Results for 'Sam Rakover'

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  1.  64
    Empirical criteria for task susceptibility to introspective awareness and awareness effects.Sam Rakover - 1993 - Philosophical Psychology 6 (4):451 – 467.
    A proposed empirical criterion for task susceptibility to introspective awareness distinguishes cognitive processes of which one cannot be aware from those of which one can be aware. The empirical criterion for task susceptibility to awareness effects proposes that there are tasks which cannot be affected by awareness of the rules constituting the tasks. These criteria were applied to research programmes in rule-learning in which past studies in the area of learning without awareness were included as well as current research in (...)
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  2.  31
    Scientific rules of the game and the mind/body: A critique based on the theory of measurement.Sam S. Rakover - 2002 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 9 (11):52-57.
  3.  31
    Hypothesizing from introspections: A model for the role of mental entities in psychological explanation.Sam S. Rakover - 1983 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 13 (2):211–230.
  4.  62
    Psychology as an Associational Science: A Methodological Viewpoint.Sam S. Rakover - 2012 - Open Journal of Philosophy 2 (2):143-152.
    Unlike the sciences (physics), psychology has not developed in any of its areas (such as perception, learning, cognition) a top-theory like Newtonian theory, the theory of relativity, or quantum theory in physics. This difference is explained by a methodological discrepancy between the sciences and psychology, which centers on the measurement procedure: in psychology, measurement units similar to those in physics have not been discovered. Based on the arguments supporting this claim, a methodological distinction is made between the sciences and psychology (...)
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  5.  21
    Latent avoidance learning: Positive transfer from barpress to shuttle avoidance and vice versa.Sam S. Rakover - 1986 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 24 (4):286-289.
  6.  46
    Theories of mind: Some methodological/conceptual problems and an alternative approach.Sam S. Rakover - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):73-74.
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  7.  52
    AI and consciousness.Sam S. Rakover - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-2.
  8.  9
    How to Explain Behavior: A Critical Review and New Approach.Sam S. Rakover - 2017 - Lexington Books.
    In this book, Sam S. Rakover provides an explanation of human behavior and the behavior of animals, such as monkeys, dogs, and cats.
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  9. In defense of memory viewed as stored mental representation.Sam S. Rakover - 1983 - Behaviorism 11 (April):53-62.
    The present paper develops a defense for the representational approach to memory which wilcox and Katz believe leads to logical paradoxes. It is suggested that three of the central arguments of Wilcox and Katz make sense when one ascribes to the representational theory a "human-like" model, rather is based. the fourth major argument of Wilcox and Katz, which in the present article had been labelled the "eliminative' argument, has been shown to confuse ontological assuptions with logical considerations.
     
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  10.  21
    The Paradox of Fiction: A Proposal for a Solution Based on the Information-Processing Approach.Sam S. Rakover - 2023 - Philosophy and Literature 46 (2):301-311.
    Abstract:The paradox of fiction deals with the following question: how is it possible to react emotionally to a fictive image? After a discussion of two important solutions to the paradox, I present an outline of my solution. The "real/fictional information-processing" theory proposes that all kinds of stimuli (real or fictive) are undergoing information processing by the cognitive system. Each stimulus consists of bundle of particular stimuli (for example, a cat) and certain indicators that specify whether it is real or fictitious. (...)
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  11.  48
    The place of consciousness in the information processing approach: The mental-pool thought experiment.Sam S. Rakover - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (3):537-538.
    Velmans (1991a; 1991b) proposed that consciousness plays a minor explanatory role in the information processing approach and that unconscious mechanisms process stimuli and responses and intervene between them. In contrast, the present commentary describes a thought experiment suggesting that, although input information is initially processed unconsciously, subsequent processing involves consciousness, and consciousness plays an important role in the explanation of behavior.
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  12.  64
    A plea for methodological dualism and multi-explanation framework in psychology.Sam S. Rakover - 2011 - Behavior and Philosophy 39:17-43.
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  13.  32
    Avoidance theory: The nature of innate responses and their interaction with acquired responses.Sam S. Rakover - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):752.
  14.  54
    Consciousness explained?: A commentary on Dennett's Consciousness Explained.Sam S. Rakover - 1994 - International Studies in Philosophy 26 (2):97-99.
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  15.  63
    Experimental psychology and Duhem's problem.Sam S. Rakover - 2003 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 33 (1):45–66.
    The paper proposes a practical answer to Duhem's problem within the framework of experimental psychology. First, this problem is briefly discussed; second, two studies in psychology are presented illustrating how theories are tested. Thirdly, based on the foregoing, an approach called the “Empirical Reasoning” is developed and justified. It is shown that the ER approach can successfully cope with Duhem's problem. Finally, the ER approach and the Error Statistics approach of Mayo are critically compared with regard to Duhem's problem.
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  16.  21
    Individual trauma and national response to external threat: The case of Israel.Sam S. Rakover & A. Yaniv - 1980 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 16 (3):217-220.
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  17.  17
    Incommensurability: The scaling of mind-body theories as a counter example.Sam S. Rakover - 1989 - Behaviorism 17 (2):103-118.
    An opponent thesis to that of incommensurability—the commensurability approach—is proposed. The new thesis is based on the delineation of an empirical comparative metatheory for comparing theories of different paradigms. The method of multidimensional scaling together with the proximity-predictability hypothesis instantiate and substantiate this metatheory. The scaling of mind body theories, and the confirmation of certain predictions derived from MDS and the PP hypothesis concerning the relations that exist among these theories, are brought as actual examples supporting the present paper's approach.
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  18.  36
    Learning without awareness: What counts as an appropriate test of learning and of awareness.Sam S. Rakover - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (3):417-418.
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  19.  35
    One or two different sets of laws of learning—Is this an empirical question?Sam S. Rakover - 1979 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 13 (1):41-43.
  20.  47
    Outflanking the mind-body problem: Scientific progress in the history of psychology.Sam S. Rakover - 1992 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 22 (2):145–173.
  21.  16
    Serial learning and filled and unfilled delay intervals: Effects of informative feedback contingencies.Sam S. Rakover & Malka Maon - 1973 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 2 (2):87-88.
  22.  39
    Tallying the “tally argument”: What next?Sam S. Rakover - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):727-729.
  23.  10
    Understanding Human Conduct: The Innate and Acquired Meaning of Life.Sam S. Rakover - 2021 - Lexington Books.
    Understanding Human Conduct: The Innate and Acquired Meaning of Life develops the Consciousness-Meaning (CM) model, which aims to explain why most human beings are able to lead a meaningful life without undergoing an existentialist life crisis.
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  24.  43
    How consciousness creates life-meaning A review of _Understanding Human Conduct: The Innate and Acquired Meaning of Life_ , by Sam S. Rakover, Lanham, Lexington Books, 2021, 198 pp., $95 (hardback), ISBN: 9781793632401. [REVIEW]Asha Lancaster-Thomas - 2024 - Philosophical Psychology 37 (4):988-991.
    This book is about the meaning of life, which is clearly one of the of the most important – if not the most important – topics one could write about. In Understanding Human Conduct, Sam S. Rakover...
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  25.  45
    How Could Conscious Experiences Affect Brains?Max Velmans - 2003 - Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic.
    In daily life we take it for granted that our minds have conscious control of our actions, at least for most of the time. But many scientists and philosophers deny that this is really the case, because there is no generally accepted theory of how the mind interacts with the body. Max Velmans presents a non-reductive solution to the problem, in which ‘conscious mental control’ includes ‘voluntary’ operations of the preconscious mind. On this account, biological determinism is compatible with experienced (...)
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  26.  69
    Methodological questions begged.Colin Allen - 2011 - Behavior and Philosophy 39:83 - 87.
    I argue in opposition to Sam Rakover that the current lack of fully adequate theories of the subjective and qualitative aspects of mind does not justify the adoption of what he calls “methodological dualism” (Rakover, this issue). Scientific understanding of consciousness requires the continuation of attempts to explain it in terms of the neural mechanisms that support it. It would be premature to adopt a methodological stance that could foreclose on the possibility of more reductionistic approaches. The effects (...)
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  27.  20
    To understand a cat: Methodology and philosophy.Daniel Algom - 2009 - Philosophical Psychology 22 (6):808 – 812.
    To Understand a Cat: Methodology and Philosophy SAM S. RAKOVER Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, 2007253 pages, ISBN: 9789027252067 (hbk); $142.00In Plato's Phaedo, Socrates famously distinguishes...
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  28.  42
    “Should It Be Considered Plagiarism?” Student Perceptions of Complex Citation Issues.Dan Childers & Sam Bruton - 2016 - Journal of Academic Ethics 14 (1):1-17.
    Most research on student plagiarism defines the concept very narrowly or with much ambiguity. Many studies focus on plagiarism involving large swaths of text copied and pasted from unattributed sources, a type of plagiarism that the overwhelming majority of students seem to have little trouble identifying. Other studies rely on ambiguous definitions, assuming students understand what the term means and requesting that they self-report how well they understand the concept. This study attempts to avoid these problems by examining student perceptions (...)
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  29. Reciprocal expressions and the concept of reciprocity.Mary Dalrymple, Makoto Kanazawa, Yookyung Kim, Sam McHombo & Stanley Peters - 1998 - Linguistics and Philosophy 21 (2):159-210.
  30.  15
    Managerial business ethics in South Africa: An exploratory comparison - 1987 and 2009.Bisschoff Christo & Sam Fullerton - 2011 - African Journal of Business Ethics 5 (1).
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  31.  45
    Teaching Philosophy as a Tool for Helping Children Understand Problems Properly.Young-Sam Chun - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 27:23-28.
    Children are surrounded by a lot of problems here and there, and they often show any tendency to answer them promptly. In this paper, I argue that helping children understand their problems properly before answering them is one of the good ways of meta-thinking teaching in philosophy for children, and then I suggest how teachers help them do so.
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  32.  12
    The problem of understanding and interpretation of African philosophy.Ejike Sam-Festus Chukwujekwu - 2020 - RUDN Journal of Philosophy 24 (1):134-142.
    This article is devoted to the problem of interpretation and understanding of African philosophy as a phenomenon of intercultural communication. It is a question of the presence of stereotypes in perception and assessments of African philosophy: from the assertion of its interiority and non-philosophical character to the propaganda of its primacy in the whole of world philosophy as the theorized core of spiritual life. The author also indentified the significant obstacle in the study of African philosophy and understanding of its (...)
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  33.  15
    Modeling the Quality of Player Passing Decisions in Australian Rules Football Relative to Risk, Reward, and Commitment.Bartholomew Spencer, Karl Jackson, Timothy Bedin & Sam Robertson - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  34.  21
    Immoral Artistry?Sam Shpall - 2024 - Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 27 (1).
    This paper uses detailed art criticism to ground a distinctive take on debates about the interaction of moral and aesthetic value. Immoralists claim that moral flaws can make artworks aesthetically better than they would otherwise be. I argue that whether or not immoralism is true, immoralists have not provided compelling characterizations of strategies that might constitute this kind of “immoral artistry.” The main exception is found in the work of A. W. Eaton. I critique Eaton’s perspective by way of sustained (...)
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  35.  26
    Reverse Mathematics and parameter-free Transfer.Benno van den Berg & Sam Sanders - 2019 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 170 (3):273-296.
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  36.  9
    Self-Reported Responses to Player Profile Questions Show Consistency with the Use of Complex Attentional Strategies by Expert Horseshoe Pitchers.Jeffrey T. Fairbrother, Phillip G. Post & Sam J. Whalen - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  37.  13
    Accommodating Political Change under the Tetrarchy (293–306).Daniel Syrbe, Erika Manders, Dennis Jussen, Ketty Iannantuono, Sam Heijnen, Sven Betjes & Olivier Hekster - 2019 - Klio 101 (2):610-639.
    Summary This article seeks to address the question how the Tetrarchic system of four rulers could be presented as legitimate in a society that had never seen this political constellation before. What were the different modes of presenting Tetrarchic rule and how did they help in making the new system acceptable? The article argues that new power structures needed to be formulated in familiar terms, not only for the rulers to legitimate their position, but also for the ruled to understand (...)
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  38.  7
    The Configurable SAT Solver Challenge.Frank Hutter, Marius Lindauer, Adrian Balint, Sam Bayless, Holger Hoos & Kevin Leyton-Brown - 2017 - Artificial Intelligence 243 (C):1-25.
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  39.  22
    Qualitatively exploring repentance processes, antecedents, motivations, resources, and outcomes in Latter-day Saints.Justin J. Hendricks, Jocelyn Cazier, Jenae M. Nelson, Loren D. Marks & Sam A. Hardy - 2023 - Archive for the Psychology of Religion 45 (1):61-84.
    Despite the prevalence of beliefs across religions regarding repentance and divine forgiveness and their recognition in theoretical and religious studies, these constructs are relatively understudied phenomena in the social sciences. Furthermore, in recent years, multiple scholars have argued for the need for research to systematically study and highlight the experience and processes of repentance and divine forgiveness. Subsequently, this study explored processes of repentance, antecedents and motivations of repentance, resources to aid in repentance, and outcomes of repentance that should be (...)
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  40.  8
    The Fame of Trajan: A Late Antique Invention.Daniel Syrbe, Erika Manders, Dennis Jussen, Ketty Iannantuono, Sam Heijnen, Sven Betjes & Olivier Hekster - 2022 - Klio 104 (2):693-749.
    Summary Trajan’s status as a model emperor is perhaps most famously expressed in Eutropius’ catchphrase “More fortunate than Augustus, better than Trajan” (Eutr. Brev. 8.5.3). Modern scholarship has similarly stressed Trajan’s exemplary status, assuming that Trajan’s virtues were already a point of departure by which to measure second- and third-century emperors. This article challenges that notion; it argues that Trajan’s status as a model emperor was a late-antique literary construct. Trajan only entered the repertoire of exemplary emperors during the course (...)
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  41.  47
    Short Version Dental Anxiety Inventory Score May Predict the Response in the Insular Cortex to Stimuli Mimicking Dental Treatment.Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Johnson Chun Ming Lee, Hiroki C. Tanabe, Sam Kwai Sang Ng, Pek-Lan Khong, Wai Keung Leung & Tazuko K. Goto - 2019 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13.
  42.  7
    Teaching Christian Ethics Beyond Europe and North America: From a Postgraduate Research Seminar to a Theology of Listening.Robert W. Heimburger, Samuel Efraín Murillo Torres & James Wesly Sam - 2024 - Studies in Christian Ethics 37 (1):93-110.
    This article explores the process of teaching Christian theological ethics beyond the common focus on European and North American sources. In conversation with moves to decolonise university curricula, the article proposes a theology of listening, an example of a research seminar for master’s and doctoral students at the University of Aberdeen on Christian ethics beyond Europe and North America, and an exploration of broader challenges for the formation of the theologian. The article asks, what can we learn when we give (...)
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  43.  18
    Homeosis and polyposis: A tale from the mouse.Tong-Chuan He, Luis T. Da Costa & Sam Thiagalingam - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (7):551-555.
    Homeobox genes play essential roles in specifying the fates of different cell types during embryogenesis. In Drosophila, the homeotic gene caudal is important for the generation of posterior structures. In the mouse, the caudal homologue Cdx2 has been implicated in directing early processes in intestinal morphogenesis and in the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype. A recent study showed that Cdx2 null mutation was embryonically lethal, whereas Cdx2+/− mice developed multiple intestinal polyps in the proximal colon in addition to developmental defects(1). (...)
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  44.  11
    Short-Term Fasting Selectively Influences Impulsivity in Healthy Individuals.Maxine Howard, Jonathan P. Roiser, Sam J. Gilbert, Paul W. Burgess, Peter Dayan & Lucy Serpell - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Previous research has shown that short-term fasting in healthy individuals is associated with changes in risky decision-making. The current experiment was designed to examine the influence of short-term fasting in healthy individuals on four types of impulsivity: reflection impulsivity, risky decision-making, delay aversion, and action inhibition. Participants were tested twice, once when fasted for 20 hours, and once when satiated. Participants demonstrated impaired action inhibition when fasted; committing significantly more errors of commission during a food-related Affective Shifting Task. Participants also (...)
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  45.  21
    Electrophysiology of Inhibitory Control in the Context of Emotion Processing in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Justine R. Magnuson, Nicholas A. Peatfield, Shaun D. Fickling, Adonay S. Nunes, Greg Christie, Vasily Vakorin, Ryan C. N. D’Arcy, Urs Ribary, Grace Iarocci, Sylvain Moreno & Sam M. Doesburg - 2019 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13.
  46.  17
    Future directions for child anxiety theory and treatment.Andy P. Field, Sam Cartwright-Hatton, Shirley Reynolds & Cathy Creswell - 2008 - Cognition and Emotion 22 (3):385-394.
  47.  15
    Attitudes toward consumer and business ethics among Canadian and New Zealand business students: an Assessment of 28 Scenarios.Jim Fisher, David Taylor & Sam Fullerton - 1999 - Teaching Business Ethics 3 (2):155-177.
  48.  16
    Internal speech is faster than external speech: Evidence for feedback-based temporal control.Sam Tilsen - 2024 - Cognition 244 (C):105713.
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  49.  26
    The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.Sam Harris - 2010 - New York: Free Press.
    Bestselling author Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith-that a moral system cannot be based on science.
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  50. Free will.Sam Harris - 2012 - New York: Free Press.
    In this enlightening book, Sam Harris argues that free will is an illusion but that this truth should not undermine morality or diminish the importance of social and political freedom; indeed, this truth can and should change the way we think about some of the most important questions in life.
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