En los escenarios universitarios cada vez resulta menos extraño toparse con investigaciones que indagan por la escritura filosófica proveniente de centros no hegemónicos de producción de conocimiento. Nosotros, que hemos tenido la oportunidad de acercarnos al pasado del ejercicio de la filosofía en el actual territorio colombiano, quisimos hacer una convocatoria pública de escritos dedicados a identificar temas, preguntas y formas en que la variopinta comunidad de la filosofía local está escribiendo su propia historia.

A descriptive-exploratory analysis of assurance practices is presented in this paper, by analysing the patterns of sustainability assurance reporting in two national contexts with different levels of assurance activity over a period of 11 years. The study is based on theoretical insights drawn from institutional sociology and normativity production. It is framed both in the Italian situation, where assurance statements consistently include a narrow set of formal and procedural communications, and in an unsettled situation in the U.S., where assurance activity (...) is more incipient, but where experimentation in substantial assurance disclosure practices has more room to develop. Its main implication is that the diffusion of sustainability assurance and the creation of sustainability assurance disclosure norms are not without its cost: information quality does not increase with patterned practice. The results also point towards the noteworthy role of specific professionals in the earlier and later stages of assurance practice norms. They reveal a significant influence of non-Big4 firms in the diffusion of sustainability assurance disclosure norms. In contrast, the Big4 firms appear to be positively associated with the narrowing down of the assurance focus to a selected subset of this activity in later stages of the development of the assurance norm. In this regard, this study provides insight into the circumstantial—but relevant—carrier role of the Big4 firms in determining what “assurance” means. (shrink)

Este artículo esboza una suerte de impresión diagnóstica de la figura del filósofo. Aunque esta tarea pueda convocar a otras ramas del conocimiento humano, no constituye un estudio psicológico de personalidad ni mucho menos la propuesta para una nueva nosología. Si bien para el tema resulta inevitable señalar el conjunto cualitativo de rasgos, tendencias afectivas y disposiciones corporales usualmente asociados al filósofo, el desarrollo procura apegarse al terreno propiamente filosófico y, al principio, arrancarlo desde una perspectiva literaria. Si se habla (...) de diagnosis, se hace en un sentido figurado más que clínico. Si se habla de especie, es desde la lógica aristotélica. Y para responder a la pregunta cómo es un filósofo, de entre todos sus exponentes, Nietzsche se erige como la principal guía, ya que fue él quien resumió con un adjetivo, de gran polivalencia metafórica, cómo es, cómo ha de ser, un filósofo: un intempestivo. (shrink)

Tradução inédita do texto Vauvenargues de Émile Bréhier (1876-1952). Este texto é o nono capítulo, do quarto livro da magistral Histoire de la philosophie de Bréhier, que vem recebendo diversas edições desde 1930.

El resultado más importante de la epistemología de Evandro Agazzi ha sido probablemente la elaboración de un concepto analógico de ciencia, en el sentido de que, después de haber caracterizado la ciencia como conocimiento objetivo y riguroso, ha mostrado que estas dos características se satisfacen de forma diferente según las condiciones epistémicas, ontológicas y pragmáticas del conocimiento, dando lugar a las diferentes ciencias, naturales, humanas o sociales. El presente artículo subraya el hecho de que cada ciencia se caracteriza entonces por (...) su propia forma de racionalidad y, por lo tanto, el mismo concepto de racionalidad científica tiene un significado analógico bajo las mismas condiciones. Además, la analogía concierne a la racionalidad en cuanto tal y por esta vía se evita el dogmatismo que pretende reconocer una única forma de racionalidad, así como el relativismo que desconoce cualquier forma de racionalidad. Como introducción a este análisis se ofrece una presentación de los elementos fundamentales de la doctrina de la analogía según la tradición clásica y sus concepciones actuales y luego se procede a aplicar dichos requisitos al caso de la racionalidad, llegando a precisar el concepto de racionalidad analógica. (shrink)

Texto de presentación para el monográfico _De São Paulo a Puebla: la izquierda iberoamericana entre el retorno y la transformación (1990-2024)._.

The original article was published without open access and with the copyright notice indicating © Springer Nature B.V. The article is now open access with the copyright residing with the authors.

Minding Time: A Philosophical and Theoretical Approach to the Psychology of Time offers an innovative philosophical account of the most fundamental kinds of time representation.

Resumen:Con el objetivo de pensar lo político y su “conflicto originario” (19) –tema que viene inquietando a Juan Pablo Arancibia desde hace tiempo–, la recuperación de dos nociones griegas permite penetrar en una relación que vendría a desestabilizar o a incomodar nuestro presente “tornando insuficientes –dice– aquellas respuestas normativas provistas por la tradición” (19), en particular –agrega– aquella “confortable representación de la historia del orden y su porvenir” (21).

Este livro é uma das obras que inauguram os estudos semânticos enunciativos no Brasil. Os artigos nele reunidos além de ajudarem a pensar como as ciências da linguagem se colocam no conjunto das discussões científicas e filosóficas, desenvolvem, a partir dos desdobramentos do estruturalismo ducrotiano, análises precisas, e reflexões teórico-metodológicas em torno da argumentação; das relações entre língua e poder, entre linguagem e cultura.

Resumen:En el marco de su filosofía de la moneda Locke desarrolla un concepto de ésta como algo que pertenece a la naturaleza de las cosas, pero cuyo valor debe promulgarse políticamente una sola vez y para siempre. A su juicio la moneda es el oro o la plata, y su ordenamiento está dictado por el orden de la razón natural, lo que obliga a los hombres a erigir su institución respetando esta norma natural de las cosas con la actitud de (...) una promesa inquebrantable. Más allá de la fijación que ordena el valor de la moneda a la naturaleza intrínseca del buen orden social, la intervención estatal en la creación y gestión de la moneda es juzgada en cambio como esencialmente perniciosa. El presente artículo estudia la función que cumple este peculiar concepto de la moneda en cuanto antecedente temprano del mito liberal de la economía como una supuesta disciplina científica cuyo objeto epistémico sería el mercado, entendido éste análogamente, bajo el influjo de las ideas deístas del siglo XVIII, como un producto del orden espontáneo y virtuoso de la sociedad.Palabras clave: Locke; moneda; liberalismo; marginalismo; patrón oro. (shrink)

A lo largo de la historia, la filosofía ha situado gran parte del foco de su quehacer en el constructo intelectual de sistemas de pensamiento que profundizaran en el análisis del mundo. Si embargo, existe una tendencia marginal, dentro de la tradición filosófica, que apuesta por acercarse a la filosofía como una disciplina práctica. En este artículo trataremos de focalizar la investigación en dos pensadores, separados por más de dos mil años, que apostaron por situar la praxis en el epicentro (...) de la filosofía: Pirrón de Élide y Matthew Lipman. El primero dio lugar a un escepticismo donde la ejemplaridad del acto configuraba la doctrina. El segundo, Matthew Lipman, diseñó una metodología de filosofía para niños que ensalza la praxis comunitaria como eje desde el que fundamentar el aprendizaje de la filosofía. Cada uno, desde diferentes planos, el individual por parte de Pirrón y el colectivo en el caso de Lipman, han sido esenciales para poner el valor el sentido práctico de la filosofía. Palabras clave: Práctica; Praxis; Filosofía; Lipman; Pirrón. (shrink)

Este texto tiene como fin analizar el capítulo X de la Estructura de las revoluciones científicas (ERC) de Thomas Kuhn, especialmente su consideración de las Revoluciones como cambios de la visión del mundo (world view). Más que ahondar en cuestiones exegéticas, intentaré: a) explicitar las líneas generales del cambio de paradigma y del cambio de la visión del mundo; b) ubicar las reflexiones en el contexto de la tesis de la inconmensurabilidad; c) identificar las amenazas que podría comportar el planteamiento (...) kuhniano para el Realismo científico; y d) esbozaré algunos modos para escapar de ellas. (shrink)

The Whorfian hypothesis has received support from recent findings in psychology, linguistics, and anthropology. This evidence has been interpreted as supporting the view that language modulates all stages of perception and cognition, in accordance with Whorf’s original proposal. In light of a much broader body of evidence on time perception, I propose to evaluate these findings with respect to their scope. When assessed collectively, the entire body of evidence on time perception shows that the Whorfian hypothesis has a limited scope (...) and that it does not affect early stages of time perception. In particular, all the available evidence shows that the scope of language modulation is limited in the case of time perception, and that the most important mechanisms for time perception are cognitive clocks and simultaneity windows, which we use to perceive the temporal properties of events. Language modulation has distorting effects, but only at later stages of processing or with respect to specific categorization tasks. The paper explains what is the role of these effects in the context of all the available evidence on time cognition and perception. (shrink)

Je rappelle ici l’une des plus constantes préoccupations de la pensée de Jean-Luc Nancy : celle du destin d’un Occident qui, au moment même où il paraît accomplir son élargissement au monde entier, est amené à faire, de plus en plus, le constat de son propre effacement, de son déclin, ou de sa finitude. Je le fais tout en déplaçant quelque peu le point de vue d’où le problème se pose « normalement » car, comme c’est arrivé maintes fois dans (...) mes échanges avec Nancy lui-même, j’y fais jouer mon écart, ou mon arrabal hispanique. (shrink)

Resumo: A percepção envolve muitos enigmas, nem sempre parecendo estar assegurada a unidade entre seu conteúdo e sua forma. Exemplificam tais enigmas as ilusões óticas, o célebre problema de Molyneux e também, como aqui nos interessa, o problema da expressão das cores em modelos cromáticos, que expressam incompatibilidades lógicas, mas se referem ao próprio território da experiência com cores e pigmentos. Neste nosso texto, distinguiremos dois usos do Farbenoktaeder por Wittgenstein, registrando a diferença, que julgamos relevante, entre a incompatibilidade ampla (...) e a incompatibilidade restrita entre cores. (shrink)

Reductionism has dominated science and philosophy for centuries. Complexity has recently shown that interactions—which reductionism neglects—are relevant for understanding phenomena. When interactions are considered, reductionism becomes limited in several aspects. In this paper, I argue that interactions imply nonreductionism, non-materialism, non-predictability, non-Platonism, and non-Nihilism. As alternatives to each of these, holism, informism, adaptation, contextuality, and meaningfulness are put forward, respectively. A worldview that includes interactions not only describes better our world, but can help to solve many open scientific, philosophical, and (...) social problems caused by implications of reductionism. (shrink)

We report three experimental studies of reasoning with double conditionals, i.e. problems based on premises of the form: If A then B. If B then C. where A, B, and C, describe everyday events. We manipulated both the logical structure of the problems, using all four possible arrangements (or “figures” of their constituents, A, B, and C, and the believability of the two salient conditional conclusions that might follow from them, i.e. If A then C, or If C then A. (...) The experiments showed that with figures for which there was a valid conclusion, the participants more often, and more rapidly, drew the valid conclusion when it was believable than when it was unbelievable. With figures for which there were no valid conclusions, the participants tended to draw whichever of the two conclusions was believable. These results were predicted by the theory that reasoning depends on constructing mental models of the premises. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The article, of essayistic-bibliographic character, seeks to reflect on the uses, powers and meanings of the term Aesthetic Education in scientific research, starting, firstly, from approaches on the concept of aesthetics from the texts The Problem of Content, Material and Form in Literary Creation, by Mikhail Bakhtin and Malaise dans l’ésthetique, by Jacques Rancière, to then mobilize, from a Latin American perspective, its relations with the field of education in dialogue with Latin American authors. The text is constituted as (...) a theoretical-methodological exercise to think the Aesthetic Education from angles and prisms still little investigated in the current literature on the subject. (shrink)

According to both contemporary intuitions and scholarly opinion, autonomy is something specifically modern. It is certainly taken to be incompatible with religions like Islam and Judaism, if these are invested with political power. Both religions are seen as centered on a divine Law (sharî'a, viz., torah) which prescribes what we may and may not do, promising reward for obedience and threatening punishment for disobedience. Not we, but God makes the rules. This picture is in important ways misleading. There is, I (...) argue, a substantive intellectual tradition, going back to Plato's Laws, which takes the purpose of a theocracy—a community governed by God through the intermediary of a divine Law—to be promoting rational autonomy, conceived as (1) the ability to rationally determine what is in one's best interest and (2) having the motivation to live accordingly.Among the most important representatives of this intellectual tradition are medieval Muslim and Jewish philosophers. (shrink)

Many pagan, Jewish, Christian and Muslim philosophers from Antiquity to the Enlightenment made no meaningful distinction between philosophy and religion. Instead they advocated a philosophical religion, arguing that God is Reason and that the historical forms of a religious tradition serve as philosophy's handmaid to promote the life of reason among non-philosophers. Carlos Fraenkel provides the first account of this concept and traces its history back to Plato. He shows how Jews and Christians appropriated it in Antiquity, follows it (...) through the Middle Ages in both Islamic and Jewish forms and argues that it underlies Spinoza's interpretation of Christianity. The main challenge to a philosophical religion comes from the modern view that all human beings are equally able to order their lives rationally and hence need no guidance from religion. Fraenkel's wide-ranging book will appeal to anyone interested in how philosophy has interacted with Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious traditions. (shrink)

The σ profile is presented as a tool to analyze the organization of systems at different scales, and how this organization changes in time. Describing structures at different scales as goal‐oriented agents, one can define σ ∈ [0,1] (satisfaction) as the degree to which the goals of each agent at each scale have been met. σ reflects the organization degree at that scale. The σ profile of a system shows the satisfaction at different scales, with the possibility to study their (...) dependencies and evolution. It can also be used to extend game theoretic models. The description of a general tendency on the evolution of complexity and cooperation naturally follows from the σ profile. Experiments on a virtual ecosystem are used as illustration. (shrink)

The connection between quantum physics and the mind has been debated for almost a hundred years. There are several proposals as to how quantum effects might be relevant to understanding consciousness, including von Neumann’s Consciousness Causes Collapse interpretation (CCC), Penrose’s Orchestrated objective reduction (Orch OR), Atmanspacher quantum emergence theory, or Vitiello’s field theory. In this paper, we examine the CCC, in particular Stapp’s theory of interaction of mind and matter, and discuss how this imposes constraints to possible brain structures. We (...) then argue that those constraints may allow us to identify a possible locus of the interaction between mind and matter, if CCC is true. (shrink)

Previous research has demonstrated that ratings of the perceived pleasantness and quality of odors can be modulated by auditory stimuli presented at around the same time. Here, we extend these results by assessing whether the hedonic congruence between odor and sound stimuli can modulate the perception of odor intensity, pleasantness, and quality in untrained participants. Unexpectedly, our results reveal that broadband white noise, which was rated as unpleasant in a follow-up experiment, actually had a more pronounced effect on participants’ odor (...) ratings than either the consonant or dissonant musical selections. In particular, participants rated the six smells used as being less pleasant and less sweet when they happened to be listening to white noise, as compared to any one of the other music conditions. What is more, these results also add evidence to support the existence of a close relationship between an odor’s hedonic character and the perception of odor quality. So, for example, independent of the sound condition, pleasant odors were rated as sweeter, less dry, and brighter than the unpleasant odors. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the understanding of crossmodal correspondences between olfactory and auditory stimuli. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente artículo indaga en las representaciones de estudiantes de doctorado en educación respecto de aquellos aspectos que hacen que una investigación sea ética. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 24 estudiantes de doctorado de diversos programas chilenos (60% mujeres), entre 30 y 52 años. El diseño implicó la realización de seis grupos focales y las interacciones se registraron en audio y video. El análisis del corpus se realizó bajo un enfoque cualitativo basado en la Teoría Fundamentada de perspectiva constructivista. (...) Los resultados muestran la coexistencia de dos representaciones diferentes sobre lo ético en la investigación educacional. Cada una de estas representaciones refleja una comprensión y una forma de concebir la realidad en cuanto al rol que tiene la ética en la investigación. Se discuten las implicancias de estos tipos de representaciones para la acción investigativa, así como para el diseño de programas formativos de doctorado en Chile. Abstract: This article investigates the representations of doctoral students in education regarding those aspects that configure the ethical aspect of scientific research. In this study, participated 24 doctoral students from different Chilean programs (60% women) between 30 and 52 years of age. The design involved six focus groups, and the interactions were recorded in audio and video. The corpus analysis was carried out under a qualitative approach based on Grounded Theory with a constructivist perspective. The results show the coexistence of two different representations of ethics in educational research. Each of these representations reflects an understanding and a way of conceiving reality regarding the role of ethics in research. The implications of these types of representations for research activities, as well as for the design of doctoral training programs in Chile, are discussed. (shrink)

This paper traces the concept and phenomenon of generosity from Aristotle to Emannuel Levinas and beyond. The question motivating this investigation is: must the generous act be restricted by a rational calculation of correct, or prudent, giving? Answers to this question vary. Aristotle and Kant would answer in the affirmative, while Emerson and Levinas would not. The bulk of this paper is dedicated to Levinas's characterization of excessive generosity as a condition for the fundamental ethical relation, namely, the generous welcome (...) of the Other. I end by considering the phenomenon of generosity from the point of view of the mid‐20th century Mexican philosopher, Emilio Uranga. (shrink)

With the advent of the cloud computing model allowing a shared access to massive computing facilities, a surging demand emerges for the protection of the intellectual property tied to the programs executed on these uncontrolled systems. If novel paradigm as confidential computing aims at protecting the data manipulated during the execution, obfuscating techniques (in particular at the source code level) remain a popular solution to conceal the purpose of a program or its logic without altering its functionality, thus preventing reverse-engineering (...) on the program even with the help of computing resources. The many advantages of code obfuscation, together with its low cost, makes it a popular technique. This paper proposes a novel methodology for source code obfuscation that can be used together with other traditional obfuscation techniques, making the code more robust against reverse engineering attacks. Three program complexity metrics are used to define three different single-objective combinatorial optimization versions of the problem, which are solved and analysed. Additionally, three multi-objective problems are defined, those considering each of the selected metrics together with the program execution time, in order to avoid strong obfuscations penalizing the performance. The goal of the defined problems is to find sequences of LLVM optimizations that lead to highly obfuscated versions of the original code. These transformations are applied to the back-end pseudo-assembly code (i.e., LLVM Intermediate Representation), thus avoiding any further optimizations by the compiler. Classical genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to solve the studied problems, namely a basic cellular GA for the single-objective problems and the popular NSGA-II for the multi-objective ones. The promising results show the potential of the proposed technique. (shrink)

Précis of El libre albedrío. Un estudio filosófico En este libro nos hemos planteado varios objetivos. En primer lugar, ofrecer al lector una guía o mapa que le oriente en el complejo territorio del debate sobre el libre albedrío. En segundo lugar, abogar por una determinada concepción del libre albedrío, a saber, el libertarismo, frente a otras posibles, en especial el compatibilismo. En tercer lugar, defender la existencia del libre albedrío frente a diversos desafíos, de tipos también diversos, que la (...) ponen en cuestión. (shrink)

My main aim in this paper is to improve and give further support to a defense of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP) against Frankfurt cases which I put forward in some previous work. In the present paper I concentrate on a recent Frankfurt case, Pereboom's "Tax Evasion". After presenting the essentials of my defense of PAP and applying it to this case, I go on to consider several objections that have been (or might be) raised against it and argue (...) that they don't succeed. I conclude by pointing out that my criticism of Pereboom's example suggests a general strategy against other actual or possible Frankfurt cases. (shrink)

In the so-called knowledge society, communication plays a key role in organizations. In traditional societies, the exchange of personal communication was conducted _face to face_. The development of new technologies has expanded the possibilities of transmitting more information within organizations and faster. Technology has brought greater opportunities for collective communication, as well as greater information management. The impact of these factors has led to some very significant changes in the business world. In these processes of change, within organizations, the role (...) of communication is increasingly playing a critical role. This article defends the relevance of ethical communication in 21st Century leadership. It is argued that leaders will find in ethical communication the means of gaining credibility and the confidence of their most immediate collaborators, their teams, the organizations they lead and the society in which the company operates. Taking the fundamental structure between internal and external communication as a starting point, the article describes the necessary conditions for leadership to develop ethical communication. It establishes the general and common characteristics of people-centered ethical communication, both as individuals and teams. Furthermore, it identifies the conditions that must generate ethical external communication through which leaders can convey messages to their target audience. For this purpose, the article is structured into the following sections: 1. The importance of communication within organizations. 2. Two levels of communication. 3. What is required of a leader-communicator in order to communicate well? 4. The basic Q&A of communication. (shrink)

O presente artigo aborda as concessões feitas por Husserl no texto de Prolegômenos, na segunda edição de Investigações Lógicas. O artigo mostra que a concessão mais difícil estaria exatamente na manutenção da ideia de “verdade em si”. Por um lado, Husserl afirma que a “verdade em si” não poderia depender da constituição da natureza humana, pois tal dependência abalaria o próprio sentido da ideia de “verdade”. Por outro lado, não deixaria de reconhecer a insuficiência da ideia de “verdade em si”, (...) na medida em que tal ideia encobriria o importante problema da relação entre o real e o ideal. (shrink)

Se busca reconstruir los posibles pasos seguidos por Hegel en el camino a la Fenomenología del Espíritu. Se asumen las variantes históricas que se presentan en aquel recorrido, y se trata de determinar el sentido y la relación que éstas guardan con la consolidación filosófica de la obra. En ambos as..