Results for 'Embryo storage'

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  1.  19
    Tick Tock Goes the Clock: Rethinking Policy and Embryo Storage Limits.Anita Stuhmcke - 2014 - Feminist Legal Studies 22 (3):285-306.
    Cryopreservation of human embryos remains, in many jurisdictions, a critical component of the use of the technology of in vitro fertilisation in assisted reproduction. However, although the reasons for the freezing of reproductive material—such as cost effectiveness and reducing risks of IVF—are a constant across jurisdictions, the desirable length of storage remains subject to ongoing regulatory debate. Internationally embryo storage limits are variable. This article features data from a recent Australian research project which explores individual attitudes, desires (...)
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  2.  12
    Human embryos and eggs: from long-term storage to biobanking.Heather Widdows & Françoise Baylis - 2015 - Monash Bioethics Review 33 (4):340-359.
    Genetic relatedness poses significant challenges to traditional practices of medical ethics as concerns the biobanking of human biological samples. In this paper, we first outline the ethical challenges to informed consent and confidentiality as these apply to human biobanks, irrespective of the type of tissue being stored. We argue that the shared nature of genetic information has clear implications for informed consent, and the identifying nature of biological samples and information has clear implications for promises of confidentiality. Next, with regard (...)
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  3. Disappearing women, vanishing ladies and property in embryos.Donna Dickenson - 2017 - International Journal of Law and the Biosciences 4:1-6.
    Guidelines on embryo storage prioritise 'respect for the embryo' above the wishes of the women whose labour and tissue have gone into creating the embryo in the first place, effectively making women and the female body disappear. In this article I draw a parallel between this phenomenon relating to embryo storage and other instances of a similar phenomenon that I have called 'the lady vanishes', particularly in stem cell and 'mitochondrial transfer' research. I suggest (...)
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  4.  20
    The point of no return: Up to what point should we be allowed to withdraw consent to the storage and use of embryos and gametes?Lucy Frith & Eric Blyth - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (6):637-643.
    This article discusses when it is ethically acceptable to withdraw consent for the storage and use of embryos and gametes. Currently, the law in the UK states that consent to use of a gamete or embryo can be withdrawn up to the point of the embryo's transfer to the recipient's uterus or when the gamete is used in providing treatment services; that is, the ‘point of no return’. In this article, we will consider other points of no (...)
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  5.  12
    Frozen and forgotten: What are South African fertility clinics to do with surplus cryopreserved embryos once their patients lose interest?Donrich W. Thaldar & Aliki Edgcumbe - forthcoming - Developing World Bioethics.
    As is the case around the globe, South African fertility clinics face an ever‐expanding problem: what to do with the growing number of surplus cryopreserved embryos. Fertility clinics remain hesitant to destroy these abandoned embryos, partly because of concerns about the legal ramifications. This article clarifies the legal position in South Africa and offers practical recommendations to assist fertility clinics in managing abandoned embryos. In sum, fertility clinics cannot deem embryos as abandoned and discard them if fertility patients fail to (...)
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  6.  40
    Cryopreserved Embryos and Dignitas Personae : Another Option?Patrick A. Tully - 2012 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 22 (4):367-389.
    Many of the thousands of human embryos currently in cryogenic storage will sooner or later be discarded, often after being experimented upon. Others will remain in storage indefinitely, left there by parents who have no plans either to bring them to term or to offer them for adoption. These facts, coupled with a commitment to the basic moral equality of all human beings at all stages of development, generate a pressing question: What should be done for these embryos (...)
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  7.  40
    They Can't Have My Embryo: The Ethics of Conditional Embryo Donation.Lucy Frith & Eric Blyth - 2013 - Bioethics 27 (6):317-324.
    There are substantial numbers of frozen embryos in storage that will not be used by those who produced them for their own fertility treatment. One option for such embryos is to donate them to others to use in their fertility treatment. There has been considerable debate about how this process should be organized. In the US, there are embryo adoption programmes that mediate between those relinquishing embryos and potential recipients. This is a form of conditional embryo donation, (...)
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  8.  51
    The decision-making process for the fate of frozen embryos by Japanese infertile women: a qualitative study. [REVIEW]Shizuko Takahashi, Misao Fujita, Akihisa Fujimoto, Toshihiro Fujiwara, Tetsu Yano, Osamu Tsutsumi, Yuji Taketani & Akira Akabayashi - 2012 - BMC Medical Ethics 13 (1):9-.
    BackgroundPrevious studies have found that the decision-making process for stored unused frozen embryos involves much emotional burden influenced by socio-cultural factors. This study aims to ascertain how Japanese patients make a decision on the fate of their frozen embryos: whether to continue storage discard or donate to research.MethodsTen Japanese women who continued storage, 5 who discarded and 16 who donated to research were recruited from our infertility clinic. Tape-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed for emergent themes.ResultsA model of (...)
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  9.  25
    Health care ethics: critical issues for the 21st century.Eileen E. Morrison & Elizabeth Furlong (eds.) - 2019 - Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
    Theory of health care ethics -- Principles of health care ethics -- The moral status of gametes and embryos : storage and surrogacy -- The ethical challenges of the new reproductive technology -- Ethics and aging in America -- -- Healthcare ethics committees : roles, memberships, structure, and difficulties -- Ethics in the management of health information systems -- Technological advances in health care : blessing or ethics nightmare? -- Ethics and safe patient handling and mobility -- Spirituality and (...)
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  10. Sperm and ova as property.R. P. Jansen - 1985 - Journal of Medical Ethics 11 (3):123-126.
    To whom do sperm and ova belong? Few tissues are produced by the human body with more waste than the germ cells. Yet dominion over the germ cells, and over the early embryo that results from their union in vitro, is behind much of the emotion that modern reproductive intervention can engender. The germ cells differ from other human tissues that can be donated or transplanted because they carry readily utilizable genetic information. Eventual expression of the germ cells' genetic (...)
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  11. Keeping it in the family: reproduction beyond genetic parenthood.Daniela Cutas & Anna Smajdor - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    Recent decades have seen the facilitation of unconventional or even extraordinary reproductive endeavours. Sperm has been harvested from dying or deceased men at the request of their wives; reproductive tissue has been surgically removed from children at the request of their parents; deceased adults’ frozen embryos have been claimed by their parents, in order to create grandchildren; wombs have been transplanted from mothers to their daughters. What is needed for requests to be honoured by healthcare staff is that they align (...)
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  12.  28
    The Department of Health Review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990.Caroline Jones - 2006 - Clinical Ethics 1 (4):200-204.
    The Department of Health's Review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 is a comprehensive public consultation on the regulation of the storage and use of gametes and embryos for fertility treatment and research in the UK. The consultation considers a range of issues, including the model and scope of regulation and proposals for a single body, the Regulatory Authority for Tissue and Embryos, to replace both the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and the Human Tissue Authority by (...)
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  13.  25
    Waiting to be born: The ethical implications of the generation of “nuborn” and “nuage” mice from pre-pubertal ovarian tissue.Laurie Zoloth, Leilah Backhus & Teresa Woodruff - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (6):21 – 29.
    Oncofertility is one of the 9 NIH Roadmap Initiatives, federal grants intended to explore previously intractable questions, and it describes a new field that exists in the liminal space between cancer treatment and its sequelae, IVF clinics and their yearning, and basic research in cell growth, biomaterials, and reproductive science and its tempting promises. Cancer diagnoses, which were once thought universally fatal, now often entail management of a chronic disease. Yet the therapies are rigorous, must start immediately, and in many (...)
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  14.  66
    Britain's new preimplantation tissue typing policy: an ethical defence.N. R. Ram - 2006 - Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (5):278-282.
    The UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority was right to permit tissue typing preimplantation genetic diagnosisOn July 21 2004, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority , Britain’s regulatory agency for reproductive technologies, revised its policy on preimplantation genetic diagnosis for tissue typing.1,2 The authority of the HFEA to enact such a policy was affirmed by the UK’s highest court, the House of Lords, on April 28 2005.3 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis combines in vitro fertilisation with genetic testing. In PGD, embryos generally (...)
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  15.  59
    Like/as: Metaphor and meaning in bioethics narrative.Laurie Zoloth, Leilah Backhus, Teresa Woodruff, Alyssa Henning & Michal Raucher - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (6):W3 – W5.
    Oncofertility is one of the 9 NIH Roadmap Initiatives, federal grants intended to explore previously intractable questions, and it describes a new field that exists in the liminal space between cancer treatment and its sequelae, IVF clinics and their yearning, and basic research in cell growth, biomaterials, and reproductive science and its tempting promises. Cancer diagnoses, which were once thought universally fatal, now often entail management of a chronic disease. Yet the therapies are rigorous, must start immediately, and in many (...)
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  16.  55
    Embryo Donation in Iran: An Ethical Review.Leila Afshar & Alireza Bagheri - 2012 - Developing World Bioethics 13 (3):119-124.
    Iran is the only Muslim country that has legislation on embryo donation, adopted in 2003. With an estimated 10–15% of couples in the country that are infertile, there are not any legal or religious barriers that prohibit an infertile couple from taking advantage of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). Although all forms of ARTs available in Iran have been legitimized by religious authorities, there is a lack of legislation in all ARTs except embryo donation. By highlighting ethical issues in (...)
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  17. Frozen Embryos and The Obligation to Adopt.Bruce P. Blackshaw & Nicholas Colgrove - 2020 - Bioethics (8):1-5.
    Rob Lovering has developed an interesting new critique of views that regard embryos as equally valuable as other human beings: the moral argument for frozen human embryo adoption. The argument is aimed at those who believe that the death of a frozen embryo is a very bad thing, and Lovering concludes that some who hold this view ought to prevent one of these deaths by adopting and gestating a frozen embryo. Contra Lovering, we show that there are (...)
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  18.  22
    Rethinking Human Embryo Research Policies.Kirstin R. W. Matthews, Ana S. Iltis, Nuria Gallego Marquez, Daniel S. Wagner, Jason Scott Robert, Inmaculada de Melo-Martín, Marieke Bigg, Sarah Franklin, Soren Holm, Ingrid Metzler, Matteo A. Molè, Jochen Taupitz, Giuseppe Testa & Jeremy Sugarman - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (1):47-51.
    It now seems technically feasible to culture human embryos beyond the “fourteen‐day limit,” which has the potential to increase scientific understanding of human development and perhaps improve infertility treatments. The fourteen‐day limit was adopted as a compromise but subsequently has been considered an ethical line. Does it remain relevant in light of technological advances permitting embryo maturation beyond it? Should it be changed and, if so, how and why? What justifications would be necessary to expand the limit, particularly given (...)
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  19.  34
    The subject of the scourge: Questioning implications from natural embryo loss.Charles C. Camosy - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (7):20 – 21.
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  20.  23
    Storage Operators and ∀‐positive Types in TTR Type System.Karim Nour - 1996 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 42 (1):349-368.
    In 1990, J. L. Krivine introduced the notion of storage operator to simulate “call by value” in the “call by name” strategy. J. L. Krivine has showed that, using Gödel translation of classical into intuitionistic logic, one can find a simple type for the storage operators in AF2 type system. This paper studies the ∀-positive types and the Gödel transformations of TTR type system. We generalize by using syntactical methods Krivine's theorem about these types and for these transformations. (...)
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  21.  38
    Embryo experimentation: is there a case for moving beyond the ‘14-day rule’.Grant Castelyn - 2020 - Monash Bioethics Review 38 (2):181-196.
    Recent scientific advances have indicated that it may be technically feasible to sustain human embryos in vitro beyond 14 days. Research beyond this stage is currently restricted by a guideline known as the 14-day rule. Since the advances in embryo culturing there have been calls to extend the current limit. Much of the current debate concerning an extension has regarded the 14-day rule as a political compromise and has, therefore, focused on policy concerns rather than assessing the philosophical foundations (...)
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  22. Embryo loss and double effect.Ezio Di Nucci - 2013 - Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (8):537-540.
    I defend the argument that if embryo loss in stem cell research is morally problematic, then embryo loss in in vivo conception is similarly morally problematic. According to a recent challenge to this argument, we can distinguish between in vivo embryo loss and the in vitro embryo loss of stem cell research by appealing to the doctrine of double effect. I argue that this challenge fails to show that in vivo embryo loss is a mere (...)
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  23.  14
    Storage of Information and Its Implications for Human Development: A Dialectic Approach.Gregorio Zlotnik & Aaron Vansintjan - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    How has the storage of information shaped human cognition? We bring together current advances in cognitive science, the neurobiology of memory, and archaeology to explore how storage of information affects consciousness. These fields strongly suggest that the increase in storage of information in the environment – which we call exosomatic storage of information – may have led to changes in human consciousness and human neurophysiology over time. To bring these findings together conceptually, we develop what we (...)
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  24.  23
    You say person, I say property: Does it really matter what we call an embryo?Jessica Berg - 2004 - American Journal of Bioethics 4 (1):17 – 18.
  25.  23
    The moral status of the human embryo: a tradition recalled.G. R. Dunstan - 1984 - Journal of Medical Ethics 10 (1):38-44.
  26.  64
    Synthetic embryos: a new venue in ethical research.Villalba Adrián, Jon Rueda & Íñigo De Miguel - 2023 - Reproduction 164 (4):V1-V3.
    The recent publications reported in 2022 reveal the possibility of obtaining mouse embryos without the need for egg or sperm. These ‘artificial embryos’ can recapitulate some stages of development ex utero – from neurulation to organogenesis – without implantation. Synthetic mouse embryos might serve as a valuable model to gain further insights into early developmental stages. Indeed, it is expected for these models to be replicated by employing human cells. This promising research raises ethical issues and expands the horizon of (...)
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  27.  20
    Kultivierung von Embryonen und Single-Embryo-Transfer.Prof Dr Hartmut Kreß - 2005 - Ethik in der Medizin 17 (3):234-240.
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  28.  29
    Vulnerable Embryos.Stephen Napier - 2010 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 84 (4):781-810.
    Contemporary philosophical discussion on human embryonic stem cell research has focused primarily on the metaphysical and meta-ethical issues suchresearch raises. Though these discussions are interesting, largely ignored are arguments rooted in the secular research ethics tradition already informing humansubject research. This tradition countenances the notion of vulnerability and that vulnerable human subjects (of which human embryos are likely members)ought to be protected from research-related harms. This is the basic idea behind the argument from vulnerability, and it enjoys prima facie plausibility. (...)
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  29. The embryo rescue case.S. Matthew Liao - 2006 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 27 (2):141-147.
    In the debate regarding the moral status of human embryos, the Embryo Rescue Case has been used to suggest that embryos are not rightholders. This case is premised on the idea that in a situation where one has a choice between saving some number of embryos or a child, it seems wrong to save the embryos and not the child. If so, it seems that embryos cannot be rightholders. In this paper, I argue that the Embryo Rescue Case (...)
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  30.  82
    Donating Embryos to Stem Cell Research: The “Problem” of Gratitude.Jackie Leach Scully, Erica Haimes, Anika Mitzkat, Rouven Porz & Christoph Rehmann-Sutter - 2012 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 9 (1):19-28.
    This paper is based on linked qualitative studies of the donation of human embryos to stem cell research carried out in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and China. All three studies used semi-structured interview protocols to allow an in-depth examination of donors’ and non-donors’ rationales for their donation decisions, with the aim of gaining information on contextual and other factors that play a role in donor decisions and identifying how these relate to factors that are more usually included in evaluations made (...)
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  31. Killing embryos for stem cell research.Jeff Mcmahan - 2007 - Metaphilosophy 38 (2-3):170–189.
    The main objection to human embryonic stem cell research is that it involves killing human embryos, which are essentially beings of the same sort that you and I are. This objection presupposes that we once existed as early embryos and that we had the same moral status then that we have now. This essay challenges both those presuppositions, but focuses primarily on the first. I argue first that these presuppositions are incompatible with widely accepted beliefs about both assisted conception and (...)
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  32.  16
    S-Storage Operators.Karim Nour - 1998 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 44 (1):99-108.
    In 1990, J. L. Krivine introduced the notion of storage operator to simulate, for Church integers, the “call by value” in a context of a “call by name” strategy. In the present paper we define for every λ-term S which realizes the successor function on Church integers the notion of S-storage operator. We prove that every storage operator is an S-storage operator. But the converse is not always true.
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  33. Why the embryo rescue case is a bad argument against embryonic personhood.Perry Hendricks - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (6):669-673.
    The “Embryo Rescue Case” (ERC) refers to a thought experiment that is used to argue against the view that embryos have a right to life (i.e. are persons). I will argue that cognitive science undermines the intuition elicited by the ERC; I will show that whether or not embryos have a right to life, our mental tools will make it very difficult to believe that embryos have said right. This suggests that the intuition elicited by the ERC is not (...)
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  34.  25
    Genetic selection and the status of the embryo.Maurizio Mori - 1993 - Bioethics 7 (2-3):141-148.
  35.  33
    Starting a new life: Sperm PLC‐zeta mobilizes the Ca 2+ signal that induces egg activation and embryo development.Michail Nomikos, Karl Swann & F. Anthony Lai - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (2):126-134.
    We have discovered that a single sperm protein, phospholipase C‐zeta (PLCζ), can stimulate intracellular Ca2+ signalling in the unfertilized oocyte (‘egg’) culminating in the initiation of embryonic development. Upon fertilization by a spermatozoon, the earliest observed signalling event in the dormant egg is a large, transient increase in free Ca2+ concentration. The fertilized egg responds to the intracellular Ca2+ rise by completing meiosis. In mammalian eggs, the Ca2+ signal is delivered as a train of long‐lasting cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillations that begin (...)
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  36. Do Embryos Have Interests?: Why Embryos Are Identical to Future Persons but Not Harmed by Death.Aaron Simmons - 2012 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 9 (1):57-66.
    Are embryos deserving of moral consideration in our actions? A standard view suggests that embryos are considerable only if they have interests. One argument for embryonic interests contends that embryos are harmed by death because they are deprived of valuable future lives as adult persons. Some have challenged this argument on the grounds that embryos aren’t identical to adults: either due to the potential for embryos to twin or because we do not exist until the fetus develops consciousness. These arguments (...)
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  37. The Embryo in Ancient Rabbinic Literature: Between Religious Law and Didactic Narratives: An Interpretive Essay.Etienne Lepicard - 2010 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 32 (1):21-41.
    At a time when bioethical issues are at the top of public and political agendas, there is a renewed interest in representations of the embryo in various religious traditions. One of the major traditions that have contributed to Western representations of the embryo is the Jewish tradition. This tradition poses some difficulties that may deter scholars, but also presents some invaluable advantages. These derive from two components, the search for limits and narrativity, both of which are directly connected (...)
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  38.  40
    The moral status of the early human embryo: Is a via media possible?Thomas A. Shannon - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (6):43 – 44.
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  39.  45
    Embryos and pseudoembryos: parthenotes, reprogrammed oocytes and headless clones.H. Watt - 2007 - Journal of Medical Ethics 33 (9):554-556.
    What makes something an embryo—as opposed to what is actually, and not just in biotech parlance, a collection of cells? This question has come to the fore in recent years with proposals for producing embryonic stem cells for research. While some of those opposed to use of standard embryonic stem cells emphasise that adult cells have a clinical track record, others argue that there may be further benefits obtainable from cells very like those of embryos, provided such cells can (...)
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  40.  23
    Embryo politics: ethics and policy in Atlantic democracies.Thomas F. Banchoff - 2011 - Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
    The emergence of ethical controversy -- First embryo research regimes -- The ethics of embryonic stem cell research -- Stem cell and cloning politics.
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  41.  21
    Can we really bypass the moral debate for embryo research?Zubin Master - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (6):27 – 28.
  42. The'Art'of Medically Assisted Reproduction: An Embryo Is an Embryo Is an Embro.Michael E. McClure - 1996 - In David C. Thomasma & Thomasine Kimbrough Kushner (eds.), Birth to death: science and bioethics. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 35--49.
     
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  43.  15
    Cell interactions in the developing leech embryo.Shirley T. Bissen, Robert K. Ho & David A. Weisblat - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (4):152-157.
    The stereotyped pattern of cell commitments during leech embryogenesis is described. The nature of cell commitments during segmentation differs significantly between leech and fruit fly. Despite the constancy of cell fate assignments in normal development, ablation experiments show that cell interactions are essential in setting some of these commitments. Interacting cells follow a positionally determined hierarchy of fate choices. For other cells, which appear to have fates fixed from birth, the possibility of determinative interactions between mother and daughter cells is (...)
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  44. Michael J. Coughlan, The Vatican, the Law and the Human Embryo Reviewed by.Elisabeth Boetzkes - 1991 - Philosophy in Review 11 (5):304-306.
     
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  45.  12
    The Evolution of Views on Embryology: Ron Amundson, The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xiv + 280. US$75.00 HB.Giovanni Camardi - 2007 - Metascience 16 (1):77-80.
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  46.  22
    The European Union and stem cell research: a turnaround on policy regarding human embryo research?Benjamin Capps - 2002 - Legal Ethics 5 (1-2):1-2.
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  47.  33
    Can physicalist antireductionism compute the embryo?Alex Rosenberg - 1997 - Philosophy of Science 64 (4):371.
    It is widely held that (1) there are autonomous levels of organization above that of the macromolecule and that (2) at least sometimes macromolecular processes are best explained in terms of such autonomous kinds. I argue that molecular developmental biology honors neither of these claims, and I show that the only way they can be rendered consistent with a minimal physicalism is through the adoption of controversial claims about causation and explanation which undercut the force of these two antireductionism claims.
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  48.  9
    Cytoplasmic determination and distribution of developmental potential in the embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans.Einhard Schierenberg - 1989 - Bioessays 10 (4):99-104.
    Development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been described completely on a cell‐by‐cell basis. In an invariant pattern five somatic founder cells and the primordial germ cell are generated within the first hour after the onset of cleavage. Using a laser microbeam for manipulation of individual blastomers several aspects of early embryogenesis have been investigated, including the expression of cellular polarity, the localization of lineage‐specific cleavage potential, the necessity for early cell–cell interaction, and the control of differential cell‐cycle timing. The (...)
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  49.  16
    How not to win an ethical argument: Embryo stem cell research revisited.Udo Schuklenk - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (2):ii–iii.
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  50.  36
    What Is Chosen in the Act of Embryo Adoption?Karl Schudt - 2005 - The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 5 (1):63-71.
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