Results for 'Thomas R. Shultz'

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  1.  9
    From neural constructivism to children's cognitive development: Bridging the gap.Denis Mareschal & Thomas R. Shultz - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (4):571-572.
    Missing from Quartz & Sejnowski's (Q&S's) unique and valuable effort to relate cognitive development to neural constructivism is an examination of the global emergent properties of adding new neural circuits. Such emergent properties can be studied with computational models. Modeling with generative connectionist networks shows that synaptogenic mechanisms can account for progressive increases in children's representational power.
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  2.  27
    Cognitive dissonance reduction as constraint satisfaction.Thomas R. Shultz & Mark R. Lepper - 1996 - Psychological Review 103 (2):219-240.
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  3.  4
    Neural networks discover a near-identity relation to distinguish simple syntactic forms.Thomas R. Shultz & Alan C. Bale - 2006 - Minds and Machines 16 (2):107-139.
    Computer simulations show that an unstructured neural-network model [Shultz, T. R., & Bale, A. C. (2001). Infancy, 2, 501–536] covers the essential features␣of infant learning of simple grammars in an artificial language [Marcus, G. F., Vijayan, S., Bandi Rao, S., & Vishton, P. M. (1999). Science, 283, 77–80], and generalizes to examples both outside and inside of the range of training sentences. Knowledge-representation analyses confirm that these networks discover that duplicate words in the sentences are nearly identical and that (...)
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  4.  7
    Prototypes and portability in artificial neural network models.Thomas R. Shultz - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (4):493-494.
    The Page target article is interesting because of apparent coverage of many psychological phenomena with simple, unified neural techniques. However, prototype phenomena cannot be covered because the strongest response would be to the first-learned stimulus in each category rather than to a prototype stimulus or most frequently presented stimuli. Alternative methods using distributed coding can also achieve portability of network knowledge.
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  5.  4
    Toward automatic constructive learning.Thomas R. Shultz - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (3):344-345.
    Neuroconstructivist modeling can be usefully extended with algorithms that build their own topology and recruit existing knowledge, effectively constructing a hierarchy of network modules. Possible benefits include allowing abilities to emerge naturally, in a way that affords objective study, deeper insights, and more rapid progress, and provides more serious consideration of the implications of constructivism.
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  6.  4
    A computational model of infant learning and reasoning with probabilities.Thomas R. Shultz & Ardavan S. Nobandegani - 2022 - Psychological Review 129 (6):1281-1295.
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  7.  21
    The rationality of causal inference.Thomas R. Shultz - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (3):503-504.
  8.  12
    A generative neural network analysis of conservation.Thomas R. Shultz - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 18--65.
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  9.  27
    Rule following and rule use in the balance-scale task.Thomas R. Shultz & Yoshio Takane - 2007 - Cognition 103 (3):460-472.
  10. Acquisition of concepts with characteristic and defining features.Thomas R. Shultz, Jean-Philippe Thivierge & Kristin Laurin - 2008 - In B. C. Love, K. McRae & V. M. Sloutsky (eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 531--536.
     
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  11.  27
    Choosing a unifying theory for cognitive development.Thomas R. Shultz - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):456-457.
  12.  12
    Deception and adaptation: Multidisciplinary perspectives on presenting a neutral image.Thomas R. Shultz & Peter J. LaFrenière - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (2):263-264.
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  13. Stages in the evolution of ethnocentrism.Thomas R. Shultz, Max Hartshorn & Ross A. Hammond - 2008 - In B. C. Love, K. McRae & V. M. Sloutsky (eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society. pp. 1244--1249.
     
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  14.  34
    The challenge of representational redescription.Thomas R. Shultz - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):728-729.
  15.  10
    The logical and empirical bases of conservation judgements.Thomas R. Shultz, Arlene Dover & Eric Amsel - 1979 - Cognition 7 (2):99-123.
  16. Why is ethnocentrism more common than humanitarianism.Thomas R. Shultz, Max Hartshorn & Artem Kaznatcheev - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 2100--2105.
  17. Learning the structure of abstract groups.Dirk Schlimm & Thomas R. Shultz - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 2100--5.
     
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  18. A constructivist connectionist model of transitions on false-belief tasks.Vincent G. Berthiaume, Thomas R. Shultz & Kristine H. Onishi - 2013 - Cognition 126 (3):441-458.
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  19. Modeling acquisition of a torque rule on the balance-scale task.Fredéric Dandurand & Thomas R. Shultz - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. pp. 1541--6.
     
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  20.  12
    A Resource‐Rational, Process‐Level Account of the St. Petersburg Paradox.Ardavan S. Nobandegani & Thomas R. Shultz - 2020 - Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (1):417-432.
    How much would you pay to play a lottery with an “infinite expected payoff?” In the case of the century old, St. Petersburg Paradox, the answer is that the vast majority of people would only pay a small amount. The authors seek to understand this paradox by providing an explanation consistent with a broad, process‐level model of human decision‐making under risk.
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  21. A connectionist model of the development of velocity, time, and distance concepts.David Buckingham & Thomas R. Shultz - 1994 - In Ashwin Ram & Kurt Eiselt (eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society: August 13 to 16, 1994, Georgia Institute of Technology. Erlbaum. pp. 72--77.
  22.  21
    Limitations of the Dirac formalism as a descriptive framework for cognition.Artem Kaznatcheev & Thomas R. Shultz - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):292 - 293.
    We highlight methodological and theoretical limitations of the authors' Dirac formalism and suggest the von Neumann open systems approach as a resolution. The open systems framework is a generalization of classical probability and we hope it will allow cognitive scientists to extend quantum probability from perception, categorization, memory, decision making, and similarity judgments to phenomena in learning and development.
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  23.  31
    Moral externalization may precede, not follow, subjective preferences.Artem Kaznatcheev & Thomas R. Shultz - 2018 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41.
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  24.  8
    Modeling consciousness.Frédéric Dandurand & Thomas R. Shultz - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (3):334-334.
    Perruchet & Vinter do not fully resolve issues about the role of consciousness and the unconscious in cognition and learning, and it is doubtful that consciousness has been computationally implemented. The cascade-correlation (CC) connectionist model develops high-order feature detectors as it learns a problem. We describe an extension, knowledge-based cascade-correlation (KBCC), that uses knowledge to learn in a hierarchical fashion.
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  25.  15
    Prospects for automatic recoding of inputs in connectionist learning.Nicolas Szilas & Thomas R. Shultz - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (1):81-82.
    Clark & Thornton present the well-established principle that recoding inputs can make learning easier. A useful goal would be to make such recoding automatic. We discuss some ways in which incrementality and transfer in connectionist networks could attain this goal.
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  26. Computational power and realistic cognitive development.David Buckingham & Thomas R. Shultz - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 507--511.
  27.  9
    Computational Models of Development: A Symposium.Kim Plunkett & Thomas R. Shultz - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 18--61.
  28.  23
    Brain and cognitive development.Gert Westermann, Sylvain Sirois, Thomas R. Shultz & Denis Mareschal - 2006 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (5):227-232.
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  29.  12
    Truth, content, and the hypothetico-deductive method.Thomas R. Grimes - 1990 - Philosophy of Science 57 (3):514-522.
    After presenting the major objections raised against standard formulations of the H-D method of theory testing, I identify what seems to be an important element of truth underlying the method. I then draw upon this element in an effort to develop a plausible formulation of the H-D method which avoids the various objections.
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  30. Sartre and Marxist Existentialism the Test Case of Collective Responsibility /Thomas R. Flynn. --. --.Thomas R. Flynn - 1984 - University of Chicago Press, 1984.
     
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  31.  6
    Sartre and Marxist existentialism: the test case of collective responsibility.Thomas R. Flynn - 1984 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    In this important book, Thomas R. Flynn reinterprets and evaluates Sartre's social and political philosophy, arguing that the existential ethics of Sartre's ...
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  32.  27
    Medical Humanities: An Introduction.Thomas R. Cole, Nathan S. Carlin & Ronald A. Carson - 2014 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Nathan Carlin & Ronald A. Carson.
    This textbook brings the humanities to students in order to evoke the humanity of students. It helps to form individuals who take charge of their own minds, who are free from narrow and unreflective forms of thought, and who act compassionately in their public and professional worlds. Using concepts and methods of the humanities, the book addresses undergraduate and premed students, medical students, and students in other health professions, as well as physicians and other healthcare practitioners. It encourages them to (...)
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  33. Sartre: A Philosophical Biography.Thomas R. Flynn - 2014 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Jean-Paul Sartre was one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Regarded as the father of existentialist philosophy, he was also a political critic, moralist, playwright, novelist, and author of biographies and short stories. Thomas R. Flynn provides the first book-length account of Sartre as a philosopher of the imaginary, mapping the intellectual development of his ideas throughout his life, and building a narrative that is not only philosophical but also attentive to the political and literary dimensions (...)
     
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  34.  21
    The Political Thought of Jean-Paul Sartre: Three Essays: I. L'Imagination Au Pouvoir: The Evolution of Sartre's Political and Social Thought.Thomas R. Flynn - 1979 - Political Theory 7 (2):157-182.
  35.  14
    L'imagination au pouvoir: The evolution of Sartre's political and social thought.Thomas R. Flynn - 1979 - Political Theory 7 (2):157-180.
  36. Effects of changing practitioner empathy and patient expectations in healthcare consultations.Jeremy Howick, Thomas R. Fanshawe, Alexander Mebius, Carl J. Heneghan, Felicity Bishop, Paul Little, Patriek Mistiaen & Nia W. Roberts - 2015 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11:Art. No.: CD011934..
    This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: -/- The main aim of this review will be to assess the effects of changing practitioner empathy or patient expectations for all conditions. The main objective is to conduct a systematic review of randomised trials where the intervention involves manipulating either (a) practitioner empathy or (b) patient expectations, or (c) both.
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  37. 21 Some Perspectives on Survival Thomas R. Tietze.Thomas R. Tietze - 1974 - In John Warren White (ed.), Frontiers of consciousness: the meeting ground between inner and outer reality. New York: Julian Press. pp. 337.
     
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  38.  8
    The myth of supervenience.Thomas R. Grimes - 1988 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 69 (June):152-60.
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  39.  12
    Sartre, Foucault, and Historical Reason, Volume One: Toward an Existentialist Theory of History.Thomas R. Flynn - 1997 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Sartre and Foucault were two of the most prominent and at times mutually antagonistic philosophical figures of the twentieth century. And nowhere are the antithetical natures of their existentialist and poststructuralist philosophies more apparent than in their disparate approaches to historical understanding. A history, thought Foucault, should be a kind of map, a comparative charting of structural transformations and displacements. But for Sartre, authentic historical understanding demanded a much more personal and committed narrative, a kind of interpretive diary of moral (...)
  40.  17
    Organism-environment mutuality epistemics, and the concept of an ecological niche.Thomas R. Alley - 1985 - Synthese 65 (3):411 - 444.
    The concept of an ecological niche (econiche) has been used in a variety of ways, some of which are incompatible with a relational or functional interpretation of the term. This essay seeks to standardize usage by limiting the concept to functional relations between organisms and their surroundings, and to revise the concept to include epistemic relations. For most organisms, epistemics are a vital aspect of their functional relationships to their surroundings and, hence, a major determinant of their econiche. Rejecting the (...)
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  41.  6
    Sartre, Foucault, and historical reason.Thomas R. Flynn - 1997 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Sartre and Foucault were two of the most prominent and at times mutually antagonistic philosophical figures of the twentieth century. And nowhere are the antithetical natures of their existentialist and poststructuralist philosophies more apparent than in their disparate approaches to historical understanding. A history, thought Foucault, should be a kind of map, a comparative charting of structural transformations and displacements. But for Sartre, authentic historical understanding demanded a much more personal and committed narrative, a kind of interpretive diary of moral (...)
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  42.  6
    Sartre and Flaubert.Thomas R. Flynn - 1984 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 22 (1):133-134.
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  43.  29
    Paternalism in public health care.Thomas R. V. Nys - 2008 - Public Health Ethics 1 (1):64-72.
    University of Utrecht, Department of Philosophy, Heidelberglaan 6, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 30 253 28 74, Email: Thomas.Nys{at}phil.uu.nl ' + u + '@' + d + ' '//-->Measures in public health care seem vulnerable to charges of paternalism: their aim is to protect, restore, or promote people's health, but the public character of these measures seems to leave insufficient room for respect for individual autonomy. This paper wants to explore three challenges to these charges: Measures in (...)
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  44. Adam Smith on Morality and Self-Interest.Thomas R. Wells - 2013 - In Christoph Luetge (ed.), Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp. 281--296.
    Adam Smith is respected as the father of contemporary economics for his work on systemizing classical economics as an independent field of study in The Wealth of Nations. But he was also a significant moral philosopher of the Scottish Enlightenment, with its characteristic concern for integrating sentiments and rationality. This article considers Adam Smith as a key moral philosopher of commercial society whose critical reflection upon the particular ethical challenges posed by the new pressures and possibilities of commercial society remains (...)
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  45. Sartre and Marxist Existentialism: The Test Case of Collective Responsibility.Thomas R. Flynn - 1987 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 21 (2):123-124.
     
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  46.  15
    Sartre, Foucault, and Historical Reason, Volume Two: A Poststructuralist Mapping of History.Thomas R. Flynn - 2005 - University of Chicago Press.
    Sartre and Foucault were two of the most prominent and at times mutually antagonistic philosophical figures of the twentieth century. And nowhere are the antithetical natures of their existentialist and poststructuralist philosophies more apparent than in their disparate approaches to historical understanding. In Volume One of this authoritative two-volume study, Thomas R. Flynn conducted a pivotal and comprehensive reconstruction of Sartrean historical theory. This long-awaited second volume offers a comprehensive and critical reading of the Foucauldian counterpoint. A history, theorized (...)
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  47.  67
    Social learning mechanisms: Implications for a cognitive theory of imitation.Thomas R. Zentall - 2011 - Interaction Studies 12 (2):233-261.
    Social influence and social learning are important to the survival of many organisms, and certain forms of social learning also may have important implications for their underlying cognitive processes. The various forms of social influence and learning are discussed with special emphasis on the mechanisms that may be responsible for opaque imitation (the copying of a response that the observer cannot easily see when it produces the response). Three procedures are examined, the results of which may qualify as opaque imitation: (...)
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  48.  16
    Social learning mechanisms: Implications for a cognitive theory of imitation.Thomas R. Zentall - 2011 - Interaction Studies 12 (2):233-261.
  49.  11
    Social learning mechanisms.Thomas R. Zentall - 2011 - Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies / Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies 12 (2):233-261.
    Social influence and social learning are important to the survival of many organisms, and certain forms of social learning also may have important implications for their underlying cognitive processes. The various forms of social influence and learning are discussed with special emphasis on the mechanisms that may be responsible for opaque imitation. Three procedures are examined, the results of which may qualify as opaque imitation: the bidirectional control procedure, the two- action procedure, and the do-as-I-do procedure. Variables that appear to (...)
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  50.  35
    The assessment of intentionality in animals.Thomas R. Zentall - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (4):663-663.
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