_Beauvoir in Time_ situates _The Second Sex_ in the historical contexts of its writing and later international receptions, showing the continued, though paradoxical, value of her views on sexuality, race, class, and politics for feminists today.

The importance of Hegel to the philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir, both to her early philosophical texts and to The Second Sex, is usually discussed in terms of the master-slave dialectic and a Kojève-influenced reading, which some see her as sharing with Sartre, others persuasively describe as divergent from and corrective to Sartre's. Altman shows that Hegel's influence on Beauvoir's work is also wider, both in terms of what she takes on board and what she works through and rejects, and (...) that her reading of Hegel is crucially inflected by two additional circumstances that Sartre did not entirely share: the experience of her first serious study of Hegel as a noncombatant in Paris during the German occupation and her earlier direct exposure to an eccentric, idealist reading of Hegel as developed by the group Philosophies in connection with surrealism and the artistic avant-garde. Altman also explores the afterlife of Hegel's influence on Beauvoir on second-wave feminism in the United States and Europe, and suggests continuing relevance to feminist theory today. (shrink)

The importance of Hegel to the philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir, both to her early philosophical texts and to The Second Sex, is usually discussed in terms of the master-slave dialectic and a Kojève-influenced reading, which some see her as sharing with Sartre, others persuasively describe as divergent from and corrective to Sartre's. Altman shows that Hegel's influence on Beauvoir's work is also wider, both in terms of what she takes on board and what she works through and rejects, and (...) that her reading of Hegel is crucially inflected by two additional circumstances that Sartre did not entirely share: the experience of her first serious study of Hegel as a noncombatant in Paris during the German occupation and her earlier direct exposure to an eccentric, idealist reading of Hegel as developed by the group Philosophies in connection with surrealism and the artistic avant-garde. Altman also explores the afterlife of Hegel's influence on Beauvoir on second-wave feminism in the United States and Europe, and suggests continuing relevance to feminist theory today. (shrink)

: The importance of Hegel to the philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir, both to her early philosophical texts and to The Second Sex, is usually discussed in terms of the master-slave dialectic and a Kojève–influenced reading, which some see her as sharing with Sartre, others persuasively describe as divergent from and corrective to Sartre's. Altman shows that Hegel's influence on Beauvoir's work is also wider, both in terms of what she takes on board and what she works through and rejects, (...) and that her reading of Hegel is crucially inflected by two additional circumstances that Sartre did not entirely share: the experience of her first serious study of Hegel as a noncombatant in Paris during the German occupation and her earlier direct exposure to an eccentric, idealist reading of Hegel as developed by the group Philosophies in connection with surrealism and the artistic avant-garde. Altman also explores the afterlife of Hegel's influence on Beauvoir on second-wave feminism in the United States and Europe, and suggests continuing relevance to feminist theory today. (shrink)

This article takes up the specifically literary qualities of Beauvoir's writing, in her fiction and her essays, situating her in literary history and exploring some important influences. I argue that Beauvoir's feminism emerged in her literary works well before it could be articulated in her philosophical and political writing, and that what emerged was a feminism attentive to women's lived embodiment, and intimately conscious of the contradictions of class.

The amdS gene of A. nidulans has proved extremely favourable for the isolation of mutations affecting gene regulation. Trans‐acting regulatory genes involved in amdS induction by small molecular weight effectors have been identified – amdR (ω‐amino acids) facB (acetate) and amdA (acetate). Another gene, the areA gene, has properties expected of a major activator gene involved in nitrogen metabolite repression of amdS. All of these regulatory genes are also involved in the control of various other functions encoded by structural genes (...) unlinked to amdS. Mutations in the 5′‐region adjacent to amdS have been isolated and allow the identification of independent cis‐acting sequences which are the target sites for the regulatory genes. The involvement of these sequences in regulatory product binding has been deduced from titration studies using transformants containing multiple copies of the 5′ sequences. A combination of genetics and molecular analysis is allowing a detailed characterization of this system. (shrink)

The concept of simultaneity, and the associated problems of synchronization of moving clocks and establishment of a universal time scale, were given little or no attention prior to the twentieth century. In 1905, however, Einstein analyzed the concept of simultaneity on the basis of two principal postulates: Absolute velocity is meaningless,The velocity of light in a vacuum is the same for all unaccelerated observers.

Of the many cosmological models developed during the past forty years, none is completely satisfactory; so work continues in the development of new models and in the checking of their predictions against the growing mass of experimental evidence. The validity of a model rests on its agreement with experimental data, particularly the data on distribution of galaxies and on redshifts.

Recession of the galaxies indicates a repulsive force and suggests that Newton's formulation of gravitation is not complete. A possible modification is proposed, and this Neo-Newtonian equation allows a quantitative treatment of Mach's principle. It also limits the velocity of matter to c and gives a correct prediction for the perihelion of Mercury.

The main aspects of interdisciplinary ICT technology of educational process based on the concept of functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres, which reflect space-time asymmetry of the Universe and constitute a certain psychophysiological focus of human organism, are presented in the article. Its urgency stems from the tendencies of contemporary world, evolving towards the information society and influencing the development of modern education, becoming increasingly multimedia-rich and psychologised. The authors consider the major peculiarities of cognitive strategies of brain’s hemispheres, which (...) should be taken into account in modern educational systems that apply versatile multimedia means in teaching different academic disciplines. It is shown that training information offered to the students can be differentiated by the right and left video sequences, which corresponds to hemispheric information processing strategies and promotes the synergetic state of synchronization of the hemispheres functions. And the encephalographic studies show that such functional synchronization, revealing the medication state of human brain, presupposes the integration of two information processing strategies, leading to harmonization of the processes of the first and second signalling systems. The algorithms of the most effective influence of multimedia presentations of teaching materials on a student based on the concept of functional asymmetry of human brain are substantiated. These algorithms presuppose combining the "left" and "right" information in such a way that the volumes of two types of information would form a harmonious proportion. (shrink)

À la fin du xe siècle, en Germanie ottonienne, dans des circonstances politiques particulières, se développe une nouvelle forme de pouvoir au féminin, qui ne se restreint plus aux seules souveraines. Les filles et sœurs d’empereurs, en particulier Mathilde, abbesse de Quedlinburg, puis Sophie, moniale à Gandersheim, et Adélaïde, moniale à Quedlinburg, participent activement au gouvernement et à la représentation impériale du pouvoir. Elles peuvent exercer la régence et reçoivent de nouveaux titres, comme celui de dominae imperiales, qui leur est (...) accordé par l’autrice des Annales de Quedlinburg, formidable miroir du pouvoir de ces femmes à l’aube du xie siècle. Cette nouvelle configuration témoigne de l’intégration pleine et entière des femmes à la dynastie ottonienne, qui se pense dans son ensemble comme dynastie souveraine. (shrink)

Désignant des femmes qui ont des droits et exercent des pouvoirs, le mot domina est fréquemment utilisé par Jérôme dans son traité Contre Jovinien et dans ses correspondances féminines. Les acceptions de ce terme, qui vont de l'épouse à la vierge chrétienne, en passant par la maîtresse des esclaves et la supérieure du monastère, donnent une image très claire du contexte socio-culturel qui les vit naître. Le point commun entre ces différentes occurrences est manifestement l'idéal cher à Jérôme, à (...) savoir le mode de vie inspiré des Pères du désert. Elles font voir à quel point la conversion monastique, qui faisait vivre les femmes de haut rang en compagnie de leurs esclaves, pouvait scandaliser l'aristocratie romaine.The word domina, which designates women who have rights and exercise power, is frequently used by Jerome in his treatise Against Jovinian and in his correspondence with women. The accepted uses of this term, which extend from wife to Christian virgin, including the mistress of slaves and the superior of the monastery, give a very clear image of the socio-cultural context from which they arose. The common point between these different occurrences is manifestly the ideal for Jerome, that is to say, the way of life inspired by the Fathers of the desert. We can see to what point monastic conversion, which had highly placed women live in the company of their slaves, could scandalise the Roman aristocracy. (shrink)

ex opposito, any methodological doctrine that separates theological dogma from philosophical inquiry increases the autonomy of philosophical inquiry. But the Latin Averroist methodological doctrine of veritas duplex (rather improperly, but not entirely unreasonably called so) separated theological dogma from philosophical inquiry. Therefore, the Latin Averroist methodological doctrine of veritas duplex increased the autonomy of philosophical inquiry.

Who owns the girl’s body, the parents, or the daughter herself? In Catholic casuistry, this issue has not only been occasionally touched upon, it has been topical among the commentators on Aquinas (STh II-II, q. 154, a. 6) from the 16th up to the 18th centuries. Nevertheless, modern scholarship ignores this big dispute. The distortion of early modern history in consequence thereof precludes a fair appraisal of the achievements of the Christian schools within the Habsburgian commonwealth. Whereas the Iberian Peninsula (...) was the theatre of the endeavour here described (Domingo de Soto OP, Luis de Molina SJ, Gabriel Vázquez SJ, Juan de Lugo SJ, the Salmantine Carmelites), Jansenist France was forward in defeating it. The quarrel about this issue gains an additional interest by the observation that it represents the rare case where the schoolmen themselves had the keen feeling that the stand they took represented a divide between two ages, medieval and modern, viz. Pre-Tridentine and Post-Tridentine. The main purpose of the present paper, then, is to render a necessary piece of apologetics. Its focus is on the deplorable situation in which we presently are due to the rotten feminist convictions about how things went. (shrink)

"In December 2002, Meryl Harrison moved a large audience to tears at the BBC Animal Awards Ceremony, having been flown over from her native Zimbabwe to receive their Special Award. There she told her tale of the rescue of countless animals caught up in five years of the Zimbabwean land invasions, as farmers and families were forced from their homes to make way for Mugabe's 'war veterans'. Many had to leave their animals behind, and it was Meryl's mission (...) on behalf of the under-funded ZNSPCA to go into these destroyed farmsteads to rescue countless domestic animals and wounded livestock. Nandi, pictured on the book-jacket of this heart-warming account of her animal rescues, is just one of the many ordinary pet dogs she managed to save. The bravery of Meryl and her small team, as they overcame huge obstacles to find and return these traumatised pets to their loving owners, has earned her world-renown. But she didn't do it for any human praise - she did it for the animals, the innocent victims of human folly. ". (shrink)

An important additional argument for the thesis that Licymnia is not one of Horace’s beloved girls but probably Maecenas’ wife, is the fact that Horace in his “Carmina”, unlike the elegiac poets, never uses domina to denote one of his girls.

In 1982, cinemas around the world screened Sophie's Choice, a film starring Meryl Streep and Kevin Kline, adapted from the book by William Styron. The film opens with Stingo, a young journalist from the South, who arrives in New York in 1947 and rents a room in Brooklyn. Stingo is drawn into a relationship with Sophie and Nathan, the couple who live upstairs. Sophie is a Polish concentration camp survivor; Nathan is the man who saved her when she arrived (...) in America. Nathan is charismatic, schizophrenic, and violent.In one of the film's flashbacks, a German soldier imposes a terrible choice on Sophie, a young mother who arrives at Auschwitz with other prisoners from Krakow. Sophie is ordered to choose which of her two children will be sent to the ovens, and which will live. (shrink)

Resumen La metáfora de la "descomposición" domina aún nuestra manera usual de pensar el análisis conceptual. Se trata de una herramienta muy útil para pensar este proceso tan abstracto, pero tiene limitaciones importantes. Por ejemplo, nos hace pensar que los componentes de un concepto deben estar en algún sentido contenidos en él o que la única manera en que dos conceptos pueden estar relacionados es que uno contenga al otro. Estas limitaciones no nos permiten dar cuenta de conceptos complejos (...) cuya estructura no es tan simple, como los de color o de medida. Por ello es tiempo de superar esta metáfora y pensar al análisis conceptual no sólo como descomposición, sino también como la asignación de diferentes funciones a los componentes de un concepto.Our customary way of thinking about conceptual analysis remains dominated by the metaphor of 'containment', which has certainly been very useful, but which also has important limitations. For example, it makes us think that the components of a concept must be, in some sense, contained in it or that the only way that two concepts can be related is if one contains the other. These limitations have not allowed us to account for concepts whose structure is not so simple, such as the concepts of color or measurement, among others. It is time, therefore, to overcome this metaphor and think of conceptual analysis not only as decomposition but also as the assignment of different functions to the components of a concept. (shrink)

La présente étude examine comment les intellectuels japonais tentèrent d’introduire l’utilitarisme lors du premier stade d’un processus de modernisation dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Elle décrit les efforts significatifs qu’ils consacrèrent à la traduction des œuvres ou des textes de Bentham et de Mill en créant de nombreux mots japonais nouveaux. Car, jusqu’à la fin de la société agraire quasi féodale du shogunat Tokugawa, il n’y avait quasiment pas eu de concepts équivalents pour des notions telles que l’individu, (...) la liberté, le droit, la démocratie, par exemple. La Restauration de Meiji de 1868, au premier abord, suggère par son nom une restauration de l’ancien régime ; mais en réalité c’était l’inverse, car il s’agissait d’un tournant décisif pour le Japon, dont le but était d’établir une nouvelle société industrielle moderne. La présente recherche fournit tout d’abord une liste chronologique des traductions des œuvres de Bentham et Mill réalisées au cours des deux premières décennies après la Restauration. Ensuite, elle évalue la précision et la validité du résultat de la traduction, en prenant comme exemple le premier paragraphe de l’Introduction aux Principes de la Morale et de la Législation. En troisième lieu, elle examine dans quelle mesure les intellectuels japonais de cette époque comprirent l’utilitarisme dans le processus de création des nouvelles traductions en japonais. Ce processus était issu de la tradition consistant à créer différents concepts japonais uniques, sous forme de mots composés de caractères hiéroglyphiques chinois, ancrés profondément dans l’influence culturelle du confucianisme qui domina longtemps à partir du VIe siècle. Enfin, la présente étude évalue comment les premières présentations de Bentham et Mill influencèrent la génération suivante d’intellectuels japonais. Ce résultat peut expliquer dans une certaine mesure pourquoi le Japon ne compte démographiquement que 0,8 % de chrétiens, et pourquoi la société japonaise est fondamentalement laïque et tournée vers le succès économique. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende mostrar la necesidad de pensar un concepto de justicia global que vaya más allá de los paradigmas tradicionales de la filosofía. Si queremos una justicia global que incluya a cada sí mismo, es necesario repensar la perspectiva tradicional que domina la discusión sobre derecho internacional. Necesitamos una reflexión crítica sobre la modernidad y la globalización actual. Esta crítica permitirá proponer una nueva Ilustración donde lo global pueda vincularse con el cosmopolitismo y el universalismo moral. El reto (...) será construir una globalización justa con todos y cada uno de los individuos que conforman la nueva ciudadanía global. (shrink)

Objetivo del presente artículo es poner de relieve las contradicciones de la relación entre bioética y bioderecho que, lejos de ser un problema meramente teórico, tiene un impacto real en las reglamentaciones de las innovaciones en el campo de la biomedicina. Con el ánimo de demostrar esa fuerte conexión de la cuestión aparentemente teórica con la praxis, el ensayo, dotado de una metodología inductiva, moverá sus primeros pasos a partir de las técnicas de edición genética germinal. En la primera parte (...) del trabajo se aclararán matices científicos de dichas técnicas y se presentarán los primeros avances de la reglamentación jurídica que tienen su origen en el Consejo de Europa. Finalmente, a través de los límites y contradicciones de la reglamentación supuestamente biojurídica de la edición genética germinal se pondrá en evidencia la asimetría que domina en la relación entre bioética y bioderecho. ---The goal of this article is to stand out contradictions in the relationship among bioethics and biolaw that, far from being merely a theoretical quandary, has a real impact in the regulations of innovations in the biomedical field. Aiming to show that strong connection between the apparently theoretical question with the praxis, the essay, with an inductive methodology, goes straight showing the first steps of regulation of the germ-line gene editing. In the first part of the article, after a summary about the scientific highlights of germ-line gene editing, we undertake an investigation on the juridical regulation of germline-gene editing, based on the Council of Europe’s provisions. Finally, showing the limitations and contradictions of these supposedly biojuridical regulations, we highlight the dominant asymmetry in the relationship among bioethics and biolaw. (shrink)

Aunque la' "raza", esto es, las representaciones y clasificaciones raciales, ha constituido un rasgo estructural fundamental de la vida política a lo largo del período moderno, no ha sido incorporada de manera sistemática en la teoría política normativa que domina la filosofía angloamericana- en la forma en que lo hizo con la "clase" a finales del siglo XIX y en que ha tratado de hacerlo recientemente con el "género" y la "cultura". Un análisis detallado de la influyente distinción de (...) Jolm Rawls entre teoría "ideal" y ''no-ideal" apunta a un diagnóstico del problema y sugiere una cura: una forma de teoría crítica que combine los fines constructivos y reconstructivos de la teoría normativa con los fines interpretativos y explicativos de los estudios de base empírica y con los fines prácticos de la crítica social y política. (shrink)

Este artigo se propõe a analisar o primeiro estágio do desenvolvimento da área de pesquisa em filosofia da psicanálise no Brasil, apresentando e descrevendo os trabalhos fundadores de seus pioneiros, produzidos entre a segunda metade dos anos 1970 e o início dos anos 1990. A seguir, ele discute e procura elucidar a ideia de uma “epistemologia da psicanálise” que domina este período inicial, propondo um conjunto de quatro argumentos para proporcionar uma visão mais sistemática de suas principais teses, a (...) saber, os argumentos analítico, defensivo, conciliatório e indutor. Como conclusão, é apontada a pesquisa que ainda é necessária para se obter um panorama mais abrangente deste movimento da história intelectual brasileira. (shrink)

En las conferencias inéditas de Levinas en el Collège philosophique se analiza la concepción occidental del lenguaje como consecuencia de un paradigma lumínico de relación lógico-conceptual con el ser: un mundo silencioso que se revela en la luz. La fenomenología no habría logrado apartarse de la metafísica tradicional, que encierra y domina al ser que se da en la luz a través de la razón, reduciéndolo a la uniformidad. Levinas encuentra en la sonoridad del sonido una clave de interpretación (...) filosófica con el potencial de diseñar una forma alternativa de relación con la existencia donde la alteridad se manifiesta como tal. Se propone, por lo tanto, el paradigma de la sonoridad como un refulgir del ser alternativo al de la luz. (shrink)

Este trabajo discute la interpretación de Marcelo Boeri sobre el compatibilismo estoico; esto es, la tesis de que es compatible con el determinismo que rige al mundo natural el que podamos ser genuinamente responsables de nuestras acciones. Según Boeri, los estoicos intentaron conciliar las dos cosas abriendo un margen de indeterminación gracias al cual nuestras acciones no están sujetas a la necesidad que domina los demás fenómenos naturales. La discusión que se ofrece aquí se basa en un análisis del (...) concepto antiguo de lo que depende de nosotros y de los conceptos estoicos de determinismo y modalidad. /// This paper discusses Marcelo Boeri's interpretation of Stoic compatibilism, the thesis that natural determinism does not rule out that we can genuinely be responsible for our actions. According to Boeri, the Stoic hold that this is so because our actions are to a great extent free from determination. The discussion of this interpretation is based on an analysis of the ancient concept of what depends on us and of Stoic concepts of determinism and modality. (shrink)

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a continuously developing and problem-oriented interdisciplinary research field. It is interested in ‘analyzing hidden, opaque, and visible structures of domina...

El valor económico del objeto artístico está dado por el costo de su producción y las fluctuaciones del mercado, además de otros elementos axiológicos en cada caso. Pero ¿es este precio, el representante fiel de su valor estético? ¿El valor económico es directamente proporcional a su valor estético? ¿Su valor de uso corresponde a su valor de cambio? Los problemas de precio y valor nos redirigen a cuestiones más humanas y culturales, no solo a los análisis de costo y beneficio, (...) esta es otra puerta de crítica y salida que podemos ocupar para investigar las paradojas del sistema capitalista. El valor del arte, asumiendo a este como a una vil mercancía más, nos ayudan a confrontar las contrariedades culturales que el sistema como ideología crea a su favor, pero también encontraremos otras coyunturas, como el concepto de patrimonio o el don, para poder explorar otro tipo de opciones de intercambio fuera del mercado económico capitalista. En este ensayo nos inclinamos por el valor de uso de la obra de arte, como objeto de cambio en la conciencia humana, por encima de su valor de cambio, el cual es el que domina en la actualidad transmoderna su intercambio mercantil. (shrink)

Excerpt from Filosofia del Diritto Forse a questo volumetto che. Anzichè un corso vero e proprio, è un syllabus in cui schematicamente si il lustrano soltanto i problemi più generali della filosofia giuridica, ne farò presto seguire un altro, in cui rac coglierà invece una serie di lezioni intorno ad argomenti speciali di diritto pubblico e di diritto privato trattati da un punto di vista sintetico. Tutti gli anni, appena il tempo me lo permette, dopo aver data un'idea generale del (...) vastissimo campo di ri cerche in cui spazia e domina la filosofia giuridica, consacra un certo nu mero di lezioni alla trattazione di un problema particolare la famiglia, la proprietà. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

In Book 9 of his Confessions, Augustine recounts that his mother Monica told him how ‘a weakness for wine gradually got grip upon her’ as a little girl. After some time, so the story goes, God healed her from her bad habit. In this context, Augustine observes: ‘When father and mother and nurses are not there, you are present. You have created us, you call us, you use human authorities set over us to do something for the health of our (...) souls.’ Even though at first sight this passage does not seem to pose any problems, one wonders about the exact meaning of the last part: etiam per praepositos homines boni aliquid agis ad animarum salutem. First, it is to be noted that Henry Chadwick's translation cited here leaves etiam untranslated. Moreover, it is not certain at all that Augustine really wants to say that God heals human souls ‘even by those human beings who are set over us’. As the subsequent lines of this paragraph make clear, God freed Monica from her sin through her servant, who scoffingly called her young mistress ‘a little boozer’. This renders the phrase etiam per praepositos homines problematic, on the one hand, because the meaning of etiam is unclear and, on the other, because it is difficult to regard Monica's servant as one of the ‘human authorities’. Nothing in the text compels us to identify this servant with the old famula of Monica's parents who, according to the preceding paragraph, was ‘vehement with a holy severity in administering correction and soberly prudent in her teaching’. At any rate, the ancilla mentioned here is depicted not as an authoritative person but rather as someone who quarrels with her young domina, not in order to heal or educate her but merely to irritate her. (shrink)

Článek se věnuje argumentu kluzkého svahu a otázce, jak jej identifikovat a hodnotit. Argument kluzkého svahu je využíván v rámci praktického uvažování a v dialogu, svou strukturou odpovídá negativnímu argumentu z důsledku, má v zásadě defeasibilní povahu a je často účinný při snaze přenést důkazní břemeno na stranu oponenta. Hodnocení argumentu kluzkého svahu je založeno na kontextu dialogu spíše než na hodnocení jeho deduktivní či induktivní správnosti.V příspěvku jsou představeny čtyři typy argumentu. Zaprvé argument kluzkého svahu typu sorites, jehož označení (...) odkazuje k paradoxu sorites neboli paradoxu hromady. Argument kluzkého svahu typu sorites je ve své podstatě kombinací argumentu ad absurdum a sofismatu polyzeteseos. Zadruhé kauzální argument kluzkého svahu, který se zakládá na předpovědi série událostí. Tento typ argumentu je často označován jako teorie domina či dominový efekt. Nicméně, ať už jej pojmenujeme jakkoli, zásadní pro jeho identifikaci, analýzu a hodnocení je fakt, že se jedná o předpověď budoucího stavu věcí. Předpověď více či méně pravděpodobnou, zakládající se na slabých či silných předpokladech. Zatřetí precedentální argument kluzkého svahu, který se objevuje v diskuzích o možnosti změny současného pravidla či platné normy. Argumenty založené na precedentu obecně souvisí s usuzováním na základě konkrétního případu. Precedentální argument kluzkého svahu využívá podobnosti mezi případy, a je tedy založen na analogii. A posledním, čtvrtým typem argumentu kluzkého svahu, kterému se příspěvek věnuje, je tzv. plný argument kluzkého svahu či kombinovaný argument kluzkého svahu. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se investiga acerca de una comprensión “anorgánica” de la ciudad desde la idea de geofilosofía de Deleuze y Guattari, la concepción política de Jacques Rancière, y de la concepción del cuerpo de Zubiri. La fi gura del organismo domina la historia de la metafísica y, por ende, la comprensión arquitectónica y política de la ciudad. Frente a esto pretendemos investigar, en primer lugar, la diferencia entre dos comprensiones y usos del espacio: “espacio liso” y “espacio (...) estriado”, y, en segundo lugar, la diferencia entre “procesos de sujeción” y “producción de subjetividad”. Tales ideas están repensadas desde una concepción del cuerpo que no es orgánica sino eminentemente somática y de actualidad en diferencia. La función de la idea de organismo en arquitectura, persigue la producción de identidades. Frente a ésta, los usos y la ocupación del espacio presentan la posibilidad de una “producción de sí” corporal, sentando la heterogeneidad como forma social de construcción de la ciudad, dislocando aquelorden impuesto homogéneo. Con el fin de proponer una arquitectura de la dislocación, presentamos el trabajo de Gordon Matta Clark, trabajo donde deshacer las formas del organismo implica experimentar con un devenir corporal de la ciudad. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza la noción de vida del paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano a partir de una bivalencia fundamental de la vida, entendida tanto como correlato de un poder que la domina y la administra, como posibilidad de un poder que resiste y que escapa siempre también a las tecnologías biopolíticas y se enfrenta a ellas. Ahora bien, ¿de dónde extrae Foucault esas virtualidades de la vida?, ¿con qué materiales construye ese concepto? y sobre todo, ¿qué alcances y potencialidades tiene? El (...) análisis, que toma en consideración la producción foucaultiana en su conjunto así como el aparato crítico sobre esta problemática, destaca y se centra, en particular, en el ascendente nietzscheano, lo que tendrá consecuencias de importancia para comprender desarrollos ulteriores sobre la vida en el pensamiento del filósofo francés, como la estética de la existencia, la resistencia, la crítica y la libertad. Con el fin de llevar a cabo este trabajo, el artículo se estructura a partir de los siguientes puntos: una breve revisión de la noción de vida al interior de la producción foucaultiana en su conjunto; el análisis de la noción de vida que Foucault presenta hacia mediados de los años 1970 en lo que se podría denominar el “paradigma biopolítico” y, en particular, en su relación con las nociones de poder y de gobierno; el examen de la genealogía entre las nociones de vida y de poder del paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano y la noción nietzscheana de “voluntad de poder”; y la propuesta de un conjunto de conclusiones tentativas de la noción de vida en el paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano, destacando una serie de alcances y potencialidades del componente de la resistencia de esa noción. (shrink)