Results for 'Matthias Bethge'

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  1.  34
    Meaning maps and saliency models based on deep convolutional neural networks are insensitive to image meaning when predicting human fixations.Marek A. Pedziwiatr, Matthias Kümmerer, Thomas S. A. Wallis, Matthias Bethge & Christoph Teufel - 2021 - Cognition 206 (C):104465.
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  2.  9
    There is no evidence that meaning maps capture semantic information relevant to gaze guidance: Reply to Henderson, Hayes, Peacock, and Rehrig (2021).Marek A. Pedziwiatr, Matthias Kümmerer, Thomas S. A. Wallis, Matthias Bethge & Christoph Teufel - 2021 - Cognition 214 (C):104741.
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  3.  10
    Let's move forward: Image-computable models and a common model evaluation scheme are prerequisites for a scientific understanding of human vision.James J. DiCarlo, Daniel L. K. Yamins, Michael E. Ferguson, Evelina Fedorenko, Matthias Bethge, Tyler Bonnen & Martin Schrimpf - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e390.
    In the target article, Bowers et al. dispute deep artificial neural network (ANN) models as the currently leading models of human vision without producing alternatives. They eschew the use of public benchmarking platforms to compare vision models with the brain and behavior, and they advocate for a fragmented, phenomenon-specific modeling approach. These are unconstructive to scientific progress. We outline how the Brain-Score community is moving forward to add new model-to-human comparisons to its community-transparent suite of benchmarks.
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  4.  17
    Let's move forward: Image-computable models and a common model evaluation scheme are prerequisites for a scientific understanding of human vision – CORRIGENDUM.James J. DiCarlo, Daniel L. K. Yamins, Michael E. Ferguson, Evelina Fedorenko, Matthias Bethge, Tyler Bonnen & Martin Schrimpf - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e66.
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  5.  76
    Primer on an ethics of AI-based decision support systems in the clinic.Matthias Braun, Patrik Hummel, Susanne Beck & Peter Dabrock - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):3-3.
    Making good decisions in extremely complex and difficult processes and situations has always been both a key task as well as a challenge in the clinic and has led to a large amount of clinical, legal and ethical routines, protocols and reflections in order to guarantee fair, participatory and up-to-date pathways for clinical decision-making. Nevertheless, the complexity of processes and physical phenomena, time as well as economic constraints and not least further endeavours as well as achievements in medicine and healthcare (...)
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  6.  51
    Represent me: please! Towards an ethics of digital twins in medicine.Matthias Braun - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (6):394-400.
    Simulations are used in very different contexts and for very different purposes. An emerging development is the possibility of using simulations to obtain a more or less representative reproduction of organs or even entire persons. Such simulations are framed and discussed using the term ‘digital twin’. This paper unpacks and scrutinises the current use of such digital twins in medicine and the ideas embedded in this practice. First, the paper maps the different types of digital twins. A special focus is (...)
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  7.  48
    A Leap of Faith: Is There a Formula for “Trustworthy” AI?Matthias Braun, Hannah Bleher & Patrik Hummel - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (3):17-22.
    Trust is one of the big buzzwords in debates about the shaping of society, democracy, and emerging technologies. For example, one prominent idea put forward by the High‐Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence appointed by the European Commission is that artificial intelligence should be trustworthy. In this essay, we explore the notion of trust and argue that both proponents and critics of trustworthy AI have flawed pictures of the nature of trust. We develop an approach to understanding trust in AI (...)
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  8.  79
    In Defence of Non-Ideal Political Deference.Matthias Brinkmann - 2022 - Episteme 19 (2):264-285.
    Many philosophers have claimed that relying on the testimony of others in normative questions is in some way problematic. In this paper, I consider whether we should be troubled by deference in democratic politics. I argue that deference is less problematic in impure cases of political deference, and most non-ideal cases of political deference are impure. To establish the second point, I rely on empirical research from political psychology. I also outline two principled reasons why we should expect political deference (...)
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  9.  34
    Adam Smith’s Philosophy of Science: Economics as Moral Imagination.Matthias P. Hühn - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 155 (1):1-15.
    The paper takes a fresh look at two essays that Adam Smith wrote at the very beginning of his career. In these essays, Smith explains his philosophy of science, which is social constructivist. A social constructivist reading of Smith strengthens the scholarly consensus that The Wealth of Nations needs to be interpreted in light of the general moral theory he explicates in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, as the two essays and TMS stress the importance of the same concepts: e.g., (...)
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  10.  38
    Will the Real A. Smith Please Stand Up!Matthias P. Hühn & Claus Dierksmeier - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (1):119-132.
    In both the public and the business world, in academe as well as in practice, the ideas of Adam Smith are regarded as the bedrock of modern economics. When present economic conditions and management practices are criticised, Adam Smith is referred to by defenders and detractors of the current status quo alike. Smith, it is believed, defined the essential terms of reference of these debates, such as the rational pursuit of self-interest on part of the individual and the resultant optimal (...)
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  11. Compact propositional Gödel logics.Matthias Baaz & Richard Zach - 1998 - In Baaz Matthias (ed.), 28th IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, 1998. Proceedings. IEEE Press. pp. 108-113.
    Entailment in propositional Gödel logics can be defined in a natural way. While all infinite sets of truth values yield the same sets of tautologies, the entailment relations differ. It is shown that there is a rich structure of infinite-valued Gödel logics, only one of which is compact. It is also shown that the compact infinite-valued Gödel logic is the only one which interpolates, and the only one with an r.e. entailment relation.
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  12.  37
    Just data? Solidarity and justice in data-driven medicine.Matthias Braun & Patrik Hummel - 2020 - Life Sciences, Society and Policy 16 (1):1-18.
    This paper argues that data-driven medicine gives rise to a particular normative challenge. Against the backdrop of a distinction between the good and the right, harnessing personal health data towards the development and refinement of data-driven medicine is to be welcomed from the perspective of the good. Enacting solidarity drives progress in research and clinical practice. At the same time, such acts of sharing could—especially considering current developments in big data and artificial intelligence—compromise the right by leading to injustices and (...)
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  13. Hypersequents and the proof theory of intuitionistic fuzzy logic.Matthias Baaz & Richard Zach - 2000 - In Clote Peter G. & Schwichtenberg Helmut (eds.), Computer Science Logic. 14th International Workshop, CSL 2000. Springer. pp. 187– 201.
    Takeuti and Titani have introduced and investigated a logic they called intuitionistic fuzzy logic. This logic is characterized as the first-order Gödel logic based on the truth value set [0,1]. The logic is known to be axiomatizable, but no deduction system amenable to proof-theoretic, and hence, computational treatment, has been known. Such a system is presented here, based on previous work on hypersequent calculi for propositional Gödel logics by Avron. It is shown that the system is sound and complete, and (...)
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  14.  21
    Sophistry or wisdom in words: Aristotle on rhetoric and leadership.Matthias P. Hühn & Marcel Meyer - 2023 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 32 (2):544-554.
    In the leadership literature of the past 100 years or so, rhetoric has been a topic for a long time and ethics was introduced some 30 years ago. However, the three topics, leadership, rhetoric, and ethics, have not been connected. This is astonishing because when ethical leadership made its comeback, scholars acknowledged the debt that ethical leadership owes to Aristotelian ideas. For Aristotle, leadership, ethics, and rhetoric were inseparable: without ethics, there could neither be good leadership nor rhetoric, and rhetoric (...)
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  15.  72
    Legitimate Power without Authority: The Transmission Model.Matthias Brinkmann - 2020 - Law and Philosophy 39 (2):119-146.
    Some authors have argued that legitimacy without authority is possible, though their work has not found much uptake in mainstream political philosophy. I provide an improved model how legitimate political institutions without authority are possible, the Transmission Model, which I couple with a thin substantive position, the Moral Value View. I defend the model against three common objections.
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  16.  33
    The Unreality Business - How Economics (and Management) Became Anti-philosophical.Matthias P. Hühn - 2015 - Philosophy of Management 14 (1):47-66.
    This paper argues that economics, over the past 200 years, has become steadily more anti-philosophical and that there are three stages in the development of economic thought. Adam Smith intended economics to be a descriptive social science, rooted in an understanding of the moral and psychological processes of an individual’s decision-making and its connection to society in general. Yet, immediately after Smith’s death, economists made a clean cut and invented a totally new discipline: they switched towards a physicalist understanding of (...)
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  17.  39
    Responsible Innovation: a Smithian Perspective.Matthias P. Hühn - 2018 - Philosophy of Management 17 (1):41-57.
    Adam Smith’s is often falsely portrayed as having argued that radical selfishness is a force for the good and that this “invisible hand’ is his market mechanism. This paper argues that Smith’s real market mechanism, the sympathy manoeuvre, is a viable alternative to Schumpeterian and mainstream models of innovation in economics and also could help build a firmer theoretical basis for other approaches such as Responsible Innovation. To Smith all human activity was social and must be understood and explained in (...)
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  18.  23
    Eye movements during mental time travel follow a diagonal line.Matthias Hartmann, Corinna S. Martarelli, Fred W. Mast & Kurt Stocker - 2014 - Consciousness and Cognition 30:201-209.
  19.  20
    Vulnerable Life: Reflections on the Relationship Between Theological and Philosophical Ethics.Matthias Braun - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (12):21-23.
    It is very timely and highly important to think the relationship between theological and philosophical ethics. In this issue, Michael McCarthy et al. make a plea for a stronger dialogue...
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  20.  13
    Why Catholic Social Thought is not a Theory (and How that Has Preserved Scholarly Debate).Matthias P. Hühn - 2021 - Philosophy of Management 21 (1):69-85.
    CST is widely disregarded in the academic and public discourse. This essay argues that this is the case for two related reasons. Firstly, CST is based on the pre-Enlightenment approach to moral philosophy, virtue ethics, while the mainstream in business ethics favours the rule-based approaches consequentialism and deontology and their variants. Secondly, mainstream approaches also have adopted a positivist epistemology where theories represent the Truth that must not be questioned: they have become ideologies. This paper argues that CST, mainly through (...)
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  21. Quantified Propositional Gödel Logics.Matthias Baaz, Agata Ciabattoni & Richard Zach - 2000 - In Andrei Voronkov & Michel Parigot (eds.), Logic for Programming and Automated Reasoning. 7th International Conference, LPAR 2000. Berlin: Springer. pp. 240-256.
    It is shown that Gqp↑, the quantified propositional Gödel logic based on the truth-value set V↑ = {1 - 1/n : n≥1}∪{1}, is decidable. This result is obtained by reduction to Büchi's theory S1S. An alternative proof based on elimination of quantifiers is also given, which yields both an axiomatization and a characterization of Gqp↑ as the intersection of all finite-valued quantified propositional Gödel logics.
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  22.  98
    Coordination Cannot Establish Political Authority.Matthias Brinkmann - 2018 - Ratio Juris 31 (1):49-69.
    One of the most common arguments in favour of the state's authority is that without the coordinating hand of political institutions, we could not achieve important moral benefits. I argue that if we understand authority correctly, then coordination cannot even in principle establish that coordinators have political authority.
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  23.  36
    Business ethics: Between Friedman and Freeman? A response to A Puzzle about Business Ethics.Matthias P. Hühn - 2023 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 32 (2):868-876.
    The biggest research programme within business ethics is arguably Corporate Social Responsibility and all its related streams (Corporate Citizenship, Social Justice, etc.) While there seems to be widespread agreement that business ethics is situated between the amoral or even immoral view of Milton Friedman as explicated in his 1970 New York Times paper, and the moral view expounded by R. Edward Freeman, this essay challenges that view. Friedman, maybe owed to his flamboyant writing style and crude and purely rhetorical oversimplifications (...)
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  24.  64
    Indirect Instrumentalism about Political Legitimacy.Matthias Brinkmann - 2019 - Moral Philosophy and Politics 6 (1):175-202.
    Political instrumentalism claims that the right to rule should be distributed such that justice is promoted best. Building on a distinction made by consequentialists in moral philosophy, I argue that instrumentalists should distinguish two levels of normative thinking about legitimacy, the critical and applied level. An indirect instrumentalism which acknowledges this distinction has significant advantages over simpler forms of instrumentalism that do not.
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  25. Completeness of a first-order temporal logic with time-gaps.Matthias Baaz, Alexander Leitsch & Richard Zach - 1996 - Theoretical Computer Science 160 (1-2):241-270.
    The first-order temporal logics with □ and ○ of time structures isomorphic to ω (discrete linear time) and trees of ω-segments (linear time with branching gaps) and some of its fragments are compared: the first is not recursively axiomatizable. For the second, a cut-free complete sequent calculus is given, and from this, a resolution system is derived by the method of Maslov.
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  26.  12
    Klimakonstruktionen: Von der klassischen Klimatologie zur Klimaforschung.Matthias Heymann - 2009 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 17 (2):171-197.
  27.  34
    Ethics of digital twins: four challenges.Matthias Braun - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (9):579-580.
    In the article ‘Represent Me: Please! Towards an Ethics of Digital Twins in Medicine’, I analysed and tried to better understand the main ethical challenges associated with Digital Twins. For those who are just entering the debate with this article: DT is a metaphor for a bundle of artificial intelligence driven simulation technologies that constantly, in real time and ad personam simulate single or multiple parts of the body and make predictions about future health states based on these simulations. My (...)
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  28.  12
    Do Ceteris Paribus Laws Exist? A Regularity-Based Best System Analysis.Matthias Unterhuber - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (S10):1833-1847.
    This paper argues that ceteris paribus (cp) laws exist based on a Lewisian best system analysis of lawhood (BSA). Furthermore, it shows that a BSA faces a second trivialization problem besides the one identified by Lewis. The first point concerns an argument against cp laws by Earman and Roberts. The second point aims to help making some assumptions of the BSA explicit. To address the second trivialization problem, a restriction in terms of natural logical constants is proposed that allows one (...)
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  29. Algorithmic Structuring of Cut-free Proofs.Matthias Baaz & Richard Zach - 1993 - In Börger Egon, Kleine Büning Hans, Jäger Gerhard, Martini Simone & Richter Michael M. (eds.), Computer Science Logic. CSL’92, San Miniato, Italy. Selected Papers. Springer. pp. 29–42.
    The problem of algorithmic structuring of proofs in the sequent calculi LK and LKB ( LK where blocks of quantifiers can be introduced in one step) is investigated, where a distinction is made between linear proofs and proofs in tree form. In this framework, structuring coincides with the introduction of cuts into a proof. The algorithmic solvability of this problem can be reduced to the question of k-l-compressibility: "Given a proof of length k , and l ≤ k : Is (...)
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  30. Completeness of a Hypersequent Calculus for Some First-order Gödel Logics with Delta.Matthias Baaz, Norbert Preining & Richard Zach - 2006 - In 36th International Symposium on Multiple-valued Logic. May 2006, Singapore. Proceedings. Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.
    All first-order Gödel logics G_V with globalization operator based on truth value sets V C [0,1] where 0 and 1 lie in the perfect kernel of V are axiomatized by Ciabattoni’s hypersequent calculus HGIF.
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  31. Short Proofs of Tautologies using the Schema of Equivalence.Matthias Baaz & Richard Zach - 1994 - In Egon Börger, Yuri Gurevich & Karl Meinke (eds.), Computer Science Logic. 7th Workshop, CSL '93, Swansea. Selected Papers. Berlin: Springer. pp. 33-35.
    It is shown how the schema of equivalence can be used to obtain short proofs of tautologies A , where the depth of proofs is linear in the number of variables in A .
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  32. Incompleteness of a first-order Gödel logic and some temporal logics of programs.Matthias Baaz, Alexander Leitsch & Richard Zach - 1996 - In Kleine Büning Hans (ed.), Computer Science Logic. CSL 1995. Selected Papers. Springer. pp. 1--15.
    It is shown that the infinite-valued first-order Gödel logic G° based on the set of truth values {1/k: k ε w {0}} U {0} is not r.e. The logic G° is the same as that obtained from the Kripke semantics for first-order intuitionistic logic with constant domains and where the order structure of the model is linear. From this, the unaxiomatizability of Kröger's temporal logic of programs (even of the fragment without the nexttime operator O) and of the authors' temporal (...)
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  33.  24
    CSR - the Cuckoo’s Egg in the Business Ethics Nest.Matthias P. Hühn - 2018 - Humanistic Management Journal 3 (2):279-298.
    Corporate/collective moral responsibility is a thorny topic in business ethics and this paper argues that this is due a number of unacknowledged and connected epistemic issues. Firstly, CSR, Corporate Citizenship and many other research streams that are based on the assumption of collective and/or corporate moral responsibility are not compatible with Kantian ethics, consequentialism, or virtue ethics because corporate/collective responsibility violates the axioms and central hypotheses of these research programmes. Secondly, in the absence of a sound theoretical moral philosophical foundation, (...)
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  34.  5
    The constitutional structure of proportionality.Matthias Klatt - 2012 - Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. Edited by Moritz Meister.
    Setting out the 'state of the art' in proportionality doctrine, this book combines theoretical reconstruction with case-law examples, defending and developing the dominant model of proportionality.
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  35. Approximating Propositional Calculi by Finite-valued Logics.Matthias Baaz & Richard Zach - 1994 - In Baaz Matthias & Zach Richard (eds.), 24th International Symposium on Multiple-valued Logic, 1994. Proceedings. IEEE Press. pp. 257–263.
    The problem of approximating a propositional calculus is to find many-valued logics which are sound for the calculus (i.e., all theorems of the calculus are tautologies) with as few tautologies as possible. This has potential applications for representing (computationally complex) logics used in AI by (computationally easy) many-valued logics. It is investigated how far this method can be carried using (1) one or (2) an infinite sequence of many-valued logics. It is shown that the optimal candidate matrices for (1) can (...)
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  36.  22
    Introduction: Perspectives on Cold War Science in Small European States.Matthias Heymann & Janet Martin-Nielsen - 2013 - Centaurus 55 (3):221-242.
    With this introduction we aim to illuminate Western Europe's place on the map of Cold War science and, specifically, to draw attention to the differences in and the diversity of Western European Cold War science in comparison to the United States. By discussing narratives of Cold War science in small states and asking how they fit into the European condition, we suggest that the fact of being a small state affects the conditions for and the scope of Cold War science. (...)
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  37.  3
    The Relationship Between Leaders’ Group-Oriented Values and Follower Identification with and Endorsement of Leaders: The Moderating Role of Leaders’ Group Membership.Matthias M. Graf, Sebastian C. Schuh, Niels Van Quaquebeke & Rolf van Dick - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 106 (3):301-311.
    In this article, we hypothesize that leaders who display group-oriented values (i.e., values that focus on the welfare of the group rather than on the self-interest of the leader) will be evaluated more positively by their followers than leaders who do not display group-oriented values. Importantly, we expected these effects to be more pronounced for leaders who are ingroup members (i.e., stemming from the same social group as their followers) than for leaders who are outgroup members (i.e., leaders stemming from (...)
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  38.  8
    Early is left and up: Saccadic responses reveal horizontal and vertical spatial associations of serial order in working memory.Matthias Hartmann, Corinna S. Martarelli & Nils R. Sommer - 2021 - Cognition 217 (C):104908.
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  39.  21
    Lumping, testing, tuning: The invention of an artificial chemistry in atmospheric transport modeling.Matthias Heymann - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 41 (3):218-232.
  40.  15
    Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Generalization and Replication–A Representationalist View.Matthias Borgstede & Marcel Scholz - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    In this paper, we provide a re-interpretation of qualitative and quantitative modeling from a representationalist perspective. In this view, both approaches attempt to construct abstract representations of empirical relational structures. Whereas quantitative research uses variable-based models that abstract from individual cases, qualitative research favors case-based models that abstract from individual characteristics. Variable-based models are usually stated in the form of quantified sentences. This syntactic structure implies that sentences about individual cases are derived using deductive reasoning. In contrast, case-based models are (...)
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  41.  4
    Fontane und die Realisten: Weltgehalt und Eigensinn.Matthias Bauer - 2019 - Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. Edited by Harald Hohnsbehn & Iulia-Karin Patrut.
    Immer wieder hat sich Theodor Fontane in Briefen und Biografien, Rezensionen und Essays zu zeitgenössischen Autoren geäussert und sein Verständnis von Realismus in Auseinandersetzung mit einzelnen Werken - etwa von Willibald Alexis, Gustav Freytag oder Friedrich Spielhagen - entwickelt. Das Spezifikum seiner eigenen Texte lässt sich nicht zuletzt durch Vergleiche mit der Prosa von Adalbert Stifter und Gottfried Keller, Theodor Storm und Wilhelm Raabe profilieren. Im Verhältnis zu ihrer Art, Figuren zu entwerfen oder Dialoge zu gestalten, gewinnt seine Erzählweise, gewinnt (...)
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  42. .Matthias Becker - 2018
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  43.  4
    Drogo und die Königserhebung Pippins.Matthias Becher - 1989 - Frühmittelalterliche Studien 23 (1):131-153.
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  44.  8
    Einleitung.Matthias Becher, Stephan Conermann, P. D. Florian Hartmann & M. A. Hendrik Hess M. St - 2015 - Das Mittelalter 20 (1).
    Name der Zeitschrift: Das Mittelalter Jahrgang: 20 Heft: 1 Seiten: 1-10.
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  45.  3
    Einleitung.Matthias Becher, Stephan Conermann, Florian Hartmann & Hendrik Hess - 2015 - Das Mittelalter 20 (1):1-10.
    In the course of the 11th century, the economic and demographic growth within the Italian cities and its consequential social problems led to an increasing tension between the aristocratic vassal milieu comprising the bishop on one side and the urban elites on the other. Amongst others, one consequence was the takeover of domination by communal institutions resulting in an independent political participation of the citizens. However, these new communes suffered from a lack of legitimacy. The contemporaries were well aware of (...)
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  46.  4
    Hippokrates am Scheideweg: Medizin zwischen naturwissenschaftlichem Materialismus und ethischer Verantwortung.Matthias Beck - 2016 - Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh.
    Embryonale Stammzellen, Klonen, Präimplantationsdiagnostik, Gendiagnose, Euthanasie - das sind Stichworte einer Medizin im Umbruch, die mit ihrem Menschenbild und ihrer ethischen Fundierung in eine Sackgasse geraten ist. Wir stehen am Beginn einer Epoche, die dabei ist, den Menschen in seinen frühesten Stadien zum Material zu machen, zum Material für Medikamente für andere Menschen. Mit der Invitro-Fertilisation hat die Herstellung von menschlichem Leben ausserhalb des mütterlichen Organismus begonnen. Es ist frei verfügbar geworden. Wohin führt uns diese Entwicklung der modernen naturwissenschaftlichen Medizin? (...)
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  47. A Violent God-Image: An Introduction to the Work of Eugen Drewermann.Matthias Beier - 2004
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  48.  26
    Skolemization in intermediate logics with the finite model property.Matthias Baaz & Rosalie Iemhoff - 2016 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 24 (3):224-237.
  49. Relations between social and legal norms.Matthias Baier - 2013 - In Social and legal norms: towards a socio-legal understanding of normativity. Burlington, VT, USA: Ashgate.
     
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  50.  3
    Social and legal norms: towards a socio-legal understanding of normativity.Matthias Baier (ed.) - 2013 - Burlington, VT, USA: Ashgate.
    This book offers empirical and theoretical research in the field of social and legal norms and provides inspiration for future debate and research in terms of internationalization and cross-national comparative studies. It presents a consistent picture of empirical research in different social and organizational areas and deepens the theoretical understanding regarding the interplay between social and legal norms. The contributors argue that normativity is a result of combinations between law in books, law in action, social norms and social practice. The (...)
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