El presente artículo analiza el cuento “La casa de Asterión”, de Jorge Luis Borges, con el objetivo de evidenciar cómo el personaje, prisionero en su casa, se siente cautivo dentro de sí mismo y desea la muerte como posibilidad de liberación. Para ello se utiliza la categoría narratológica del espacio. A partir de esto, se llega a la conclusión de que el cuento puede ser considerado como una ficción dentro de la ficción ya que Borges recrea el mito del Minotauro, (...) no desde una perspectiva exterior, sino desde la concepción que Asterión tiene de sí mismo, otorgándole así una nueva posibilidad de sentido. (shrink)

Introducción: Los cambios biológicos, sicológicos, económicos y sociales que se observan durante el envejecimiento conllevan a pensar que en los ancianos existe una serie de factores que favorecen la aparición de una depresión. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención sicológica para disminuir la depresión en adultos mayores de la Casa de abuelos "Dr. Diego Tamayo Figueredo", de Puerto Padre, en el período de noviembre de 2013 - mayo de 2014. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención (...) sicológica en una muestra de 12 adultos mayores de la casa de abuelos. Se aplicó un programa de intervención sicológica, así como la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica para realizar la valoración antes y después de la intervención. Se empleó el modelo Cognitivo- Conductual de Beck. Los datos fueron tratados según la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el porciento más elevado de pacientes correspondió al grupo de ancianos con edades entre los 60 y 90 años de edad. Respecto al sexo, el más frecuente es el masculino. El asma bronquial, la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes Mellitus representaron el mayor porciento de antecedentes patológicos personales. Conclusión: la intervención sicológica resultó efectiva pues se logró disminuir a leve los niveles iniciales de depresión establecida y los considerados con leve a no depresión, por lo tanto se afirma que con su aplicación fue modificado el estado emocional de los adultos mayores que se implicaron en la muestra. Introduction: Biological, psychological, financial and social changes observed during aging lead to think that there is a series of factors that favor the appearance of depression in senior citizens. Objective: Assessing the effectiveness of a psychological intervention in order to reduce depression in senior citizens from "Dr. Diego Tamayo Figueredo" Senior Citizens' House, Puerto Padre, from November 2013 to May 2014. Material and methods: A psychological intervention study was conducted on a sample of 12 senior citizens from the house. A psychological intervention program as well as the Geriatrics Depression Scale were applied before and after the intervention in order to make the assessment. The Beck's cognitive-behavior model was used. Data was processed according to descriptive statistics. Results: The highest percentage of patients corresponded to a group of seniors between 60 and 90 years of age. Regarding sex, males are more common. Bronchial asthma, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus represented the highest percentage of personal pathological history. Conclusion: The psychological intervention proved to be effective since initial established depression levels were reduced to minor and those considered as minor were reduced to no depression ; therefore, it is stated that its application modified the state of mind of the senior citizens involved in the sample. (shrink)

The Gamer's Dilemma challenges us to find a distinction between virtual murder and virtual pedophilia. Without such a distinction, we are forced to conclude that either both are morally acceptable or that both should be morally illicit. This paper argues that the best way to solve the dilemma is, in one sense, to dissolve it. The Gamer's Dilemma rests on a misunderstanding in the sense that it does not distinguish between the form of a simulation and its surface content. A (...) greater appreciation of the way structural features of a simulation affect subject experience will help us see why only simulations of murder and pedophilia generating virtually real experiences are likely to be seen as wrong. I argue that a simulation’s structural elements powerfully affect how subjects experience simulated content and hence is an important, and previously neglected, variable necessary to dissolve the Gamer's Dilemma. Properly understood, virtually real simulations of murder and pedophilia are both likely to be treated by players as morally wrong. Similarly, virtually unreal murder and pedophilia will be less likely to be judged as wrong. Subject judgments are thus consistent once a simulation’s structural variables are accounted for. The Gamer's Dilemma dissolves as a dilemma once we acknowledge these structural features of simulations and how they affect experience and moral judgment. (shrink)

In the last few decades, assisted reproduction has introduced new challenges to the way people conceive and build their families. While the numbers of donor-conceived individuals have increased worldwide, there are still many controversies concerning access to donor information. Is there a fundamental moral right to know one’s genetic background? What does identity in DC families mean? Is there any relationship between identity formation and disclosure of genetic origins? These questions are addressed by analysing core regulatory discourse. This analysis shows (...) that the notion of narrative identity is suitable for defining and answering these questions. This review analyses the meaning of resemblance in DC families and the way donors are selected following affinity-ties and discusses disclosure strategies and agreements. As a preliminary conclusion, it could be said that, in the field of third-party reproduction, knowing about the donor conception significantly contributes towards the development of a narrative identity and also serves as a moral basis for the child’s right to know. (shrink)

I argue that psychopathy undermines three common assumptions typically invoked in favor of moderate reasons responsive theories of moral responsibility. First, I propose a theory of psychopathic agency and claim that psychopathic agency suggests that the systems underlying receptivity to reason bifurcate into at least two sub-systems of receptivity. Next, I claim that the bifurcation of systems for receptivity suggests that reactivity is not “all of a piece” but that it too decomposes into at least two subsystems. Lastly, I argue (...) that prior attempts by Fischer and Ravizza to address these concerns contain an appeal to internalism. Since Fischer and Ravizza want their theory to remain agnostic about the nature of reasons for action, this appeal to internalism is problematic for their view. I close by suggesting that if we are to make sense of when and why psychopaths are responsible then a mechanism-based theory of responsibility must be able to explain how different systems of receptivity and reactivity come together to constitute a single mechanism that grounds responsibility ascriptions for action and they must do so without tacitly appealing to implausible forms of internalism about reasons for action. (shrink)

« Nos sentiments ne sont perceptibles qu’en s’enfermant dans les mots ». Dès son introduction Georges Vigarello, professeur à l’Université de Paris-V et directeur d’étude à l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, rappelle cette phrase de Jean-Louis Flandrin pour à son tour s’essayer à ce terrain difficile que sont les mots, afin de penser une histoire de la beauté. Les mots, significatifs du point de vue de leurs auteurs comme de leurs époques, traduisent les prises de conscience et...

La fe como elevación del conocer personal. Con el método del abandono del límite mental, Polo descubrió el acceso a la realidad trans-inmanente o trans-operativa del ser humano, alcanzando así el entendimiento agente aristotélico o conocer personal como el conocimiento superior del ser humano. Dicho conocimiento no encuentra en sí su tema, lo cual lo abre para que trascendiéndose lo busque fuera de sí. El acto de fe debe consistir en la iluminación de dicho conocer por el cual percibe en (...) Cristo su tema o réplica, quien a su vez es réplica del Padre. (shrink)

This essay aims to show that the nations of Central America must create access to safe and legal abortion as well as promote a political dialogue on the subject that is based on reason and science, rather than religion. Not only does prohibiting abortion constitute a violation of women's human rights, but, based on international human rights law as well as the minimum duties of civil ethics, failing in to provide such access or dialogue would mean failing to meet the (...) standards of a legitimate democratic state. (shrink)

Le livre fait partie d’une série de travaux publiée par un réseau d’historiens urbains qui cherchent à montrer comment l’expérience urbaine européenne, voire la forme même des villes ont été façonnées par le genre, du milieu du xviie au milieu du xxe siècle. Le prisme choisi pour étudier ces liens entre genre et ville est ici le luxe, parce qu’il touche à la fois à la société et à l’économie, à la politique et à la culture urbaines, ouvrant sur une (...) large investigation, comme l’exposent les tr... (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una interpretación hermenéutica/psicológica del cuento de hadas Zarevich Iván, el pájaro de fuego y el lobo a partir de la psicología analítica de Carl Gustav Jung y la metodología de interpretación diseñada por Marie Von Franz.

Cet article présente un document trouvé dans les fouilles de l’École française à Thasos en 1969. Daté de l’époque classique, ce texte fut inscrit sur une tablette avant cuisson, premier exemple de ce type de support sur ce site. Après une étude du texte et de ses caractéristiques paléographiques et linguistiques, on expose les éléments qui laissent penser que l’on a affaire aux premières lignes d’une lettre. En plus de présenter certaines graphies distinctes de celles de l’épigraphie lapidaire et des (...) anthroponymes nouveaux, ce texte fournit une attestation supplémentaire du culte de Zeus Patrôos à Thasos. (shrink)

Graphical displays of simple moving geometrical figures have been repeatedly used to study the attribution of animacy in human observers. Yet little is known about the relevant movement characteristics responsible for this experience. The present study introduces a novel parametric research paradigm, which allows for the experimental control of specific motion parameters and a predictable influence on the attribution of animacy. Two experiments were conducted using 3D computer animations of one or two objects systematically introducing variations in the following aspects (...) of motion: directionality, discontinuity and responsiveness. Both experiments further varied temporal kinematics. Results showed that animacy experience increased with the time a moving object paused in the vicinity of a second object and with increasing complexity of interaction between the objects . The experience of animacy could be successfully modulated in a parametric fashion by the systematic variation of comparably simple differential movement characteristics. (shrink)

There is a long-standing discussion concerning the nature of moral discourse. Multiple views range from realism—according to which moral discourse is closer to scientific discourse than to fictional discourse—to anti-realism—according to which moral discourse is rather closer to fictional discourse. In this paper, I want to motivate a novel anti-realist account. On this view, there are no moral properties or truths, neither mind-independent nor mind-dependent ones (i.e., anti-realism). However, moral cognition results from the use of higher order cognitive abilities with (...) enough resources to grant moral discourse with all the features of a realist talk (i.e., cognitive quasi-realism). I defend this view based on empirical evidence on human moral development and by showing that the resulting account can meet the demands of robust moral realism. The paper concludes by placing the proposed view within the metaethical landscape by comparing it against other forms of anti-realism, most significantly against expressivism. (shrink)

It is often said in physics that if two models of a theory are related by a symmetry, then the two models provide (or could provide) two different representations of the very same situation, alike the case of two maps of different color for the very same city. It is also said that the situations represented by two models of a theory are indiscernible in some ways when the models in question are related by a symmetry of the theory, just (...) like the situation in the interior of the cabin of a train when the train is at rest in the station is empirically indiscernible from the situation in the interior when the train is moving uniformly (in classical mechanics, these two situations are represented by two models related by a boost). In recent years, philosophers of physics have focused a lot of attention in developing various principles that aim to elucidate these and similar remarks on symmetries, models, physical equivalence, and representation that are widespread in physics practice. The goal of the current article is to provide a critical review of these principles, and suggest a new framework for thinking about these kinds of questions. One important upshot of the paper is that questions of indiscernibility, and questions of the representational capacity of models, must be distinguished from one another. (shrink)

Imagine that we are on a train playing with some mechanical systems. Why can’t we detect any differences in their behavior when the train is parked versus when it is moving uniformly? The standard answer is that boosts are symmetries of Newtonian systems. In this paper, I use the case of a spring to argue that this answer is problematic because symmetries are neither sufficient nor necessary for preserving its behavior. I also develop a new answer according to which boosts (...) preserve the relational properties on which the behavior of a system depends, even when they are not symmetries. (shrink)

Malgré le progrès des connaissances de leurs mécanismes étiopathogéniques et la médicalisation de leur prise en charge, les pathologies démentielles restent très invalidantes sur le plan du maintien de l’autonomie dans les actes de la vie quotidienne et des relations interpersonnelles. Le terme de « démence » reste largement utilisé dans une acception évoquant non seulement la perte des fonctions cognitives et ses conséquences fonctionnelles, mais surtout l’altération de la relation perçue comme étrange et privée de sens. L’altération de la (...) dimension intersubjective de la relation nous semble un déterminant central de ces modifications relationnelles. Elle concerne le sens de soi, la relation interpersonnelle et la difficulté pour les proches à octroyer le statut de personne morale. On tente ici de démontrer que, dans les interactions avec les personnes âgées, et plus particulièrement celles souffrant de pathologie démentielle, la modification de la relation intersubjective se situe principalement au niveau de l’altération de l’« accordage affectif » tel que décrit par Daniel N. Stern dans ses travaux sur le développement précoce et la construction du sens de soi. Ces troubles de l’accordage affectif peuvent être rapprochés des risques de perte du statut de personne morale au sens où le phénoménologue Max Scheler le définit. L’article discute également des perspectives de validation expérimentale de ces hypothèses et de leur conséquence pour la pratique clinique. (shrink)

Résumé Quoique les rapports amoureux soient le point névralgique de La Maman et la Putain, Mes petites amoureuses et Une sale histoire, c’est la rencontre manquée entre les sexes qui s’y fait jour, tandis que la question du corps, comme celle du désir, s’y révèle problématique et paradoxale. Les corps sont occultés ou n’apparaissent que dans une intermittence, mis à distance par une parole insatiable ou un regard qui tient séparé. Le véritable corps amoureux tel que les films le dessinent (...) est d’une part celui du cinéaste en tant que cinéphile, et d’autre part celui du spectateur. (shrink)

L’article expose les premiers résultats du programme scientifique « SIG du centre monumental de Thasos. Topographie et architecture » qui, depuis 2015, vise à reprendre les études sur l’agora de Thasos par le biais d’une approche conjointe des inscriptions, de la sculpture et de l’architecture. L’un des objectifs était dans un premier temps la réalisation d’un plan géoréférencé de l’agora et de ses abords, qui puisse également servir d’appui à la construction d’un Système d’Information Géographique (SIG). L’article expose le cadre (...) méthodologique de leur mise en place ainsi que les diverses applications que vise le WebSIG de Thasos. Cette première étape étant désormais achevée, ces outils de recherche ont permis la reconfiguration d’un nouveau programme de recherche intitulé « Archépolis : Archéologie et histoire de l’espace public à Thasos ». (shrink)

In this text, I consider two examples in the history of emancipation and manumission of enslaved, Black populations in the Caribbean and South America in order to theorize a colonial mode of conceiving of freedom at play in the first half of the nineteenth century. This mode is marked by the figure of the promise, enacting a notion of freedom as a constantly deferred, external compensation. Indeed, instead of an immediate decision deeming the practice of enslavement and trade of human (...) beings unacceptable, and an effective liberation of the enslaved Black populations in these different emancipation proclamations, the various histories of manumission in Latin America and the Caribbean show a long series of political and legal attempts to reduce and limit the extent of the slave trade that deferred the process of liberation for decades. Moreover, in many of these territories the practice did not end with the official proclamation of emancipation but was continued by illegal practices and mutations into legal forms of exploitation and oppression that are still operative today. After outlining this first trajectory, reconstructing the promise of manumission in the historical examples of Martinique (as read by Édouard Glissant) and La Gran Colombia and the Republic of Nueva Granada (contemporary Panamá, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador), I analyze a second mode of investigation in examples of individual and collective strategies of liberation coming from the enslaved themselves, as reconstructed by contemporary feminist scholars in South America. These strategies appropriate liberation not as a promise, but as a negotiation and calculation that begins with the enslaved’s resistance to their oppressive conditions and that ultimately depends on the external concession by juridical authorities. In the third section of the chapter, I read these practices not as marronage, as they are sometimes approached, but as a different mode of turning back to these glimpses of freedom that more effectively challenge the narrative of emancipation and, with it, the promise of manumission in our present. -/- . (shrink)

Consensus in the contemporary philosophical literature has it that conserved quantity theories of causation such as that of Dowe [2000]—according to which causation is to be analysed in terms of the exchange of conserved quantities (e.g., energy)—face damning problems when confronted with contemporary physics, where the notion of conservation becomes delicate. In particular, in general relativity it is often claimed that there simply are no conservation laws for (say) total-stress energy. If this claim is correct, it is difficult to see (...) how conserved quantity theories of causation could survive. In this article, we resist the above consensus and defend conserved quantity theories from this conclusion, at least when focusing on the apparent problems posed by general relativity. We argue that this approach to causation can continue to be defended in general relativity, once one appreciates (a) the availability of approximate symmetries in generic general relativistic spacetimes, and (b) the role of modelling and idealisation in that theory. Given these points, conserved quantity theories of causation must stand or fall on other grounds. (shrink)

The average weight and height of National Basketball League players is decreasing year by year ; Curcic, Dimitrije. 2021. 70 years of height evolution in the NBA [4,504 players analyzed]. RunRepeat. https://runrepeat.com/height-evolution-in-the-nba ). The trend in basketball is to privilege the tallest and strongest. If so, then to what does the body modification of NBA players respond? Will these changes reformulate the corporeity of what is understood as an NBA player? This text seeks, from the postulates of Jacques Fontanille and (...) José Finol, to point out that the process of body modification arose both from the introduction of a new rule and the recognition to new corporealities. From data regarding players’ corporeality, shooting tendency and a body modification scheme, a new corporeality of the NBA player is proposed, one that is no longer determined entirely by height. (shrink)

John Dewey’s stay in Tokyo in early 1919 coincided with the height of the social movement calling for parliamentary democracy in Japan. His lectures at Tokyo Imperial University offered a new way of viewing the world and human actions that emphasizes the importance of communication and the growth of democratic personality. Those who expected to hear from him something else were disillusioned. But the disillusionment was mutual. Dewey was disillusioned by the Japanese intellectuals whose affection for European philosophy led them (...) to an uncritical acceptance of the emperor system and Japan’s imperialism abroad. His criticism toward the Japanese intellectuals grew severe as he saw the Japanese aggression while he was on the continent. Dewey’s lecture on democracy left some impact on a few of intellectuals who modified their view of person’s actions that was eventually to be crashed when Japan fell into the all-out war-making. (shrink)

In the context of medical ethics, how can the concept of informed consent be effectively implemented in a traditional society such as Japan? If the need for more openness and transparency is not felt in the practice of medicine and welfare, the clients must remain under the spell of paternalistic data. Patients and health-care professionals other than doctors are taken to be "responsible for what they do but not to be accountable for their conduct" because they do not participate in (...) a decision-making process. I explore the possibility of the concept's full implementation against the particularists' and communitarian ethicists' effort to reject the universal nature of the concept. (shrink)

Let f be a function from N to N that can not be computed in polynomial time, and let a be an element of a differential field K of characteristic 0. The problem of large powers is the set of tuples x̄ = (x 1 ,..., x n ) of K so that x 1 = a f(n) , and the problem of large roots is the set of tuples x̄ of K so that x f(n) 1 = a. These (...) are two examples of problems that the use of derivation does not allow to solve quicker. We show that the problem of large roots is not polynomial for the differential field K, even if we use a polynomial number of parameters, and that the problem of large powers is not polynomial for the differential field K, even for non-uniform complexity. The proofs use the polynomial stability (i.e., the elimination of parameters) of field of characteristic 0, shown by L. Blum. F. Cucker. M. Shub and S. Smale, and the reduction lemma, that transforms a differential polynomial in variables x̄ into a polynomial in variables x̄. and their derivatives. (shrink)

A notion of complexity for an arbitrary structure was defined in the book of Poizat Les petits cailloux (1995): we can define P and NP problems over a differential field K. Using the Witness Theorem of Blum et al., we prove the P-stability of the theory of differential fields: a P problem over a differential field K is still P when restricts to a sub-differential field k of K. As a consequence, if P = NP over some differentially closed field (...) K, then P = NP over any differentially closed field and over any algebraically closed field. (shrink)

We argue that moral judgment studies currently conducted utilizing virtual reality (VR) devices must confront a dilemma due to how virtual environments are designed and how those environments are experienced. We begin by first describing the contexts present in paradigmatic cases of naturalistic moral judgments. We then compare these contexts to current traditional (vignette-based) and VR-based moral judgment research. We show that, contra to paradigmatic cases, vignette-based and VR-based moral judgment research often fails to accurately model the situational features of (...) paradigmatic moral judgments. In particular, we compare and contrast six recent VR studies to support our view that only simulations high in context-realism and perspectival-fidelity can produce ‘virtually real experiences.’ After analyzing the constituents of a virtually-real experience, we go on to propose guidelines for the creation of VR studies. These guidelines serve two purposes. First, we aim to increase the ecological validity of such studies in order to advance our understanding of moral judgments. Second, we believe that such guidelines should inform how Institutional Review Boards assess VR research. We show that our guidelines are urgently needed given the current lax review standards in place. (shrink)

El presente trabajo se propone advertir el momento del proceso cognitivo en el cual la habilidad del sabio de controlar sus asentimientos se haría manifiesta; dicho propósito presenta ciertas dificultades dado el marco de un determinismo radical que caracteriza al pensamiento estoico. Por tanto, y con el objetivo de dilucidar tales problemáticas, conjugaremos la existencia de una cadena de determinaciones (que constituye el destino) con la posibilidad de que un individuo cuente con una facultad que 'esté en su poder'. The (...) present paper proposes to notice the cognitive process' moment in which the sage's ability to control his assents would become apparent; this objective presents some difficulties given the context of a radical determinism that characterizes Stoic thought. Therefore, and with the aim of solving such problems, we will conjugate the existence of a determinations' chain (which constitutes fate) with the possibility that a man has a faculty which 'might be in his power'. (shrink)

El trabajo se propone identificar los principales objetivos y fundamentos a partir de los cuales el estoicismo antiguo ha comprendido el concepto de educación, en su ineludible vínculo con los ámbitos ético y político. Teniendo presente dicho objetivo, será nuestro propósito analizar la paideía esto..

Watts, Sandro. “¿Puede hablarse de poesía filosófica en Platón?” Eidos [Barranquilla, Universidad del Norte], 20 (2014): 75-94.

La ética de la responsabilidad planteada por Hans Jonas responde a las demandas tecnocientíficas actuales a través de un imperativo axiológico, mediado por la denominada “heurística del temor”, la prevalencia en la investigación de los pronósticos malos sobre los buenos y la conjunción del bien, el deber y el ser como soporte metafísico de la ética; la cual, aplicada y orientada al futuro, se presenta como una alternativa fiable para guiar los procesos y desarrollos de la tecnociencia, haciendo énfasis en (...) el saber del progreso biomédico sobre el poder de la técnica y apelando a una prudencia responsable. (shrink)

The recent debate about whether gauge symmetries can be empirically significant has focused on the possibility of 'Galileo's ship' types of scenarios, where the symmetries effect relational differences between a subsystem and the environment. However, it has gone largely unremarked that apart from such Galileo's ship scenarios, Greaves and Wallace (2014) proposed that gauge transformations can also be empirically significant in a 'non-relational' manner that is analogous to a Faraday-cage scenario, where the subsystem symmetry is related to a change in (...) a charged boundary state. In this paper, we investigate the question of whether such non-relational scenarios are possible for gauge theories. Remarkably, the answer to this question turns out to be closely related to a foundational puzzle that has driven a host of recent developments at the frontiers of theoretical physics. By drawing on these recent developments, we show that a very natural way of elaborating on Greaves and Wallace's claim of non-relational empirical significance for gauge symmetry is incoherent. However, we also argue that much of what they suggest is correct in spirit: one can indeed construct non-relational models of the kind they sketch, albeit ones where the empirical significance is not witnessed by a gauge symmetry but instead by a superficially similar boundary symmetry. Furthermore, the latter casts doubt on whether one really abandons Galileo's ship in such scenarios. (shrink)