Utilities of health states are often estimated to support public decisions in health care. People’s preferences may be imprecise, for lack of actual trade-off experience. We show how to elicit the utilities accounting for imprecision, discover the main drivers of imprecision, and compare several approaches to modelling health state utility data in the fuzzy setting. We extended the time trade-off questionnaire, to elicit utilities of states defined in the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system in184 respondents. Our study demonstrates that respondents are capable (...) of assessing their own imprecision and rigorous mathematical modelling is possible. The imprecision is larger than as inferred from the standard TTO method and is larger than estimation error, even in our smallish sample. Non-trading in TTO often results from imprecision, rather than lexicographic preferences for longevity over quality. People are especially imprecise in assessing the impact of usual activities on utility; also, the internal inconsistency of a health state increases the imprecision. Fuzzy least squares method seems best suited to assign disutilities to individual dimensions, while separately modelling the location of utility and amount of imprecision seems best to produce value sets. If crisp parameters are estimated, accounting for imprecision changes the results little. (shrink)

In this paper, we propose a new predator-prey nonlinear dynamic evolutionary model of real estate enterprises considering the large, medium, and small real estate enterprises for three different prey teams. A 5D predator-prey nonlinear dynamic evolutionary system in the real estate market is established, where the large, medium, and small real estate enterprises correspond to three differential equations, provincial and local officials, and the central government correspond to the other two differential equations. Nonlinear dynamic analysis on a 5D predator-prey evolutionary (...) system in the real estate market, containing the analysis of equilibrium points and stabilities, is made. The corresponding discrete system is simulated, and the simulation results about Lyapunov spectrum, bifurcation diagram, sequence diagram, and phase diagram are given. Compared with the work of Yang et al. in which all real estate enterprises corresponded to one differential equation, in our proposed model, the large, medium, and small real estate enterprises correspond to three differential equations which is more accordant with the specific circumstance of real estate companies. (shrink)

In this paper, we studied the category of EQ-algebras and showed that it is complete, but it is not cocomplete, in general. We proved that multiplicatively relative EQ-algebras have coequlizers and we calculated coproduct and pushout in a special case. Also, we constructed a free EQ-algebra on a singleton.

In this paper, we studied the category of EQ-algebras and showed that it is complete, but it is not cocomplete, in general. We proved that multiplicatively relative EQ-algebras have coequlizers and we calculated coproduct and pushout in a special case. Also, we constructed a free EQ-algebra on a singleton.

In this paper, we apply the notion of \(n\)-fold filters to the \(EQ\)-algebras and introduce the concepts of \(n\)-fold pseudo implicative, \(n\)-fold implicative, \(n\)-fold obstinate, \(n\)-fold fantastic prefilters and filters on an \(EQ\)-algebra \(\mathcal{E}\). Then we investigate some properties and relations among them. We prove that the quotient algebra \(\mathcal{E}/F\) modulo an 1-fold pseudo implicative filter of an \(EQ\)-algebra \(\mathcal{E}\) is a good \(EQ\)-algebra and the quotient algebra \(\mathcal{E}/F\) modulo an 1-fold fantastic filter of a good \(EQ\)-algebra \(\mathcal{E}\) is an (...) \(IEQ\)-algebra. (shrink)

This paper proposes a new 5D chaotic system with the flux-controlled memristor. The dynamics analysis of the new system can also demonstrate the hyperchaotic characteristics. The design and analysis of adaptive synchronization for the new memristor-based chaotic system and its slave system are carried out. Furthermore, the modularized circuit designs method is used in the new chaotic system circuit implementation. The Multisim simulation and the physical experiments are conducted, compared, and matched with each other which can demonstrate the existence of (...) the attractor for the new system. (shrink)

The ideal reference to Canon's EOS 5D Mark III for professionals and serious hobbyists The Canon EOS 5D Mark III offers professional photographers and advanced amateurs a wide range of top-flight dSLR capabilities. Canon users love For Dummies guides, with more than 100,000 copies of previous Canon camera guides sold. Like its predecessors, this one is packed with colorful examples that illustrate camera features and inspire you to capture your own super images. It explains the camera controls and menus, shows (...) you how to take full advantage of all the features, discusses output options and image editing, and much more. Geared to the needs of professional dSLR photographers and serious hobbyists, this guide covers all the features of the Canon EOS 5D Mark III Explores the camera body, menu screen, auto settings, and image settings Shows how to use the video modes, priority settings, manual settings, and focus modes to capture the best images Provides suggestions and inspiration with more than 300 full-color photos Covers image editing and output options Features tips, techniques, and projects to help you get the most from your camera's capabilities Canon EOS 5D Mark III For Dummies is the perfect partner for your new dSLR. (shrink)

Easy-to-understand techniques for getting the most from your Canon EOS 5D Mark II DSLR At nearly $3,000 for the body only, the Canon 5D Mark II DSLR is for amateurs and semi-professionals who are serious about taking great photos-and this go-anywhere guide shares insight for doing just that. Authors Charlotte Lowrie and Brian McLernon walk you step by step through each function on the Canon EOS 5D Mark II, going into more depth and scope than the standard manual that accompanies (...) the camera.Portable and easy to understand, the book shows you how to get the exact show you want, when you want them, and is packed with more than 200 beautiful color photos. Includes step-by-step techniques and professional tips on taking exceptional photos with your Canon EOS 5D Mark II Reviews how to better understand the various functions and potential of your Canon EOS 5D Mark II Features samples of inspirational photos taken by the author With so much helpful advice for getting the most out of your Canon EOS 5D Mark II, you'll be referencing this guide again and again. (shrink)

Guides you step-by-step through the functions on your new Canon EOS 5D Mark III dSLR camera The Canon EOS 5D Mark III full-frame dSLR camera features an impressive 22.3 megapixels, a 3.2-inch LCD screen, 6 fps continuous shooting, Live View, an ISO range of 50 to 102,400 and full HD 1080 resolution movie shooting. Here to help you get the most out of these remarkable features and offering you more in-depth coverage than the standard manual, this full-color Canon 5D Mark (...) III Digital Field Guide provides you with guidance on how and when to use each button, dial, and menu option. Delivering information in an easy-to-understand format, this portable guide features more than 200 inspirational photos by acclaimed photographer and veteran author Charlotte Lowrie. The handy trim size allows this guide to go where you go, providing you with easy access to information quickly so you can get the exact shot you want when you want it. Helps you make the most of your Canon EOS 5D Mark III and get the shots you want Offers full detailed coverage of when and how to use each and every button, dial, and menu option on this sophisticated new dSLR Provides step-by-step explanations on techniques and tips, all aimed at getting you comfortable and confident with your new Canon 5D Mark III Sized to fit in a camera bag, the book includes a bonus gray and color checker card to help you capture perfect white balance and color every time. Ideal reading for both amateur and professional photographers alike, you'll reference Canon 5D Mark III Digital Field Guide again and again. (shrink)

We apply a method analogous to the eikonal approximation to the Maxwell wave equations in an inhomogeneous anisotropic medium and geodesic motion in a three dimensional Riemannian manifold, using a method which identifies the symplectic structure of the corresponding mechanics, to the five dimensional generalization of Maxwell theory required by the gauge invariance of Stueckelberg's covariant classical and quantum dynamics. In this way, we demonstrate, in the eikonal approximation, the existence of geodesic motion for the flow of mass in a (...) four dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold. These results provide a foundation for the geometrical optics of the five dimensional radiation theory and establish a model in which there is mass flow along geodesics. We then discuss the interesting case of relativistic quantum theory in an anisotropic medium as well. In this case the eikonal approximation to the relativistic quantum mechanical current coincides with the geodesic flow governed by the pseudo-Riemannian metric obtained from the eikonal approximation to solutions of the Stueckelberg–Schrödinger equation. The locally symplectic structure which emerges is that of a generally covariant form of Stueckelberg's mechanics on this manifold. (shrink)

In this paper, a novel no-equilibrium 5D memristive hyperchaotic system is proposed, which is achieved by introducing an ideal flux-controlled memristor model and two constant terms into an improved 4D self-excited hyperchaotic system. The system parameters-dependent and memristor initial conditions-dependent dynamical characteristics of the proposed memristive hyperchaotic system are investigated in terms of phase portrait, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, bifurcation diagram, Poincaré map, and time series. Then, the hidden dynamic attractors such as periodic, quasiperiodic, chaotic, and hyperchaotic attractors are found under (...) the variation of its system parameters. Meanwhile, the most striking phenomena of hidden extreme multistability, transient hyperchaotic behavior, and offset boosting control are revealed for appropriate sets of the memristor and other initial conditions. Finally, a hardware electronic circuit is designed, and the experimental results are well consistent with the numerical simulations, which demonstrate the feasibility of this novel 5D memristive hyperchaotic system. (shrink)

If we live on the weak brane with zero effective cosmological constant in a warped 5D bulk spacetime, gravitational waves and brane fluctuations can be generated by a part of the 5D Weyl tensor and carries information of the gravitational field outside the brane. We consider on a cylindrical symmetric warped FLRW background a U self-gravitating scalar field coupled to a gauge field without bulk matter. It turns out that brane fluctuations can be formed dynamically, due to the modified energy–momentum (...) tensor components of the scalar-gauge field. As a result, we find that the late-time behavior could significantly deviate from the standard evolution of the universe. The effect is triggered by the time-dependent warpfactor with two branches of the form \}\) constants) and the modified brane equations comparable with a dark energy effect. This is a brane-world mechanism, not present in standard 4D FLRW, where the large disturbances are rapidly damped as the expansion proceed. Because gravity can propagate in the bulk, the cosmic string can build up a huge angle deficit by the warpfactor and can induce massive KK-modes felt on the brane. Disturbances in the spatial components of the stress-energy tensor cause cylindrical symmetric waves, amplified due to the presence of the bulk space and warpfactor. They could survive the natural damping due to the expansion of the universe. It turns out that one of the metric components becomes singular at the moment the warp factor develops an extremum. This behavior could have influence on the possibility of a transition from acceleration to deceleration or vice versa. (shrink)

A process of idea filtration in two distinct streams of physics i.e., 1) The dimensionality perspective of spacetime, and 2) The quantum perspective leads us to an understanding of what might be a true reality of all that we perceive. The conclusions arrived at in this paper are a bit perplexing in the sense that our perceived reality could be a manifestation of a combination of 4D + n (n > 0) flat space-time, universal wave function, and cognizance. The work (...) is based on a review and analysis of the main concepts in quantum theory, relativistic physics, and cosmology. Key ideas and conclusions are filtered and logically connected to arrive at what might be a view of the true reality. A significant part of the paper is dedicated to the concept of the “observer” and the “ability of cognizance” that should accompany the “observer”. Though the “observer” is central to modern physics, it is not known what constitutes observation, and the term observer, often open to interpretations, does not have a standard definition and hence, is lacking in clarity. In our analysis, we have argued that the environment, in which the observer-observed system is embedded, emerges as an all-knowing, cognizant, and ideal observer that has the knowledge of the observer-observed system. At a philosophical level, we link to the fundamentals of physics, “consciousness” or “ability of cognizance” as an unavoidable and key element in not only carrying out the observation but perhaps, as believed by many, having a role in shaping the reality perceived. In the review and analysis of another stream of physics, that of General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and cosmology, we examine the question of reality from a cosmological and dimensionality perspective. Research on the 4D and 5D constructs of the universe indicates that the “reality” perceived in 4D spacetime as matter, distance, time, etc., is a manifestation of a higher dimensional 4D + n (n > 0) reality. Theoretical research on this front points towards a 4D-spacetime embedded in a 5D or higher dimensional flat space with matter and energy being a manifestation of the higher dimensions. The flow of logic in this paper leans towards a view of an ultimate true reality that is flat 4D + n (n > 0) space combined with cognizance, universal wave function, and the environment. (shrink)

Emotional intelligence was linked to sport participation. We report two studies in which we tested the link between exercise volume, defined as weekly hours of exercise, and EQ. Volunteers completed the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale. In Study I, significant correlations between exercise volume and use- and regulation-of-emotions prompted us to use a posteriori grouping into high- and low exercise-volume groups. The former exhibited better use-of-emotions than the latter. In Study II, using a priori grouping, we replicated the finding (...) from Study I, and the groups also differed in “self-emotions appraisal” and total EQ. Since the items measuring the use-of-emotions involve motivational aspects of the EQ, we posit that this dimension is “naturally” linked to exercise volume. Our findings also suggest that self-emotions appraisal and the overall EQ are linked to greater volumes of exercise. These results should provide an incentive for longitudinal studies in this area. (shrink)

Peter Spirtes, Richard Scheines and Clark Glymour. Simulated Studies of the Reliability of Computer-Aided Model Specification Using the TETRAD, EQS and LISREL Programs.

The article describes an extension of the original idea of the fifth dimension model to pre-school age. We found out that small schildren are not able to use in their activity the tasks formulated by the adults. Learning tasks inbedded in different narratives were used in 5D environments. Experimental research lead to a hypothesis on the status of narrative learning as ”transitory activity system” between play and school learning. The hypothesis is presented and a transitory model sketched. Examples on children’s (...) sense making and narrative learning in problem situations are are offered at the end of the article. (shrink)

有品社會是培養出來的！ 自《黃崑巖談教養》一書出版後，黃崑巖就成了「教養的代言人」 在《黃崑巖談有品社會》，他再度從家庭教育、大學教育、醫學教育，乃至中、美、英社會及日常生活來談有教養的社會，不僅借鏡國外良好的典範，也從文化、教育制度上的不同分析國內外教養的差異，希望我國的教養水準能 更為提升 回憶錄自傳出版不久以後，聯經出版公司的發行人林載爵先生，主編林芳瑜女士聯袂來我家裡，坐在一起從南談到北，也從天談到地，當然也談到我的《談教養》，就自然觸及該書銷售的實情。林先生及林女士異口同聲地說我為 何不寫《談教養二》一書？這事就此打斷，以後沒有再提。 等他們都走了，在空蕩蕩的家中一個人想起他們的建議，這本書的概念油然浮現。說實話，龍應台女土曾經打了一通電話，告訴我我的名字和教養兩個字連在一起了。龍女士打電話來以前，胡忠信先生也在台灣的電視說，黃某某 是位醫生又是教養的教父，現在胡志強的案件爆發了，他為什麼不講話？但當時我人在美國加州，答不上話。這兩個人都配得上稱為名嘴，兩個人都提起我的名字，可見教養兩個字已經掀起了一陣風潮。 其實，有不少高中以及大一的通識課程，舉行了《談教養》讀後感的論文比賽，高雄大學工學院的黃院長還以率團來見我當作入圍的獎品哩！ 嘉義縣政府也大量訂購，為的是要送縣府同仁共讀討論。這些都促成我寫這本書，期間還蒙吳豐山先生的鼓勵，他二○○四年二月十四日曾擔任兩位總統候選人陳水扁及連戰先生的電視辯論會歷史性的協調人。 本書仍以談教養為主，但從各種角度去檢視這個社會因為不重視教養而成了什麼樣子。我自從一九八二年回台之後，一直在觀察我們的社會，思辨其變化的原因。這本書選了約二十個現象是有關我們大眾教養不足的結果，加以申 論。目的無外乎在喚起國人的注意，並加以改善。 書裡提到「知識分子」四個字，我主張我們早日迎合世界潮流而改稱「智識分子」。智識分子有異於知識分子，是前者在處裡問題時，除了要有以前強調的 IQ 之外，現代的智識分子更應具有情緒管理的要領。情緒管理就是英文的 EQ ，是做人的教育，是真正教育的精髓，也是近代教育成敗的關鍵。 但是誰的情緒需要管理？答案是誰的情緒都得管理，包括自己的以及周遭有來往的人。中國近代社會與西歐列強接觸的結果，自敗於西洋的船堅砲利，而提出了學以致用的口號，迄至近年。國內的教育長期在這種醬缸裡浸淫的結 果，產生了畸型的教育法，國人叫做「一試定江山」，求學過程伴隨著學校老師及家長的體罰與關照，很少是不痛苦的。 美國教育部也清楚這種教育法的問題，所以有一次美國教育部的官員在訪查我們醫學系的運作時，曾經公開問過：「貴國依一試定江山的考試制度而招進醫護人員，怎能確保他或她會是個好醫生？」 前台灣駐南非末代大使陸以正曾經說過，一個社會若只強調學以致用，久了，會變得膚淺並技術化，我們社會所面對的教育問題，正是價值觀與技術化的問題。所幸國內具有慧眼的教育家已看到這問題的後果而呼籲改正，品格教 育的重要性也得到了應有的重視。 是的，追根究柢，人要有品格、要有教養，社會才會有文化以及品格內涵，住在人人盡責、利他而富於正義感的社會，就能享受幸福。.

This paper discusses three relevant logics that obey Component Homogeneity - a principle that Goddard and Routley introduce in their project of a logic of significance. The paper establishes two main results. First, it establishes a general characterization result for two families of logic that obey Component Homogeneity - that is, we provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for their consequence relations. From this, we derive characterization results for S*fde, dS*fde, crossS*fde. Second, the paper establishes complete sequent calculi (...) for S*fde, dS*fde, crossS*fde. Among the other accomplishments of the paper, we generalize the semantics from Bochvar, Hallden, Deutsch and Daniels, we provide a general recipe to define containment logics, we explore the single-premise/single-conclusion fragment of S*fde, dS*fde, crossS*fdeand the connections between crossS*fde and the logic Eq of equality by Epstein. Also, we present S*fde as a relevant logic of meaninglessness that follows the main philosophical tenets of Goddard and Routley, and we briefly examine three further systems that are closely related to our main logics. Finally, we discuss Routley's criticism to containment logic in light of our results, and overview some open issues. (shrink)

Although emotional intelligence (EQ) training seems to fall right into line with virtue ethics and the reigning cognitive theories of emotion, there is a reason many philosophers are skeptical of such training. Emotional intelligence manuals tend to underplay considerations which philosophers see as essential preludes to theories of emotional cultivation: considering our responsibility for emotions, connecting this responsibility with moral evaluation, and explaining moral-justification of particular emotions in particular contexts. This essay fills in the gap between EQ-theorists and philosophers by (...) outlining the conditions which must be satisfied for an emotion to be morally justified, and hence a proper object of EQ-training. A necessary step in filling in this gap is to show how moral evaluation of the emotions indeed requires responsibility, in spite of recent attacks on this assumption. If successful, this defended position provides a prolegomena to the ideal of emotional intelligence. (shrink)

The main results in the paper are the following. Theorem A. Suppose that T is superstable and M ⊂ N are distinct models of T eq . Then there is a c ϵ N⧹M such that t is regular. For M ⊂ N two models we say that M ⊂ na N if for all a ϵ M and θ such that θ ≠ θ , there is a b ∈ θ ⧹ acl . Theorem B Suppose that T is (...) superstable , M ⊂ na N are models of T eq , and p is a regular type non-orthogonal to t . Then there is a c ϵ N such that t is regular and non-orthogonal to p. Furthermore, there is a formula θ ∈ t such that a ∈ θ and t ⊥ ̷ p ⇒ t is regular. We used these results to obtain ‘good’ tree decompositions of models in superstable theories with NDOP. See Definition 5.1 for the undefined terms. Theorem C Suppose that T is superstable with NDOP and M ⊨ T eq . Then every ⊂ na - decomposition inside M extends to a ⊂ na -decomposition of M. Furthermore, if 〈N η , a η : η ∈ I〉 is any ⊂ na -decomposition of M, then M is minimal over ∪N η and for all η ∈ I. M is dominated by ∪N η over N η . Using some stable group theory we show that when Th is superstable with NDOP and 〈 N η : η ∈ I 〉 is a tree decomposition of M, then M is constructible over ∪ n η with respect to a very strong isolation relation. (shrink)

There is no necessary connection between the ideas of history and of narration. The historical work should be explanatory, but a narrative is not itself a form of explanation. Walsh, despite Danto's objections, is correct in distinguishing "plain" from "significant" narratives. Both White's causal-chain model and Danto's model of causal input suggest that an historical narrative can be eq~planatory only if it offers causal explanation. But Gallie's followable contingency model contains several structural ideas which bring him into logical conflict with (...) the claims of these causal models. According to Gallie, explanations are intrusive, required only by failure of narrative continuity. A narrative becomes explanatory when it can incorporate contingencies, which may be necessary conditions instead of causes. History, unlike science, strives for synthetic unity rather than for the removal of all contingency from its subject matter. The role narrative plays in achieving this unity deserves increased philosophic attention. (shrink)

– Foundation: Probabilistic Confirmation (c) from a Logical POV ∗ cph, eq as a “relevant” quantitative generalization of pe  hq ∗ cph, eq, so understood, is not Prpe  hq or Prph | eq, etc. ∗ cph, eq is something akin (ordinally) to the likelihood ratio..

This research aims to monitor the current situation of confinement in Spanish society motivated by COVID-19 crisis. For this, a study of its socio-family, psychological and educational impact is conducted. The sample (N= 165 families, 89.1% nuclear families with children living in the same household and 20.5% with a relative in a risk group) comes from the Aragonese region (Spain). The instruments used are: Beck-II Depression Inventory (BDI-II); Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright’s Empathy Quotient (EQ) with its cognitive empathy subscale, as well (...) as an ad-hoc questionnaire, reviewed by a panel of experts, to learn about socio-personal, family and housing conditions, use of technology, involvement in school tasks and household, and working condition. The multiple regression analysis results show that the anxiety derived from the current situation is explained in 23.1% (p< 0.001) by the variables: gender (t = -2.31,p= 0.022), level of Internet consumption (t = 2.139,p= 0.034), increase of family conflicts (t = 2.980,p= 0.003) and help with school tasks (t = 2.980,p= 0.040). On the other hand, cognitive empathy is explained in 24.6% (p< 0.001) by the variables: gender (t = -4.690,p< 0.001) and mother’s hours of teleworking (t = 2.101,p= 0.037). All this leads us to conclusions related to preventive systems of social, psychological, and educational aspects to better serve families. These conclusions can be also be transferred to the future with an inclusive care to family settings from those three parameters. (shrink)

Empathy is sharing and understanding others’ emotions. Recently, researchers identified a culture–sex interaction effect in empathy. This phenomenon has been largely ignored by previous researchers. In this study, the culture–sex interaction effect was explored with a cohort of 129 participants (61 Australian Caucasians and 68 Chinese Hans) using both self-report questionnaires (i.e., Empathy Quotient and Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and computer-based empathy tasks. In line with the previous findings, the culture–sex interaction effect was observed for both trait empathy (i.e., the generalized (...) characteristics of empathy, as examined by the self-report questionnaires) and state empathy (i.e., the on-spot reaction of empathy for a specific stimulus, as evaluated by the computer-based tasks). Moreover, in terms of state empathy, the culture–sex interaction effect further interacted with stimulus traits (i.e., stimulus ethnicity, stimulus sex, or stimulus emotion) and resulted in three- and four-way interactions. Follow-up analyses of these higher-order interactions suggested that the phenomena of ethnic group bias and sex group favor in empathy varied among the four culture–sex participant groups (i.e., Australian female, Australian male, Chinese female, and Chinese male). The current findings highlighted the dynamic nature of empathy (i.e., its sensitivity toward both participant traits and stimulus features). Furthermore, the newly identified interaction effects in empathy deserve more investigation and need to be verified with other Western and Asian populations. (shrink)

Empathy is an important human ability associated with successful social interaction. It is currently unclear how to optimally measure individual differences in empathic processing. Although the Big Five model of personality is an effective model to explain individual differences in human experience and behavior, its relation to measures of empathy is currently not well understood. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality concept and two commonly used measures for empathy (Empathy Quotient (EQ), (...) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)) in four samples from China, Germany, Spain and the United States of America. This approach was designed to advance the way the Big Five personality model can be used to measure empathy. We found evidence of medium effect sizes for associations between personality and empathy, with agreeableness and conscientiousness as the most important predictors of affective and cognitive empathy (measured by the respective IRI subscales) as well as a for a one-dimensional empathy score (measured by the EQ). Empathy in a fictional context was most closely related to openness to experience while personal distress was first of all related to neuroticism. In terms of culture, we did not observe any distinct pattern concerning cultural differences. These results support the cross-cultural applicability of the Empathy Quotient and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and indicate structurally similar associations between personality and empathy across cultures. (shrink)

Abstractionism in the philosophy of mathematics aims at deriving large fragments of mathematics by combining abstraction principles (i.e. the abstract objects $\S e_1, \S e_2$, are identical if, and only if, an equivalence relation $Eq_\S$ holds between the entities $e_1, e_2$) with logic. Still, as highlighted in work on the semantics for relevant logics, there are different ways theories might be combined. In exactly what ways must logic and abstraction be combined in order to get interesting mathematics? In this paper, (...) we investigate the matter by deriving the axioms of second-order Peano Arithmetic from Frege's Basic Law V (the extension of $F$ is identical with the extension of $G$ if, and only if, $F$ and $G$ are extensionally equivalent) in the presence of a relevant higher-order logic. The results are interesting. Not only must we take on logic as true, and not only must we apply our logic to abstraction principles, but also we have to apply our theory of abstraction back to the logic in order to arrive at arithmetic. Thus, what Abstractionism gives us is not simply what we get from abstraction via logic, but also what we get from logic via abstraction. (shrink)

Economic methodologists most often study the relations between models and reality while focusing on the issues of the model's epistemic relevance in terms of its relation to the ‘real world’ and representing the real world in a model. We complement the discussion by bringing the model's constructive mechanisms or self-implementing technologies in play. By this, we mean the elements of the economic model that are aimed at ‘implementing’ it by envisaging the ways to change the reality in order to bring (...) it more in line with the model. We are thus concerned mainly not with the ways to change the model to ‘fit’ the reality, but rather with the model's own armature that is supposed to transform the world along theoretical lines. The case we study is Arrow–Debreu–McKenzie general equilibrium model. In particular, we show the following: gradient methods and stability could be regarded as constructive mechanisms of general equilibrium modeling in the context of market socialism debates; the obsession of general eq.. (shrink)

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Mike Dunn. His untimely death is a loss not only to logic, computer science, and philosophy, but to all of us who knew and loved him. The paper gives an argument for closure under γ in standard systems of relevance logic (first proved by Meyer and Dunn 1969). For definiteness, I chose the example of R. The proof also applies to E and to the quantified systems RQ and EQ. The argument uses (...) semantic tableaux (with one exceptional rule not satisfying the subformula property). It avoids the previous arguments’ use of cutting down inconsistent sets of formulas to consistent sets. Like all tableau arguments, it extends partial valuations to total valuations. (shrink)

We prove that if T is a complete theory with weak elimination of imaginaries, then there is an explicit bijection between strict independence relations for T and strict independence relations for Teq\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${T^{\rm eq}}$$\end{document}. We use this observation to show that if T is the theory of the Fraïssé limit of finite metric spaces with integer distances, then Teq\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${T^{\rm eq}}$$\end{document} has more than one (...) strict independence relation. This answers a question of Adler :1–20, 2009, Question 1.7). (shrink)

contents: -/- 1. the Romantic fragment 2. life would want to die, a little 3. pain itself is the meaning, in Nietzsche 4. martyrs do not underrate the body 5. inwardly, an Actor prepares 5b. brother, bro: it's only you that overhears you 5c. J is like Hamlet / Herzog / Holden Caulfield / Raskolnikov 5d. they take him to a basement and they feed him METH 6. a surface is revealed / the depths are all inferred 6b. my Self (...) is all depth: a long internal vertical 6c. Joyce knows not the inside of ideas 6d. perception of depth is maladaptive 7. by knowing Death, humans are the Woken Ones 8. all as straw, or graphomania 8b. i tend to write thru / tho unless i'm imitating English 9. Finnegans Wake as Literature's endgame 10. Hard Realism: Hemingway, Knausgård 11. the cause of pain, in Buddhism 11b. duḥkha is uh-hukha: the gut's double throb. (shrink)

Assume that the class of partial automorphisms of the monster model of a complete theory has the amalgamation property. The beautiful automorphisms are the automorphisms of models ofT which: 1. are strong, i.e. leave the algebraic closure (inT eq) of the empty set pointwise fixed, 2. are obtained by the Fraïsse construction using the amalgamation property that we have just mentioned. We show that all the beautiful automorphisms have the same theory (in the language ofT plus one unary function symbol (...) for the automorphism), and we study this theory. In particular, we examine the question of the saturation of the beautiful automorphisms. We also prove that in some cases (in particular if the theory is ω-stable andG-trivial), almost all (in the sense of Baire categoricity) automorphisms of the saturated countable model are beautiful and conjugate. (shrink)

I examine the relationship between \\)-dimensional Poincaré metrics and d-dimensional conformal manifolds, from both mathematical and physical perspectives. The results have a bearing on several conceptual issues relating to asymptotic symmetries in general relativity and in gauge–gravity duality, as follows: I draw from the remarkable work by Fefferman and Graham on conformal geometry, in order to prove two propositions and a theorem that characterise which classes of diffeomorphisms qualify as gravity-invisible. I define natural notions of gravity-invisibility that apply to the (...) diffeomorphisms of Poincaré metrics in any dimension. I apply the notions of invisibility, developed in, to gauge–gravity dualities: which, roughly, relate Poincaré metrics in \ dimensions to QFTs in d dimensions. I contrast QFT-visible versus QFT-invisible diffeomorphisms: those gravity diffeomorphisms that can, respectively cannot, be seen from the QFT. The QFT-invisible diffeomorphisms are the ones which are relevant to the hole argument in Einstein spaces. The results on dualities are surprising, because the class of QFT-visible diffeomorphisms is larger than expected, and the class of QFT-invisible ones is smaller than expected, or usually believed, i.e. larger than the PBH diffeomorphisms in Imbimbo et al. :1129, 2000, Eq. 2.6). I also give a general derivation of the asymptotic conformal Killing equation, which has not appeared in the literature before. (shrink)

Here P is the density operator of the system under consideration, and σ ± and σ 3 are the usual Pauli matrices, acting on atom i whose states are |1 > or |0 >, representing, respectively, the atom being in an excited state or in the ground state. B and C are appropriate decay constants and s has been called the pumping parameter [1]. It varies from s = 0 for pure damping to s = 1 for full laser action. (...) To solve the corresponding quantum master equations, three approaches have been taken: First, one focuses on the case of one atom. Second, one truncates eq. (1) and derives semi-classical models. Third, one employs numerical simulation methods such as the quantum trajectory method. While the latter method is very popular, it should be noted that the numerical complexity of the problem increases exponentially with the number of atoms, and so numerical methods soon become unfeasible. (shrink)

The extent to which individuals with a variety of cultural backgrounds differ in empathic responsiveness is unknown. This article describes the differences in trait empathy in one independent and one interdependent society (i.e., the US and Iran, respectively). The analysis of data collected from self-reported questionnaires answered by 326 adults indicated a significant difference in the cognitive component of empathy concerning participants’ affiliation to either egocentric or socio-centric society: Iranian participants with interdependent cultural norms, reported higher cognitive empathy compared to (...) American participants who share independent cultural norms. In line with previous studies, gender differences were observed in all subscales of questionnaires, except the Empathy Quotient (EQ). Female participants demonstrated more empathy than males in both samples. Implications for understanding the cross-cultural differences of various components of empathy are discussed. (shrink)