Associée à tort à la pensée libertine, l'œuvre de Lahontan présente les traces indéniables de l'influence huguenote. C'est par l'étude de la controverse religieuse, genre aujourd'hui tombé en désuétude, que l'on arrive à y saisir aussi l'émergence d'un déisme fortuit. Les deux premiers Dialogues, inspirés par le Leviathan de Thomas Hobbes, montrent que Lahontan fait triompher le droit naturel des lois, corps civil artificiel. Ce sont les mêmes Dialogues réécrits par Nicolas Gueudeville qui viennent faire du chef huron Adario un (...) personnage revendicateur, symbole du Rebelle nourrissant la littérature des Lumières, de Voltaire aux Encyclopédistes. Although the work of Lahontan, whose 300th anniversary is celebrated, has wrongly been associated with libertine thought, it actually displays traces of Huguenot influence. By studying the religious controversy - a genre nowadays fallen into disuse - one understands the emergence of a fortuitous deism. The first two Dialogues, that were inspired by Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, show that Lahontan makes triumph natural law over the laws of the artificial Civil Code. In Nicolas Gueudeville's rewritten version of the same Dialogues the Huron chief Adario puts forward his claims. He is the symbol of the rebel who nourishes the Enlightenment literature, from Voltaire to the Encyclopedists. (shrink)

How do technically-skilled women negotiate the male-dominated environments of technology firms? This article draws upon interviews with female programmers, technical writers, and engineers of diverse racial backgrounds and sexual orientations employed in the San Francisco tech industry. Using intersectional analysis, this study finds that racially dominant women, who identified as LGBTQ and presented as gender-fluid, reported a greater sense of belonging in their workplace. They are perceived as more competent by male colleagues and avoided microaggressions that were routine among conventionally (...) feminine, heterosexual women. We argue that a spectrum of belonging operates in these occupational spaces dominated by men. Although white and Asian women successfully navigated workplace hostilities by distancing themselves from conventional heterosexual femininity, this strategy reinforces inequality regimes that privilege male workers. These findings provide significant theoretical insights about how race, sexuality, and gender interact to reproduce structural inequalities in the new economy. (shrink)

For centuries, philosophy has been considered as an intellectual activity requiring complex cognitive skills and predispositions related to complex (or critical) thinking. The Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach aims at the development of critical thinking in pupils through philosophical dialogue. Some contest the introduction of P4C in the classroom, suggesting that the discussions it fosters are not philosophical in essence. In this text, we argue that P4C is philosophy.

Si l’histoire des sages-femmes est relativement bien connue pour les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, grâce aux ouvrages de Mireille Laget et Jacques Gélis, en revanche, pour le XIXe siècle, elle reste en grande partie à écrire. La situation parisienne a fait l’objet du livre de Scarlett Beauvalet-Boutouyrie sur la Maternité de Port-Royal et aussi de la thèse de IIIe cycle sur les sages-femmes parisiennes de Danielle Tucat, malheureusement non publiée. Pour la France profonde, on dispose d’un article...

There might be value in examining the phenomenon of free will, without attempting to solve the debate surrounding its existence. Studies have suggested that diminishing belief in free will increases cheating behavior and that basic physiological states such as appetite diminish free will. These findings, if robust, could have important philosophical and ethical implications. Accordingly, we aimed to critically review methodologies and results in the body of literature that speaks to the two following questions: whether certain factors can change belief (...) in free will or not and whether changes in belief in free will impact different attitudinal or behavioral factors or not. Searching the PubMed and PsycInfo databases with different keyword strategies supplemented with reference section searches, we found 52 relevant papers for review. For each distinct study, we extracted information regarding: sample characteristics and related analyses, procedures and methodology, factors investigated, results, and effect sizes. Overall, we found that the samples were heavily constituted of women, of students and younger participants, with little information about representation of ethnic minorities. Procedures and methodology relied strongly on the use of experimental manipulations and a wide array of scales, including scales created by researchers. Several studies suggest the static and consequential properties of belief in free will. However, these conclusions are restrained by numerous limitations of the supporting body of evidence and the absence of replication studies. (shrink)

Hybrid metaethical theories attempt to incorporate essential elements of expressivism and cognitivism, and thereby to accrue the benefits of both. Hybrid theories are often defended in part by appeals to slurs and other pejoratives, which have both expressive and cognitivist features. This paper takes far more seriously the analogy between pejoratives and moral predicates. It explains how pejoratives work, identifies the features that allow pejoratives to do that work, and models a theory of moral predicates on those features. The result (...) is an expressivist theory that, among other advantages, is immune to embedding difficulties and avoids an overlooked difficulty concerning attitude ascriptions that is lethal to most other hybrid theories. (shrink)

Cette édition numérique a été réalisée à partir d'un support physique, parfois ancien, conservé au sein du dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, conformément à la loi n° 2012-287 du 1er mars 2012 relative à l'exploitation des Livres indisponibles du XXe siècle. Pages de début Avant-propos Chapitre premier - Art, esthétique et sciences humaines Chapitre II - Formes, couleurs et sons Chapitre III - L'œuvre d'art picturale Chapitre IV - Le domaine musical Chapitre V - Les espaces (...) architecturaux Chapitre VI - Aspects esthétiques et iconiques du corps Chapitre VII - L'image cinématographiquePages de fin. (shrink)

"This book is not an academic study of what the church has taught, or what scholars have said, but rather a challenging study of what the Bible itself says about God. In The Living God, author R.T. France encourages us to come to grips with the broad sweep of biblical data, showing us that the God of the Bible is neither passive nor far removed from our everyday lives, but rather a dynamic and living reality to be engaged."--Back cover.

Hybrid metaethical theories attempt to incorporate essential elements of expressivism and cognitivism, and thereby to accrue the benefits of both. Hybrid theories are often defended in part by appeals to slurs and other pejoratives, which have both expressive and cognitivist features. This paper takes far more seriously the analogy between pejoratives and moral predicates. It explains how pejoratives work, identifies the features that allow pejoratives to do that work, and models a theory of moral predicates on those features. The result (...) is an expressivist theory that, among other advantages, is immune to embedding difficulties and avoids an overlooked difficulty concerning attitude ascriptions that is lethal to most other hybrid theories. (shrink)

Our work is aimed at studying the optimization of a complex motor behaviour from a global perspective. First, free climbing as a sport will be briefly introduced while emphasizing in particular its psychomotor aspect called route finding. The basic question raised here is how does the optimization of a sensorimotoricity-environment system take place. The material under study is the free climber's trajectory, viewed as the signature of climbing behaviour (i.e., the spatial dimension). The concepts of learning, optimization, constraint, and degrees (...) of freedom of a system will be discussed using the synergistic approach to the study of movement (Bernstein, 1967; Kelso, 1977). Measures of a trajectory's length and convex hull can be used to define an index whose equation resembles that of an entropy. This index is a measure of the trajectory's overall complexity. Some important concepts related to the thermodynamics of curves will also be discussed. The optimization process will be studied by examining the changes in entropy over time for a set of trajectories generated during the learning of a route (ten successive repetitions of the same climb). It will be shown that the entropy of the trajectories decreases as learning progresses, that each level of expertise has its own characteristic entropy curve, and that for the subjects tested, the mean entropy of skilled climbers is lower than that of average climbers. Basing our analysis on the concepts of degrees of freedom and constraint equations, an attempt is made to relate trajectory entropy to system entropy. Based on the postulate that trajectory entropy is equal to the difference in entropy between the unconstrained and constrained system, a model of motor optimization is proposed. This model is illustrated by an entropy graph reflecting a dynamic release process. In the light of our results, two opposing views will be examined: movement construction vs. movement emergence. (shrink)

Hybrid metaethical theories attempt to incorporate essential elements of expressivism and cognitivism, and thereby to accrue the benefits of both. Hybrid theories are often defended in part by appeals to slurs and other pejoratives, which have both expressive and cognitivist features. This paper takes far more seriously the analogy between pejoratives and moral predicates. It explains how pejoratives work, identifies the features that allow pejoratives to do that work, and models a theory of moral predicates on those features. The result (...) is an expressivist theory that, among other advantages, is immune to embedding difficulties and avoids an overlooked difficulty concerning attitude ascriptions that is lethal to most other hybrid theories. (shrink)

BackgroundIn the context of translational research, researchers have increasingly been using biological samples and data in fundamental research phases. To explore informed consent practices, we conducted a retrospective study on informed consent documents that were used for CARPEM’s translational research programs. This review focused on detailing their form, their informational content, and the adequacy of these documents with the international ethical principles and participants’ rights.MethodsInformed consent forms (ICFs) were collected from CARPEM investigators. A content analysis focused on information related to (...) biological samples and data treatment (context of sampling and collect, aims, reuse, consent renewal), including the type of consent. An automatic assessment of the readability of the ICFs were performed with the IT program “Flesch Score”.Results29 ICFs from 25 of 49 studies were analyzed after selection criteria were applied. Three types of consent were identified: 11 broad consents, six specific consents, and two opt-out consents. The Flesch Scores showed that most of the documents were too complex to be fully understood by most of the potential research participants. Most of the biological samples were collected during the healthcare routine, but the information content about secondary use of biological samples varied between ICFs. All documents mentioned personal data treatment but information about their reuse was not standardized in the ICFs.ConclusionsOur review of current IC procedures of CARPEM showed that practices could be improved considering new translational research methods. “Old fashion written ICFs” should be adapted to the translational research approach, to better respect individual rights and international research ethics principles. In this context, theoretically, a digital tool allowing dynamic information and consent of participants, through an electronic interactive platform may be a good way to promote more active participation in research. Nevertheless, its feasibility in the complex environment of biological samples and data research remains to prove. The way of a combination of a broad consent followed by dynamic information may be alternatively tested. (shrink)

This article examines Swedish migrant women to the United States. It asks how racially privileged European migrants adapt to US racial and gender hierarchies that require them to relinquish their economic security and gender autonomy in a neoliberal state? Drawing upon interviews and focus group discussions with 33 Swedish women and three of their spouses, and participant observation between 2006 and 2008 in a network for Swedish speaking women living in the US, the article discusses how a group of ‘white’ (...) migrant women who arrive in the US with an ideology of gender egalitarianism negotiate a more socially conservative and economically vulnerable lifestyle, as the wives of upper-middle-class men. The article argues that while Swedish women benefit from their racial and social privileges in the US they lose their sense of economic security, acquiring new anxieties that make them reluctant to renounce their Swedish citizenship which they conceive of as a ‘flexible’ resource. (shrink)

Terstenjak, A. Franz Webers philosophisches Gedankengut im Umriss.--Wolf, K. Franz Veber und Graz.--Ilc, M. Näheres zur Verdinglichung und Veranschaulichung in Webers Wirtlichkeitsfrage.--Pirjevec, D. Franz Webers ästhetisches Denken.--Urbančič, I. Philosophische Grundanschauungen bei Franz Weber.--Trofenik, R. Franz Weber.--Weber, F. Meine Beziehungen zu Meinong.--Weber, F. Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Persönlichkeit.--Weber, F. Die Frage der Wirklichkeit.

Le texte montre que Jan Patočka a développé une pensée du tragique dans deux directions principales : une philosophie du tragique qui met en avant, à travers la lecture d’Antigone, le rôle de la Nuit et de la finitude dans l’existence, par opposition au surrationalisme de Créon et à l’absolutisation de la loi du jour, dont notre surcivilisation technique est l’héritière. La pensée originale du sacrifice, chez Patočka, et sa propre mort s’inscrivent de plain-pied dans le cadre de cette philosophie (...) du tragique. Mais le philosophe a développé aussi, notamment à travers son entente d’Œdipe, une phénoménologie du tragique, comme expérience de la finitude et de la problématicité de l’ouverture humaine par rapport à l’ouverture primordiale du monde. Sous deux angles différents mais complémentaires, ces deux approches originales du tragique sophocléen touchent au cœur de la pensée du philosophe, dont la vie n’a pas échappé au tragique de l’histoire de son temps. (shrink)

Au départ de cet ouvrage, une phrase de Martin Heidegger prononcée en 1958 à Aix-en-Provence : "J'ai trouvé ici le chemin de Paul Cézanne auquel, de son début jusqu'à sa fin, mon propre chemin de pensée correspond d'une certaine manière". Comprendre cette correspondance entre la pensée de Heidegger et la peinture de Cézanne suppose de comprendre quelle mutation la révolution phénoménologique du XX? siècle a fait subir à la pensée pour qu'un philosophe reconnaisse comme interlocuteur privilégié l'oeuvre d'un peintre et (...) non d'un autre philosophe. L'exposition du dialogue entre Heidegger et Cézanne est aussi une manière d'interroger l'originalité de la correspondance entre la révolution phénoménologique et l'art moderne. (shrink)

Ce texte offre une lecture de L’origine de l’œuvre d’art de Heidegger afin d’en dégager les articulations principales qui permettent de penser une approche phénoménologique de l’art. Il apparaît que cette approche se fonde avant tout dans une expérience incarnée des œuvres, et qu’elle implique une remise en question des concepts traditionnels sur lesquels s’établissent à la fois l’Esthétique et l’Histoire de l’art. Ainsi mise à l’épreuve des œuvres, la pensée phénoménologique de l’art ouvre la voie à une autre « (...) histoire de l’art », dans laquelle est en jeu l’événement de l’être au monde. (shrink)

An introduction to Rousseau's Confessions.