Results for 'Christopher D. Barrett'

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  1.  33
    Comments on “extended zonal dislocations mediating twinning in titanium”.Haitham El Kadiri & Christopher D. Barrett - 2013 - Philosophical Magazine 93 (26):3491-3494.
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  2. Should Trees Have Standing?: Law, Morality, and the Environment.Christopher D. Stone - 2010 - Oup Usa.
    Originally published in 1972, Should Trees Have Standing? was a rallying point for the then burgeoning environmental movement, launching a worldwide debate on the basic nature of legal rights that reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Now, in the 35th anniversary edition of this remarkably influential book, Christopher D. Stone updates his original thesis and explores the impact his ideas have had on the courts, the academy, and society as a whole. At the heart of the book is an eminently (...)
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  3.  78
    Lucid Dreaming: The Paradox of Consciousness During Sleep.Christopher D. Green & C. McGreery - 1994 - Routledge.
    Throughout, there are many case histories to illustrate the text.
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  4. Moral pluralism and the course of environmental ethics.Christopher D. Stone - 1988 - Environmental Ethics 10 (2):139-154.
    Environmental ethics has reached a certain level of maturity; further significant advances require reexamining its status within the larger realm of moral philosophy. It could aim to extend to nonhumans one of the familiar sets of principles subject to appropriate modifications; or it could seek to break away and put forward its own paradigm or paradigms. Selecting the proper course requires as the most immediate mission exploring the formal requirements of an ethical system. In general, are there constraints against bringing (...)
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  5. Consciousness, information processing and schizophrenia.Christopher D. Frith - 1979 - British Journal of Psychiatry 134:225-35.
  6.  17
    Conscientization from Within lo Cotidiano: Expanding the Work of Ada María Isasi-Díaz.Christopher D. Tirres - 2014 - Feminist Theology 22 (3):312-323.
    This essay explores the methodological contributions of leading ethicist, activist, and mujerista theologian Ada María Isasi-Díaz, for whom the category of lo cotidiano is central. Her work on lo cotidiano begs a basic epistemological question: How does one think critically from the standpoint of the everyday? What does conscientization look like from the perspective of lo cotidiano? In light of such questions, I explore what I find to be one of Isasi-Díaz’s most significant, yet underdeveloped, ideas — her articulation of (...)
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  7.  8
    All things reconciled: essays on restorative justice, religious violence, and the interpretation of scripture.Christopher D. Marshall - 2018 - Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books. Edited by Willard M. Swartley & Thomas M. I. Noakes-Duncan.
    The modern restorative justice movement, perhaps one of the most important social movements of our time, was born in a Christian home to Christian parents, specifically to Christian peace workers striving to put their faith into action in the public arena. The first major book on the subject was written primarily for a church audience and drew deeply on biblical themes and values. But as restorative justice has moved into the mainstream of criminological thought and policy, the significance of its (...)
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  8.  15
    Robust Textual Inference via Graph Matching.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    We present a system for deciding whether a given sentence can be inferred from text. Each sentence is represented as a directed graph (extracted from a dependency parser) in which the nodes represent words or phrases, and the links represent syntactic and semantic relationships. We develop a learned graph matching model to approximate entailment by the amount of the sentence’s semantic content which is contained in the text. We present results on the Recognizing Textual Entailment dataset (Dagan et al., 2005), (...)
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  9. Is AI the right method for cognitive science?Christopher D. Green - 2000 - Psycoloquy 11 (61).
  10.  54
    5. Francesc Marbres, A.K.A. Iohannes Canonicus.Christopher D. Schabel - 2014 - Bulletin de Philosophie Medievale 56:195-200.
    The Quaestiones super Physica Aristotelis traditionally attributed to Iohannes Canonicus survive in over 35 manuscripts and at least 8 printings from 1475 to 1520. Yet historians have disagreed about the century, the place of origin, the name and the institutional position of the author. This brief paper combines old and new evidence proving that the text was authored by an Augustinian Canon Regular of the Cathedral of Tortosa named Francesc Marbres, a Catalan from Barcelona, while he was Master of Arts (...)
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  11.  46
    An extended model of natural logic.Christopher D. Manning & Bill MacCartney - unknown
    We propose a model of natural language inference which identifies valid inferences by their lexical and syntactic features, without full semantic interpretation. We extend past work in natural logic, which has focused on semantic containment and monotonicity, by incorporating both semantic exclusion and implicativity. Our model decomposes an inference problem into a sequence of atomic edits linking premise to hypothesis; predicts a lexical semantic relation for each edit; propagates these relations upward through a semantic composition tree according to properties of (...)
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  12.  44
    The Stanford typed dependencies representation.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    This paper examines the Stanford typed dependencies representation, which was designed to provide a straightforward description of grammatical relations for any user who could benefit from automatic text understanding. For such purposes, we argue that dependency schemes must follow a simple design and provide semantically contentful information, as well as offer an automatic procedure to extract the relations. We consider the underlying design principles of the Stanford scheme from this perspective, and compare it to the GR and PARC representations. Finally, (...)
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  13. A brief history of the scientific approach to the study of consciousness.Christopher D. Frith & Geraint Rees - 2007 - In Max Velmans & Susan Schneider (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
  14.  60
    Disambiguating “DE” for Chinese-English Machine Translation.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    Linking constructions involving dሇ (DE) are ubiquitous in Chinese, and can be translated into English in many different ways. This is a major source of machine translation error, even when syntaxsensitive translation models are used. This paper explores how getting more information about the syntactic, semantic, and discourse context of uses of dሇ (DE) can facilitate producing an appropriate English translation strategy. We describe a finergrained classification of dሇ (DE) constructions in Chinese NPs, construct a corpus of annotated examples, and (...)
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  15. Beyond Retribution: A New Testament Vision for Justice, Crime, and Punishment.Christopher D. Marshall - 2001
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  16.  30
    Listening to Nature’s Voices: Human and Animal Autonomy in Hegel.Christopher D. DiBona - 2022 - Environmental Philosophy 19 (1):23-44.
    This article reconstructs Hegel’s account of nature’s autonomy and argues for its significance for his understanding of human autonomy and the relation between nature and spirit. It argues that Hegel treats the actualization of nature’s autonomy—epitomized by the phenomena of animal voice and birdsong—as a vital component of the actualization of free human spirit. Drawing on this analysis, the article then offers an ecological gloss on Hegel’s interest in the progressive actualization of freedom in the modern world. It concludes by (...)
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  17.  41
    Learning to distinguish valid textual entailments.Christopher D. Manning & Daniel Cer - unknown
    This paper proposes a new architecture for textual inference in which finding a good alignment is separated from evaluating entailment. Current approaches to semantic inference in question answering and textual entailment have approximated the entailment problem as that of computing the best alignment of the hypothesis to the text, using a locally decomposable matching score. While this formulation is adequate for representing local (word-level) phenomena such as synonymy, it is incapable of representing global interactions, such as that between verb negation (...)
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  18.  16
    Romance Complex Predicates: In defence of the right-branching structure.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    Abeill´e and Godard (1994) seek to show that the rightward branching analysis of French tense auxiliaries shown in (1b), that I argued for in Manning (1992) and which is widely adopted in general, is wrong, and that rather we should adopt a flat analysis for this construction as shown in (1c), and they show how such an analysis can be realized within HPSG (Pollard and Sag 1994).
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  19.  34
    An Institutional Approach to Alterity: Thinking Love in Levinas and Hegel.Christopher D. DiBona - 2022 - Journal of Religious Ethics 50 (3):462-487.
    Emmanuel Levinas's early work inaugurated a tradition of thinking about alterity as at odds with generalized forms of knowledge that characterize political institutions. However, in his later work Levinas broaches but leaves underdeveloped the provocative idea that institutional modes of reasoning can provide a welcome home for alterity if they follow the wisdom of love. Against this backdrop, I argue that reading G. W. F. Hegel's early writings on neighbor love alongside his mature philosophy of the state offers us important (...)
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  20.  49
    Enforcing Transitivity in Coreference Resolution.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    A desirable quality of a coreference resolution system is the ability to handle transitivity constraints, such that even if it places high likelihood on a particular mention being coreferent with each of two other mentions, it will also consider the likelihood of those two mentions being coreferent when making a final assignment. This is exactly the kind of constraint that integer linear programming (ILP) is ideal for, but, surprisingly, previous work applying ILP to coreference resolution has not encoded this type (...)
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  21. Are mental events preceded by their physical causes?Christopher D. Green & Grant R. Gillett - 1995 - Philosophical Psychology 8 (4):333-340.
    Libet's experiments, supported by a strict one-to-one identity thesis between brain events and mental events, have prompted the conclusion that physical events precede the mental events to which they correspond. We examine this claim and conclude that it is suspect for several reasons. First, there is a dual assumption that an intention is the kind of thing that causes an action and that can be accurately introspected. Second, there is a real problem with the method of timing the mental events (...)
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  22.  13
    Feature Selection for a Rich HPSG Grammar Using Decision Trees.Christopher D. Manning & Kristina Toutanova - unknown
    This paper examines feature selection for log linear models over rich constraint-based grammar (HPSG) representations by building decision trees over features in corresponding probabilistic context free grammars (PCFGs). We show that single decision trees do not make optimal use of the available information; constructed ensembles of decision trees based on different feature subspaces show signifi- cant performance gains (14% parse selection error reduction). We compare the performance of the learned PCFG grammars and log linear models over the same features.
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  23.  22
    Learning Random Walk Models for Inducing Word Dependency Distributions.Christopher D. Manning & Kristina Toutanova - unknown
    Many NLP tasks rely on accurately estimating word dependency probabilities P(w1|w2), where the words w1 and w2 have a particular relationship (such as verb-object). Because of the sparseness of counts of such dependencies, smoothing and the ability to use multiple sources of knowledge are important challenges. For example, if the probability P(N |V ) of noun N being the subject of verb V is high, and V takes similar objects to V , and V is synonymous to V , then (...)
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  24.  19
    Health care ethics committees.Christopher D. Melley - 2001 - In H. Ten Have & Bert Gordijn (eds.), Bioethics in a European perspective. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 239--259.
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  25. A Comment on 'Criminal Responsibility in Government'.Christopher D. Stone - 1985 - In J. Roland Pennock & John William Chapman (eds.), Criminal justice. New York: New York University Press. pp. 27.
  26.  29
    Must Penal Law Be Insulated from Public Influence?Christopher D. Berk - 2020 - Law and Philosophy 40 (1):67-87.
    Punishment and democracy appear to exacerbate each other’s worst features. The institutions and moral intuitions used to punish those that break the law can hollow out civic participation, distort the electorate, and undermine core democratic values. Likewise, many have argued the decentralized character of democracy is a key, albeit indirect, cause of increasingly punitive public policies that are divorced from any reasonable penological purpose. Given the effects of electoral politics, many have called for the separation, or general insulation, of state (...)
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  27.  18
    The Problem of Acedia in Eastern Orthodox Morality.Christopher D. Jones - 2020 - Studies in Christian Ethics 33 (3):336-351.
    Eastern Orthodox accounts of acedia are often neglected in Catholic and Protestant circles, yet offer a range of insights for contemporary virtue ethics and moral psychology. Acedia is a complex concept with shades of apathy, hate, and desire that poses grave problems for the moral life and human wellbeing. This is because acedia disorders reasoning, desiring, willing, and acting, and causes various harms to relationships. Evagrius Ponticus and John Cassian discuss acedia in the context of a virtue ethic ordered to (...)
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  28.  29
    Offending, Restoration, and the Law-Abiding Community.Christopher D. Marshall - 2007 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 27 (2):3-30.
    DURING THE PAST THIRTY YEARS, A GROWING CONVERSATION ABOUT THE "restorative" dimensions of justice in contrast to its "retributive" dimensions in addressing crime, wrongdoing, and cultural conflict has emerged around the world. In New Zealand, an initiative known as Family Group Conferencing has virtually replaced the conventional juvenile justice that preceded it. This initiative has inspired many people around the world to adapt that restorative approach in many different settings.
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  29.  10
    Tantra illuminated: the philosophy, history, and practice of a timeless tradition.Christopher D. Wallis - 2013 - Petaluma, CA: Mattamayūra Press.
    This book takes readers on a fascinating journey to the very heart of Tantra: its key teachings, foundational lineages, and transformative practices. Since the West's discovery of Tantra 100 years ago, there has been considerable fascination, speculation, and more than a little misinformation about this spiritual movement. Now, for the first time in the English language, Tantra Illuminated presents an accessible introduction to this sacred tradition that began 1,500 years ago, in the far north of India. The book uses translations (...)
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  30. The problem of introspection.Christopher D. Frith & Hakwan C. Lau - 2006 - Consciousness and Cognition 15 (4):761-764.
  31.  78
    Measuring gender.Christopher D. Horvath - 1999 - Biology and Philosophy 14 (4):505-519.
    Over the past several years, various operational definitions of gender have been used in studies of gender conformity in homosexual males. The goal of these studies is to demonstrate that childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) is either the proximate cause of adult homosexuality or an intermediate step in a biologically mediated process. The hypothesis of a causal connection between the development of gender and sexual orientation is embedded within the context of a biological (evolutionary) understanding of human behavior. Thus, testing the (...)
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  32. Explaining the symptoms of schizophrenia: Abnormalities in the awareness of action.Christopher D. Frith, S. J. Blakemore & D. Wolpert - 2000 - Brain Research Reviews 31 (2):357-363.
  33.  75
    Uncertainty in perception and the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter.Christoph D. Mathys, Ekaterina I. Lomakina, Jean Daunizeau, Sandra Iglesias, Kay H. Brodersen, Karl J. Friston & Klaas E. Stephan - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  34. Can neuroscience explain consciousness?Jakob Hohwy & Christopher D. Frith - 2004 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 11 (7-8):180-198.
    Cognitive neuroscience aspires to explain how the brain produces conscious states. Many people think this aspiration is threatened by the subjective nature of introspective reports, as well as by certain philosophical arguments. We propose that good neuroscientific explanations of conscious states can consolidate an interpretation of introspective reports, in spite of their subjective nature. This is because the relative quality of explanations can be evaluated on independent, methodological grounds. To illustrate, we review studies that suggest that aspects of the feeling (...)
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  35.  44
    Spiritual Activism and Praxis: Gloria Anzaldúa’s Mature Spirituality.Christopher D. Tirres - 2019 - The Pluralist 14 (1):119-140.
    gloria evangelina anzaldúa has been hailed as one of most important cultural theorists of the past fifty years. Her work, especially her groundbreaking Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, continues to animate many contemporary discourses, especially those concerned with cultural and linguistic hybridity, intersectionality, and women of color feminism. Yet one may ask: What is Anzaldúa's distinctive contribution to contemporary discourses of spirituality and religion? In a 1993 interview, Anzaldúa herself lays bare the relative inattention that critics have given to her (...)
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  36.  45
    Ergativity: Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    I wish to present a codi cation of syntactic approaches to dealing with ergative languages and argue for the correctness of one particular approach, which I will call the Inverse Grammatical Relations hypothesis.1 I presume familiarity with the term `ergativity', but, brie y, many languages have ergative case marking, such as Burushaski in (1), in contrast to the accusative case marking of Latin in (2). More generally, if we follow Dixon (1979) and use A to mark the agent-like argument of (...)
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  37.  11
    The 'Mystical Mundane' In Fr. Nikon Of Karoulia's Letters To Gerald Palmer.Christopher D. L. Johnson - 2016 - In Anton Baumstark (ed.), Syrisch-Arabische Biographieen des Aristotles. Syrische Commentare Zur _eisagoge_ des Porphyrios. Gorgias Press. pp. 485-498.
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  38. 13 Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects.Christopher D. Stone - 1988/1972 - Environmental Ethics: The Big Questions.
  39.  43
    Sociocultural tensions and wicked problems in sustainable agriculture education.Christopher D. Murakami, Mary K. Hendrickson & Marcelle A. Siegel - 2017 - Agriculture and Human Values 34 (3):591-606.
    Future practitioners of sustainable agriculture and agroecology must have the capacity to address the wicked problems in the food system to make progress toward sustainability. Undergraduate sustainable agriculture students from a variety of backgrounds may struggle with the question, is the challenging and complex work of addressing wicked problems of agroecology for me? Our case study investigated sociocultural tensions associated with identity encountered when wicked problems teaching units were integrated into the Advanced Practices of Sustainable Agriculture course at a large, (...)
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  40.  71
    Part-of-Speech Tagging from 97% to 100%: Is It Time for Some Linguistics?Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    I examine what would be necessary to move part-of-speech tagging performance from its current level of about 97.3% token accuracy (56% sentence accuracy) to close to 100% accuracy. I suggest that it must still be possible to greatly increase tagging performance and examine some useful improvements that have recently been made to the Stanford Part-of-Speech Tagger. However, an error analysis of some of the remaining errors suggests that there is limited further mileage to be had either from better machine learning (...)
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  41.  29
    Stanford University.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    Technology for local textual inference is central to producing a next generation of intelligent yet robust human language processing systems. One can think of it as Information Retrieval++. It is needed for a search on male fertility may be affected by use of cell phones to match a document saying Startling new research into mobile phones suggests they can reduce a man’s sperm count up to 30%, despite the fact that the only word overlap is phones. But textual inference is (...)
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  42.  93
    Efficient, Feature-based, Conditional Random Field Parsing.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    Discriminative feature-based methods are widely used in natural language processing, but sentence parsing is still dominated by generative methods. While prior feature-based dynamic programming parsers have restricted training and evaluation to artificially short sentences, we present the first general, featurerich discriminative parser, based on a conditional random field model, which has been successfully scaled to the full WSJ parsing data. Our efficiency is primarily due to the use of stochastic optimization techniques, as well as parallelization and chart prefiltering. On WSJ15, (...)
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  43.  17
    ‘Nobody could possibly misunderstand what a group is’: a study in early twentieth-century group axiomatics.Christopher D. Hollings - 2017 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 71 (5):409-481.
    In the early years of the twentieth century, the so-called ‘postulate analysis’—the study of systems of axioms for mathematical objects for their own sake—was regarded by some as a vital part of the efforts to understand those objects. I consider the place of postulate analysis within early twentieth-century mathematics by focusing on the example of a group: I outline the axiomatic studies to which groups were subjected at this time and consider the changing attitudes towards such investigations.
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  44.  44
    A Response To Philip Turner.Christopher D. Wiltsher - 1991 - Studies in Christian Ethics 4 (2):14-15.
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  45.  31
    Cognitive control in action: Tracking the dynamics of rule switching in 5- to 8-year-olds and adults.Christopher D. Erb, Jeff Moher, Joo-Hyun Song & David M. Sobel - 2017 - Cognition 164 (C):163-173.
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  46.  49
    Natural Logic for Textual Inference.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    This paper presents the first use of a computational model of natural logic—a system of logical inference which operates over natural language—for textual inference. Most current approaches to the PAS- CAL RTE textual inference task achieve robustness by sacrificing semantic precision; while broadly effective, they are easily confounded by ubiquitous inferences involving monotonicity. At the other extreme, systems which rely on first-order logic and theorem proving are precise, but excessively brittle. This work aims at a middle way. Our system finds (...)
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  47. Epistemicism and the Problem of Arbitrariness for Vagueness.Christopher D. Kyle - 2012 - Dialogue: Journal of Phi Sigma Tau 55 (1).
    This paper distinguishes between epistemic and metaphysical problems of arbitrariness for vagueness. It argues that epistemicism can resolve the epistemic problem of arbitrariness but not the metaphysical one.
     
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  48.  47
    Legal Rights and Moral Pluralism.Christopher D. Stone - 1987 - Environmental Ethics 9 (3):281-284.
  49.  50
    Modeling Semantic Containment and Exclusion in Natural Language Inference.Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    We propose an approach to natural language inference based on a model of natural logic, which identifies valid inferences by their lexical and syntactic features, without full semantic interpretation. We greatly extend past work in natural logic, which has focused solely on semantic containment and monotonicity, to incorporate both semantic exclusion and implicativity. Our system decomposes an inference problem into a sequence of atomic edits linking premise to hypothesis; predicts a lexical entailment relation for each edit using a statistical classifier; (...)
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  50.  10
    Evolution education in the American South: culture, politics, and resources in and around Alabama.Christopher D. Lynn, Amanda L. Glaze, William A. Evans & Laura K. Reed (eds.) - 2017 - New York, NY: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    This volume reaches beyond the controversy surrounding the teaching and learning of evolution in the United States, specifically in regard to the culture, politics, and beliefs found in the Southeast. The editors argue that despite a deep history of conflict in the region surrounding evolution, there is a wealth of evolution research taking place—from biodiversity in species to cultural evolution and human development. In fact, scientists, educators, and researchers from around the United States have found their niche in the South, (...)
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