Trata-se de uma resenha da tradução de Celi Hirata das Questões sobre a Liberdade, a Necessidade e o Acaso de Thomas Hobbes.

This study aims to present a new interpretation about the controversy in the Hobbesian reception about its affiliation to the natural law or the positive law. According to Norberto Bobbio, these positions are mutually exclusive. In the first place, we will present the textual passages that enable Hobbes to be considered, on the one hand, as a supporter of iusnaturalism in accordance with the paradigmatic readings of Howard Warrender and Norberto Bobbio and, on the other, or of iuspositivism, according to (...) the readings of Simone Goyard- Fabre and Jean Hampton. In the second, we will demonstrate our interpretation that accommodates both points of view, from a historical rescue of the antiphontean antilogy, considering the textual ambivalence as a Hobbesian philosophical character. (shrink)

O presente estudo argumenta que, para Hobbes, a retórica constituiu-se como um importante aparato linguístico e conceitual disponível em seu tempo, sobretudo para a descrição dos fenômenos físicos na ciência experimental nascente no contexto do século XVII inglês. Considerando que os parâmetros epistêmicos na descrição desta ciência estavam por se desenvolver, Hobbes buscou soluções nas doutrinas das artes do bem falar, a começar em sua antropologia. A noção de conato em Hobbes indica o peso da tradição retórica clássica em sua (...) filosofia, com destaque para Aristóteles, os estoicos e Quintiliano. Veremos como a retórica, articulada à física e à ética, constituiu um relevante paradigma de expressão e de investigação de Thomas Hobbes sobre o conato e vai além do ornamento do texto em seu estudo sobre os corpos. (shrink)

Many studies have reported neural correlates of visual awareness across several brain regions, including the sensory, parietal, and frontal areas. In most of these studies, participants were instructed to explicitly report their perceptual experience through a button press or verbal report. It is conceivable, however, that explicit reporting itself may trigger specific neural responses that can confound the direct examination of the neural correlates of visual awareness. This suggests the need to assess visual awareness without explicit reporting. One way to (...) achieve this is to develop a technique to predict the visual awareness of participants based on their peripheral responses. Here, we used eye movements and pupil sizes to decode trial-by-trial changes in the awareness of a stimulus whose visibility was deteriorated due to adaptation-induced blindness. In the experiment, participants judged whether they perceived a target stimulus and rated the confidence they had in their perceptual judgment, while their eye movements and pupil sizes were recorded. We found that not only perceptual decision but also perceptual confidence can be separately decoded from the eye movement and pupil size. We discuss the potential of this technique with regard to assessing visual awareness in future neuroimaging experiments. (shrink)