Results for 'David Michael Kaplan'

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  1. The Explanatory Force of Dynamical and Mathematical Models in Neuroscience: A Mechanistic Perspective.David Michael Kaplan & Carl F. Craver - 2011 - Philosophy of Science 78 (4):601-627.
    We argue that dynamical and mathematical models in systems and cognitive neuro- science explain (rather than redescribe) a phenomenon only if there is a plausible mapping between elements in the model and elements in the mechanism for the phe- nomenon. We demonstrate how this model-to-mechanism-mapping constraint, when satisfied, endows a model with explanatory force with respect to the phenomenon to be explained. Several paradigmatic models including the Haken-Kelso-Bunz model of bimanual coordination and the difference-of-Gaussians model of visual receptive fields are (...)
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  2. Explanation and description in computational neuroscience.David Michael Kaplan - 2011 - Synthese 183 (3):339-373.
    The central aim of this paper is to shed light on the nature of explanation in computational neuroscience. I argue that computational models in this domain possess explanatory force to the extent that they describe the mechanisms responsible for producing a given phenomenon—paralleling how other mechanistic models explain. Conceiving computational explanation as a species of mechanistic explanation affords an important distinction between computational models that play genuine explanatory roles and those that merely provide accurate descriptions or predictions of phenomena. It (...)
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  3. How to demarcate the boundaries of cognition.David Michael Kaplan - 2012 - Biology and Philosophy 27 (4):545-570.
    Advocates of extended cognition argue that the boundaries of cognition span brain, body, and environment. Critics maintain that cognitive processes are confined to a boundary centered on the individual. All participants to this debate require a criterion for distinguishing what is internal to cognition from what is external. Yet none of the available proposals are completely successful. I offer a new account, the mutual manipulability account, according to which cognitive boundaries are determined by relationships of mutual manipulability between the properties (...)
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  4.  82
    Decoding the Brain: Neural Representation and the Limits of Multivariate Pattern Analysis in Cognitive Neuroscience.J. Brendan Ritchie, David Michael Kaplan & Colin Klein - 2019 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 70 (2):581-607.
    Since its introduction, multivariate pattern analysis, or ‘neural decoding’, has transformed the field of cognitive neuroscience. Underlying its influence is a crucial inference, which we call the decoder’s dictum: if information can be decoded from patterns of neural activity, then this provides strong evidence about what information those patterns represent. Although the dictum is a widely held and well-motivated principle in decoding research, it has received scant philosophical attention. We critically evaluate the dictum, arguing that it is false: decodability is (...)
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  5.  93
    Moving parts: the natural alliance between dynamical and mechanistic modeling approaches.David Michael Kaplan - 2015 - Biology and Philosophy 30 (6):757-786.
    Recently, it has been provocatively claimed that dynamical modeling approaches signal the emergence of a new explanatory framework distinct from that of mechanistic explanation. This paper rejects this proposal and argues that dynamical explanations are fully compatible with, even naturally construed as, instances of mechanistic explanations. Specifically, it is argued that the mathematical framework of dynamics provides a powerful descriptive scheme for revealing temporal features of activities in mechanisms and plays an explanatory role to the extent it is deployed for (...)
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  6. Decoding the Brain: Neural Representation and the Limits of Multivariate Pattern Analysis in Cognitive Neuroscience.J. Brendan Ritchie, David Michael Kaplan & Colin Klein - 2016 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science:axx023.
    Since its introduction, multivariate pattern analysis, or ‘neural decoding’, has transformed the field of cognitive neuroscience. Underlying its influence is a crucial inference, which we call the decoder’s dictum: if information can be decoded from patterns of neural activity, then this provides strong evidence about what information those patterns represent. Although the dictum is a widely held and well-motivated principle in decoding research, it has received scant philosophical attention. We critically evaluate the dictum, arguing that it is false: decodability is (...)
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  7.  36
    Explanation and Integration in Mind and Brain Science.David Michael Kaplan (ed.) - 2017 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
    Is the relationship between psychology and neuroscience one of autonomy or mutual constraint and integration? This volume includes new papers from leading philosophers seeking to address this issue by deepening our understanding of the similarities and differences between the explanatory patterns employed across these domains.
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  8. How to reconcile physicalism and antireductionism about biology.Alex Rosenberg & David Michael Kaplan - 2005 - Philosophy of Science 72 (1):43-68.
    Physicalism and antireductionism are the ruling orthodoxy in the philosophy of biology. But these two theses are difficult to reconcile. Merely embracing an epistemic antireductionism will not suffice, as both reductionists and antireductionists accept that given our cognitive interests and limitations, non-molecular explanations may not be improved, corrected or grounded in molecular ones. Moreover, antireductionists themselves view their claim as a metaphysical or ontological one about the existence of facts molecular biology cannot identify, express, or explain. However, this is tantamount (...)
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  9.  62
    Perception and Cognition: Essays in the Philosophy of Psychology.David Michael Kaplan - 2012 - Philosophical Psychology 25 (3):463-468.
    Philosophical Psychology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 1-6, Ahead of Print.
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  10.  24
    On the Generalization of Habituation: How Discrete Biological Systems Respond to Repetitive Stimuli.Mattia Bonzanni, Nicolas Rouleau, Michael Levin & David Lee Kaplan - 2019 - Bioessays 41 (7):1900028.
    Habituation, a form of non‐associative learning, isno longer studied exclusively within the fields of psychology and neuroscience. Indeed, the same stimulus–response pattern is observed at the molecular, cellular, and organismal scales and is not dependent upon the presence of neurons. Hence, a more inclusive theory is required to accommodate aneural forms of habituation. Here an abstraction of the habituation process that does not rely upon particular biological pathways or substrates is presented. Instead, five generalizable elements that define the habituation process (...)
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  11.  29
    An equal start: absence of group differences in cognitive, social, and neural measures prior to music or sports training in children.Assal Habibi, Beatriz Ilari, Kevin Crimi, Michael Metke, Jonas T. Kaplan, Anand A. Joshi, Richard M. Leahy, David W. Shattuck, So Y. Choi, Justin P. Haldar, Bronte Ficek, Antonio Damasio & Hanna Damasio - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  12.  33
    Treatment and survival from breast cancer: the experience of patients at South Australian teaching hospitals between 1977 and 2003.Colin Luke, Grantley Gill, Stephen Birrell, Vlad Humeniuk, Martin Borg, Christos Karapetis, Bogda Koczwara, Ian Olver, Michael Penniment, Ken Pittman, Tim Price, David Walsh, Eng Kiat Yeoh & David Roder - 2007 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 13 (2):212-220.
    Rationale Treatment guidelines recommend a more conservative surgical approach than mastectomy for early stage breast cancer and a stronger emphasis on adjuvant therapy. Registry data at South Australian teaching hospitals have been used to monitor survivals and treatment in relation to these guidelines.Aims and objectives To use registry data to: (1) investigate trends in survival and treatment; and (2) compare treatment with guidelines.Methods Registry data from three teaching hospitals were used to analyse trends in primary courses of treatment of breast (...)
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  13.  27
    The irrelevance of intentions to refer: demonstratives and demonstrations.Michael Devitt - 2021 - Philosophical Studies 179 (3):995-1004.
    According to Mario Gómez-Torrente in Roads to Reference, the reference of a demonstrative is fixed in an object by the speaker’s referential intentions. I argue that this is a mistake. First, I draw attention to a venerable alternative theory that Gómez-Torrente surprisingly overlooks: the reference is fixed in an object directly by a relation established in perceiving the object. Next I criticize IRH, arguing that it is implausible, redundant, and misleading. Finally, I present a theory of demonstrations that is like (...)
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  14.  31
    Determinants of time allocation across the lifespan.Michael Gurven & Hillard Kaplan - 2006 - Human Nature 17 (1):1-49.
    This paper lays the groundwork for a theory of time allocation across the life course, based on the idea that strength and skill vary as a function of age, and that return rates for different activities vary as a function of the combination of strength and skills involved in performing those tasks. We apply the model to traditional human subsistence patterns. The model predicts that young children engage most heavily in low-strength/low-skill activities, middle-aged adults in high-strength/high-skill activities, and older adults (...)
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  15.  22
    Leadership in an Egalitarian Society.Christopher von Rueden, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan & Jonathan Stieglitz - 2014 - Human Nature 25 (4):538-566.
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  16.  64
    Ethics Expertise and Moral Authority: Is There a Difference?David Michael Adams - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (2):27-28.
    Tarzian and ASBH Core Competencies Update Task Force (2013) say that making ethics consultation accountable means examining the abilities and qualifications of health care ethics consultants (HCECs...
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  17.  13
    My favorite cell: The lymphocyte at rest and at work.Nathalie Chaly, David L. Brown & J. Gordin Kaplan - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (6):272-276.
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  18. Mereological Nihilism and the Problem of Emergence.David Michael Cornell - 2017 - American Philosophical Quarterly 54 (1):77-87.
    Mereological nihilism is the view that there are no composite objects; everything in existence is mereologically simple. The view is subject to a number of difficulties, one of which concerns what I call the problem of emergence. Very briefly, the problem is that nihilism seems to be incompatible with emergent properties; it seems to rule out their very possibility. This is a problem because there are good independent reasons to believe that emergent properties are possible. This paper provides a solution (...)
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  19.  64
    Material Composition.David Michael Cornell - 2018 - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    A material composite object is an object composed of two or more material parts. The world, it seems, is simply awash with such things. The Eiffel Tower, for instance, is composed of iron girders, nuts and bolts, and so on. You and I, as human beings, are composed of flesh and bone, and various organs. Moreover, these parts themselves are composed of further parts, such as molecules, which themselves are composed of atoms, which are composed of sub-atomic particles. Material composite (...)
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  20.  35
    Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision.David Michael Levin (ed.) - 1993 - University of California Press.
    This collection of original essays by preeminent interpreters of continental philosophy explores the question of whether Western thought and culture have been dominated by a vision-centered paradigm of knowledge, ethics, and power. It focuses on the character of vision in modern philosophy and on arguments for and against the view that contemporary life and thought are distinctively "ocularcentric." The authors examine these ideas in the context of the history of philosophy and consider the character of visual discourse in the writings (...)
  21.  37
    The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays on Hermeneutics.David Michael Levin, Paul Ricoeur & Don Ihde - 1976 - Philosophical Review 85 (2):267.
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  22. The Listening Self: Personal Growth, Social Change and the Closure of Metaphysics.David Michael Levin - 1989 - Routledge.
    In a study that goes beyond the ego affirmed by Freudian psychology, David Levin offers an account of personal growth and self-fulfillment based on the development of our capacity for listening. Drawing on the work of Dewey, Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg, he uses the vocabulary of phenomenological psychology to distinguish four stages in this developmental process and brings us the significance of these stages for music, psychotherapy, ethics, politics, and ecology. This analysis substantiates his claim that the development of (...)
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  23.  27
    The Body's Recollection of Being: Phenomenological Psychology and the Deconstruction of Nihilism.David Michael Levin - 1985 - Routledge.
    This is a unique study, contuining the work of Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger, and using the techniques of phenomenology against the prevailing nihilism of our culture. It expands our understanding of the human potential for spiritual self-realization by interpreting it as the developing of a bodily-felt awareness informing our gestures and movements. The author argues that a psychological focus on our experience of well-being and pathology as embodied beings contributes significantly to a historically relevant critique of ideology. It also provides an (...)
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  24.  6
    The Body's Recollection of Being: Phenomenological Psychology and the Deconstruction of Nihilism.David Michael Levin - 1990 - Routledge.
    This is a unique study, contuining the work of Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger, and using the techniques of phenomenology against the prevailing nihilism of our culture. It expands our understanding of the human potential for spiritual self-realization by interpreting it as the developing of a bodily-felt awareness informing our gestures and movements. The author argues that a psychological focus on our experience of well-being and pathology as embodied beings contributes significantly to a historically relevant critique of ideology. It also provides an (...)
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  25.  9
    The Opening of Vision: Nihilism and the Postmodern Situation.David Michael Levin - 1988 - New York: Routledge.
    First published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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  26.  9
    The Body's Recollection of Being: Phenomenological Psychology and the Deconstruction of Nihilism.David Michael Levin - 1986 - Philosophy East and West 36 (4):435-436.
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  27. Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision.Hans Blumenberg, David Michael Levin & Joel Anderson - 1993 - In David Kleinberg-Levin (ed.), Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision. The University of California Press.
    This collection of original essays by preeminent interpreters of continental philosophy explores the question of whether Western thought and culture have been dominated by a vision-centered paradigm of knowledge, ethics, and power. It focuses on the character of vision in modern philosophy and on arguments for and against the view that contemporary life and thought are distinctively "ocularcentric." The authors examine these ideas in the context of the history of philosophy and consider the character of visual discourse in the writings (...)
     
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  28. Ontologies and Politics of Biogenomic'Race'.Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther & Jonathan Michael Kaplan - 2013 - Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 60 (136):54-80.
     
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  29. Justice in the Flesh.David Michael Levin - 1990 - In Galen A. Johnson & Michael B. Smith (eds.), Ontology and Alterity in Merleau-Ponty. Northwestern University Press.
     
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  30.  58
    Reason and Evidence in Husserl's Phenomenology.David Michael Levin - 1973 - Journal of Philosophy 70 (12):356-363.
  31.  7
    6. Decline and Fall: Ocularcentrism in Heidegger's Reading of the History of Metaphysics.David Michael Levin - 1993 - In Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision. University of California Press. pp. 186-217.
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  32.  24
    Do Report Cards Influence Hospital Choice? The Case of Kidney Transplantation.David H. Howard & Bruce Kaplan - 2006 - Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 43 (2):150-159.
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  33.  48
    II. The concept of mental illness: Working through the myths.David Michael Levin - 1976 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 19 (1-4):360-365.
    In ?Some Myths about ?Mental Illness'? (Inquiry, Vol. 18 [1975], No. 3), Michael Moore attempts to clarify and refute what he takes to be the radical (existential) position concerning the nature and diagnosis of mental illness. Moore's dissatisfaction with certain formulations and conceptualizations of the radical position is endorsed; as also the need to introduce greater rigor and precision into the discussion of mental illness. But Moore's clarifications are really misunderstandings and, in consequence, his refutations do not succeed. Moore's (...)
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  34.  30
    The Social Strategy Game.Stacey L. Rucas, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan & Jeffrey Winking - 2010 - Human Nature 21 (1):1-18.
    This paper examines social determinants of resource competition among Tsimane Amerindian women of Bolivia. We introduce a semi-anonymous experiment (the Social Strategy Game) designed to simulate resource competition among women. Information concerning dyadic social relationships and demographic data were collected to identify variables influencing resource competition intensity, as measured by the number of beads one woman took from another. Relationship variables are used to test how the affiliative or competitive aspects of dyads affect the extent of prosociality in the game. (...)
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  35.  78
    Induction and Husserl's theory of eidetic variation.David Michael Levin - 1968 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 29 (1):1-15.
  36. The ontological dimension of embodiment: Heidegger's thinking of being.David Michael Levin - 1999 - In Simon Critchley (ed.), The Body: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Blackwell.
     
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  37.  6
    The Opening of Vision: Nihilism and the Postmodern Situation.David Michael Levin - 1988 - New York: Routledge.
    First published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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  38.  13
    The Philosopher's Gaze: Modernity in the Shadows of Enlightenment.David Michael Levin - 1999 - Berkeley: University of California Press.
    David Michael Levin's ongoing exploration of the moral character and enlightenment-potential of vision takes a new direction in _The Philosopher's Gaze_. Levin examines texts by Descartes, Husserl, Wittgenstein, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Benjamin, Merleau-Ponty, and Lévinas, using our culturally dominant mode of perception and the philosophical discourse it has generated as the site for his critical reflections on the moral culture in which we are living. In Levin's view, all these philosophers attempted to understand, one way or another, the distinctive (...)
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  39.  58
    The Discursive Formation of the Body in the History of Medicine.David Michael Levin - 1990 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15 (5):515.
    The principal argument of the present paper is that the human body is as much a reflective formation of multiple discourses as it is an effect of natural and environmental processes. This paper examines the implications of this argument, and suggests that recognizing the body in this light can be illuminating, not only for our conception of the body, but also for our understanding of medicine. Since medicine is itself a discursive formation, a science with both a history, and a (...)
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  40. The Opening of Vision: Nihilism and the Postmodern Situation.David Michael Levin - 1988 - New York: Routledge.
    First published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
     
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  41. Visions of Narcissism: Intersubjectivity and the Reversals of Reflection.David Michael Levin - 1991 - In M. C. Dillon (ed.), Merleau-ponty vivant. Suny Press.
     
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  42.  39
    Salvaging Truth from Ontological Scrap.David Michael Cornell - 2021 - Philosophy 96 (3):433-455.
    What should one do when one's philosophical conclusions run counter to common sense? Bow to the might of ordinary opinion or follow the indiscriminate force of philosophical reason, no matter where it leads? A few strategies have recently been proposed which suggest we needn't have to make this difficult choice at all. According to these views, we can accept the truths of common sense whilst simultaneously endorsing philosophical views with which they seem to conflict. We can, for instance, accept it (...)
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  43.  10
    Health and medicine in the Jewish tradition: l'hayyim--to life.David Michael Feldman - 1986 - New York: Crossroad.
  44.  3
    Where there's life, there's life.David Michael Feldman - 2006 - Brooklyn, NY: Yashar Books.
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  45. Sanity and Myth In Affective Space: a Discussion Of Merleau-Ponty.David Michael Levin - unknown - Phil Forum 14:157-189.
     
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  46.  14
    Existentialism at the End of Modernity: Questioning the I's Eyes.David Michael Levin - 1990 - Philosophy Today 34 (1):80-95.
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  47. Tracework: Myself and others in the moral phenomenology of Merleau-ponty and Levinas.David Michael Levin - 1998 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 6 (3):345 – 392.
    In this study, I examine the significance of the trace and its legibility in the phenomenologies of Merleau-Ponty and Levinas, showing that this trope plays a more significant role in Merleau-Ponty's thinking than has been recognized heretofore and that it constitutes a crucial point of contact between Merleau-Ponty and Levinas. But this point of contact is also, in both their philosophies, a site where their thinking is compelled to confront its limits and the enigmas involved in the description of the (...)
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  48.  29
    A Responsive Voice.David Michael Levin - 1999 - Chiasmi International 1:65-102.
  49.  12
    Liberating Experience from the Vice of Structuralism: The Methods of Merleau-Ponty and Nagarjuna.David Michael Levin - 1997 - Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 28 (2):116-141.
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  50.  49
    The embodiment of the categorical imperative: Kafka, Foucault, Benjamin, Adorno and Levinas.David Michael Levin - 2001 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 27 (4):1-20.
    This study undertakes a hermeneutical reading of some texts in which the question of the embodiment of the categorical imperative, the responsibility enjoined by the procedural form of the moral law, is introduced. It is hoped that this reading will contribute to our understanding of the body of experience, the so-called body-subject, showing the body to be not only an object-body, not only, as in the work of Foucault, a material substratum for the application of power, but also, as Levinas (...)
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