Results for 'instance'

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  1. Index of volume 79, 2001.Stephen Buckle, Miracles Marvels, Mundane Order, Temporal Solipsism, Robert Kirk, Nonreductive Physicalism, Strict Implication, Donald Mertz Individuation, Instance Ontology & Dale E. Miller - 2001 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 79 (4):594-596.
     
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  2.  19
    A propos de la crise de 1962 au cameroun, faire de l'histoire socio-politologique: Socio-analyse et histoire analysee d'un conflit de pouvoir.D'une Crise L'analyse Historique, Politique Entre Sociologie des Circonstances Et & Sociologie des Instances - 1998 - Polis 6 (2).
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  3. Communities and Their Universities: The Challenge of Lifelong Learning.J. Elliott, H. Francis, R. Humphreys & D. Instance - 1997 - British Journal of Educational Studies 45 (2):219-220.
     
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  4. Operands and Instances.Peter Fritz - 2023 - Review of Symbolic Logic 16 (1):188-209.
    Can conjunctive propositions be identical without their conjuncts being identical? Can universally quantified propositions be identical without their instances being identical? On a common conception of propositions, on which they inherit the logical structure of the sentences which express them, the answer is negative both times. Here, it will be shown that such a negative answer to both questions is inconsistent, assuming a standard type-theoretic formalization of theorizing about propositions. The result is not specific to conjunction and universal quantification, but (...)
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  5.  56
    Instance‐based learning in dynamic decision making.Cleotilde Gonzalez, Javier F. Lerch & Christian Lebiere - 2003 - Cognitive Science 27 (4):591-635.
    This paper presents a learning theory pertinent to dynamic decision making (DDM) called instancebased learning theory (IBLT). IBLT proposes five learning mechanisms in the context of a decision‐making process: instance‐based knowledge, recognition‐based retrieval, adaptive strategies, necessity‐based choice, and feedback updates. IBLT suggests in DDM people learn with the accumulation and refinement of instances, containing the decision‐making situation, action, and utility of decisions. As decision makers interact with a dynamic task, they recognize a situation according to its similarity to past (...)
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  6.  41
    Multiple Instances and Multiple 'Instances'.D. Davies - 2010 - British Journal of Aesthetics 50 (4):411-426.
    The distinction between singular and multiple artworks is usually drawn modally in terms of the notion of an ‘instance’ of a work. Singular works, it is claimed, can only have a single instance, whereas multiple works allow of more than one instance. But this is enlightening only if we have a clear idea of what is meant by an ‘instance’. I argue that there are two different notions of a work's ‘instances’ in play in the literature (...)
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  7.  26
    An instance vs. the instance.Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii - 2009 - Minds and Machines 19 (1):117-128.
    This article argues how one problem of computing lies in realizing a significant instance given a class or type. Analysis of a case study on digital narrative suggests two general processes for instantiating significant instances: interaction and optimization. The article then explains how the problem of universals needs to be deconstructed when trying to understand what type of entities significant instances are and what the process for obtaining them is.
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  8.  33
    What Instances of Novels Are.Alexey Aliyev - 2017 - Philosophia 45 (1):163-183.
    The consensus is that novels can be fully appreciated only through an experiential engagement with their well-formed instances. But what are the entities that serve as such instances? According to the orthodox view, these entities are primarily inscriptions—concrete texts written or printed on something or displayed on the screen of some electronic device. In this paper, I argue that this view is misguided, since well-formed instances of a novel must manifest certain sonic properties, but such properties cannot be manifested by (...)
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  9. Quality instances and the structure of the concrete particular.Aaron Preston - 2005 - Axiomathes 15 (2):267-292.
    In this paper, I examine a puzzle that emerges from what J. P. Moreland has called the traditional realist view of quality instances. Briefly put, the puzzle is to figure out how quality instances fit into the overall structure of a concrete particular, given that the traditional realist view of quality instances prima facie seems incompatible with what might be called the traditional realist view of concrete particulars. After having discussed the traditional realist views involved and the puzzle that emerges (...)
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  10.  89
    (C) instances, the relevance criterion, and the paradoxes of confirmation.Phillip J. Rody - 1978 - Philosophy of Science 45 (2):289-302.
    The Relevance Criterion of confirmation gained prominence as the underlying principle of the class-size approach (CSA) to Hempel's paradoxes of confirmation. The CSA, however, yields counter-intuitive results for (c) instances, and this failing cast serious doubt on the acceptability of the Relevance Criterion. In this paper an attempt is made to rescue the Relevance Criterion from this embarrassment. This is done by incorporating that criterion into a new resolution of the paradoxes, a resolution based on a theory of selective confirmation (...)
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  11.  70
    Instance‐Based Models of Metacognition in the Prisoner's Dilemma.Christopher A. Stevens, Niels A. Taatgen & Fokie Cnossen - 2016 - Topics in Cognitive Science 8 (1):322-334.
    In this article, we examine the advantages of simple metacognitive capabilities in a repeated social dilemma. Two types of metacognitive agent were developed and compared with a non-metacognitive agent and two fixed-strategy agents. The first type of metacognitive agent takes the perspective of the opponent to anticipate the opponent's future actions and respond accordingly. The other metacognitive agent predicts the opponent's next move based on the previous moves of the agent and the opponent. The modeler agent achieves better individual outcomes (...)
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  12.  14
    Negative instances in concept learning.K. L. Smoke - 1933 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 16 (4):583.
  13.  80
    Crucial Instances and Francis Bacon’s Quest for Certainty.Schwartz Daniel - 2017 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 7 (1):130-150.
    Francis Bacon’s method of induction is often understood as a form of eliminative induction. The idea, on this interpretation, is to list the possible formal causes of a phenomenon and, by reference to a copious and reliable natural history, to falsify all of them but one. Whatever remains must be the formal cause. Bacon’s crucial instances are often seen as the crowning example of this method. In this article, I argue that this interpretation of crucial instances is mistaken, and it (...)
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  14.  31
    Instance contiguity in disjunctive concept learning.Robert C. Haygood, Jean Sandlin, Delmar J. Yoder & David H. Dodd - 1969 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 81 (3):605.
  15.  8
    Instance-based manifesto?Márk Jelasity - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (4):482-483.
    Page's definition of localism is inspired by the instance-based paradigm. However, the locality of representations is not necessary for a model to be instance-based and, on the other hand, explicit featural representations are generally considered local. The important distinction is between instance-based and noninstance-based paradigms and not between distributed and local representations as Page claims.
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  16.  32
    An instance theory of attention and memory.Gordon D. Logan - 2002 - Psychological Review 109 (2):376-400.
  17.  80
    The logic of instance ontology.D. W. Mertz - 1999 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 28 (1):81-111.
    An ontology's theory of ontic predication has implications for the concomitant predicate logic. Remarkable in its analytic power for both ontology and logic is the here developed Particularized Predicate Logic (PPL), the logic inherent in the realist version of the doctrine of unit or individuated predicates. PPL, as axiomatized and proven consistent below, is a three-sorted impredicative intensional logic with identity, having variables ranging over individuals x, intensions R, and instances of intensions $R_{i}$ . The power of PPL is illustrated (...)
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  18.  70
    Instances of cinema.Ted Nannicelli - 2017 - Projections-The Journal for Movies and Mind 11 (1):1-15.
    This article sketches a commonplace yet neglected epistemic puzzle raised by the diversity of our film-viewing practices. Because our appreciative practices allow for variability in the " instances " of cinematic works we engage, many of our experiential encounters with those works are flawed or impoverished in a number of ways. The article outlines a number of ways in which instances of cinema can vary – including, for example, in terms of color, score, and aspect ratio. This variability of instances (...)
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  19.  4
    L’instance de la lettre et la dernière instance.Étienne Balibar - 2016 - Actuel Marx 59 (1):42.
    In the 1960s and 70s, first Lacan and then Althusser invoked the category of instance, in a way which would mark what is today called the «structuralist moment» of French philosophy, profoundly influencing the discourse of those who were the disciples of both. The complex system of references to action, demand, insistence, effectivity, decision, hierarchy, which found themselves combined in the notion, proves difficult to translate into other languages, and in particular into English (which has today become the paramount (...)
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  20. Laws and their instances.Nina Emery - 2019 - Philosophical Studies 176 (6):1535-1561.
    I present an argument for the view that laws ground their instances. I then outline two important consequences that follow if we accept the conclusion of this argument. First, the claim that laws ground their instances threatens to undermine a prominent recent attempt to make sense of the explanatory power of Humean laws by distinguishing between metaphysical and scientific explanation. And second, the claim that laws ground their instances gives rise to a novel argument against the view that grounding relations (...)
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  21.  48
    Instance Based Classification for Decision Making in Network Data.Amarjit Singh, Parag Kulkarni & Shankar Lal - 2012 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 21 (2):167-193.
    . Network data analysis helps in capturing node usage behavior. Existing algorithms use reduced feature set to manage high runtime complexity. Ignoring features may increase classification errors. This paper presents a model, allowing classification of network traffic, while considering all the relevant features. Learning phase partitions training sample on values of the respective features. This creates equivalence classes related to m features. During classification, each feature value of the test instance results in picking one set from equivalence class generated (...)
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  22.  22
    Telling Instances.Catherine Z. Elgin - 2012 - Enrahonar: Quaderns de Filosofía 49:69.
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  23.  22
    Instance-based learning: Integrating sampling and repeated decisions from experience.Cleotilde Gonzalez & Varun Dutt - 2011 - Psychological Review 118 (4):523-551.
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  24.  60
    Indestructibility, instances of strong compactness, and level by level inequivalence.Arthur W. Apter - 2010 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 49 (7-8):725-741.
    Suppose λ > κ is measurable. We show that if κ is either indestructibly supercompact or indestructibly strong, then A = {δ < κ | δ is measurable, yet δ is neither δ + strongly compact nor a limit of measurable cardinals} must be unbounded in κ. The large cardinal hypothesis on λ is necessary, as we further demonstrate by constructing via forcing two models in which ${A = \emptyset}$ . The first of these contains a supercompact cardinal κ and (...)
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  25.  23
    Instances of dependent choice and the measurability of ℵω + 1.Arthur W. Apter & Menachem Magidor - 1995 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 74 (3):203-219.
    Starting from cardinals κ κ is measurable, we construct a model for the theory “ZF + n < ω[DCn] + ω + 1 is a measurable cardinal”. This is the maximum amount of dependent choice consistent with the measurability of ω + 1, and by a theorem of Shelah using p.c.f. theory, is the best result of this sort possible.
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  26.  23
    The instance theory of explanation.John Forge - 1986 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64 (2):127 – 142.
  27.  20
    Instance Reduction for Avoiding Overfitting in Decision Trees.Bayan Abu Shawar, Mohamed Habib, Khalil El Hindi, Mousa Al-Akhras & Asma’ Amro - 2021 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 30 (1):438-459.
    Decision trees learning is one of the most practical classification methods in machine learning, which is used for approximating discrete-valued target functions. However, they may overfit the training data, which limits their ability to generalize to unseen instances. In this study, we investigated the use of instance reduction techniques to smooth the decision boundaries before training the decision trees. Noise filters such as ENN, RENN, and ALLKNN remove noisy instances while DROP3 and DROP5 may remove genuine instances. Extensive empirical (...)
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  28.  11
    Three Surprising Instances of Dividing.Gabriel Conant & Alex Kruckman - forthcoming - Journal of Symbolic Logic:1-20.
    We give three counterexamples to the folklore claim that in an arbitrary theory, if a complete type p over a set B does not divide over $C\subseteq B$, then no extension of p to a complete type over $\operatorname {acl}(B)$ divides over C. Two of our examples are also the first known theories where all sets are extension bases for nonforking, but forking and dividing differ for complete types (answering a question of Adler). One example is an $\mathrm {NSOP}_1$ theory (...)
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  29.  9
    Solving the multiple instance problem with axis-parallel rectangles.Thomas G. Dietterich, Richard H. Lathrop & Tomás Lozano-Pérez - 1997 - Artificial Intelligence 89 (1-2):31-71.
  30.  23
    Instance-of-object-kind representations.Sandeep Prasada & D. Geoffrey Hall - 2019 - Cognition 189 (C):209-220.
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  31. Present and Future Instances of Virtual Rape in Light of Three Categories of Legal Philosophical Theories on Rape.Litska Strikwerda - 2015 - Philosophy and Technology 28 (4):491-510.
    This paper is about the question of whether or not virtual rape should be considered a crime under current law. A virtual rape is the rape of an avatar in a virtual world. In the future, possibilities for virtual rape of a person him- or herself will arise in virtual reality environments involving a haptic device or robotics. As the title indicates, I will study both these present and future instances of virtual rape in light of three categories of legal (...)
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  32.  37
    Three instances of Church and anti-communist opposition: Hungary, Poland and Romania.Daniela Angi - 2011 - Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 10 (28):21-64.
    Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} The article analyzes the relationship between the dominant Churches from Hungary, Poland and Romania and the opposition to Communist regimes. The Churches – seen as institutional actors of civil society – are analyzed in terms of their material and symbolic resources which may act as prerequisites for the (...)
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  33. Foundational instances and attention to practices in the philosophy of contemporary mathematics.Tatiana Arrigoni - 2003 - Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica 95 (2):199-232.
     
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  34. Renegade instances.V. C. Aldrich - 1936 - Philosophy of Science 3 (4):506-514.
    Attention has been drawn, particularly since Kant, to propositions which can not have negative instances. They used to be called a priori, axioms, first principles. Today, they are usually called postulates—C. I. Lewis uses both the old and new terminology—because there is a growing recognition of the fact that at least some of them are not “necessary” in the traditional sense. Kant placed a limitation on the apriorism of the continental rationalists. Current epistemologists and logicians have outstripped Kant in the (...)
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  35.  14
    Hard instances of algorithms and proof systems.Yijia Chen, Jörg Flum & Moritz Müller - 2012 - In S. Barry Cooper (ed.), How the World Computes. pp. 118--128.
  36.  19
    Two Instances of Symbolism in the Sixth Aeneid.Margaret De G. Verrall - 1910 - The Classical Review 24 (02):43-46.
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  37.  23
    An Instance Ontology for Structures: Their Definition, Identity, and Indiscernibility.Donald W. Mertz - 2003 - Metaphysica: International Journal for Ontology and Metaphysics 4 (1):127-64.
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  38.  16
    From instance-level constraints to space-level constraints: Making the most of prior knowledge in data clustering.Dan Klein & Christopher D. Manning - unknown
    We present an improved method for clustering in the presence of very limited supervisory information, given as pairwise instance constraints. By allowing instance-level constraints to have spacelevel inductive implications, we are able to successfully incorporate constraints for a wide range of data set types. Our method greatly improves on the previously studied constrained -means algorithm, generally requiring less than half as many constraints to achieve a given accuracy on a range of real-world data, while also being more robust (...)
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  39. Instances of ethics in comparative-law.C. Byk - 1990 - Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie 88:215-230.
     
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  40. Les instances d'éthique en droit comparé.Christian Byk - 1990 - Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie 88:215-230.
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  41.  14
    Dynamic instances of interaction.Christina Ljungberg - 2010 - Sign Systems Studies 38 (1/4):270-296.
    According to C. S. Peirce, resemblance or similarity is the basis for the relationship of iconic signs to their dynamical objects. But what is the basis of resemblance or similarity itself and how is the phenomenon of iconicity generated? How does it function in cultural practices and processes by which various forms of signs are generated (say, for example, the cartographical procedures by which maps are drawn, more generally, the diagrammatic ones by which networks of relationships are iconically represented)? To (...)
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  42.  15
    Dynamic instances of interaction.Christina Ljungberg - 2010 - Sign Systems Studies 38 (1/4):270-296.
    According to C. S. Peirce, resemblance or similarity is the basis for the relationship of iconic signs to their dynamical objects. But what is the basis of resemblance or similarity itself and how is the phenomenon of iconicity generated? How does it function in cultural practices and processes by which various forms of signs are generated (say, for example, the cartographical procedures by which maps are drawn, more generally, the diagrammatic ones by which networks of relationships are iconically represented)? To (...)
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  43.  4
    Ostensive Instances in Language Learning.Earl R. Maccormac - 1971 - Foundations of Language 7 (2):199-210.
  44. Maximally Consistent Sets of Instances of Naive Comprehension.Luca Incurvati & Julien Murzi - 2017 - Mind 126 (502).
    Paul Horwich (1990) once suggested restricting the T-Schema to the maximally consistent set of its instances. But Vann McGee (1992) proved that there are multiple incompatible such sets, none of which, given minimal assumptions, is recursively axiomatizable. The analogous view for set theory---that Naïve Comprehension should be restricted according to consistency maxims---has recently been defended by Laurence Goldstein (2006; 2013). It can be traced back to W.V.O. Quine(1951), who held that Naïve Comprehension embodies the only really intuitive conception of set (...)
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  45. Toward an Instance Theory of Automatization.G. D. Logan - 1987 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 25 (5):342-342.
  46. Dynamic instances of interaction.Christina Ljungberg - 2010 - Sign Systems Studies 38 (1-4):270-296.
    According to C. S. Peirce, resemblance or similarity is the basis for the relationship of iconic signs to their dynamical objects. But what is the basis of resemblance or similarity itself and how is the phenomenon of iconicity generated? How does it function in cultural practices and processes by which various forms of signs are generated (say, for example, the cartographical procedures by which maps are drawn, more generally, the diagrammatic ones by which networks of relationships are iconically represented)? To (...)
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  47.  20
    Category dominance, instance dominance, and categorization time.Elizabeth F. Loftus - 1973 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 97 (1):70.
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  48.  23
    Instance Management Problems in the Role Model of Hozo.Kouji Kozaki, Satoshi Endo & Riichiro Mizoguchi - 2008 - In Tu-Bao Ho & Zhi-Hua Zhou (eds.), PRICAI 2008: Trends in Artificial Intelligence. Springer. pp. 614--625.
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  49.  16
    Relation instances and musical sounds.John W. Lango - 2000 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 78 (2):176 – 188.
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  50.  55
    On Instances.E. D. Phillips - 1934 - Analysis 1 (4):60 - 61.
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