Results for 'SCIENCE Astrophysics.'

990 found
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  1.  31
    Astrophysics and creation: Perceiving the universe through science and participation.Arnold O. Benz - 2017 - Zygon 52 (1):186-195.
    I explore how the notion of divine creation could be made understandable in a worldview dominated by empirical science. The crucial question concerns the empirical basis of belief in creation. Astronomical observations have changed our worldview in an exemplary manner. I show by an example from imaginative literature that human beings can perceive stars by means other than astronomical observation. This alternative mode may be described as “participatory perception,” in which a human experiences the world not by objectifying separation (...)
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  2.  15
    Astrophysics and creation: perceiving the universe through science and participation.Arnold Benz - 2018 - New York: Crossroad Publishing Company.
    While written by a prominent and active scientist, this book is based on personal experience and biblical theology. It doesn't try to derive God s existence from science and it's critical of scientific inferences on the notion of God (Natural Theology). Cosmic fine-tuning and other coincidences are no proof of God, but are amazing, astounding and will never be fully explained. Amazement is the appropriate emotional perception of reality. The objective world is not a matter of course and may (...)
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  3. Divergent Perspectives on Expert Disagreement: Preliminary Evidence from Climate Science, Climate Policy, Astrophysics, and Public Opinion.James R. Beebe, Maria Baghramian, Luke Drury & Finnur Dellsén - 2019 - Environmental Communication 13:35-50.
    We report the results of an exploratory study that examines the judgments of climate scientists, climate policy experts, astrophysicists, and non-experts (N = 3367) about the factors that contribute to the creation and persistence of disagreement within climate science and astrophysics and about how one should respond to expert disagreement. We found that, as compared to non-experts, climate experts believe that within climate science (i) there is less disagreement about climate change, (ii) methodological factors play less of a (...)
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  4.  11
    Mathematical Sciences J. L. Heilbron & Bruce R. Wheaton, Literature on the history of physics in the twentieth century. Berkeley: University of California Office for History of Science and Technology, 1981. Pp. xi + 485. No price stated. ISBN 0-918102-012-2. David De Vorkin, The history of modern astronomy and astrophysics. A selected, annotated, bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing, 1982. Pp. xxvii + 434. $65.00. ISBN 0-8240-9283-X. [REVIEW]John Hendry - 1983 - British Journal for the History of Science 16 (3):292-293.
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  5.  64
    Astrophysical Fine Tuning, Naturalism, and the Contemporary Design Argument.Mark A. Walker & Milan M. Ćirković - 2006 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 20 (3):285-307.
    Evidence for instances of astrophysical ‘fine tuning’ (or ‘coincidences’) is thought by some to lend support to the design argument (i.e. the argument that our universe has been designed by some deity). We assess some of the relevant empirical and conceptual issues. We argue that astrophysical fine tuning calls for some explanation, but this explanation need not appeal to the design argument. A clear and strict separation of the issue of anthropic fine tuning on one hand and any form of (...)
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  6. Astrophysical fine tuning, naturalism, and the contemporary design argument.Mark A. Walker & M. Milan - 2006 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 20 (3):285 – 307.
    Evidence for instances of astrophysical 'fine tuning' (or 'coincidences') is thought by some to lend support to the design argument (i.e. the argument that our universe has been designed by some deity). We assess some of the relevant empirical and conceptual issues. We argue that astrophysical fine tuning calls for some explanation, but this explanation need not appeal to the design argument. A clear and strict separation of the issue of anthropic fine tuning on one hand and any form of (...)
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  7.  13
    Laboratory Astrophysics: Lessons for Epistemology of Astrophysics.Nora Mills Boyd - 2023 - In Nora Mills Boyd, Siska De Baerdemaeker, Kevin Heng & Vera Matarese (eds.), Philosophy of Astrophysics: Stars, Simulations, and the Struggle to Determine What is Out There. Springer Verlag. pp. 2147483647-2147483647.
    Astrophysics is often cast as an observational science, devoid of traditional experiments, along with astronomy and cosmology. Yet, a thriving field of experimental research exists called laboratory astrophysics. How should we make sense of this apparent tension? I argue that approaching the epistemology of astrophysics by attending to the production of empirical data and the aims of the research better illuminates both the successes and challenges of empirical research in astrophysics than evaluating the epistemology of astrophysics according to the (...)
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  8.  75
    The Milky Way’s Supermassive Black Hole: How Good a Case Is It?: A Challenge for Astrophysics & Philosophy of Science.Andreas Eckart, Andreas Hüttemann, Claus Kiefer, Silke Britzen, Michal Zajaček, Claus Lämmerzahl, Manfred Stöckler, Monica Valencia-S., Vladimir Karas & Macarena García-Marín - 2017 - Foundations of Physics 47 (5):553-624.
    The compact and, with \ M\, very massive object located at the center of the Milky Way is currently the very best candidate for a supermassive black hole in our immediate vicinity. The strongest evidence for this is provided by measurements of stellar orbits, variable X-ray emission, and strongly variable polarized near-infrared emission from the location of the radio source Sagittarius A* in the middle of the central stellar cluster. Simultaneous near-infrared and X-ray observations of SgrA* have revealed insights into (...)
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  9.  24
    On astrophysics and superhuman performance.D. B. Lenat - 1978 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1 (1):109-110.
  10.  61
    Observations, Simulations, and Reasoning in Astrophysics.Melissa Jacquart - 2020 - Philosophy of Science 87 (5):1209-1220.
    Astrophysics faces methodological challenges as a result of being a predominantly observation-based science without access to traditional experiments. In light of these challenges, astrophysicists frequently rely on computer simulations. Using collisional ring galaxies as a case study, I argue that computer simulations play three roles in reasoning in astrophysics: (1) hypothesis testing, (2) exploring possibility space, and (3) amplifying observations.
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  11. Astrophysics, anthropology, and other imperial pursuits.Simon Schaffer - 2007 - In Jeanette Edwards, Penelope Harvey & Peter Wade (eds.), Anthropology and Science: Epistemologies in Practice. Berg. pp. 43.
  12.  9
    Idealizations in Astrophysical Computer Simulations.Melissa Jacquart & Regy-Null R. Arcadia - 2023 - In Nora Mills Boyd, Siska De Baerdemaeker, Kevin Heng & Vera Matarese (eds.), Philosophy of Astrophysics: Stars, Simulations, and the Struggle to Determine What is Out There. Springer Verlag. pp. 2147483647-2147483647.
    This chapter examines some of the philosophical literature on idealizations in science and the epistemic challenges idealizations potentially pose for astrophysical methodology, particularly its use of computer simulations. We begin by surveying philosophical literature on idealization connected to (1) kinds of idealizations deployed in science, (2) the aims of idealization in science, and (3) various strategies for de-idealization. Using collisional ring galaxy simulations as a case study, we examine how these three themes play out in the context (...)
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  13.  86
    Simplicity and Simplification in Astrophysical Modeling.Sibylle Anderl - 2018 - Philosophy of Science 85 (5):819-831.
    With the ever-growing quality of observational data in astronomy, the complexity of astrophysical models has been increasing in turn. This trend raises the question: Are there still reasons to prefer simpler models if the final goal is an actual model-target comparison? I argue for two aspects in which astrophysical research may favor models having reduced complexity: first, to address the problem of determining the values of adjustable parameters and, second, to pave the way for a validation of the model based (...)
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  14.  71
    Nested modalities in astrophysical modeling.Elena Castellani & Giulia Schettino - 2023 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 13 (1):1-20.
    In the context of astrophysical modeling at the solar system scale, we investigate the modalities implied by taking into account different levels of detail at which phenomena can be considered. In particular, by framing the analysis in terms of the how-possibly/how-actually distinction, we address the debated question as to whether the degree of plausibility is tightly linked to the degree of detail. On the grounds of concrete examples, we argue that, also in the astrophysical context examined, this is not necessarily (...)
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  15. Aristotle’s Astrophysics.Lindsay Judson - 2015 - In Brad Inwood (ed.), Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy: Volume 49. Oxford University Press UK.
    Aristotle usually has an extremely bad reputation as a physicist among scientists and historians of science. Central to this is the treatment of his version of the geocentric conception of the cosmos, according to which the earth is at the centre of the cosmos and does not move, and which was the dominant picture in antiquity and throughout the middle ages. Aristotle’s view is commonly regarded as a pernicious influence on the course of cosmology until the Renaissance, one which (...)
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  16. Dark Matters in Contemporary Astrophysics: A Case Study in Theory Choice and Evidential Reasoning.William L. Vanderburgh - 2001 - Dissertation, The University of Western Ontario (Canada)
    This dissertation examines the dynamical dark matter problem in twentieth century astrophysics from the point of view of History and Philosophy of Science. The dynamical dark matter problem describes the situation astronomers find themselves in with regard to the dynamics of large scale astrophysical systems such as galaxies and galaxy clusters: The observed motions are incompatible with the visible distribution matter given the accepted law of gravitation. This discrepancy has two classes of possible solutions: either there exists copious amounts (...)
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  17.  69
    Fictions, Conditionals, and Stellar Astrophysics.Mauricio Suárez - 2013 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 27 (3):235-252.
    This article argues in favour of an inferential role for fictions in scientific modelling. The argument proceeds by means of a detailed case study, namely models of the internal structure of stars in stellar astrophysics. The main assumptions in such models are described, and it is argued that they are best understood as useful fictions. The role that conditionals play in these models is explained, and it is argued that fictional assumptions play an important role as either background or antecedent (...)
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  18.  37
    So simple a thing as a star: the Eddington–Jeans debate over astrophysical phenomenology.Matthew Stanley - 2007 - British Journal for the History of Science 40 (1):53-82.
    Theoretical astrophysics emerged as a significant research programme with the construction of a series of stellar models by A. S. Eddington. This paper examines the controversies surrounding those models as a way of understanding the development and justification of new theoretical technologies. In particular, it examines the challenges raised against Eddington by James Jeans, and explores how the two astronomers championed different visions of what it meant to do science. Jeans argued for a scientific method based on certainty and (...)
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  19.  2
    François Arago: A 19th Century French Humanist and Pioneer in Astrophysics.James Lequeux - 2016 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    François Arago, the first to show in 1810 that the surface of the Sun and stars is made of incandescent gas and not solid or liquid, was a prominent physicist of the 19th century. He used his considerable influence to help Fresnel, Ampere and others develop their ideas and make themselves known. This book covers his personal contributions to physics, astronomy, geodesy and oceanography, which are far from negligible, but insufficiently known. Arago was also an important and influential political man (...)
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  20.  24
    Edward C. Pickering, the Henry Draper Memorial, and the beginnings of astrophysics in America.Howard Plotkin - 1978 - Annals of Science 35 (4):365-377.
    (1978). Edward C. Pickering, the Henry Draper Memorial, and the beginnings of astrophysics in America. Annals of Science: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 365-377.
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  21. The revenge of Pythagoras: How a mathematical sharp practice undermines the contemporary design argument in astrophysical cosmology.Robert Klee - 2002 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 53 (3):331-354.
    Recent developments in astrophysical cosmology have revived support for the design argument among a growing clique of astrophysicists. I show that the scientific/mathematical evidence cited in support of intelligent design of the universe is infected with a mathematical sharp practice: the concepts of two numbers being of the same order of magnitude, and of being within an order of each other, have been stretched from their proper meanings so as to doctor the numbers evidentially. This practice started with A. S. (...)
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  22.  76
    The dark matter double bind: Astrophysical aspects of the evidential warrant for general relativity.William L. Vanderburgh - 2003 - Philosophy of Science 70 (4):812-832.
    The dark matter problem in astrophysics exposes an underappreciated weakness in the evidential warrant for General Relativity (GR). The "dark matter double bind" entails that GR gets no differential evidential support from dynamical phenomena occurring at scales larger than our solar system, as compared to members of a significant class of rival gravitation theories. These rivals are each empirically indistinguishable from GR for phenomena taking place at solar system scales, but make predictions that may differ radically from GR's at larger (...)
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  23.  52
    The Methodological Value of Coincidences: Further Remarks on Dark Matter and the Astrophysical Warrant for General Relativity.William L. Vanderburgh - 2005 - Philosophy of Science 72 (5):1324-1335.
    This paper compares four techniques for measuring the masses of galaxies and larger astrophysical systems from their dynamics. The apparent agreement of these techniques is sometimes invoked as reason for hypothesizing the existence of huge quantities of “dark matter” as the best solution to “the dynamical discrepancy”, the 100-fold disparity between the amount of mass visible in large scale astrophysical systems and the amount calculated from dynamics. This paper argues that the agreement, though suggestive, is not definitive. The coincident measurements (...)
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  24.  13
    Theory Testing in Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics.Jamee Elder - 2023 - In Nora Mills Boyd, Siska De Baerdemaeker, Kevin Heng & Vera Matarese (eds.), Philosophy of Astrophysics: Stars, Simulations, and the Struggle to Determine What is Out There. Springer Verlag. pp. 2147483647-2147483647.
    The LIGO-Virgo Collaboration achieved the first ‘direct detection’ of gravitational waves in 2015, opening a new “window” for observing the universe. Since this first detection (‘GW150914’), dozens of detections have followed, mostly produced by binary black hole mergers. However, the theory-ladenness of the LIGO-Virgo methods for observing these events leads to a potentially-vicious circularity, where general relativistic assumptions may serve to mask phenomena that are inconsistent with general relativity (GR). Under such circumstances, the fact that GR can ‘save the phenomena’ (...)
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  25.  86
    Review of Owen Gingerich: Astrophysics and twentieth-century astronomy to 1950, The General History of Astronomy, Vol. 4A[REVIEW]Derek J. Raine - 1986 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37 (4):510-513.
  26.  14
    Creating Convincing Simulations in Astrophysics. [REVIEW]Mikaela Sundberg - 2012 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 37 (1):64-87.
    Numerical simulations have come to be widely used in scientific work. Like experiments, simulations generate large quantities of numbers that require analysis and constant concern with uncertainty and error. How do simulationists convince themselves, and others, about the credibility of output? The present analysis reconstructs the perspectives related to performing numerical simulations, in general, and the situations in which simulationists deal with uncertain output, in particular. Starting from a distinction between idealized and realistic simulations, the paper presents the principal methods (...)
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  27.  46
    Cognitive and Social Structure of the Elite Collaboration Network of Astrophysics: A Case Study on Shifting Network Structures. [REVIEW]Richard Heidler - 2011 - Minerva 49 (4):461-488.
    Scientific collaboration can only be understood along the epistemic and cognitive grounding of scientific disciplines. New scientific discoveries in astrophysics led to a major restructuring of the elite network of astrophysics. To study the interplay of the epistemic grounding and the social network structure of a discipline, a mixed-methods approach is necessary. It combines scientometrics, quantitative network analysis and visualization tools with a qualitative network analysis approach. The centre of the international collaboration network of astrophysics is demarcated by identifying the (...)
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  28.  97
    Cultures of simulations vs. cultures of calculations? The development of simulation practices in meteorology and astrophysics.Mikaela Sundberg - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 41 (3):273-281.
  29.  8
    Cultures of simulations vs. cultures of calculations? The development of simulation practices in meteorology and astrophysics.Mikaela Sundberg - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 41 (3):273-281.
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  30.  23
    Review of Owen Gingerich: Astrophysics and twentieth-century astronomy to 1950, The General History of Astronomy, Vol. 4A[REVIEW]Owen Gingerich - 1986 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37 (4):510-513.
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  31.  78
    Working Toward Solutions in Fluid Dynamics and Astrophysics: What the Equations Don’t Say.Lydia Patton & Erik Curiel (eds.) - 2023 - Springer Verlag.
    Systems of differential equations are used to describe, model, explain, and predict states of physical systems. Experimental and theoretical branches of physics including general relativity, climate science, and particle physics have differential equations at their center. Direct solutions to differential equations are not available in many domains, which spurs on the use of creative mathematics and simulated solutions.
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  32.  13
    Yervant Terzian and Elizabeth M. Bilson, eds., Cosmology and Astrophysics.Jacques Merleau Ponty - 1986 - Revue d'Histoire des Sciences 39 (3):286-287.
  33.  27
    Notes on the Methodology and Evolution of Physics and Astrophysics.V. L. Ginzburg - 1981 - Russian Studies in Philosophy 20 (1):40-82.
    Work on the methodology of natural science involves serious difficulties over and above those encountered in any other aspect of natural science or of philosophy. Reference is to the obvious fact that in discussing methodological questions of, for example, physics, so as to be precise, it is not enough to know physics: it is also necessary to familiarize oneself with certain branches of philosophy, the history of science, and so forth. Furthermore, a professional cannot limit himself to (...)
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  34.  7
    Independent evidence in multi-messenger astrophysics.Jamee Elder - 2024 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 104 (C):119-129.
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  35. Methods and systematic reflections.Indications of Creation in Contemporary Astrophysics - 2001 - Ultimate Reality and Meaning 24:209.
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  36.  20
    A Source Book In Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1900-1975 ed. by Kenneth R. Lang and Owen Gingerich.Robert W. Smith - 1981 - History of Science 19:3.
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  37.  10
    Essay Review: Modern Astronomy: A Source Book in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1900–1975A Source Book in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1900–1975. Ed. by LangKenneth R. and GingerichOwen . Pp. 922. £30.Robert W. Smith - 1981 - History of Science 19 (4):306-307.
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  38.  18
    Essay Review: Herschel's Cosmology: William Herschel and the Construction of the HeavensWilliam Herschel and the Construction of the Heavens. HoskinM. A., with astrophysical notes by DewhirstD. W. . Pp. 199. 35s.B. Sticker - 1964 - History of Science 3 (1):91-101.
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  39.  15
    Practical Mystic: Religion, Science, and A. S. Eddington.Matthew Stanley - 2007 - University Of Chicago Press.
    Science and religion have long been thought incompatible. But nowhere has this apparent contradiction been more fully resolved than in the figure of A. S. Eddington (1882–1944), a pioneer in astrophysics, relativity, and the popularization of science, and a devout Quaker. Practical Mystic uses the figure of Eddington to shows how religious and scientific values can interact and overlap without compromising the integrity of either. Eddington was a world-class scientist who not only maintained his religious belief throughout his (...)
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  40.  16
    Donald E. Osterbrock. James E. Keeler: Pioneer American Astrophysicist and the Early Development of American Astrophysics. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1985. Pp. xii + 411. ISBN 0-521-26582-7. £35.00. [REVIEW]Karl Hufbauer - 1986 - British Journal for the History of Science 19 (3):350-351.
  41.  8
    Mere Creation: Science, Faith Intelligent Design.William A. Dembski - 1998 - InterVarsity Press.
    In this book a team of expert academics trained in mathematics, engineering, philosophy, physical anthropology, physics, astrophysics, biology and more investigate the prospects for intelligent design. Edited by William Dembski.
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  42.  23
    Rene Taton and Curtis Wilson , The General History of Astronomy, Volume 2. Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics. Part B: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xiii+281. ISBN 0-521-35168-5. £45.00, $69.95. [REVIEW]Mari Williams - 1997 - British Journal for the History of Science 30 (1):101-121.
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  43.  22
    R. Taton and C. Wilson . Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics. Part A: Tycho Brahe to Newton. The General History of Astronomy, Vol. 2. General Editor, Michael Hoskin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. X + 274 + xiv. ISBN 0-521-24254-1. £27.50, $49.50. [REVIEW]M. E. W. Williams - 1991 - British Journal for the History of Science 24 (3):377-379.
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  44.  84
    Book Review:The General History of Astronomy. Vol. 2: Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics. Part A: Tycho Brahe to Newton Rene Taton, Curtis Wilson. [REVIEW]Bernard R. Goldstein - 1992 - Philosophy of Science 59 (4):698-.
  45. "Le dialogue entre science et foi à l’épreuve de l’observation et de l’expérimentation".Philippe Gagnon & Étienne Le Coärer - 2020 - In Michel Mazoyer & Paul Mirault (eds.), Claude Tresmontant. Pour un réalisme intégral (1925-1997) « La Vérité ne fait pas violence », in series « Cahiers Disputatio » no 6. Paris: pp. 73-84.
  46. What is a mechanism? Thinking about mechanisms across the sciences.Phyllis Illari & Jon Williamson - 2012 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 2 (1):119-135.
    After a decade of intense debate about mechanisms, there is still no consensus characterization. In this paper we argue for a characterization that applies widely to mechanisms across the sciences. We examine and defend our disagreements with the major current contenders for characterizations of mechanisms. Ultimately, we indicate that the major contenders can all sign up to our characterization.
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  47. Science in Progress: Thirteenth Series. [REVIEW]P. F. K. - 1964 - Review of Metaphysics 17 (4):639-639.
    This volume includes the Sigma XI-RESA National Lectures, 1961; the Sigma XI-Phi Beta Kappa Lecture, 1961; the RESA Proctor Prize Lecture, 1960; and a special Sigma XI Diamond Jubilee presidential article. The latter three are non-technical articles on such topics as trends in and growth of science in this decade, and the interrelations of science and government. The other articles discuss recent experimental and theoretical results in such areas as climatology, magnetic interaction of atomic nuclei, the effects of (...)
     
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  48.  4
    From Stars to States: A Manifest for Science in Society.Thierry J.-L. Courvoisier - 2017 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    The aim of this essay is to understand the relationship between knowledge and society and to reflect on the links between science and political decision making. The text evolved from a number of reflections the author made while president of the European Astronomical Society, president of the Swiss Academy of Sciences and vice-president of the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC). The book starts by using astronomy as a showcase for what science brings to society in terms (...)
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  49.  29
    Big STEM collaborations should include humanities and social science.Alexandru Marcoci, Ann C. Thresher, Niels C. M. Martens, Peter Galison, Sheperd S. Doeleman & Michael D. Johnson - 2023 - Nature Human Behaviour 7:1-2.
    Correspondence in Nature Human Behaviour.
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  50.  6
    Mary Somerville and the World of Science.Allan Chapman - 2015 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    Mary Somerville (1780-1872), after whom Somerville College Oxford was named, was the first woman scientist to win an international reputation entirely in her own right, rather than through association with a scientific brother or father. She was active in astronomy, one of the most demanding areas of science of the day, and flourished in the unique British tradition of Grand Amateurs, who paid their own way and were not affiliated with any academic institution. Mary Somerville was to science (...)
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