This study deals with the transformations of a number of topics of Aristotelian political philosophy provoked by their crossing with the Augustinian interpretation of Christian doctrine, promoted by Thomas Aquinas in his Treatise on the Kingdom. The following is a review of the place of the universality of politics in Aquinas’s text, which in Aristotle’s philosophy was linked to political naturalism and that in Thomist reception seems to tend towards a supernatural and divine scenario. In order to evaluate this conjecture (...) we will refer to the causes and ends attributed by Thomas to the dominion of man over man, trying to recognize the place occupied by political virtue in this approach. The proposed hypothesis is that Thomas’s characterization of the political model of the kingdom implies a bifurcation in the end to which the political community aims, all of which would propitiate the de-universalization of politics itself. (shrink)

Se ofrece una caracterización de los abordajes sofístico y filosófico de la política y, posteriormente, se describen ciertas perspectivas contemporáneas de conceptualización y acción política, con el propósito de señalar las coincidencias y paralelismos entre estas y los modelos clásicos sugeridos. Este ejercicio propende por analizar las consecuencias de la actualización que algunos autores contemporáneos han hecho, por un lado, del criterio relativista apropiado por la figura del sofista y, por otro, del juicio universalista adoptado por la contrafigura del filósofo, (...) para evaluar la procedencia de una hipótesis según la cual el relativismo gestado en la tradición sofista tiene un lugar protagónico y dominante en la cultura política de nuestra época. (shrink)

Effective corporate social responsibility policies are a requirement for today's companies. Policies have not only to be formulated, they also have to be delivered by corporate employees. This paper uses existing research findings to identify two types of factors that may impact on employee motivation and commitment to CSR ‘buy-in’. The first of these is contextual: employee attitudes and behaviours will be affected by organizational culture and climate, by whether CSR policies are couched in terms of compliance or in terms (...) of values, and by whether such policies are integrated into business processes or simply an ‘add-on’ that serves as window-dressing. The second set of factors is perceptual. Motivation and commitment will be affected by the extent to which they can align personal identity and image with that of the organization, by their perceptions of justice and fairness both in general and in terms of how CSR performance is rewarded, and by their impressions concerning the attitude of top management to CSR issues and performance. (shrink)

Effective corporate social responsibility policies are a requirement for today's companies. Policies have not only to be formulated, they also have to be delivered by corporate employees. This paper uses existing research findings to identify two types of factors that may impact on employee motivation and commitment to CSR ‘buy‐in’. The first of these is contextual: employee attitudes and behaviours will be affected by organizational culture and climate, by whether CSR policies are couched in terms of compliance or in terms (...) of values, and by whether such policies are integrated into business processes or simply an ‘add‐on’ that serves as window‐dressing. The second set of factors is perceptual. Motivation and commitment will be affected by the extent to which they can align personal identity and image with that of the organization, by their perceptions of justice and fairness both in general and in terms of how CSR performance is rewarded, and by their impressions concerning the attitude of top management to CSR issues and performance. (shrink)

Effective corporate social responsibility policies are a requirement for today's companies. Policies have not only to be formulated, they also have to be delivered by corporate employees. This paper uses existing research findings to identify two types of factors that may impact on employee motivation and commitment to CSR ‘buy-in’. The first of these is contextual: employee attitudes and behaviours will be affected by organizational culture and climate, by whether CSR policies are couched in terms of compliance or in terms (...) of values, and by whether such policies are integrated into business processes or simply an ‘add-on’ that serves as window-dressing. The second set of factors is perceptual. Motivation and commitment will be affected by the extent to which they can align personal identity and image with that of the organization, by their perceptions of justice and fairness both in general and in terms of how CSR performance is rewarded, and by their impressions concerning the attitude of top management to CSR issues and performance. (shrink)

Automatic control of physiological variables is one of the most active areas in biomedical engineering. This paper is centered in the prediction of the analgesic variables evolution in patients undergoing surgery. The proposal is based on the use of hybrid intelligent modelling methods. The study considers the Analgesia Nociception Index to assess the pain in the patient and remifentanil as intravenous analgesic. The model proposed is able to make a one-step-ahead prediction of the remifentanil dose corresponding to the current state (...) of the patient. The input information is the previous remifentanil dose, the ANI variable and the electromyogram signal. Modelling techniques used are Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector machines for Regression combined with clustering methods. Both training and validation were done with a real dataset from different patients. Results obtained show the potential of this methodology to calculate the drug dose corresponding to a given analgesic state of the patient. (shrink)

Las preguntas que animan el presente libro se ven atravesadas por el espíritu del tiempo de incertidumbre en el que nos encontramos, pero de manera especial por la incertidumbre misma, ajena a cualquier tiempo, encarnada en ese vínculo que ha establecido desde siempre la filosofía con la literatura. ¿Cuáles siguen siendo hoy día estas relaciones de la literatura con la filosofía? ¿De qué manera se gana o se pierde fuerza semántica con la desaparición de fronteras disciplinares precisas?Estas son algunas cuestiones (...) sobre las que reflexionan el elenco de poetas, escritores y filósofos que colaboran en el libro ofreciendo una incuestionable aportación crítica contra los distintos procesos culturales de secuestro de la palabra. (shrink)

Organizations in changing environments need to become flexible, responsive and participative. We develop an understanding of governance in these organizations by drawing analogies between organization theory and theories of non-linear dynamics. We identify freedom and creativity as driving principles in 'chaotic' participative organizations, and explore the ethics of their exercise within organizational communities of practice, communities of discernment and communities of commitment.

This work focuses on the application of machine learning techniques to assist the clinicians in the administration of analgesic drug during general anaesthesia. Specifically, the main objective is to propose the basis of an intelligent system capable of making decisions to guide the opioid dose changes based on a new nociception monitor, the analgesia nociception index. Clinical data were obtained from 15 patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery. By means of an off-line study, machine learning techniques were applied to analyse the possible (...) relationship between the analgesic dose changes performed by the physician due to the hemodynamic activity of the patients and the evolution of the ANI. After training different classifiers and testing the results under cross validation, a preliminary relationship between the evolution of ANI and the dosage of remifentanil was found. These results evidence the potential of the ANI as a promising index to guide the infusion of analgesia. (shrink)

The volume presents the proceedings of the international symposium, fruit of a common research project engaged in by 48 scholars, that took place in Rome to celebrate the 8th centennial of Saint Bonaventure's birth. The theme, "Deus summe cognoscibilis", could sound, in the contemporary agnostic, secular context, like a provocation. The approach, however, of the symposium was to consider "the current theological relevance of Saint Bonaventure", focusing on thinking with our author about a number of themes: theological method (philosophy, theology (...) and mysticism); revelation (in Scripture and history); creation (in Laudato si' and evolution); Christology (the triplex Verbum and logos of the Cross); ecclesiology and Trinitarian dimensions of sacramental theology; pre-phenomenological Trinitarian theology, and our own divine filiation. An appendix contains a previously unpublished text of J. Ratzinger about Bonaventure's theological method. The volume has also two indexes (authors' names and references to the works of Bonaventure). (shrink)

"Paraconsistent Belief Revision Based on a Formal Consistency Operator" delves into Belief Revision—a significant area of research in Formal Philosophy that uses logic to model the ways in which human and artificial agents modify their beliefs in response to new information and examines how these changes can be considered rational. -/- Originally authored as a PhD thesis (previously published in Portuguese), this work provides a novel epistemic interpretation of Paraconsistency through Paraconsistent Belief Revision systems. It explores the concept of paraconsistency (...) from the standpoint of epistemic attitudes of acceptance and rejection. -/- This work challenges the traditional notion that accepting a new belief requires retracting its negation from the current epistemic state. The author contends that such reflexive retraction goes against the principle of informational economy, which is a crucial aspect of rationality in the context of belief change. Consequently, the phenomenon of paraconsistency is further examined from this fresh perspective of belief change, shedding light on the complexities of the Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs). These LFIs provide the foundational logic, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and implementing paraconsistent principles within belief revision systems. -/- This thesis was supervised by Marcelo Esteban Coniglio and co-supervised by Márcio Moretto Ribeiro, as part of Rafael Rodrigues Testa's doctoral studies at the University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil. (shrink)

Silvia Bara Bancel y Julián de Cos, OP (eds). Dios en Ti. Eckhart, Tauler y Susón a través de sus textos. Editorial San Esteban, Salamanca, 2017, 272 pp. ISBN 978-84-8260-339-1.

Nietzsche identificó la filosofía como _arte de la transfiguración _en la edición de _La gaya ciencia_ de 1887. Esta expresión tiene un fuerte vínculo con la última obra de Rafael Sanzio, _La trasfigurazione_, comentada en _El nacimiento de la tragedia_, en donde el arte es considerado como transfigurador. Tanto la filosofía como el arte se relacionan con el acto de transfigurar y ambas deben ponerse en relación con la vida; la cual ha de ser transfigurada por el amor.

This paper deals with intercultural aspects of privacy, particularly with regard to differences between Japanese and Western conceptions. It starts with a reconstruction of the genealogy of Western subjectivity and human dignity as the basic assumptions underlying Western views on privacy. An analysis of the Western concept of informational privacy is presented. The Japanese topic of ‘‘denial of self” (Musi) as well as the concepts of Seken, Shakai and Ikai (as analyzed by the authors of the companion piece on privacy (...) in Japan) give rise to intercultural comparisons. The paper addresses the question of privacy in cyberspace and mass media. Finally the question of freedom of speech is related to the Japanese concepts of Ohyake and Watakusi. (shrink)

The paper presents, firstly, a brief review of the long history\nof information ethics beginning with the Greek concept of parrhesia\nor freedom of speech as analyzed by Michel Foucault. The recent concept\nof information ethics is related particularly to problems which arose\nin the last century with the development of computer technology and\nthe internet. A broader concept of information ethics as dealing\nwith the digital reconstruction of all possible phenomena leads to\nquestions relating to digital ontology. Following Heidegger{\textquoteright}s\nconception of the relation between ontology and metaphysics, (...) the\nauthor argues that ontology has to do with Being itself and not just\nwith the Being of beings which is the matter of metaphysics. The\nprimary aim of an ontological foundation of information ethics is\nto question the metaphysical ambitions of digital ontology understood\nas today{\textquoteright}s pervading understanding of Being. The\nauthor analyzes some challenges of digital technology, particularly\nwith regard to the moral status of digital agents. The author argues\nthat information ethics does not only deal with ethical questions\nrelating to the infosphere. This view is contrasted with arguments\npresented by Luciano Floridi on the foundation of information ethics\nas well as on the moral status of digital agents. It is argued that\na reductionist view of the human body as digital data overlooks the\nlimits of digital ontology and gives up one basis for ethical orientation.\nFinally issues related to the digital divide as well as to intercultural\naspects of information ethics are explored {\textendash} and long\nand short-term agendas for appropriate responses are presented. (shrink)

This is the report on the XVI BRAZILIAN LOGIC CONFERENCE (EBL 2011) held in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between May 9–13, 2011 published in The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic Volume 18, Number 1, March 2012. -/- The 16th Brazilian Logic Conference (EBL 2011) was held in Petro ́polis, from May 9th to 13th, 2011, at the Laboratório Nacional de Computação o Científica (LNCC). It was the sixteenth in a series of conferences that started in 1977 with the aim of (...) congregating logicians from Brazil and abroad, furthering interest in logic and its applications, stimulating cooperation, and contributing to the development of this branch of science. EBL 2011 included more than one-hundred and fifty participants, all of them belonging to prominent research institutes from Brazil and abroad, especially Latin America. The conference was sponsored by the Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC), the As- sociation for Symbolic Logic (ASL), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Centre for Logic, Epistemology and the History of Sciences (CLE), Laboratório Nacional de Computação o Científica (LNCC), Pontif ́ıcia Universidade Cato ́lica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC- Rio), Sociedade Brasileira de Lógica (SBL), and Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Funding was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient ́ıfico e Tecnolo ́ gico (CNPq), Fundac ̧a ̃o de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Fundação Euclides da Cunha (FEC), and Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). The members of the Scientific Committee were: Mário Folhadela Benevides (COPPE- UFRJ), Fa ́bio Bertato (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Jean-Yves Béziau (UFRJ), Ricardo Bianconi (USP), Juliana Bueno-Soler (UFABC), Xavier Caicedo (Universidad de Los An- des), Walter Carnielli (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Oswaldo Chateaubriand Filho (PUC-Rio), Marcelo Esteban Coniglio (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Newton da Costa (UFSC, President), Antonio Carlos da Rocha Costa (UFRG), Alexandre Costa-Leite (UnB), I ́tala M. Loffredo D’Ottaviano (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Marcelo Finger (USP), Edward Hermann Haeusler (PUC-Rio), Décio Krause (UFSC), João Marcos (UFRN), Ana Teresa de Castro Martins (UFC), Maria da Paz Nunes de Medeiros (UFRN), Francisco Miraglia (USP), Luiz Car- los Pereira (PUC-Rio and UFRJ), Elaine Pimentel (UFMG), and Samuel Gomes da Silva (UFBA). The members of the Organizing Committee were: Anderson de Araujo (UNICAMP), Walter Carnielli (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Oswaldo Chateaubriand Filho (PUC-Rio, Co- chair), Marcelo Correa (UFF), Renata de Freitas (UFF), Edward Hermann Haeusler (PUC- RJ), Hugo Nobrega (COPPE-UFRJ), Luiz Carlos Pereira (PUC-Rio e IFCS/UFRJ), Leandro Suguitani (UNICAMP), Rafael Testa (UNICAMP), Leonardo Bruno Vana (UFF), and Petrucio Viana (UFF, Co-chair). (shrink)

This article discusses the human capacity to seek meaning and more, feeling last for life. For this, serves up a double contribution: the Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl, founder of Logotherapy, and statements voiced in the first chapter of the new Catechism of the Catholic Church. Both have several points of convergence.

Plato scholars such as Matthias Baltes (1940-2003) and Luc Brisson have defended the thesis that Plato‘s Idea of the Good is on the one hand beyond being (epekeina tês ousias) in dignity and power, but is nevertheless not transcendent over being. The article gives first (I.), an introduction into the status questionis. Second (II.), it delivers the most important arguments for the thesis of Baltes and Brisson. Third (III.), it gives two counterarguments against the thesis. Fourth (IV), it deals with (...) the translation of L. Brisson "Apollon, quelle merveilleuse emphase" of 509c1-2. Fifth (V.), it concludes with some general questions concerning the deflationist interpetation of Plato‘s Republic, 509b9-10. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to address some of the questions on the notion of agent and agency in relation to property and personhood. I argue that following the Kantian criticism of Aristotelian metaphysics, contemporary biotechnology and information and communication technologies bring about a new challenge—this time, with regard to the Kantian moral subject understood in the subject’s unique metaphysical qualities of dignity and autonomy. The concept of human dignity underlies the foundation of many democratic systems, particularly in Europe (...) as well as of international treaties, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Digital agents, artificial organisms as well as new capabilities of the human agents related to their embeddedness in digital and biotechnological environments bring about an important transformation of the human self-appraisal. A critical comparative reflection of this transformation is important because of its ethical implications. I deal first with the concept of agent within the framework of Aristotelian philosophy, which is the basis for further theories in accordance with and/or in opposition to it, particularly since modernity. In the second part of this paper, I deal with the concept of personhood in Kantian philosophy, which supersedes the Aristotelian metaphysics of substance and builds the basis of a metaphysics of the moral human subject. In the third part, I discuss the question of artificial agents arising from modern biology and ICT. Blurring the difference between the human and the natural and/or artificial opens a “new space” for philosophical reflection as well as for debate in law and practical policy. (shrink)

The paper presents a critical appraisal of Floridi’s metaphysical foundation of information ecology. It highlights some of the issues raised by Floridi with regard to the axiological status of the objects in the “infosphere,” the moral status of artificial agents, and Floridi’s foundation of information ethics as information ecology. I further criticise the ontological conception of value as a first order category. I suggest that a weakening of Floridi’s demiurgic information ecology is needed in order not to forget the limitations (...) of human actors and/or of their surrogates, digital agents. I plea for a rational theoretical and practical view of such agents beyond utopian reasoning with regard to their potential moral status. (shrink)

– This paper aims to examine the present status of the research field intercultural information ethics including the foundational debate as well as specific issues., – A critical overview of the recent literature of the field is given., – The present IIE debate focuses on a narrow view of the field leaving aside comparative studies with non‐digital media as well as with other epochs and cultures. There is an emphasis on the question of privacy but other issues such as online (...) communities, governmentality, gender issues, mobile phones, health care and the digital divide are on the agenda., – The paper addresses basic issues of IIE that may open new vistas for research and practice in this field. (shrink)

The first aim is to provide well-articulated concepts by thinking through elementary phenomena of today s world, focusing on privacy and the digital, to clarify who we are in the cyberworld hence a phenomenology of digital whoness. The second aim is to engage critically, hermeneutically with older and current literature on privacy, including in today s emerging cyberworld. Phenomenological results include concepts of i) self-identity through interplay with the world, ii) personal privacy in contradistinction to the privacy of private property, (...) iii) the cyberworld as an artificial, digital dimension in order to discuss iv) what freedom in the cyberworld can mean, whilst not neglecting v) intercultural aspects and vi) the EU context.". (shrink)

De la identidad literaria salvadoreña como exilio, se examina la obra clásica de nueve autores. Al aplicar una perspectiva psicoanalítica, el ensayo toma como punto de partida una tarjeta que Roque Dalton envió desde Cuba a una amante lejana en El Salvador. La escritura establece la deuda y la memoria como principios rectores para recuperar el pasado. Un compromiso subjetivo con el objeto del amor perdido la patria y la amante dicta el movimiento de la inscripción poética. Esta ausencia del (...) cuerpo a recuperar se aplica en seguida, en primer lugar, a Francisco Gavidia, que funda el indigenismo salvadoreño, utilizando técnicas literarias europeas, con lo cual ignora las lenguas indígenas, luego a Alberto Masferrer, que se retrata sufriendo las tribulaciones y la pasión de Cristo en el exilio, antes de construir un proyecto político de país. En tercer lugar, Arturo Ambrogi percibe en el campesino salvadoreño al poeta medieval localizado en un locus amoenus, encantado por la belleza del campo. Francisco Miranda Ruano inaugura una visión más trágica, ya que su salida de la ciudad para recrear el esplendor del campo concluye con su regreso a los suburbios pobres, antes de suicidarse. En quinto lugar, Salarrué mezcla fantasía y realismo para retratar sus diversas máscaras o personajes, así como para disimular la violencia sexual y racial. Según el proverbio español “el hábito hace al monje”, el ser y los actos se juzgan siempre por la apariencia. Claudia Lars prescribe un movimiento dual, primero para sustituir su nombre real, Carmen Brannon, por su seudónimo literario, y luego para recuperar su infancia de sus habilidades adultas, que ella desarrolla, gracias al legado poético de su padre extranjero. Los hermanos Alfred y Miguel Ángel Espino proponen un patrimonio complejo. Si el primero idealiza el campo en una recuperación nostálgica del vientre materno cuya contrapartida nombra al amante imposible que lo inclina al suicidio, el segundo apunta a restituir una educación verdaderamente americana, sin revitalización alguna de las lenguas indígenas ni de su tierra ancestral confiscada. José Napoleón Rodríguez Ruiz estipula cómo solo un recuerdo lejano recupera un relato testimonial del pasado. Al vaticinar un tema de actualidad -el acoso sexual y la migración, su personaje campesino narra cómo el exilio reinventa su identidad rural. Finalmente, en un retorno sinodal, desde lejos, Dalton replica la nostalgia de Rubén Darío por ser alguien más de lo que es a la hora de recrear sus años de formación como poeta. En resumen, este bosquejo de nueve autores del siglo XX delinea no solo cómo una idea de exilio anticipa la diáspora actual. El ensayo también sugiere cómo los estudios culturales continúan una nostálgica recuperación de la memoria por una revolución sinódica, y reclama la actualidad de aquellos autores consagrados en un canon literario monolingüe. (shrink)

This article discusses C. E. Alchourrdn and E. Bulygin's ideas regarding the distinction between strong permission and weak permission. The author takes for granted that the distinction between the two terms should be placed at the level of the assertive metalanguage about norms. But the symbolizations and the definitions of strong and weak permissions offered by Alchourrdn and Bulygin, as well as their thesis concerning the relations between the two concepts are challenged.

This paper aims to analyze the problem of dinamism and determinism in Nature. It has a particular relevance in order to give a vision of reality in which philosophy and sciences have something to say. The study deals this problem in Special Theory of Relativity.

Dentro de la dilatada herencia intelectual que nos ha legado Ratzinger / Benedicto XVI es destacable su aportación a la Teología Fundamental. Su amor y su vasto conocimiento tanto de filosofía como de teología permiten al lector descubrir valiosas herramientas para afrontar problemas actuales. En este caso, proporciona recursos utilísimos para, en primer lugar, analizar la crisis que vive la relación fe-filosofía —la centralidad del guion que la une desde su origen— y, en segundo lugar, muestra posibles caminos para recuperar (...) dicha relación tan esencial para la reflexión teológica y, también, para la vida de la Iglesia. (shrink)

Durante los últimos cinco años, un tema principal de discusión en el área epistemológica ha sido el rol de las intuiciones como una guía confiable para el conocimiento, o como una forma de justificación de alguna creencia. Se asume que si no existe tal función de las intuiciones (intuiciones racionales específicamente), entonces son gratuitas, irrelevantes y una guía poco confiable para el conocimiento o la creencia. El papel de las intuiciones en el área práctica no simplifica el problema: si un (...) sujeto (S) toma una decisión fundado (incluso parcialmente) en algunas intuiciones, entonces es difícil negar la relevancia de ellas en esta arista práctica. Por lo tanto, surge el dilema: ¿cómo puede una intuición guiar la acción de un sujeto S, si S ni siquiera está justificado en tener esa intuición? Para responder a esta cuestión, propongo una defensa híbrida (a priori - a posteriori / teórica - práctica) de la intuición racional (IR), a través de dos roles (diferentes de los roles probatorios o justificatorios): un rol propedéutico (también llamado rol ejemplificador contrafactual) y un rol de guía de la acción en la toma de decisiones. Al mismo tiempo, se afirma que una IR tiene un rol de transmisor (diferente del rol justificatorio) que es relevante con respecto al vínculo inferencial entre premisa-conclusión. Se discute una conexión similar sobre el nexo concebible-posible. De esta manera, se propone un racionalismo moderado, que sostiene la falibilidad de IR, la relevancia de la evidencia a posteriori y la confiabilidad a priori. (shrink)

Resumo: Neste trabalho discute-se a crítica de István Mészáros à Lógica de Hegel. Aponta-se como o marxismo realiza a crítica aos pontos de partida e de chegada da Ciência da lógica, quais sejam, o pensamento sem pressupostos e o círculo auto-constituído da Lógica. Com isso, indica-se a diferença entre os modos hegeliano e marxista de conceber o enraizamento do conhecimento no processo de vida real. Discute-se ainda como István Mészáros realizou uma dura crítica à hipostasiação do método dialético em G. (...) Lukács, crítica esta que se apóia na rejeição de um método que deixa de prestar contas ao ser e que, por isso, acaba lidando com a identidade entre conhecimento e ser como uma mera postulação abstrata.: This paper discusses István Mészáros critique of Hegel’s Logic. We point out how Marxism criticizes the presuppositionless thinkingand self-constituted circle of reasoning of the Science of logic. We thereby show the difference between the Hegelian and Marxist ways of conceiving the rooting of knowledge in the process of real life. We also discuss how Mészáros made a scathing critique of the hypostatization of dialectical method in Lukács work. This critique is based on the rejection of a method that fails to be accountable to the real world and therefore ends up treating the identity of knowledge and being as a mere abstract postulation. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de este escrito es discutir el rol y validez de las intuiciones en el ámbito epistémico, en particular el rol de las denominadas intuiciones racionales y su característica de acceso a priori a ciertos ítems o de conocimiento o de creencia. Se analizará el supuesto de centralidad de las intuiciones en la argumentación filosófica. Este supuesto otorga un rol evidencial a una intuición I que un sujeto S tiene respecto a una proposición P. En otras palabras, dicha (...) intuición sería un proceso confiable para acceder al valor de verdad de dicha proposición, cumplir el rol de conductora de verdad. El criterio de conductora de verdad es asociado generalmente o una creencia o a un ítem de conocimiento, y el afirmar que una intuición es confiable implica que es una vía de acceso al valor de verdad de cierto ítem de conocimiento o de creencia. Siguiendo a Cappelen, en este escrito afirmo que el supuesto de centralidad es errado, en primer lugar, porque una intuición racional no tiene por objetivo fundamentar, justificar o evidenciar la verdad o falsedad de una creencia o conocimiento, sino más bien cumplir un rol propedéutico y transmisor previo a la determinación de ese valor de verdad. Hay, por tanto, un criterio de dispensabilidad en el rol epistémico que le compete a una intuición y un rol de falseador epistémico indirecto vía descarte de hipótesis.: The aim of this paper is to discuss the role and validity of intuitions in the epistemic field, in particular therole of so-called rational intuitions and their characteristic of access to certain items of a priori knowledgeor belief. The assumption of centrality of intuitions in philosophical argumentation will be analyzed. Thisassumption gives an evidential role to an intuition I that a subject S has regarding a proposition P. In otherwords, this intuition would be a reliable process to access the truth value of such a proposition, fulfillingthe role of conductor of truth. The truth-conduciveness criterion is usually associated either with a beliefor with an item of knowledge, and affirming that an intuition is reliable implies that it is a way of accessingthe truth value of a certain item of knowledge or belief. Following Cappelen, here I affirm that theassumption of centrality is wrong, firstly because a rational intuition is not intended to ground, justify or evidence the truth or falsity of a belief or knowledge, but rather to fulfill a propaedeutic role andtransmitter role before the determination of that truth value. There is, therefore, a criterion of dispensability in the epistemic role that corresponds to an intuition and an indirect epistemic defeater rolevia discarding hypotheses. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de este escrito es discutir el rol y validez de las intuiciones en el ámbito epistémico, en particular el rol de las denominadas intuiciones racionales y su característica de acceso a priori a ciertos ítems o de conocimiento o de creencia. Se analizará el supuesto de centralidad de las intuiciones en la argumentación filosófica. Este supuesto otorga un rol evidencial a una intuición I que un sujeto S tiene respecto a una proposición P. En otras palabras, dicha (...) intuición sería un proceso confiable para acceder al valor de verdad de dicha proposición, cumplir el rol de conductora de verdad. El criterio de conductora de verdad es asociado generalmente o una creencia o a un ítem de conocimiento, y el afirmar que una intuición es confiable implica que es una vía de acceso al valor de verdad de cierto ítem de conocimiento o de creencia. Siguiendo a Cappelen, en este escrito afirmo que el supuesto de centralidad es errado, en primer lugar, porque una intuición racional no tiene por objetivo fundamentar, justificar o evidenciar la verdad o falsedad de una creencia o conocimiento, sino más bien cumplir un rol propedéutico y transmisor previo a la determinación de ese valor de verdad. Hay, por tanto, un criterio de dispensabilidad en el rol epistémico que le compete a una intuición y un rol de falseador epistémico indirecto vía descarte de hipótesis. (shrink)

Las estructuras fundamentales del pensamiento lógico humano guardan una estrecha relación con determinadas regiones neurológicas del cerebro y de otras partes del encéfalo humano (e incluso animal, según algunas investigaciones). El presente artículo trata de explorar la posibilidad de atribuir el procesamiento de determinadas estructuras lógico-lingüísticas de la actividad cognoscitiva humana, partiendo de ciertos datos empíricos y argumentaciones teóricas provenientes de distintos campos científicos y filosóficos. Partiendo de la base de la analogía establecida entre partículas lingüísticas y lógicas, así como (...) entre pensamiento y lenguaje, además de los resultados hallados en la investigación acerca de los trastornos del lenguaje por lesión cerebral (afasias) se proponen unas hipótesis de localización de las estructuras lógicas fundamentales (clases vs. functores) en determinados circuitos neurológicos presentes en el encéfalo humano, así como en otras áreas relacionadas con las funciones lingüísticas, ejecutivas y sensorio-motrices, fundamentalmente. (shrink)

Mais próxima do corpo e da imaginação, a linguagem que pode ser deduzida da ontologia espinosana nos coloca frente ao problema das relações entre mente e corpo. Como pode uma palavra, modo da extensão, comunicar uma ideia, modo do pensamento, se nosso espírito não é uma replicação do corpo e não há expressão entre os atributos? Ao mesmo tempo Espinosa nos mostra como o desenvolvimento e permanência da língua de um povo ao longo dos tempos depende do uso da linguagem (...) em sociedade. Desenvolvendo estes elementos, o presente artigo visa então construir uma proposta de solução para o problema da linguagem em Espinosa pelo estudo de seus textos políticos. (shrink)

O presente trabalho foi pensado como uma breve reflexão sobre o que Michel Foucault demonstrou sendo um exemplo de pacto parresiástico em As Bacantes, peça de Eurípides (480-406 a.C). As reflexões aqui desenvolvidas foram resultados de um projeto desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Estudos do Discurso e do Corpo (Labedisco-CNPq) e compõem, também, um atual estágio de Pós-doutoramento em Literatura Brasileira na Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O pacto apontado por Foucault selaria um “aperto de mão” entre um mensageiro e Penteu. (...) Isso permitiria a irrupção de um “dizer verdadeiro” diante do Rei. Fora perseguido, ao longo da reflexão, o comentário que Foucault fez dessa passagem de Eurípides. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Parresía; Bacantes; Dionísio; Verdade. (shrink)

This is a revised short overview of Plato’s “greatest thing to be learned” or the “greatest lesson” (megiston mathêma) – the Idea of the Good.

Este artículo reseña: Thomas CASADEI - Gianfrancesco ZANETTI, Manual de Filosofía del Derecho. Figuras, categorías, contextos, Prefacio y traducción de Fernando H. Llano Alonso, Madrid, Tecnos, 2023, 504 pp.

The paper addresses severalethical issues in online communication researchin light of digital ontology as well as theepistemological questions raised by theblurring boundary between fact and theory inthis field. The concept of ontology is used ina Heideggerian sense as related to the humancapacity of world construction on the basis ofthe givenness of our being-in-the-world.Ethical dilemmas of Internet research thusarise from the tension between bodily existenceand the proper object of research, i.e., onlineexistence. The following issues are beingconsidered: online identity, online language,online consent (...) and confidentiality. We alsoargue that research ethics in the US followsthe utilitarian tradition, while Europeanresearchers are deontologically oriented. Aguideline of best practice in online researchethics is proposed. (shrink)

We introduce new first-order languages for the elementary n-dimensional geometry and elementary n-dimensional affine geometry , based on extending equation image and equation image, respectively, with new function symbols. Here, β stands for the betweenness relation and ≡ for the congruence relation. We show that the associated theories admit effective quantifier elimination.

Este artigo apresenta de forma resumida a complexa historia da noção de informação na tradução greco-romana, medieval e moderna. A partir da etimologia latina dessa noção e de suas raízes nos conceitos gregos de eidos / ideia e morphé se mostra como a noção de informação no seu conceito ontológico (‘dar forma a algo’) perde sua relevância na modernidade, mantendo-se o sentido de ‘dizer algo a alguém’. As teorias da informação no século XX apoiadas na concepção de sistemas técnicos de (...) transmissão de mensagens dão lugar a um renascimento da noção objetiva de informação, mas em um marco diferente a da filosofia clássica pré-moderna. Partindo da relação entre os conceitos de informação e de mensagem se apresentam possíveis caminhos para a noção de informação fundamentada em uma teoria de mensagens. (shrink)

La universidad vive inmersa en un proceso de cambio impulsado por la creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El objetivo principal de este proceso es hacer que la Universidad contribuya a hacer de Europa el Espacio Económico más competitivo del mundo. Se quiere hacer de la Universidad un pilar de la Europa del Conocimiento. Y la Sociedad del Conocimiento se interpreta fundamentalmente en clave económica mercantilista. En la sociedad postindustrial, la principal fuente de ventaja e..

Nuestro propósito en este artículo es analizar desde un punto de vista epistemológico el debate científico sobre el niño “salvaje” de Aveyron que se inicia en la Ilustración tardía, en el ámbito del método y prácticas médico-pedagógicas, y que se extiende a mediados del siglo XX en el campo de las ciencias sociales. Consideramos que la metodología de investigación científica y los tratamientos aplicados para educar y transformar al niño “salvaje”, a través del disciplinamiento de sus sentidos, la enseñanza del (...) lenguaje y la adopción de costumbres civilizadas lo convierten no solo en un “caso” u “objeto” de investigación científica, sino también en un ser “anormal”, expuesto al encierro, la experimentación y la degradación física. Cuestionamos, en esta ocasión, el dispositivo denominado “máquina antropológica” que articula la antinomia epistemológica naturaleza y cultura, que constituye ontológicamente el estatus inferior del niño “salvaje” como “criatura”. A través de la postulación de la teoría filosófica de la infancia de G. Agamben como alternativa crítica, desarrollamos los conceptos de “silencio”, “resistencia” e “irrupción epistemológica” para abordar las cuestiones ontológicas y epistémicas que conciernen a Víctor de Aveyron desde una nueva perspectiva filosófica. (shrink)

Este artículo intenta mostrar los comienzos de la filosofía jurídica de Alasdair MacIntyre antes de la publicación de After Virtue. MacIntyre sostiene que en las sociedades liberales la regulación es un sustituto para la moralidad cuando las sociedades no tienen fundamentos morales adecuados. Para entender esta conclusión, se examina la evolución filosófica de MacIntyre desde 1960 hasta 1980.