonial research practice: understanding Indigenous knowledge communication systems to navigate moments of ethical tension in rural Malawi.Mtisunge Isabel Kamlongera & Mkotama W. Katenga-Kaunda - 2023 - Research Ethics 19 (3):312-324.
    This article is autoethnographic, based upon the authors’ experiences and reflections upon encountered moments of ethical tension whilst conducting research in rural Malawi. Given that knowledge production, as a process, has been marred by colonial forms of power, the project was underpinned by efforts to achieve a decolonial approach to the research, including the research ethics. The authors share of their endeavours to counterbalance the challenges of power asymmetries whilst researching and working with an Indigenous community whose (...)
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  20.  7
    Data curation-research: practices of data standardization and exploration in a precision medicine database.Niccolò Tempini - 2021 - New Genetics and Society 40 (1):73-94.
    Key to precision medicine is the development of expert database projects that gather data, integrate them in the pre-existing database, and publish the product of their processing for others to make use of. Increasingly, it is required that data infrastructure managers and curators pursue and lead research projects on the data so as to learn about new ways data could be used or information that could be potentially generated from them. I call these efforts “data curation-research” and use (...)
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  21.  11
    Translating a Theory of Active Learning: An Attempt to Close the ResearchPractice Gap in Education.Michelene T. H. Chi - 2021 - Topics in Cognitive Science 13 (3):441-463.
    Closing the researchpractice gap cannot be achieved by one of the most promising methods, which is to distill and synthesize decades of research to see how the robust findings can work in practice. An alternative approach is proposed, which is to translate a theory of active learning for practitioners.
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  22.  7
    Exploring the Gray Area: Similarities and Differences in Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) Across Main Areas of Research.Mads P. Sørensen & Tine Ravn - 2021 - Science and Engineering Ethics 27 (4):1-33.
    This paper explores the gray area of questionable research practices (QRPs) between responsible conduct of research and severe research misconduct in the form of fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (Steneck in SEE 12(1): 53–57, 2006). Up until now, we have had very little knowledge of disciplinary similarities and differences in QRPs. The paper is the first systematic account of variances and similarities. It reports on the findings of a comprehensive study comprising 22 focus groups on practices and perceptions (...)
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  23.  5
    Research Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices.David B. Resnik - 2023 - In Erick Valdés & Juan Alberto Lecaros (eds.), Handbook of Bioethical Decisions. Volume II: Scientific Integrity and Institutional Ethics. Springer Verlag. pp. 2147483647-2147483647.
    To promote ethical conduct in science, government funding agencies, academic institutions, and professional journals have defined some types of seriously unethical behaviors as research misconduct and have developed policies and procedures for reporting, investigating, and adjudicating allegations of misconduct. Behaviors that are not as egregious as misconduct but are still regarded as unethical are called questionable research practices. Although there is considerable variation in research misconduct definitions used by different organizations and nations, most of them classify data (...)
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  24.  14
    Nature and causes of questionable research practice and research misconduct from a philosophy of science perspective.Bor Luen Tang - 2024 - Ethics and Behavior 34 (4):294-302.
    Misconduct in science is often viewed and analyzed through the lenses of normative ethics and moral philosophy. However, notions and methods in the philosophy of science could also provide rather penetrative explanatory insights into the nature and causes of scientific misconduct. A brief illustration in this regard, using as examples the widely popular Popperian falsification and the Kuhnian scientific paradigm, is provided. In multiple areas of scientific research, failure to seek falsification in a Popperian manner constitutes a questionable (...) practice and could lead to “falsification” in the context of research misconduct. On the other hand, scientific misconduct is often facilitated by its perpetrators using the familiarity, expectations and confines of a Kuhnian paradigm to blend in fabricated data/results. A rudimentary application of these philosophical notions could be useful in our understanding of the nature and cause of research misconduct, and facilitate mitigation of the latter through educational means. (shrink)
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  25. Questionable Research Practices Compel Subjects to Join Studies.David Resnik - 2007 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 30 (29).
    What the Doctor Didn’t Say: The Hidden Truth About Medical Research, by Jerry Menikoff , is an insightful, clear, and engaging overview of some of the ethical and legal challenges of clinical research. The book contains thoughtful discussions of legal protections for research subjects, medical malpractice law, informed consent, pediatric research, emergency research, research on decisionally incapacitated adults, payment to research subjects, and other important topics. It also makes a number of stunning revelations (...)
     
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  26.  23
    Scientists’ Conceptions of Good Research Practice.Nora Hangel & Jutta Schickore - 2017 - Perspectives on Science 25 (6):766-791.
    In a recent editorial published in Nature, the journal's editors comment on a new automated software that has been used to check findings in psychology publications. The editors express concern with the way in which the anonymous fact-checkers have proceeded, but at the same time, they underscore the crucial role of peer criticism for scientific progress and insist: "self-correction is at the heart of science." Brief as it is, the editorial showcases that peer criticism and the application of norms of (...)
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  27.  83
    Information research, practice, and education continue to invite and benefit from philosophy.Jesse David Dinneen - 2017 - Education for Information 33 (1):1-2.
    It has become easy to make a case for the relevance, richness, and importance of philosophical thinking for information research and practice. [Introduction to a special issue].
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  28.  5
    Dialogues on agential realism: engaging in worldings through research practice.Malou Juelskjær - 2020 - New York, NY: Routledge. Edited by Helle Plauborg & Stine W. Adrian.
    This book consists of conversations with five founding scholars - Karen Barad, Astrid Schrader, Magdalena Gorska, Ericka Johnson and Elizabeth De Freitas - regarding their research practices inspired by agential realism. They are conversations focusing on how they think and analyze empirical material through agential realism in combination with other thinkers (e.g. Deleuze, Derrida, Butler, Haraway, Châtelet and Suchman). The conversations offer entry points to agential realism and the conduct of research practices and open up spaces for learning (...)
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  29.  11
    An Epistemic Argument for Research-Practice Integration in Medicine.Robyn Bluhm & Kirstin Borgerson - 2018 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 43 (4):469-484.
    Arguments in favor of greater research-practice integration in medicine have tended to be ethical, political, or pragmatic. There are good epistemic reasons to pursue greater integration, and it is important to think through these reasons in order to avoid inadvertently designing new systems in ways that replicate the epistemic elitism common within current systems. Meaningful transformation within health care is possible with close attention to all reasons in favor of greater research-practice integration, including epistemic reasons.
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  30.  5
    Personal Motivations and Systemic Incentives: Scientists on Questionable Research Practices.Samuel V. Bruton, Mary Medlin, Mitch Brown & Donald F. Sacco - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (3):1531-1547.
    As concern over the use of questionable research practices in academic science has increased over the last couple of decades, some reforms have been implemented and many others have been debated and recommended. While many of these proposals have merit, efforts to improve scientific practices are more likely to succeed when they are responsive to the prevailing views and concerns of scientists themselves. To date, there have been few efforts to solicit wide-ranging input from researchers on the topic of (...)
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  31.  3
    Research practices in need of examination and improvement.Harold Hillman - 2001 - Science and Engineering Ethics 7 (1):7-14.
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  32. Research, Practice, and Innovative Therapy: On the Theoretical Model of Robert J. Levine.Shimon Tashiro - 2010 - Asian Bioethics Review 2 (3):229-239.
     
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  33.  1
    “Sacred” Research Practices We May Want to Change.Edmund G. Howe - 1999 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 10 (2):79-87.
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  34.  1
    What Research Practices in China May Teach the U.S.Edmund G. Howe - 2004 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 15 (1):3-4.
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  35.  11
    Auto-Photography as Research Practice: Identity and Self-Esteem Research.Carey M. Noland - 2006 - Journal of Research Practice 2 (1):Article M1.
    This paper explores auto-photography as a form of research practice in the area of identity and self-esteem research. It allows researchers to capture and articulate the ways identity guides human action and thought. It involves the generation and examination of the static images that participants themselves believe best represent them. Auto-photography is an important tool for building bridges with marginalized groups in the research process, since it offers researchers a way to let participants speak for themselves. (...)
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  36.  4
    Rethinking Critically Reflective Research Practice: Beyond Popper's Critical Rationalism.Werner Ulrich - 2006 - Journal of Research Practice 2 (2):Article P1.
    We all know that ships are safest in the harbor; but alas, that is not what ships are built for. They are destined to leave the harbor and to confront the challenges that are waiting beyond the harbor mole. A similar challenge confronts the practice of research. Research at work cannot play it safe and stay in whatever theoretical and methodological harbors in which it may have found shelter in the past. Still less can it examine and (...)
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  37.  25
    Animal rights, animal research, and the need to reimagine science.Christopher Bobier, Noah Reinhardt & Kate Pawlowski - 2024 - The New Bioethics 30 (1):63-76.
    What would it look like for researchers to take non-human animal rights seriously? Recent discussions foster the impression that scientific practice needs to be reformed to make animal research ethical: just as there is ethically rigorous human research, so there can be ethically rigorous animal research. We argue that practically little existing animal research would be ethical and that ethical animal research is not scalable. Since animal research is integral to the existing scientific (...)
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  38.  10
    Emergence of scientific understanding in real-time ecological research practice.Luana Poliseli - 2020 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 42 (4):1-25.
    Scientific understanding as a subject of inquiry has become widely discussed in philosophy of science and is often addressed through case studies from history of science. Even though these historical reconstructions engage with details of scientific practice, they usually provide only limited information about the gradual formation of understanding in ongoing processes of model and theory construction. Based on a qualitative ethnographic study of an ecological research project, this article shifts attention from understanding in the context of historical (...)
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  39.  12
    How Do Scientists Define Openness? Exploring the Relationship Between Open Science Policies and Research Practice.John Dupré, David Castle, Dagmara Weckowska, Sabina Leonelli & Nadine Levin - 2016 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 36 (2):128-141.
    This article documents how biomedical researchers in the United Kingdom understand and enact the idea of “openness.” This is of particular interest to researchers and science policy worldwide in view of the recent adoption of pioneering policies on Open Science and Open Access by the U.K. government—policies whose impact on and implications for research practice are in need of urgent evaluation, so as to decide on their eventual implementation elsewhere. This study is based on 22 in-depth interviews with (...)
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  40.  10
    Digital video as research practice: Methodology for the millennium.Wesley Shrum, Ricardo Duque & Timothy Brown - 2005 - Journal of Research Practice 1 (1):Article M4.
    This essay has its origin in a project on the globalization of science that rediscovered the wisdom of past research practices through the technology of the future. The main argument of this essay is that a convergence of digital video technologies with practices of social surveillance portends a methodological shift towards a new variety of qualitative methodology. Digital video is changing the way that students of the social world practice their craft, offering not just new ways of presenting (...)
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  41.  4
    Ethical research practice and journal publication.Stephen J. Humphreys - 2016 - Ethics and Social Welfare 10 (1):71-74.
  42.  4
    Decolonising research practices with the ethics of care.Brannelly Tula - 2016 - Nursing Ethics 23 (1):4-6.
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  43.  5
    Reproducible and transparent research practices in published neurology research.Matt Vassar, Daniel Tritz, Jonathan Pollard, Austin L. Johnson, Trevor Torgerson & Shelby Rauh - 2020 - Research Integrity and Peer Review 5 (1).
    BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the nature and extent of reproducible and transparent research practices in neurology publications.MethodsThe NLM catalog was used to identify MEDLINE-indexed neurology journals. A PubMed search of these journals was conducted to retrieve publications over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2018. A random sample of publications was extracted. Two authors conducted data extraction in a blinded, duplicate fashion using a pilot-tested Google form. This form prompted data extractors to determine whether publications (...)
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  44.  14
    Advancing Transdisciplinary and Translational Research Practice: Issues and Models of Doctoral Education in Public Health.Linda Neuhauser, Dawn Richardson, Sonja Mackenzie & Meredith Minkler - 2007 - Journal of Research Practice 3 (2):Article M19.
    Finding solutions to complex health problems, such as obesity, violence, and climate change, will require radical changes in cross-disciplinary education, research, and practice. The fundamental determinants of health include many interrelated factors such as poverty, culture, education, environment, and government policies. However, traditional public health training has tended to focus more narrowly on diseases and risk factors, and has not adequately leveraged the rich contributions of sociology, anthropology, economics, geography, communication, political science, and other disciplines. Further, students are (...)
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  45.  5
    Transforming genetic research practices with marginalized communities: A case for responsive justice.Sara Goering, Suzanne Holland & Kelly Fryer-Edwards - 2008 - Hastings Center Report 38 (2):43-53.
    : Genetics researchers often work with distinct communities. To take moral account of how their research affects these communities, they need a richer conception of justice and they need to make those communities equal participants in decision-making about how the research is conducted and what is produced and published out of it.
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  46. The historical foundations of the research-practice distinction in bioethics.Tom L. Beauchamp & Yashar Saghai - 2012 - Heoretical Medicine and Bioethics 33 (1):45-56.
    The distinction between clinical research and clinical practice directs how we partition medicine and biomedical science. Reasons for a sharp distinction date historically to the work of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, especially to its analysis of the “boundaries” between research and practice in the Belmont Report (1978). Belmont presents a segregation model of the research-practice distinction, according to which research and practice (...)
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  47.  7
    The ombudsman for research practice.Ruth L. Fischbach & Diane C. Gilbert - 1995 - Science and Engineering Ethics 1 (4):389-402.
    We propose that institutions consider establishing a position of “Ombudsman for Research Practice”. This person would assume several roles: as asounding board to those needing confidential consultation about research issues — basic, applied or clinical; as afacilitator for those wishing to pursue a formal grievance process; and as aneducator to distribute guidelines and standards, to raise the consciousness regarding sloppy or irregular practices in order to prevent misconduct and to promote the responsible conduct of research. While (...)
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  48.  5
    Relationships Between the Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SORC) and Self-Reported Research Practices.A. Lauren Crain, Brian C. Martinson & Carol R. Thrush - 2013 - Science and Engineering Ethics 19 (3):835-850.
    The Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SORC) is a validated tool to facilitate promotion of research integrity and research best practices. This work uses the SORC to assess shared and individual perceptions of the research climate in universities and academic departments and relate these perceptions to desirable and undesirable research practices. An anonymous web- and mail-based survey was administered to randomly selected biomedical and social science faculty and postdoctoral fellows in the United States. Respondents reported (...)
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  49.  9
    Ethics in research practices of the 60's – 80's. Part I.Victor Malakhov, Sofia Dmytrenko, Evgenia Zaichenko & Olga Simoroz - 2021 - Sententiae 40 (3):162-179.
    Interview of Olga Simoroz, Sofia Dmitrenko, Evgenia Zaichenko with Viktor Malakhov on the development of ethics as a philosophical discipline in Ukraine of the 60's - 70's.
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  50.  4
    The Reversed Causalities of Doctoral Training on Research Integrity: A Case Study from a Medical Faculty in Denmark.Laura Louise Sarauw - 2021 - Journal of Academic Ethics 19 (1):71-93.
    Over the last decade, a plethora of international policies and guidelines on research integrity have been produced, and many countries have developed national codes of conduct. Recently, as a way of implementing these codes, institutions have begun offering mandatory training in research integrity for PhD fellows. This paper is based on a case study of a mandatory course in research integrity for PhD fellows at a faculty of medicine in Denmark. The study comprised a small survey, participatory (...)
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