Results for 'Thomas R. Shultz'

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  1.  27
    Cognitive dissonance reduction as constraint satisfaction.Thomas R. Shultz & Mark R. Lepper - 1996 - Psychological Review 103 (2):219-240.
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  2.  27
    Rule following and rule use in the balance-scale task.Thomas R. Shultz & Yoshio Takane - 2007 - Cognition 103 (3):460-472.
  3.  4
    A computational model of infant learning and reasoning with probabilities.Thomas R. Shultz & Ardavan S. Nobandegani - 2022 - Psychological Review 129 (6):1281-1295.
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  4. Acquisition of concepts with characteristic and defining features.Thomas R. Shultz, Jean-Philippe Thivierge & Kristin Laurin - 2008 - In B. C. Love, K. McRae & V. M. Sloutsky (eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 531--536.
     
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  5.  19
    Prototypes and portability in artificial neural network models.Thomas R. Shultz - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (4):493-494.
    The Page target article is interesting because of apparent coverage of many psychological phenomena with simple, unified neural techniques. However, prototype phenomena cannot be covered because the strongest response would be to the first-learned stimulus in each category rather than to a prototype stimulus or most frequently presented stimuli. Alternative methods using distributed coding can also achieve portability of network knowledge.
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  6.  81
    Neural networks discover a near-identity relation to distinguish simple syntactic forms.Thomas R. Shultz & Alan C. Bale - 2006 - Minds and Machines 16 (2):107-139.
    Computer simulations show that an unstructured neural-network model [Shultz, T. R., & Bale, A. C. (2001). Infancy, 2, 501–536] covers the essential features␣of infant learning of simple grammars in an artificial language [Marcus, G. F., Vijayan, S., Bandi Rao, S., & Vishton, P. M. (1999). Science, 283, 77–80], and generalizes to examples both outside and inside of the range of training sentences. Knowledge-representation analyses confirm that these networks discover that duplicate words in the sentences are nearly identical and that (...)
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  7.  12
    A generative neural network analysis of conservation.Thomas R. Shultz - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 18--65.
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  8.  27
    Choosing a unifying theory for cognitive development.Thomas R. Shultz - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):456-457.
  9.  12
    Deception and adaptation: Multidisciplinary perspectives on presenting a neutral image.Thomas R. Shultz & Peter J. LaFrenière - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):263-264.
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  10. Stages in the evolution of ethnocentrism.Thomas R. Shultz, Max Hartshorn & Ross A. Hammond - 2008 - In B. C. Love, K. McRae & V. M. Sloutsky (eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 1244--1249.
     
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  11.  14
    Toward automatic constructive learning.Thomas R. Shultz - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (3):344-345.
    Neuroconstructivist modeling can be usefully extended with algorithms that build their own topology and recruit existing knowledge, effectively constructing a hierarchy of network modules. Possible benefits include allowing abilities to emerge naturally, in a way that affords objective study, deeper insights, and more rapid progress, and provides more serious consideration of the implications of constructivism.
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  12.  34
    The challenge of representational redescription.Thomas R. Shultz - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):728-729.
  13.  10
    The logical and empirical bases of conservation judgements.Thomas R. Shultz, Arlene Dover & Eric Amsel - 1979 - Cognition 7 (2):99-123.
  14.  21
    The rationality of causal inference.Thomas R. Shultz - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (3):503-504.
  15. Why is ethnocentrism more common than humanitarianism.Thomas R. Shultz, Max Hartshorn & Artem Kaznatcheev - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 2100--2105.
  16.  12
    A Resource‐Rational, Process‐Level Account of the St. Petersburg Paradox.Ardavan S. Nobandegani & Thomas R. Shultz - 2020 - Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (1):417-432.
    How much would you pay to play a lottery with an “infinite expected payoff?” In the case of the century old, St. Petersburg Paradox, the answer is that the vast majority of people would only pay a small amount. The authors seek to understand this paradox by providing an explanation consistent with a broad, process‐level model of human decision‐making under risk.
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  17. A constructivist connectionist model of transitions on false-belief tasks.Vincent G. Berthiaume, Thomas R. Shultz & Kristine H. Onishi - 2013 - Cognition 126 (3):441-458.
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  18.  46
    From neural constructivism to children's cognitive development: Bridging the gap.Denis Mareschal & Thomas R. Shultz - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (4):571-572.
    Missing from Quartz & Sejnowski's (Q&S's) unique and valuable effort to relate cognitive development to neural constructivism is an examination of the global emergent properties of adding new neural circuits. Such emergent properties can be studied with computational models. Modeling with generative connectionist networks shows that synaptogenic mechanisms can account for progressive increases in children's representational power.
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  19.  9
    Computational Models of Development: A Symposium.Kim Plunkett & Thomas R. Shultz - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 18--61.
  20.  31
    Moral externalization may precede, not follow, subjective preferences.Artem Kaznatcheev & Thomas R. Shultz - 2018 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41.
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  21.  21
    Limitations of the Dirac formalism as a descriptive framework for cognition.Artem Kaznatcheev & Thomas R. Shultz - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):292 - 293.
    We highlight methodological and theoretical limitations of the authors' Dirac formalism and suggest the von Neumann open systems approach as a resolution. The open systems framework is a generalization of classical probability and we hope it will allow cognitive scientists to extend quantum probability from perception, categorization, memory, decision making, and similarity judgments to phenomena in learning and development.
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  22. Modeling acquisition of a torque rule on the balance-scale task.Fredéric Dandurand & Thomas R. Shultz - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 1541--6.
     
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  23.  41
    Modeling consciousness.Frédéric Dandurand & Thomas R. Shultz - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (3):334-334.
    Perruchet & Vinter do not fully resolve issues about the role of consciousness and the unconscious in cognition and learning, and it is doubtful that consciousness has been computationally implemented. The cascade-correlation (CC) connectionist model develops high-order feature detectors as it learns a problem. We describe an extension, knowledge-based cascade-correlation (KBCC), that uses knowledge to learn in a hierarchical fashion.
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  24.  18
    Prospects for automatic recoding of inputs in connectionist learning.Nicolas Szilas & Thomas R. Shultz - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (1):81-82.
    Clark & Thornton present the well-established principle that recoding inputs can make learning easier. A useful goal would be to make such recoding automatic. We discuss some ways in which incrementality and transfer in connectionist networks could attain this goal.
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  25. Computational power and realistic cognitive development.David Buckingham & Thomas R. Shultz - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 507--511.
  26. A connectionist model of the development of velocity, time, and distance concepts.David Buckingham & Thomas R. Shultz - 1994 - In Ashwin Ram & Kurt Eiselt (eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society: August 13 to 16, 1994, Georgia Institute of Technology. Erlbaum. pp. 72--77.
  27. Learning the structure of abstract groups.Dirk Schlimm & Thomas R. Shultz - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 2100--5.
     
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  28.  23
    Brain and cognitive development.Gert Westermann, Sylvain Sirois, Thomas R. Shultz & Denis Mareschal - 2006 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (5):227-232.
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  29.  15
    The embodied mind: understanding the mysteries of cellular memory, consciousness, and our bodies.Thomas R. Verny - 2021 - New York, NY: Pegasus Books.
    We understand the workings of the human body as a series of interdependent physiological relationships: muscle interacts with bone as the heart responds to hormones secreted by the brain, all the way down to the inner workings of every cell. To make an organism function, no one component can work alone. In light of this, why is it that the accepted understanding that the physical phenomenon of the mind is attributed only to the brain? In The Embodied Mind, internationally renowned (...)
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  30.  22
    Effects of context change on forgetting in rats.Thomas R. Zentall - 1970 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 86 (3):440.
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  31.  22
    Abstract codes are not just for chimpanzees.Thomas R. Zentall - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):157-158.
  32.  26
    A multichannel information-processing system is simpler and more easily tested.Thomas R. Zentall - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (5):646-646.
    The dance metaphor for the communication between two organisms may be an appealing image because it appears to capture the intricate synchronization of their interaction; however, it is neither parsimonious nor easily tested. Instead, a multichannel information-processing model, even one that can process only serial events, provides all of the flexibility required to account for the complex temporal coordinated action observed.
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  33.  22
    A potentially testable mechanism to account for altruistic behavior.Thomas R. Zentall - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (2):282-282.
    It is assumed that self-control always has a higher value. What if it does not? Furthermore, although there are clearly intrinsic reinforcers, their measurement is problematic, especially for a behavioral analyst. Finally, is it more parsimonious to postulate that these behaviors are acquired rather than genetically based?
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  34.  18
    “Bouncing back” from a loss: A statistical artifact.Thomas R. Zentall - 1991 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29 (5):384-386.
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  35.  46
    Evidence both for and against metacognition is insufficient.Thomas R. Zentall - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (3):357-358.
    The authors' attempt to explore the ability of animals to monitor how certain they are of their choice behavior, necessarily fails both in their effort to include “higher” mammals (such as monkeys and dolphins) in the class of metacognitive organisms (humans) and in their conclusion that “lower” organisms are not capable of similar behavior.
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  36.  23
    Insufficient support for either response “priming” or “program-level imitation”.Thomas R. Zentall - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (5):708-709.
    Byrne & Russon propose that priming can account for the imitation of simple actions, but they fail to explain how the behavior of another can prime the observer's own behavior. They also propose that imitation of complex skills requires a sequence of acts tied together by a program, but they fail to rule out the role of trial-and-error learning and perceptual/motivational mechanisms in such task acquisition.
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  37.  20
    In support of cognitive theories.Thomas R. Zentall - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):654.
  38.  19
    Memory in the pigeon: Proactive inhibition in a delayed matching task.Thomas R. Zentall & David E. Hogan - 1974 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 4 (2):109-112.
  39.  71
    Social learning mechanisms: Implications for a cognitive theory of imitation.Thomas R. Zentall - 2011 - Interaction Studies 12 (2):233-261.
    Social influence and social learning are important to the survival of many organisms, and certain forms of social learning also may have important implications for their underlying cognitive processes. The various forms of social influence and learning are discussed with special emphasis on the mechanisms that may be responsible for opaque imitation (the copying of a response that the observer cannot easily see when it produces the response). Three procedures are examined, the results of which may qualify as opaque imitation: (...)
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  40.  35
    The assessment of intentionality in animals.Thomas R. Zentall - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (4):663-663.
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  41.  22
    The cost of an interrupted response pattern.Thomas R. Zentall - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):147-148.
  42.  23
    The heuristic value of representation.Thomas R. Zentall - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):393-394.
  43.  21
    What can we learn from the absence of evidence?Thomas R. Zentall - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1):133-134.
    Heyes discounts findings of imitation and self recognition in nonhuman primates based on flimsy speculation and then indicates that even positive findings would not provide evidence of theory of mind. Her proposed experiment is unlikely to work, however, because, even if the animals have a theory of mind, a number of assumptions, not directly related to theory of mind, must be made about their reasoning ability.
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  44.  19
    Memory in the pigeon: Retroactive inhibition in a delayed matching task.Thomas R. Zentall - 1973 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1 (2):126-128.
  45.  16
    Social learning mechanisms: Implications for a cognitive theory of imitation.Thomas R. Zentall - 2011 - Interaction Studies 12 (2):233-261.
  46. Sartre and Marxist Existentialism the Test Case of Collective Responsibility /Thomas R. Flynn. --. --.Thomas R. Flynn - 1984 - University of Chicago Press, 1984.
     
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  47. 21 Some Perspectives on Survival Thomas R. Tietze.Thomas R. Tietze - 1974 - In John Warren White (ed.), Frontiers of consciousness: the meeting ground between inner and outer reality. New York: Julian Press. pp. 337.
     
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  48.  65
    The impact of ethics code familiarity on manager behavior.Thomas R. Wotruba, Lawrence B. Chonko & Terry W. Loe - 2000 - Journal of Business Ethics 33 (1):59 - 69.
    Codes of ethics exist in many, if not the majority, of all large U.S. companies today. But how the impact of these written codes affect managerial attitudes and behavior is still not clearly documented or explained. This study takes a step in that direction by proposing that attention should shift from the codes themselves as the sources of ethical behavior to the persons whose behavior is the focus of these codes. In particular, this study investigates the role of code familiarity (...)
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  49. Adam Smith on Morality and Self-Interest.Thomas R. Wells - 2013 - In Christopher Luetege (ed.), Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Springer. pp. 281--296.
    Adam Smith is respected as the father of contemporary economics for his work on systemizing classical economics as an independent field of study in The Wealth of Nations. But he was also a significant moral philosopher of the Scottish Enlightenment, with its characteristic concern for integrating sentiments and rationality. This article considers Adam Smith as a key moral philosopher of commercial society whose critical reflection upon the particular ethical challenges posed by the new pressures and possibilities of commercial society remains (...)
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  50. Paternalism in public health care.Thomas R. V. Nys - 2008 - Public Health Ethics 1 (1):64-72.
    University of Utrecht, Department of Philosophy, Heidelberglaan 6, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 30 253 28 74, Email: Thomas.Nys{at}phil.uu.nl ' + u + '@' + d + ' '//-->Measures in public health care seem vulnerable to charges of paternalism: their aim is to protect, restore, or promote people's health, but the public character of these measures seems to leave insufficient room for respect for individual autonomy. This paper wants to explore three challenges to these charges: Measures in (...)
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