Results for 'Gernot Kleiter'

325 found
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  1.  8
    Bayesian diagnosis in expert systems.Gernot D. Kleiter - 1992 - Artificial Intelligence 54 (1-2):1-32.
  2.  27
    Implications of natural sampling in base-rate tasks.Gernot D. Kleiter - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (3):270-271.
    The hypothesis that structural properties and not frequencies per se improve base-rate sensitivity is supported from the perspective of natural sampling. Natural sampling uses a special frequency format that makes base-rates redundant. Unfortunately, however, it does not allow us to empirically investigate human understanding of essential properties of uncertainty – most importantly, the understanding of conditional probabilities in Bayes' Theorem.
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  3.  55
    A process model of the understanding of uncertain conditionals.Gernot D. Kleiter, Andrew J. B. Fugard & Niki Pfeifer - 2018 - Thinking and Reasoning 24 (3):386-422.
    ABSTRACTTo build a process model of the understanding of conditionals we extract a common core of three semantics of if-then sentences: the conditional event interpretation in the coherencebased probability logic, the discourse processingtheory of Hans Kamp, and the game-theoretical approach of Jaakko Hintikka. The empirical part reports three experiments in which each participant assessed the probability of 52 if-then sentencesin a truth table task. Each experiment included a second task: An n-back task relating the interpretation of conditionals to working memory, (...)
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  4.  37
    The pseudodiagnosticity trap: Should participants consider alternative hypotheses?Gernot D. Kleiter, Michael E. Doherty & Ryan D. Tweney - 2010 - Thinking and Reasoning 16 (4):332-345.
  5.  7
    Propagating imprecise probabilities in Bayesian networks.Gernot D. Kleiter - 1996 - Artificial Intelligence 88 (1-2):143-161.
  6.  82
    Coherence and Nonmonotonicity in Human Reasoning.Niki Pfeifer & Gernot D. Kleiter - 2005 - Synthese 146 (1-2):93-109.
    Nonmonotonic reasoning is often claimed to mimic human common sense reasoning. Only a few studies, though, have investigated this claim empirically. We report four experiments which investigate three rules of SYSTEMP, namely the AND, the LEFT LOGICAL EQUIVALENCE, and the OR rule. The actual inferences of the subjects are compared with the coherent normative upper and lower probability bounds derived from a non-infinitesimal probability semantics of SYSTEM P. We found a relatively good agreement of human reasoning and principles of nonmonotonic (...)
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  7.  17
    Imprecise Uncertain Reasoning: A Distributional Approach.Gernot D. Kleiter - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  8.  17
    Beware of too much Information.Christian Wallmann & Gernot Kleiter - unknown
  9.  18
    Beyond the answer: Post-error processes.Gernot D. Kleiter & Kurt Schwarzenbacher - 1989 - Cognition 32 (3):255-277.
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  10.  27
    Critical and natural sensitivity to base rates.Gernot D. Kleiter - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (1):27-29.
    This commentary discusses three points: (1) The implications of the fact that it is rational to ignore base rates if probabilities are estimated by frequencies from samples without missing data (natural sampling); (2) second order probabilities distributions are a plausible way to model imprecise probabilities; and (3) Bayesian networks represent a normative reference for multi-cue models of probabilistic inference.
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  11. The conditional in mental probability logic.Niki Pfeifer & Kleiter & Gernot - 2010 - In Mike Oaksford & Nick Chater (eds.), Cognition and Conditionals: Probability and Logic in Human Thought. Oxford University Press.
  12.  94
    Mental probability logic.Niki Pfeifer & Gernot D. Kleiter - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (1):98-99.
    We discuss O&C's probabilistic approach from a probability logical point of view. Specifically, we comment on subjective probability, the indispensability of logic, the Ramsey test, the consequence relation, human nonmonotonic reasoning, intervals, generalized quantifiers, and rational analysis.
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  13. Framing human inference by coherence based probability logic.Niki Pfeifer & Gernot D. Kleiter - 2009 - Journal of Applied Logic 7 (2):206--217.
    We take coherence based probability logic as the basic reference theory to model human deductive reasoning. The conditional and probabilistic argument forms are explored. We give a brief overview of recent developments of combining logic and probability in psychology. A study on conditional inferences illustrates our approach. First steps towards a process model of conditional inferences conclude the paper.
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  14.  63
    Probability Propagation in Generalized Inference Forms.Christian Wallmann & Gernot Kleiter - 2014 - Studia Logica 102 (4):913-929.
    Probabilistic inference forms lead from point probabilities of the premises to interval probabilities of the conclusion. The probabilistic version of Modus Ponens, for example, licenses the inference from \({P(A) = \alpha}\) and \({P(B|A) = \beta}\) to \({P(B)\in [\alpha\beta, \alpha\beta + 1 - \alpha]}\) . We study generalized inference forms with three or more premises. The generalized Modus Ponens, for example, leads from \({P(A_{1}) = \alpha_{1}, \ldots, P(A_{n})= \alpha_{n}}\) and \({P(B|A_{1} \wedge \cdots \wedge A_{n}) = \beta}\) to an according interval for (...)
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  15. Inference in conditional probability logic.Niki Pfeifer & Gernot Kleiter - 2006 - Kybernetika 42 (2):391--404.
    An important field of probability logic is the investigation of inference rules that propagate point probabilities or, more generally, interval probabilities from premises to conclusions. Conditional probability logic (CPL) interprets the common sense expressions of the form “if . . . , then . . . ” by conditional probabilities and not by the probability of the material implication. An inference rule is probabilistically informative if the coherent probability interval of its conclusion is not necessarily equal to the unit interval (...)
     
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  16.  19
    Degradation in Probability Logic : When more Information Leads to Less Precise Conclusions.Christian Wallmann & Gernot Kleiter - unknown
    Probability logic studies the properties resulting from the probabilistic interpretation of logical argument forms. Typical examples are probabilistic Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens. Argument forms with two premises usually lead from precise probabilities of the premises to imprecise or interval probabilities of the conclusion. In the contribution, we study generalized inference forms having three or more premises. Recently, Gilio has shown that these generalized forms ``degrade'' -- more premises lead to more imprecise conclusions, i. e., to wider intervals. We distinguish (...)
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  17.  13
    Exchangeability in Probability Logic.Christian Wallmann & Gernot Kleiter - unknown
    The paper investigates exchangeability in the context of probability logic. We study generalizations of basic inference rules and inferences involving cardinalities. We compare the results with those obtained in the case in which only identical probabilities are assumed.
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  18.  43
    Syllogistic reasoning with intermediate quantifiers.Niki Pfeifer & Gernot D. Kleiter - manuscript
    A system of intermediate quantifiers (“Most S are P”, “m/n S are P”) is proposed for evaluating the rationality of human syllogistic reasoning. Some relations between intermediate quantifiers and probabilistic interpretations are discussed. The paper concludes by the generalization of the atmosphere, matching and conversion hypothesis to syllogisms with intermediate quantifiers. Since our experiments are currently still running, most of the paper is theoretical and intended to stimulate psychological studies.
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  19. How people interpret an uncertain If.Andrew Jb Fugard, Niki Pfeifer, Bastian Mayerhofer & Gernot D. Kleiter - 2009 - In T. Kroupa & J. Vejnarova (eds.), Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Uncertainty Processing. pp. 80-91.
    Conditionals are central to inference. Before people can draw inferences about a natural language conditional, they must interpret its meaning. We investigated interpretation of uncertain conditionals using a probabilistic truth table task, focussing on (i) conditional event, (ii) material conditional, and (iii) conjunction interpretations. The order of object (shape) and feature (color) in each conditional's antecedent and consequent was varied between participants. The conditional event was the dominant interpretation, followed by conjunction, and took longer to process than conjunction (mean di (...)
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  20. How people interpret conditionals: Shifts towards the conditional event.A. J. B. Fugard, Niki Pfeifer, B. Mayerhofer & Gernot D. Kleiter - 2011 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 37 (3):635-648.
    We investigated how people interpret conditionals and how stable their interpretation is over a long series of trials. Participants were shown the colored patterns on each side of a six-sided die, and were asked how sure they were that a conditional holds of the side landing upwards when the die is randomly thrown. Participants were presented with 71 trials consisting of all combinations of binary dimensions of shape (e.g., circles and squares) and color (e.g., blue and red) painted onto the (...)
     
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  21.  4
    Die Konturen der Welt: Geschichte und Gegenwart visueller Bildung nach Otto Neurath.Gernot Waldner (ed.) - 2021 - Wien: Mandelbaum Verlag.
  22.  14
    Die Stabilisierungsfunktion der Verfassung im politischen Prozess: ein systemanalytischer Beitrag zur funktionalen Verfassungstheorie.Gernot Uhl - 2011 - Baden-Baden: Nomos.
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  23.  38
    Datatrust: Or, the political quest for numerical evidence and the epistemologies of Big Data.Gernot Rieder & Judith Simon - 2016 - Big Data and Society 3 (1).
    Recently, there has been renewed interest in so-called evidence-based policy making. Enticed by the grand promises of Big Data, public officials seem increasingly inclined to experiment with more data-driven forms of governance. But while the rise of Big Data and related consequences has been a major issue of concern across different disciplines, attempts to develop a better understanding of the phenomenon's historical foundations have been rare. This short commentary addresses this gap by situating the current push for numerical evidence within (...)
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  24.  28
    Emotional imagery: Strategies and correlates.Gernot Gollnisch & James R. Averill - 1993 - Cognition and Emotion 7 (5):407-429.
  25.  14
    Surprise capture and inattentional blindness.Gernot Horstmann & Ulrich Ansorge - 2016 - Cognition 157 (C):237-249.
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  26. Mapping the Stony Road toward Trustworthy AI: Expectations, Problems, Conundrums.Gernot Rieder, Judith Simon & Pak-Hang Wong - 2021 - In Marcello Pelillo & Teresa Scantamburlo (eds.), Machines We Trust: Perspectives on Dependable Ai. MIT Press.
    The notion of trustworthy AI has been proposed in response to mounting public criticism of AI systems, in particular with regard to the proliferation of such systems into ever more sensitive areas of human life without proper checks and balances. In Europe, the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence has recently presented its Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. To some, the guidelines are an important step for the governance of AI. To others, the guidelines distract effort from genuine AI regulation. (...)
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  27.  26
    Visual search for schematic affective faces: Stability and variability of search slopes with different instances.Gernot Horstmann - 2009 - Cognition and Emotion 23 (2):355-379.
    The threat-advantage hypothesis that threatening or negative faces can be discriminated preattentively has often been tested in the visual search paradigm with schematic stimuli. The results have been heterogeneous, suggesting that the choice of particular stimuli have profound effects on search efficiency. Because this conclusion is hampered by differences in experimental procedure, I selected examples from past literature and presented replicas of stimulus pairs (schematic positive and negative faces) in a within-participants design. Although there was a consistent advantage for angry-face (...)
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  28.  9
    Die widerspenstige Materie: Neues aus derNaturwissenschaft und Konsequenzen für linke Theorie und Praxis.Gernot Ernst - 2013 - Stuttgart: Schmetterling. Edited by Andreas Heinz.
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  29.  7
    Sittlichkeit im Wort-Feld der Begegnung: Sittlichkeit als struktur-dialogisches Freiheits-Ereignis: dargestellt an der Strukturontologie Heinrich Rombachs und der Pneumatologie Ferdinand Ebners.Gernot Dirk Evers - 1979 - Regensburg: Pustet.
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  30.  7
    Kant: an index to theses and dissertations accepted by universities in Canada and the United States, 1879-1985.Gernot U. Gabel - 1989 - Köln: Edition Gemini.
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  31. Habsburg's difficult legacy : Comparing and relating austrian, czech, Magyar, and slovak national historical master-narratives.Gernot Heiss - 2008 - In Stefan Berger & Chris Lorenz (eds.), The Contested Nation: Ethnicity, Class, Religion and Gender in National Histories. Palgrave-Macmillan.
  32.  6
    On the history and value of the central pattern generator concept.Gernot Wendler - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (4):563-563.
  33.  11
    Latency and duration of the action interruption in surprise.Gernot Horstmann - 2006 - Cognition and Emotion 20 (2):242-273.
    Cognitive and biological theories of emotion consider surprise as an emotional response to unexpected events. Four experiments examined the latency and the duration of one behavioural component of surprise: The interruption of ongoing action. Participants were presented with an unannounced visual event—the appearance of new perceptual objects—during the execution of a continuous action—a rapid alternate finger tapping—which allowed a precise measurement of the latency, and the duration of an action interruption induced by the surprising event. Of the participants, 78% interrupted (...)
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  34.  30
    The bioenergetic coordination of a complex biological system is revealed by its adaptation to changing environmental conditions.Gernot Falkner, Ferdinand Wagner & Renate Falkner - 1996 - Acta Biotheoretica 44 (3-4):283-299.
    The properties of the phosphate uptake system of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans have been studied during the transition from a phosphate-deficient non-growing state to a non-deficient growing state. In the phosphate-deficient state the high affinity phosphate transport system in the cell membrane is extremely adaptive. As a result of these adaptive features the phosphate transport system cannot be described by determinate, fixed parameters, because the transport system is influenced by the measurement of the uptake process itself. When the growing state (...)
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  35.  11
    Probleme und Tendenzen in der Sozialisationsforschung: Ansätze für eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit der Theologie.Gernot Czell & Wolf-Dietrich Bukow - 1974 - Zeitschrift Für Evangelische Ethik 18 (1):280-301.
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  36.  5
    Die Selbstgestaltung der Lebewesen in Erfahrungsakten: Eine prozessbiologisch-ökologische Theorie der Organismen.Gernot G. Falkner & Renate A. Falkner - 2020 - Verlag Karl Alber.
    Die zentrale Rolle des Gedächtnisses in der Entwicklung von Lebewesen wurde von Biologen wie Ernst Haeckel, Ewald Hering und Jakob von Uexküll erkannt, wobei zwischen einem Artgedächtnis und einem individuellen Gedächtnis unterschieden wird. Ersteres ist für die Aufrechterhaltung und Weiterentwicklung einer artspezifischen Erscheinungsform verantwortlich, letzteres gestaltet die Erinnerung an individuelle Erfahrungen. Im vorliegenden Band werden die Vorstellungen dieser Biologen mit Ideen der Philosophen G.W.F. Hegel, Alfred N. Whitehead, John Dewey, Ernst Cassirer, Henri Bergson und Reto L. Fetz in einer kohärenten (...)
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  37.  58
    The memory of micro-organisms: An essay on the experience of environmental alterations by bacteria.Gernot Falkner & Renate Falkner - 2008 - World Futures 64 (2):133 – 145.
    Using a generalized conception of experience, from which all features characteristic for higher animals (such as consciousness and thought) have been removed, allowed relating experience to adaptive processes in lower organisms. The temporal vector character of every current experience, containing as well memories of past experiences as intentions for future activities, can then be found in the adaptive response of cyanobacteria to alterations in phosphate supply, particularly in energetic manifestations of this phenomenon. A possible analogy between adaptive events as the (...)
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  38.  21
    Commentary: patient well-being and individual outcomes in the medical practice: impulses from philosophy.Gernot Rüter & Thomas Fröhlich - 2019 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 14 (1):1-7.
    In an everyday private practice setting, regularly also existential topics will emerge from doctor-patient encounters. These are often questions of coping with life and lifestyle. To enable a thorough discussion of such topics, an implicit, and sometimes also explicit reference to a philosophical background is needed. Philosophical concepts to be used in this realm are discussed. An individual patient-doctor interaction is used as an example to demonstrate the doctor’s choice of hermeneutical and phenomenological philosophical concepts.
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  39.  7
    Commentary: patient well-being and individual outcomes in the medical practice: impulses from philosophy.Gernot Rüter & Thomas Fröhlich - 2019 - Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 14 (1):1-7.
    In an everyday private practice setting, regularly also existential topics will emerge from doctor-patient encounters. These are often questions of coping with life and lifestyle. To enable a thorough discussion of such topics, an implicit, and sometimes also explicit reference to a philosophical background is needed. Philosophical concepts to be used in this realm are discussed. An individual patient-doctor interaction is used as an example to demonstrate the doctor’s choice of hermeneutical and phenomenological philosophical concepts.
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  40. Clifford geertz: the philosophical transformation of anthropology.Gernot Saalmann - 2013 - In Ananta Kumar Giri & John Clammer (eds.), Philosophy and anthropology: border crossing and transformations. New York City: Anthem Press.
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  41. Atmosphere as the Fundamental Concept of a New Aesthetics.Gernot Böhme - 1993 - Thesis Eleven 36 (1):113-126.
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  42. 'Abfährten'—'arbeiten': Investigative Erkenntnistheorie.Gernot Grube - 2007 - In Sybille Krämer, Werner Kogge & Gernot Grube (eds.), Spur: Spurenlesen als Orientierungstechnik und Wissenskunst. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. pp. 222--253.
     
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  43.  7
    Felsbilder.Gernot Grube - 2017 - In Pablo Schneider & Marion Lauschke (eds.), 23 Manifeste Zu Bildakt Und Verkörperung. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 69-76.
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  44. Gattungsverständnis : eine Konkretisierung des Verhältnisses von Produktion und Interpretation (am Beispiel der Symphonie des 18. Jahrhunderts).Gernot Gruber - 2003 - In Otto Kolleritsch (ed.), Musikalische Produktion und Interpretation. Zur historischen Unaufhebbarkeit einer ästhetischen Konstellation. Wien: Universal Edition.
     
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  45.  21
    Titles change the esthetic appreciations of paintings.Gernot Gerger & Helmut Leder - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  46.  4
    Bibliographie österreichischer und schweizerischer Dissertationen zur deutschen Philosophie, 1885-1975.Gernot U. Gabel - 1982 - Köln: Edition Gemini.
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  47.  5
    Index to theses on German philosophy accepted by the universities of Great Britain and Ireland, 1900-1980.Gernot U. Gabel - 1984 - Köln: Edition Gemini.
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  48.  6
    Ereignis und Institution: Anknüpfungen an Alain Badiou.Gernot Kamecke & Henning Teschke (eds.) - 2008 - Tübingen: Narr.
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  49.  17
    What is it to Live? Critical Considerations with Regard to Badiou and Bergson Concerning Life Theory and its Language.Gernot Kamecke - 2009 - Filozofski Vestnik 30 (2).
    This essay raises a philosophical question concerning the language of Life Theory. It aims to prove the assumption that in contrast to Life Science, which today is connected to neuroscience and biotechnology, a theory that comprehends “life itself” must exceed the computerized mathematics of modern materialistic positivism. For this purpose, the conceptual possibility of such a theory is analysed from the perspective of 20th century philosophy of life. Beginning with Henri Bergson, who developed an immanent concept of life“from within itself” (...)
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  50.  2
    Hic est pro te bellator ubique.Gernot Michael Müller - 2010 - Millennium 7 (1):223-256.
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