Results for ' Problem‐Solving Through Insight and Action'

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  1.  25
    Insight, interactivity and materiality.Frederic Vallee-Tourangeau - 2014 - Pragmatics and Cognition 22 (1):27-44.
    The popular iconography of insight casts a thinker as he or she uncoils from a Rodin pose and a bulb that lights a world hitherto hidden. By and large, these features of folk mythology capture and guide how psychologists conduct research on insight: Mental processes — some of which may be unconscious — transform an inceptive abstract representation of the world until it prescribes a fruitful solution to a problem. Yet thinking and problem solving outside the laboratory involve (...)
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  2.  4
    Zen and the Art of Climbing.Eric Swan - 2010-09-24 - In Fritz Allhoff & Stephen E. Schmid (eds.), Climbing ‐ Philosophy for Everyone. Wiley‐Blackwell. pp. 117–129.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Illustration: Ordinary Mind in Eldorado Canyon Introduction The Route Itself But First, the Origin of Zen Parallels Between Zen Training and Climbing Conclusion Epilogue: Finding Nirvana Notes.
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  3.  4
    Movements of the Mind. A Theory of Attention, Intention and Action by Wayne Wu (review).Diego D'Angelo - 2024 - Review of Metaphysics 77 (4):734-735.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Movements of the Mind. A Theory of Attention, Intention and Action by Wayne WuDiego D’AngeloWU, Wayne. Movements of the Mind. A Theory of Attention, Intention and Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. 257 pp. Cloth, $80.00Wayne Wu presented a theory of attention as selection-for-action in 2014. According to this theory, given a behavioral space in which the agent has multiple inputs and outputs to choose (...)
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  4.  22
    Problem solving stages in the five square problem.Anna Fedor, Eörs Szathmáry & Michael Öllinger - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6:135954.
    According to the restructuring hypothesis, insight problem solving typically progresses through consecutive stages of search, impasse, insight, and search again for someone, who solves the task. The order of these stages was determined through self-reports of problem solvers and has never been verified behaviorally. We asked whether individual analysis of problem solving attempts of participants revealed the same order of problem solving stages as defined by the theory and whether their subjective feelings corresponded to the problem (...)
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  5.  5
    Improving Real-World Innovation and Problem Solving in Clinical Ethics: Insights from the First Clinical Ethics Un-Conference.Paul J. Ford, Margot M. Eves, Jane Jankowski, Bethany Bruno & Hilary Mabel - 2021 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 32 (4):331-342.
    Despite an abundance of academic conferences, clinical ethicists lacked a forum to share innovative practices with peers and to generate solutions to common challenges. Organizers of the first Clinical Ethics Un-Conference developed a working event centered on active participation and problem solving through peer learning, with the goal of improving realworld practice. Registrants included 95 individuals from 64 institutions. Attendees were surveyed immediately after the Un-Conference, and again eight months later. After eight months, 85 percent (n = 33/39) of (...)
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  6.  38
    Using programs to solve problems: Imitation versus insight.Stan A. Kuczaj, John D. Gory & Mark J. Xitco - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (5):695-696.
    Dolphins exhibit both action-level imitation (ALI) and program-level imitation (PLI). Dolphins may use ALI primarily for social cohesion, whereas PLI seems more likely to occur in goal-directed, problem-solving contexts. Both PLI and insightful problem solving require a recognition of the functional relations between actions and outcomes. Insightful problem solving, however, involves the creation of a program in the absence of a model, and therefore requires a higher order appreciation and application of the relations between actions and outcomes.
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  7.  22
    The Effect of Dopaminergic Replacement Therapy on Creative Thinking and Insight Problem-Solving in Parkinson's Disease Patients.Carola Salvi, Emily K. Leiker, Beatrix Baricca, Maria A. Molinari, Roberto Eleopra, Paolo F. Nichelli, Jordan Grafman & Joseph E. Dunsmoor - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Parkinson's disease patients receiving dopaminergic treatment may experience bursts of creativity. Although this phenomenon is sometimes recognized among patients and their clinicians, the association between dopamine replacement therapy in PD patients and creativity remains underexplored. It is unclear, for instance, whether DRT affects creativity through convergent or divergent thinking, idea generation, or a general lack of inhibition. It is also unclear whether DRT only augments pre-existing creative attributes or generates creativity de novo. Here, we tested a group of PD (...)
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  8. Analysis of minimal complex systems and complex problem solving require different forms of causal cognition.Joachim Funke - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
    In the last 20 years, a stream of research emerged under the label of „complex problem solving“ (CPS). This research was intended to describe the way people deal with complex, dynamic, and intransparent situations. Complex computer-simulated scenarios were as stimulus material in psychological experiments. This line of research lead to subtle insights into the way how people deal with complexity and uncertainty. Besides these knowledge-rich, realistic, intransparent, complex, dynamic scenarios with many variables, a second line of research used more simple, (...)
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  9.  63
    The Phenomenology of Problem Solving.Jeffrey Yoshimi - 2017 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 94 (3):391-409.
    _ Source: _Volume 94, Issue 3, pp 391 - 409 The author outlines a provisional phenomenology of problem solving. He begins by reviewing the history of problem-solving psychology, focusing on the Gestalt approach, which emphasizes the influence of prior knowledge and the occurrence of sudden insights. He then describes problem solving as a process unfolding in a field of consciousness against a background of unconscious knowledge, which encodes action patterns, schemata, and affordances. A global feeling of wrongness or tension (...)
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  10.  61
    Qbq!: The Question Behind the Question: Practicing Personal Accountability in Work and in Life.John G. Miller - 2004 - New York, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
    Who Moved My Cheese? showed readers how to adapt to change. Fish! helped raise flagging morale. Execution guided readers to overcome the inability to get things done. QBQ! The Question Behind the Question , already a phenomenon in its self-published edition, addresses the most important issue in business and society today: personal accountability. The lack of personal accountability has resulted in an epidemic of blame, complaining, and procrastination. No organization-or individual-can achieve goals, compete in the marketplace, fulfill a vision, or (...)
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  11.  87
    Insight and creative thinking processes: Routine and special.K. J. Gilhooly, Linden J. Ball & Laura Macchi - 2015 - Thinking and Reasoning 21 (1):1-4.
    In recent years there has been an upsurge of research aimed at removing the mystery from insight and creative problem solving. The present special issue reflects this expanding field. Overall the papers gathered here converge on a nuanced view of insight and creative thinking as arising from multiple processes that can yield surprising solutions through a mixture of “special” Type 1 processes and “routine” Type 2 processes.
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  12.  72
    Tool Use and Causal Cognition.Teresa McCormack, Christoph Hoerl & Stephen Butterfill (eds.) - 2011 - Oxford University Press.
    What cognitive abilities underpin the use of tools, and how are tools and their properties represented or understood by tool-users? Does the study of tool use provide us with a unique or distinctive source of information about the causal cognition of tool-users? -/- Tool use is a topic of major interest to all those interested in animal cognition, because it implies that the animal has knowledge of the relationship between objects and their effects. There are countless examples of animals developing (...)
  13.  13
    Does Science Progress Towards Ever Higher Solvability Through Feedbacks Between Insights and Routines?Witold Marciszewski - 2018 - Studia Semiotyczne 32 (2):153-185.
    The affirmative answer to the title question is justified in two ways: logical and empirical. The logical justification is due to Gödel’s discovery that in any axiomatic formalized theory, having at least the expressive power of PA, at any stage of development there must appear unsolvable problems. However, some of them become solvable in a further development of the theory in question, owing to subsequent investigations. These lead to new concepts, expressed with additional axioms or rules. Owing to the so-amplified (...)
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  14.  18
    Insights and their emergence in everyday practices.Sarah Bro Trasmundi & Per Linell - 2017 - Pragmatics and Cognition 24 (1):62-90.
    The aim of this article is twofold. First, it is a theoretical and empirically based contribution to the branch of research that studies enabling conditions of human sense-making. It demonstrates the value of a coherent ecological framework, based on dialogism and interactivity for the study of sense-making, problem-solving and task performance in naturalistic contexts. Second, it presents a promising method for the analysis of cognitive activities, Cognitive Event Analysis, with which we investigate real-life medical interactions, especially the emergence of insights (...)
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  15.  37
    Building a pedagogy around action and emotion: experiences of Blind Opera of Kolkata. [REVIEW]Biswatosh Saha & Shubhashis Gangopadhyay - 2007 - AI and Society 21 (1-2):57-71.
    Contemporary knowledge systems have given too much importance to visual symbols, the written word for instance, as the repository of knowledge. The primacy of the written word and the representational world built around it is, however, under debate—especially from recent insights derived from cognitive science that seeks to bring back action, intent and emotion within the core of cognitive science (Freeman and Nunez in J Consciousness Stud 6(11/12), 1999). It is being argued that other sensory experiences, apart from the (...)
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  16.  21
    Paving the Way to Eureka—Introducing “Dira” as an Experimental Paradigm to Observe the Process of Creative Problem Solving.Frank Loesche, Jeremy Goslin & Guido Bugmann - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
    ‘Dira’ is a novel experimental paradigm to record combinations of behavioural and metacognitive measures for the creative process. This task allows assessing chronological and chronometric aspects of the creative process directly and without a detour through creative products or proxy phenomena. In a study with 124 participants we show that (a.) people spend more time attending to selected versus rejected potential solutions, (b.) there is a clear connection between behavioural patterns and self-reported measures, (c.) the reported intensity of Eureka (...)
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  17. But why does what works work? A response to Fifer, Henschen, Gould, and Ravizza, 2008.A. Martindale & D. Collins - unknown
    The article "What works when working with athletes" by Fifer, Henschen, Gould, and Ravizza offers an interesting array of information and insights used by three highly experienced applied sport psychology consultants. This response article, however, contends that it may be possible to glean a further, and crucial, level of understanding by exploring the metacognition behind the selection of such courses of action. This may be provided through applied cognitive task analysis techniques to access the cognitive mechanisms underpinning professional (...)
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  18.  56
    Learning a way through ethical problems: Swedish nurses' and doctors' experiences from one model of ethics rounds.M. Svantesson, R. Lofmark, H. Thorsen, K. Kallenberg & G. Ahlstrom - 2008 - Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (5):399-406.
    Objective: To evaluate one ethics rounds model by describing nurses’ and doctors’ experiences of the rounds. Methods: Philosopher-ethicist-led interprofessional team ethics rounds concerning dialysis patient care problems were applied at three Swedish hospitals. The philosophers were instructed to promote mutual understanding and stimulate ethical reflection, without giving any recommendations or solutions. Interviews with seven doctors and 11 nurses were conducted regarding their experiences from the rounds, which were then analysed using content analysis. Findings: The goal of the rounds was partly (...)
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  19.  25
    Gesture offers insight into problem‐solving in adults and children.Philip Garber & Susan Goldin-Meadow - 2002 - Cognitive Science 26 (6):817-831.
    When asked to explain their solutions to a problem, both adults and children gesture as they talk. These gestures at times convey information that is not conveyed in speech and thus reveal thoughts that are distinct from those revealed in speech. In this study, we use the classic Tower of Hanoi puzzle to validate the claim that gesture and speech taken together can reflect the activation of two cognitive strategies within a single response. The Tower of Hanoi is a well‐studied (...)
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  20. Incubation, insight, and creative problem solving: A unified theory and a connectionist model.Ron Sun - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (3):994-1024.
    This article proposes a unified framework for understanding creative problem solving, namely, the explicit–implicit interaction theory. This new theory of creative problem solving constitutes an attempt at providing a more unified explanation of relevant phenomena (in part by reinterpreting/integrating various fragmentary existing theories of incubation and insight). The explicit–implicit interaction theory relies mainly on 5 basic principles, namely, (a) the coexistence of and the difference between explicit and implicit knowledge, (b) the simultaneous involvement of implicit and explicit processes in (...)
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  21.  9
    Insightful thinking: Cognitive dynamics and material artifacts.Evridiki Fioratou & Stephen J. Cowley - 2009 - Pragmatics and Cognition 17 (3):549-572.
    We trace how cognition arises beyond the skin. Experimental work on insight problem solving is used to examine how external artifacts can be used to reach the goal of assembling a ‘cheap necklace’. Instead of asking how insight occurs ‘in the head’, our participants in Experiment 1 can either draw solution attempts or manipulate real objects. Even though performance with real chain links is significantly more successful than on paper, access to objects does not make this insight (...)
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  22.  36
    Kant’s Theory of Action (review).Lara Denis - 2010 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 48 (4):533-535.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Kant’s Theory of ActionLara DenisRichard McCarty. Kant’s Theory of Action. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Pp. xxiv + 250. Cloth, $74.00.This significant, stimulating contribution to Kantian practical philosophy strives to interpret Kant’s theory of action in ways that will increase readers’ understanding and appreciation of Kant’s moral theory. Its thesis is that Kant combines metaphysical freedom and psychological determinism: our actions within the phenomenal world (...)
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  23.  22
    Problem solving of magic tricks: guiding to and through an impasse with solution cues.Judit Pétervári & Amory H. Danek - 2019 - Thinking and Reasoning 26 (4):502-533.
    This study investigated how problem solvers get into and out of a state of impasse while solving difficult problems. 47 participants had to decipher the secret method behind 33 magic tricks while r...
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  24.  6
    Problems and countermeasures associated with intercultural adaptation in international education according to the communication action theory model.Yanjin Liu, Yun Song & Yun Yan - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Due to the development of the Chinese economy, the consolidation of national power worldwide, and the increasing frequency of economic and cultural exchanges with foreign countries, the number of people from various countries who travel to China to engage in exchanges has increased significantly. Given the development of economic globalization, the acceleration of the process of educational internationalization represents a general trend in higher education development and a common requirement for universities. In addition to education, international students also experience cross-cultural (...)
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  25.  39
    Understanding Ill-Structured Engineering Ethics Problems Through a Collaborative Learning and Argument Visualization Approach.Michael Hoffmann & Jason Borenstein - 2014 - Science and Engineering Ethics 20 (1):261-276.
    As a committee of the National Academy of Engineering recognized, ethics education should foster the ability of students to analyze complex decision situations and ill-structured problems. Building on the NAE’s insights, we report about an innovative teaching approach that has two main features: first, it places the emphasis on deliberation and on self-directed, problem-based learning in small groups of students; and second, it focuses on understanding ill-structured problems. The first innovation is motivated by an abundance of scholarly research that supports (...)
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  26.  19
    Problem Solving: Cognitive Mechanisms and Formal Models.Zygmunt Pizlo - 2022 - Cambridge University Press.
    Intelligent mental representations of physical, cognitive and social environments allow humans to navigate enormous search spaces, whose sizes vastly exceed the number of neurons in the human brain. This allows us to solve a wide range of problems, such as the Traveling Salesperson Problem, insight problems, as well as mathematics and physics problems. As an area of research, problem solving has steadily grown over time. Researchers in Artificial Intelligence have been formulating theories of problem solving for the last 70 (...)
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  27.  16
    Commons Organizing: Embedding Common Good and Institutions for Collective Action. Insights from Ethics and Economics.Laura Albareda & Alejo Jose G. Sison - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 166 (4):727-743.
    In recent years, business ethics and economic scholars have been paying greater attention to the development of commons organizing. The latter refers to the processes by which communities of people work in common in the pursuit of the common good. In turn, this promotes commons organizational designs based on collective forms of common goods production, distribution, management and ownership. In this paper, we build on two main literature streams: the ethical approach based on the theory of the common good of (...)
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  28.  6
    The Intersection of Medicine and Religion.John C. Dormois - 2014 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 4 (3):196-199.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Intersection of Medicine and ReligionJohn C. DormoisThe practice of medicine offers a host of rewards to the practitioner. Besides the obvious intellectual satisfaction of solving a difficult diagnostic problem or the ability to make a comfortable living, I have found the greatest personal sense of moral gratification when helping [End Page 196] families negotiate the most challenging event in life: making decisions at end of life. Whether the (...)
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  29.  29
    Insightful thinking: cognitive dynamics and material artifacts.Evridiki Fioratou & Stephen J. Cowley - 2009 - Pragmatics and Cognition 17 (3):549-572.
    We trace how cognition arises beyond the skin. Experimental work on insight problem solving is used to examine how external artifacts can be used to reach the goal of assembling a `cheap necklace'. Instead of asking how insight occurs `in the head', our participants in Experiment 1 can either draw solution attempts or manipulate real objects . Even though performance with real chain links is significantly more successful than on paper, access to objects does not make this (...) problem simple: objects themselves do not shape cognition. This challenges extended mind views. While failure often results from the inappropriate application of hill-climbing, material artifacts can trigger solutions. In Experiment 2, we used `open link' conditions of the concretized problem to prompt participants to act . Solutions arrived via insight, serendipity, or trial-and-error. By investigating how objects are used, we show that they do more than supplement neural events. Rather, participants monitor and anticipate the effects of action within an organism-environment system. By analogy, language too draws on experience of monitoring real-time effects as bodily dynamics play out in a normative and cultural world. In engaging with public language, it is likely that verbal patterns function by constraining anticipatory cognitive processes. (shrink)
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  30.  49
    Solving the Interface Problem Without Translation: The Same Format Thesis.Gabriele Ferretti & Silvano Zipoli Caiani - 2018 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 100 (1):301-333.
    In this article, we propose a new account concerning the interlock between intentions and motor representations (henceforth: MRs), showing that the interface problem is not as deep as previously proposed. Before discussing our view, in the first section we report the ideas developed in the literature by those who have tried to solve this puzzle before us. The article proceeds as follows. In Sections 2 and 3, we address the views by Butterfill and Sinigaglia, and Mylopoulos and Pacherie, respectively, and (...)
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  31.  12
    Integrating interdisciplinary problem solving through process.Brian Hepburn & Henrik Thorén - unknown
    An intuitive and appealing way to characterize problem solving is as the application of constraints which reduce the problem-solution space. Any advantage offered by interdisciplinary problem solving would then plausi- bly derive from the integration of constraints from the fields involved. We propose an account of interdisciplinary problem solving which treats the integration of constraints as an iterative process. Appealing to a general- ization of entity-activity dualism from mechanical explanation, we extend the accounts of Bechtel and of Craver to non-hierarchical, (...)
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  32.  12
    When the Solution Is on the Doorstep: Better Solving Performance, but Diminished Aha! Experience for Chess Experts on the Mutilated Checkerboard Problem.Merim Bilalić, Mario Graf, Nemanja Vaci & Amory H. Danek - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (8):e12771.
    Insight problems are difficult because the initially activated knowledge hinders successful solving. The crucial information needed for a solution is often so far removed that gaining access to it through restructuring leads to the subjective experience of “Aha!”. Although this assumption is shared by most insight theories, there is little empirical evidence for the connection between the necessity of restructuring an incorrect problem representation and the Aha! experience. Here, we demonstrate a rare case where previous knowledge facilitates (...)
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  33.  35
    Problem-Solving, Research Traditions, and the Development of Scientific Fields.Henry Frankel - 1980 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1980:29 - 40.
    The general thesis that science is essentially a problem-solving activity is extended to the development of new fields. Their development represents a research strategy for generating and solving new unsolved problems and solving existing ones in related fields. The pattern of growth of new fields is guided by the central problems within the field and applicable problems in other fields. Proponents of existing research traditions welcome work in new fields, if they believe it will increase the problem-solving effectiveness of their (...)
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  34.  22
    Incubation, insight, and creative problem solving: A unified theory and a connectionist model.Sébastien Hélie & Ron Sun - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (3):994-1024.
  35.  13
    Collaborative Problem Solving: Processing Actions, Time, and Performance.Paul De Boeck & Kathleen Scalise - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  36.  39
    Learning Problem‐Solving Rules as Search Through a Hypothesis Space.Hee Seung Lee, Shawn Betts & John R. Anderson - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (5):1036-1079.
    Learning to solve a class of problems can be characterized as a search through a space of hypotheses about the rules for solving these problems. A series of four experiments studied how different learning conditions affected the search among hypotheses about the solution rule for a simple computational problem. Experiment 1 showed that a problem property such as computational difficulty of the rules biased the search process and so affected learning. Experiment 2 examined the impact of examples as instructional (...)
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  37.  49
    Interactive insight problem solving.Anna Weller, Gaëlle Villejoubert & Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau - 2011 - Thinking and Reasoning 17 (4):424 - 439.
    Insight problem solving was investigated with the matchstick algebra problems developed by Knoblich, Ohlsson, Haider, and Rhenius (1999). These problems are false equations expressed with Roman numerals that can be made true bymoving one matchstick. In a first group participants examined a static two-dimensional representation of the false algebraic expression and told the experimenter which matchstick should be moved. In a second group, participants interacted with a three-dimensional representation of the false equation. Success rates in the static group for (...)
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  38.  19
    Problem of Truth and Reality.Chintamani Malviya - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 53:191-203.
    Problem of truth and reality is age old in the field of philosophy as well as in the field of science. People very often confuse between ‘Truth’ and ‘Reality’ Most people think them to be one and the same, but there are differences. Whatever exist is real, reality and existence are interchangeable words. We can say truth, which is unchangeable and reality, which exist but change. False, which is not exist at all. People have suggested various taste to decide the (...)
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  39.  38
    Non-Identity: Solving the Waiver Problem for Future People’s Rights.Rudolf Schuessler - 2016 - Law and Philosophy 35 (1):87-105.
    In a familiar interpretation, the Non-Identity Problem claims that persons whose existence depends on a seemingly harmful action cannot in fact be harmed through such an action. It is often objected that the persons in question can nevertheless be wronged through a violation of their rights. However, this objection seems to fail because these persons would readily waive any violated right in order to come into existence. The present article will analyze this Waiver Counter Argument in (...)
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  40.  14
    Insight problem solving ability predicts reduced susceptibility to fake news, bullshit, and overclaiming.Carola Salvi, Nathaniel Barr, Joseph E. Dunsmoor & Jordan Grafman - 2023 - Thinking and Reasoning 29 (4):760-784.
    1. False information takes many shapes. While misinformation has long been a feature of conveying the human experience to others, the rise of the internet and social media has created conditions in...
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  41.  25
    Independent voices, social insight, and action: An analysis of a social action project.Shira Eve Epstein - 2013 - Journal of Social Studies Research 37 (3):123-136.
    Social action projects provide opportunities for students to practice civic skills by learning about pressing social issues and taking action to address them. So to explore the texture of such projects, this paper illustrates how the pedagogy guiding them can support students to experience their agency as individuals, develop their knowledge of their broader social contexts, and provide opportunities for action. While the value of a relationship between individual agency, social knowledge, and action are richly described (...)
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  42.  9
    The Demands of Performance Generating Systems on Executive Functions: Effects and Mediating Processes.Pil Hansen, Emma A. Climie & Robert J. Oxoby - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:536752.
    Performance Generating Systems (PGS) are rule- and task-based approaches to improvisation on stage in theatre, dance, and music. These systems require performers to draw on predefined source materials (texts, scores, memories) while working on complex tasks within limiting rules. An interdisciplinary research team at a large Western Canadian university hypothesized that learning to sustain this praxis over the duration of a performance places high demands on executive functions; demands that may improve the performers’ executive abilities. These performers need to continuously (...)
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  43.  20
    The triple problem displacement: Climate change and the politics of the Great Acceleration.Peter Wagner - 2023 - European Journal of Social Theory 26 (1):24-47.
    Climate change is one of the greatest challenges that human societies have ever faced. After a late start, it is by now rather intensely debated and analysed also in the social sciences and humanities, though mostly through overly generic explanations in terms of an instrumental relation to nature, of capitalist expansion drives or of the human longing for comfort. In contrast, this article concentrates on the socio-political transformations since the middle of the 20th century, which have been referred to (...)
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  44.  11
    Problem Solving, Working Backwards, and Graphic Proof Representation.Marvin J. Croy - 2000 - Teaching Philosophy 23 (2):169-187.
    Rather than being random deviation, student errors can be a source of insight into the nature of student difficulties. This paper reports on (and offers pedagogical advice concerning) many common student errors in the construction of proofs, in the application of inference and replacement rules, and in the choice of proof strategies. In addition, a detailed description of the bottom-up strategy for “working backwards” is supplied, along with a discussion of the main difficulties students face when trying to solve (...)
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  45.  13
    Problem solving by men and mammals.A. H. Martin - 1932 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 10 (4):243 – 258.
    There are two opposed theories which attempt to account for the processes of problem solution involved in learning and intelligence. The former is neural in its basis and postulates the existence of a bare connection as a bonding or linkage of two experiences. The second theory, that of gestalt, implies that learning or apprehension involves a relationship of the parts of the experience to each other as well as to the whole. While these psychological schools are exclusive of and opposed (...)
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  46.  65
    Ethical Review of Action Research: The Challenges for Researchers and Research Ethics Committees.Leslie Gelling & Carol Munn-Giddings - 2011 - Research Ethics 7 (3):100-106.
    Action research has repeatedly demonstrated how it can facilitate problem solving and change in many settings through a process of collaboration which is driven by the community at the heart of the research. The ethical review of action research can be challenging for action researchers and research ethics committees. This paper explores how seven ethical principles can be used by action researchers and research ethics committees as the basis for ethical review. This paper concludes by (...)
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  47.  10
    Expertise overcomes impasse to yield far transfer and insight in problem-solving.Thomas C. Ormerod & Harriet Gross - 2024 - Thinking and Reasoning 30 (1):24-48.
    Sources of difficulty in insight problem-solving have been identified, but current theories are less successful at explaining discovery of solution ideas. Here, we explore the role of expertise in promoting insight. In Experiment 1, experienced designers and financiers solved visual and verbal problems. Expertise did not influence solution rates for verbal problems, but designers solved more visual problems than financiers, despite similar incorrect initial attempts. In Experiment 2, experienced and novice designers attempted problems either unconstrained, prevented from drawing, (...)
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    Habitual Actions, Propositional Knowledge, Motor Representations and Intentionality.Gabriele Ferretti & Silvano Zipoli Caiani - 2021 - Topoi 40 (3):623-635.
    Habitual actions have a history of practice and repetition that frees us from attending to what we are doing. Nevertheless, habitual actions seem to be intentional. What does account for the intentionality of habitual actions if they are automatically performed and controlled? In this paper, we address a possible response to a particular version of this issue, that is, the problem of understanding how the intention to execute a habitual action, which comes in a propositional format, interlocks with motor (...)
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  49.  49
    When distraction helps: Evidence that concurrent articulation and irrelevant speech can facilitate insight problem solving.Linden J. Ball, John E. Marsh, Damien Litchfield, Rebecca L. Cook & Natalie Booth - 2015 - Thinking and Reasoning 21 (1):76-96.
    We report an experiment investigating the “special-process” theory of insight problem solving, which claims that insight arises from non-conscious, non-reportable processes that enable problem re-structuring. We predicted that reducing opportunities for speech-based processing during insight problem solving should permit special processes to function more effectively and gain conscious awareness, thereby facilitating insight. We distracted speech-based processing by using either articulatory suppression or irrelevant speech, with findings for these conditions supporting the predicted insight facilitation effect relative (...)
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  50.  71
    Integrating Care Ethics and Design Thinking.Maurice Hamington - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 155 (1):91-103.
    This article explores the integration of the seemingly disparate notions of care ethics and design thinking. The business community has adapted “design thinking” from engineering and architecture to facilitate innovation and problem solving through participatory processes. “Care ethics” is a relational approach to morality characterized by a concern for context, empathy, and action. Although design thinking is receiving significant attention and application in business practices, care ethics has only achieved limited traction among business ethicists in academia. “Caring design” (...)
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