When it comes to injustice, especially racial injustice, rage isn't just an acceptable response-it's crucial in order to fuel the fight for change. Anger has a bad reputation. Many people think that it is counterproductive, distracting, and destructive. It is a negative emotion, many believe, because it can lead so quickly to violence or an overwhelming fury. And coming from people of color, it takes on connotations that are even more sinister, stirring up stereotypes, making white people fear what an (...) angry other might be capable of doing, when angry, and leading them to turn to hatred or violence in turn, to squelch an anger that might upset the racial status quo. According to philosopher Myisha Cherry, anger does not deserve its bad reputation. It is powerful, but its power can be a force for good. And not only is it something we don't have to discourage, it's something we ought to cultivate actively. People fear anger because they paint it in broad strokes, but we can't dismiss all anger, especially not now. There is a form of anger that in fact is crucial in the anti-racist struggle today. This anti-racist anger, what Cherry calls Lordean rage, can use its mighty force to challenge racism: it aims for change, motivates productive action, builds resistance, and is informed by an inclusive and liberating perspective. People can, and should, harness Lordean rage and tap into its unique anti-racist potential. We should not suppress it or seek to replace it with friendly emotions. If we want to effect change, and take down racist structures and systems, we must manage it in the sense of cultivating it, and keeping it focused and strong. Cherry makes her argument for anti-racist anger by putting Aristotle in conversation with Audre Lorde, and James Baldwin in conversation with Joseph Butler. The Case for Rage not only uses the tools of philosophy to articulate its arguments, but it sharpens them with the help of social psychology and history. The book is philosophically rich and yet highly accessible beyond philosophical spheres, issuing an urgent call to all politically and socially engaged readers looking for new, deeply effective tools for changing the world. Its message will resonate with the enraged and those witnessing such anger, wondering whether it can help or harm. Above all, this book is a resource for the activist coming to grips with a seemingly everyday emotion that she may feel rising up within her and not know what to do with. It shows how to make sure anger doesn't go to waste, but instead leads to lasting, long-awaited change. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza el libro de Rafael Arévalo Martínez, ¡Ecce Pericles! (1945) enfatizando la unidad de sus dos partes: la biografía del dictador Manuel Estrada Cabrera y la narración del movimiento civil que lo derroca en 1920, agrupado en torno al Partido Unionista. El argumento principal es que la forma biográfica escogida por Arévalo está en consonancia con la interpretación del movimiento opositor como minoritario e impotente en relación al predominio de lo que el autor entiende como atavismo racial indígena (...) que condena a Guatemala a la permanente dictadura. En este sentido, el artículo enfatiza los componentes biopolíticos de tal postura. (shrink)

Sin duda, uno de los conceptos con abundantes trabajos en la teoría política es el de democracia. No existe prácticamente discurso, texto o conversación vinculada con la política que no lo mencione. Sin embargo, es pertinente establecer su significado en el mundo actual. Este requerimiento se origin..

The Moral Psychology of Anger is the first comprehensive study of the moral psychology of anger from a philosophical perspective. The collection provides an inclusive view of anger from a variety of philosophical perspectives.

In this chapter I give an account of how our judgments of anger often play out in certain political instances. While contemporary philosophers of emotion have provided us with check box guides like “fittingness” and “size” for evaluating anger, I will argue that these guides do not by themselves help us escape the tendency to mark or unmark the boxes selectively, inconsistently, and erroneously. If anger—particularly anger in a political context—can provide information and spark positive change or political destruction, then (...) we have moral reasons to evaluate it properly. But can we? And what are the limitations and errors we often face when evaluating anger? -/- I will begin by laying out the ways in which we evaluate emotions and the moral and epistemic errors we attribute to the angry agent in judgments of disapproval. Then I attempt to answer the question: How do we judge political anger improperly? An improper evaluation, in my view, does not take into account relevant information that is needed to evaluate the anger. An overly generous, uninformed, biased, or selfish process of evaluation produces an improper evaluation. We see this occur when we immediately evaluate anger. I will also identify two social discursive practices of improper evaluation as well as the moral and epistemic errors committed when anger evaluators participate in these practices. (shrink)

Studies on peace is the principal answer to resolving problems of social conflict. New forms of political democracy require the participation of citizens based on tolerance and non-violence. The historic present being experienced by humanity makes this demand. This is the reason why we must pr..

ABSTRACT The gospel of Matthew is one of the most beloved and studied gospels in Christianity, having a rich history of reception. The purpose of this paper is to article study its reading in Brazil from selected intertitles in two biblical versions. The research aims to identify how the gospel has been received by Brazilian editors and readers and how editorial intertitles can provide evidence of such reception. In order to achieve such objective, the history of reading and the history (...) of the book are used as references, based on theories by Roger Chartier (2001, 2002, 2022), Robert Darnton (2010), Lucien Febvre and Henri-Jean Martin (2017), Gerard Genette (1997) and D.F. McKenzie (2018). (shrink)

La base argumental de este artículo es que existe una preocupación geopolítica en el modernismo hispanoamericano, y que en algunas crónicas de Rubén Darío esta preocupación es abordada en su carácter global y capitalista, enfatizando el destino decadente de la cultura detradición greco-latina. Asimismo, esto muestra una línea de desarrollo dentro de la obra de Darío que se remonta a su visión de la modernidad chilena en Azul (“La canción del oro”). Se considera, además, la coyuntura crítica actual de los (...) estudios sobre Darío en los que se acentúa el carácter transatlántico e hispanista de su obra por sobre la inscripción latinoamericanista que dominó a partir de los años 1960, ante todo por medio de la obra de Ángel Rama. (shrink)

En las siguientes páginas propongo partir de un amplio marco temporal, llamado aquí la época de la fábula del mundo, para reflexionar en torno al episodio intelectual específico que va de la publicación de la poesía cosmológica de Guillaume Salluste du Bartas a la de Le Monde ou le traité de la lumière de René Descartes. En primer lugar, enfatizaré los puntos de vista que, desde la perspectiva de la poesía cosmológica, conciben a la filosofía natural como una especulación que (...) finge un relato o fábula del mundo. En segundo lugar, señalaré las posturas críticas de Michel de Montaigne y de Francis Bacon a la imaginación filosófica por el afán que tiene de construir estos relatos ficticios del cosmos. En tercer lugar, caracterizaré los principios de la fábula cartesiana del mundo, identificando sus dimensiones epistémicas, físicas y metafísicas. Finalmente, consideraré las tensiones de los principios de Descartes que conllevan a la valoración de su filosofía natural como una teoría eminentemente especulativa. (shrink)

When bringing philosophical attention to bear on social movement slogans in general, philosophers have often focused on their communicative nature—particularly the hermeneutical failures that arise in discourse. Some of the most popular of these failures are illustrated in ‘all lives matter’ retorts to ‘black lives matter’ pronouncements. Although highlighting and criticizing these failures provides much needed insight into social movement slogans as a communicative practice, I claim that in doing so, philosophers and slogans’ users risk placing too much importance on (...) outgroup understandings. This emphasis is misguided because gaining such uptake is not required of particular slogans to perform their functions; indeed it is an inherent risk of them. I show how such an emphasis can also be distracting to users. Since social movement slogans that express values are first and foremost for users, I argue for a shift in focus in what these slogans (such as ‘Black Is Beautiful’ and the more recent ‘Black Lives Matter’) do for users, as well as what they demand from users and enable them to express. When slogans have done these things, regardless of uptake, we can say they have performed one of their key functions. (shrink)

Ascensiones in corde. Agostino d'Ippona. Studio di Miranda Leonel.

Introducción: El dormir mal podría ser la causa de hipertensión arterial y de otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.Objetivo: Conocer la calidad de sueño de las personas con hipertensión arterial.Metodología: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, se aplico el cuestionario de Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh.Resultados: Se evaluó la calidad de sueño en 85 personas con hipertensión arterial, de abril a diciembre del 2021. El 84% tiene un índice de mala y muy mala calidad de sueño.Conclusión: Las personas con hipertensión (...) con mala y muy mala calidad de sueño puede afectar sus cifras de tensión arterial. (shrink)

Social-emotional learning is a tendency in education and must be accounted for in all areas of study. Heritage education cannot ignore this reality and must include and its planning and delivery effective strategies to implement and promote social-emotional competencies. The following work, proves patrimonial visits are an innovative approach towards coping with emotions in society. The activity proposed and studied in this investigation demonstrated the opportunities for integer learning during these experiences are real and cause a significant impact in students (...) and society. This study demonstrated the most relevant aspects to consider in patrimonial visits. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar cuenta del escepticismo radical de Pierre Gassendi propuesto en el Exercitationes paradoxicae Adversus Aristoteleos (Disertaciones paradójicas contra los aristotélicos). Para dar cuenta de ello nuestro artículo se divide en tres momentos: Primero, damos cuenta de la estructura de la obra; segundo, se presentan los argumentos centrales propuestos por Gassendi para comprender su actitud crítica al escolasticismo. Y tercero, se muestra la crítica que realiza a la lógica aristotélica. La idea fundamental que sostenemos en este (...) trabajo es que la actitud crítica y de libre pensador que caracterizó a Gassendi tuvo su origen directo en la actitud escéptica. Además, revisar su obra de juventud y su actitud filosófica nos permite comprender una parte importante del alcance del escepticismo en la reforma de la filosofía natural del siglo XVII. The aim of this paper is to comprehend the radical skepticism of Pierre Gassendi in his book Exercitationes paradoxicae Adversus Aristoteleos(1624)(Paradoxical dissertations against the aristotelianism). To achieve this goal we explain his skepticism in three points: First, we show the book's structure; Second, we present the main arguments to understand his attitude against the scholasticism; and Third, we show his direct critic towards the Aristotelian logic. The fundamental idea that we hold in this article is that the skeptical attitude is the origin of critical aspects as free thinker, what distinguished all the gasssendi's philosophical work. Furthermore, to review his Exercitationes and the philosophical attitude allows us to appreciate an important part of the scope of skepticism in the reform of the seventeenth century natural philosophy. (shrink)

Resumen: Spinoza afirma que las decisiones, elecciones y acciones de un agente son necesarias porque están determinadas causalmente. ¿Acaso los seres humanos no son agentes morales? ¿son sólo eslabones de una cadena de causas cuyo curso no pueden controlar y que los exime de las consecuencias de sus actos, así como de premios y castigos? ¿ser un individuo libre significa aceptar pasivamente lo que ocurre y abandonar la pretensión de modificarlo? Este artículo responde a estas preguntas mediante la distinción en (...) la obra spinoziana de dos conceptos de libertad, la verdadera libertad y el libre albedrío, así como con la distinción entre la responsabilidad civil fundada en el concepto de potestas humana -y no en la verdadera libertad, aunque la posibilita-.: Spinoza sustains that the agents' decisions are necessary because they are causally determined. But then, are humans really moral agents? Is it possible that they are only passengers in a train of causes, whose course they cannot control and exempts them from the consequences of their acts, of reward or punishment? Is accepting whatever happens and quitting the aspiration of changing things the hallmark of the free man? This paper answers these questions by distinguishing two concepts of freedom, real freedom and free will, as well as two concepts of responsibility. Civil responsibility is grounded in free will, whereas moral responsibility is not grounded in true freedom, but in human power. (shrink)

In this book, Kevin M. Cherry compares the views of Aristotle and Plato about the practice, study, and above all, the purpose of politics.

I examine how James Baldwin explored white ignorance—as conceived by Charles Mills—in his work. I argue that Baldwin helps us understand Mills’s account of white ignorance more deeply, showing that while only mentioned briefly by Mills, Baldwin provides fruitful insights into the phenomenon. I also consider the resources Baldwin provides to find a way out of white ignorance. My aim is to link these thinkers in ways that have been largely ignored.

This study seeks to advance the understanding of controversy resolution in science. I take as a case study conceptualization and treatment of ulcer disease. Analysis of causal accounts and effective treatments illustrate the ways in which competing parallel research programs in medicine embody opposing social, political, and economic forces which are bound to the epistemological dimensions of scientific controversy (e.g., standards of evidence, reference, and inference), and which in turn shift perception of the burden of proof. The analysis illustrates the (...) ways in which (1) medical diagnoses create as much as discover useful distinctions and (2) epistemic and non epistemic values divide scientists into competing research programs, as well as (3) the ways in which these structures often effectively prevent scientific controversy closure. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta o método documentário para extensão rural, identificando tipologias da ação extensionista. É um estudo de caso e dos pressupostos da ação dos extensionistas rurais e da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural. O método documentário possibilitou produzir informações com entrevistas narrativas referenciado por um roteiro. A análise de informações se desenvolveu a partir de cinco etapas: organização temática; interpretação formulada; interpretação refletida; análise comparativa; e construção de tipologias. O estudo aponta para três tipologias: extensionistas de (...) tipo especialista com atuação individual; generalista com atuação individual; e generalista com atuação grupal. O resultado revelou uma estrutura básica de atuação profissional e, ademais, responde à questão: Por que os extensionistas fazem o que fazem, isto é, porque são mais ou menos dedicados à política nacional? Palavras-chave: Extensão rural. Tipologias. Extensionista. Método documentário. (shrink)

O título do livro é também o do colóquio que aproveitou a comemoração do bicentenário da publicação de duas obras marcantes da Filosofia, para sobre elas desenvolver reflexão alargada, com vista, sobretudo, a equacionar as relações entre estética e política. Oferece-se, assim, um vasto leque de ensaios sobre temática tão pertinente.

En su escrito Acerca de la pregunta ¿qué significa ilustrar?, Mendelssohn afirma que el progreso de la ilustración encuentra sus límites cuando amenaza los fundamentos religiosos y morales de la sociedad. Estas suposiciones pueden ser leídas como parte de las críticas que desarrolla en Jerusalem, o acerca del poder religioso y judaísmo contra la filosofía de la historia de su amigo, Lessing. De ahí que este artículo intente mostrar cómo a partir de las diferencias entre las formas en que ambos (...) autores definen el concepto de ilustración y de perfeccionamiento del ser humano, es posible entender la defensa del pluralismo religioso de Mendelssohn ante el peligro de una unidad definitiva que Lessing fija como meta del progreso de la historia. (shrink)

Perhaps nature is simply a challenge to be addressed, overcome, and set aside.This volume is a critical exploration of natural law theory.

Política e saber são duas questões que se entrelaçam nesta obra que trata sobre as distintas manifestações do discurso do direito na sociedade contemporânea.

Diante do contexto complexo da globalização, a formatação dogmática jurídica da modernidade, que legitimava o Estado-nação como detentor do monopólio de produção regulatória, já mais corresponde à necessidade de estruturação das relações sociais. Tem-se na Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais Autopoiéticos uma forma de compreensão da atual realidade contingente e complexa, que pode servir de balizamento para as relações entre o direito e as redes sociais, especialmente no âmbito da propaganda eleitoral nas redes sociais, como o Facebook e o Twitter.