Entre las múltiples lecturas de Manuel Sacristán, la obra de Husserl también está presente. Aunque no puede afirmarse que sea un autor determinante para Sacristán, este artículo documenta el conocimiento riguroso que el autor español tenía del filósofo alemán, que estudia principalmente en su etapa juvenil, tanto en contribuciones a la revista estudiantil Laye como en sus estudios de doctorado, conocimientos que permitirán dos desarrollos posteriores acerca del estado de la fenomenología para dos enciclopedias. Este artículo estudia las referencias a (...) la fenomenología husserliana en el joven Manuel Sacristán a través de los diversos textos elaborador por dicho autor, rastreables especialmente en la década de los 50 y parte de los 60 del siglo XX. (shrink)

In the wake of corporate ethical scandals that have harmed millions of employees and investors, there has been an increase in the number of works written in the last decade, which aim to answer one apparently simple question: what causes unethical behavior, and what can we do, if anything, to prevent similar transgressions in the future? The extensive research around this question is the best proof of its real complexity as the challenge of disentangling the background of ethical behavior has (...) obvious academic and practical interest. This study aims to take a further step toward that goal. Much research has noted the impact of multiple aspects of organizational contexts on individuals’ ethical behavior. However, studies that analyze the impact of organizational learning capability (OLC) on employees’ ethical behavior are few and far between. This was the first aim of this study. The second centered on gaining a deeper understanding of the relationship between OLC and ethical behavior by analyzing the mediating role of employability and organizational commitment. We tested our hypotheses through a structural equation methodology applied to a sample of 641 workers from 166 Spanish consultancy firms and found a positive, direct relationship between OLC and employability, OLC and organizational commitment, employability and organizational commitment, and organizational commitment and ethical behavior. (shrink)

This paper reports the policy-responses of different Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) to the novel coronavirus, COVD-19 pandemic. It compares these responses with those made by HEIs in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Publicly available data and news reports were used to gauge the general public’s reaction to these policies and how the Philippines’ responses fare with its Southeast Asian neighbors. The paper observes that despite the innovations made by Philippine HEIs in terms of alternative learning modes and technologies for delivering (...) education, there are still gaps and challenges in their responses. It recommends that policy-responses and learning innovations should be grounded on a deeper understanding of distance education and should be sensitive to the call of the times. (shrink)

The knowledge extraction from data with noise or outliers is a complex problem in the data mining area. Normally, it is not easy to eliminate those problematic instances. To obtain information from this type of data, robust classifiers are the best option to use. One of them is the application of bagging scheme on weak single classifiers. The Credal C4.5 model is a new classification tree procedure based on the classical C4.5 algorithm and imprecise probabilities. It represents a type of (...) the so-calledcredal trees. It has been proven that CC4.5 is more robust to noise than C4.5 method and even than other previous credal tree models. In this paper, the performance of the CC4.5 model in bagging schemes on noisy domains is shown. An experimental study on data sets with added noise is carried out in order to compare results where bagging schemes are applied on credal trees and C4.5 procedure. As a benchmark point, the known Random Forest classification method is also used. It will be shown that the bagging ensemble using pruned credal trees outperforms the successful bagging C4.5 and RF when data sets with medium-to-high noise level are classified. (shrink)

Reseña del libro Cristià, M. (2021): AIDA. Una historia de solidaridad artística transnacional (1979-1985). Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi.

This paper introduces pragmatic hypotheses and relates this concept to the spiral of scientific evolution. Previous works determined a characterization of logically consistent statistical hypothesis tests and showed that the modal operators obtained from this test can be represented in the hexagon of oppositions. However, despite the importance of precise hypothesis in science, they cannot be accepted by logically consistent tests. Here, we show that this dilemma can be overcome by the use of pragmatic versions of precise hypotheses. These pragmatic (...) versions allow a level of imprecision in the hypothesis that is small relative to other experimental conditions. The introduction of pragmatic hypotheses allows the evolution of scientific theories based on statistical hypothesis testing to be interpreted using the narratological structure of hexagonal spirals, as defined by Pierre Gallais. (shrink)

In order to fulfil their essential roles as the bearers of truth and the relata of logical relations, propositions must be public and shareable. That requirement has favoured Platonist and other nonmental views of them, despite the well-known problems of Platonism in general. Views that propositions are mental entities have correspondingly fallen out of favour, as they have difficulty in explaining how propositions could have shareable, objective properties. We revive a mentalist view of propositions, inspired by Artificial Intelligence work on (...) perceptual algorithms, which shows how perception causes persistent mental entities with shareable properties that allow them to fulfil the traditional roles of (one core kind of) propositions. The clustering algorithms implemented in perception produce outputs which are (implicit) atomic propositions in different minds. Coordination of them across minds proceeds by game-theoretic processes of communication. The account does not rely on any unexplained notions such as mental content, representation, or correspondence (although those notions are applicable in philosophical analysis of the result). (shrink)

This is an existential-phenomenological reading of Max Weber's "Class, Status, Party" that seeks a fuller understanding of meaning accomplishment in a stratified World. I appropriate stratification as a single meaning structure ontically defined by domination, intersubjectivity, and life-chances and ontologically determined by the power-to-be, There-being-with-others, and potentiality. I then discuss the significance of these structures in finite transcendence and describe ways they factually unfold in World achievement. I conclude with logotherapeutic reflections concerning meaning accomplishment in a stratified World and a (...) summary of key questions facing existential-phenomenology in light of the likelihood that There-being must embrace, indeed, live, the inherent equality of Being among Daseins to accomplish its authenticity. (shrink)

In “God of the Gaps: A Neglected Reply to God’s Stone Problem”, Jc Beall and A. J. Cotnoir offer a gappy solution to the paradox of (unrestricted) omnipotence that is typified by the classic stone problem. Andrew Tedder and Guillermo Badia, however, have recently argued that this solution could not be extended to a more serious Curry-like version of the paradox. In this paper, we show that such a gappy solution does extend to it.

The modern philosophy of science has not succeeded in defining conclusively what the scientific method consists in. On the contrary, scientific practice seems to consist in a methodological pluralism, a definition that connects with essential fragments of John Dewey's Logic, the Theory of Inquiry. For Dewey, even the forms of logic emerge from the problems defined in indeterminate situations. A historical example was the introduction of the notion of complementarity in physics, which allowed the interpretation of two confusingly paradoxical experiments (...) in a coherent way. Dewey's thought demonstrates its relevance by helping us to define the pattern of inquiry. Methodological pluralism and the dependence of logic on research problems is not something that will happen, it is something that has happened and does happen in scientific practices. (shrink)

Apresentam-se, em forma de sintética perspectiva histórica, alguns dos temas principais da metafisica do ser, de modo a mostrar a articulação do pensamento filosófico desde Parmênides a Tomás de Aquino, salientando-se no fim de cada período as conquistas que ficaram em aberto. A seguir, expõe-se a metafisica Juliana, afirmando-se que esta seguramente consistiria numa tentativa de continuar a especulação e o aprofundamento sobre o ato de Ser, a partir do ponto alcançado pela especulação anterior. O trabalho pode ser visto portanto (...) como uma chave para a leitura das obras lulianas. (shrink)

Esta comunicación muestra que elpensamiento del filósofo mallorquín avanza conrelación ai estado de la doctrina tradicional sobrelas nociones clásicas de naturaleza y personaporque arranca de su teoria de las Dignidades,según la cual el ser se presenta como actividadformalizada. Si "pensar", "escuchar" y "ver" sonactos, lo son por el acto de ser, y tendrá que seréste, el acto en primer lugar diferenciado.Además, la importante teoria Juliana de las obraspropias y apropiadas permite una explicación dela naturaleza humana muy consistente con larealidad. Se (...) empieza por explicar cómo surge elhombre por su acto de ser. Según Llull, e! hombreradica en e! "soy", un "acto común" que conectaalma y cuerpo. La naturaleza humana es la únicaque reúne en si todo lo criado y es gracias a ellaque las criaturas pueden alcanzar su fin. Sedemuestra que el alma existe, es criada, y es máspor su fin que por su esencia, y es, porconsiguiente, eterna. Finalmente, Llull dice queexiste en nosotros un entender interior ypripligenio, siempre en acto, por media del cualtenemos noticia de nuestro ser, del ser de lascosas y de Dios. (shrink)

Estudam-se realidades básicas da moral - o ente, o ato de ser e a causalidade eficiente intrínseca - e se conclui que se harmonizam apenas com aquelas metafísicas denominadas do ser. que concebem o ser como a primeira perfeição à qual se reduzem todas as outras. Critica-se a posição essencialista. Examina-se a noção de ser implícita nos escritos de Tomás de Aquino que, por superar a concepção formalista do ser, permite uma compreensão adequada da vida moral.,Da mesma maneira, a noção (...) do ser que se extrai da obra de Raimundo Lúlio não difere essencialmente daquelas apresentadas pelas metafisicas do ser, e por isso a moral Juliana sobre ela assente é permanente e adequada à pessoa humana. (shrink)

Can God change the past? The standard Aquinas line answers this question negatively: God cannot change the past since such an act implies a contradiction; thus is not within the purview of God's omnipotence. While the Aquinas line is well-known, there are other, non-standard solutions to this question. In this paper, I look into such answers. In particular, I explore those answers that employ the resources of gappy and glutty logics. I show how these solutions are motivated and how each (...) offers an alternative conception of what it is for God to be omnipotent. Finally, I consider and reply to potential issues that may be raised against these non-standard answers. (shrink)

Automated legal reasoning and its application in smart contracts and automated decisions are increasingly attracting interest. In this context, ethical and legal concerns make it necessary for automated reasoners to justify in human-understandable terms the advice given. Logic Programming, specially Answer Set Programming, has a rich semantics and has been used to very concisely express complex knowledge. However, modelling discretionality to act and other vague concepts such as ambiguity cannot be expressed in top-down execution models based on Prolog, and in (...) bottom-up execution models based on ASP the justifications are incomplete and/or not scalable. We propose to use s(CASP), a top-down execution model for predicate ASP, to model vague concepts following a set of patterns. We have implemented a framework, called s(LAW), to model, reason, and justify the applicable legislation and validate it by translating (and benchmarking) a representative use case, the criteria for the admission of students in the “Comunidad de Madrid”. (shrink)

Jc Beall’s off-topic interpretation of Weak Kleene logic offers a logic of ‘true-and-topic’ preservation. However, Nissim Francez has recently argued that being ‘off-topic’ is a relational and not an _absolute_ semantic property; as such, it fails to satisfy the conditions of truth-functionality. For Francez, this means that it ‘cannot serve as an interpretation of a truth-value’. In this paper, I propose a two-layered _re_interpretation of Beall’s off-topic semantics. This two-layered framework has two crucial features: a sentential topic-tagging device and a (...) two-layered evaluation tool. I show that this framework results in a logic that preserves Beall’s key insight and addresses Francez’s concerns. (shrink)

Após afirmar que os dois sentidos aristotélicos do ato são insuficientes para dizer o ente tal como este se encontra na realidade, o trabalho mostra como o novo sentido que Lúlio atribuiu à noção de ato permitiu-lhe superar a limitação própria dos conhecimentos obtidos mediante as operações da faculdade cognoscitiva e alcançar, com ajuda de sua Ars, o ato de ser dos entes.

This study is divided in three parts. First, it shows which are the specific truths of Christianism, that distinguish it from other monotheistic religions. In the second part, establish the lullian metaphysics´suppositions that consent to embrace this truths. Finally, the third part is an attempt to expose the arguments and demonstrations characteristic of Lullian theory of knowledge.

The analysis of the confession in Foucault's work based on the comparison between Les anormaux, Mal faire, dire vrai and Les aveux de la chair shows one of the most relevant displacements in Foucault's work, which constitutes a good part of the essence of what has been called the last Foucault: the relation of the subject and the truth. An attempt will be made to account for this turn, analyzing the look at primitive Christianity of the last Foucault and the (...) relationship of such reflection in the analysis of the hermeneutics of the self. The last reflections on the confession in Les aveux de la chair will show the meaning of the ethical inquiry of the last Foucault that reproduces the double critical and ontological character of anarcheology. (shrink)

Algunos filósofos utilitaristas justifican proteger los derechos humanos por la utilidad que reportan, pero niegan que tal obligación pueda desplazar al deber ético más fundamental de procurar el bienestar. El trabajo argumenta que los derechos humanos son bienes cuyo valor moral es en parte independiente del bienestar que causan, y por tanto crean exigencias que pueden oponerse y superar a las razones para incrementar el bienestar global. A partir de esta idea se discute la suficiencia de una ética basada únicamente (...) en derechos, los conflictos de los derechos humanos entre sí y con otros bienes morales y la justificación de la inalienabilidad de los derechos humanos. (shrink)