Results for 'Complexity, measuring complexity, Kolmogorov complexity, logical depth, measuring quantity, measuring quality, simplification, definition of complexity'

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  1.  50
    Measuring Complexity: Things That Go Wrong and How to Get It Right—Version 2.Vincent Vesterby - manuscript
    Seven problems that occur in attempts to measure complexity are pointed out as they occur in four proposed measurement techniques. Each example method is an improvement over the previous examples. It turns out, however, that none are up to the challenge of complexity. Apparently, there is no currently available method that truly gets the measure of complexity. There are two reasons. First, the most natural approach, quantitative analysis, is rendered inadequate by the very nature of complexity. (...)
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  2.  19
    Dialectical Hegelian Logic and Physical Quantity and Quality.J. L. Usó-Doménech, J. A. Nescolarde-Selva & H. Gash - 2022 - Foundations of Science 27 (2):555-572.
    In Ontology, quality determines beings. The quality-quantity bipolarity reveals that a conceptual logical comprehension that can include negation must be a dialectical logic. Quality is a precise characteristic of something capable of augmentation or diminution while remaining identical through differences or quantitative changes. Thus, quality and in opposition quantity are inextricably linked, giving definition to each other, so constituting a logical bipolarity. The theory is that a magnitude G is never separated from secondary qualities α and β, (...)
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  3.  68
    Ecosystem Complexity Through the Lens of Logical Depth: Capturing Ecosystem Individuality.Cédric Gaucherel - 2014 - Biological Theory 9 (4):440-451.
    In this article, I will discuss possible differences between ecosystems and organisms on the basis of their intrinsic complexity. As the concept of complexity still remains highly debated, I propose here a practical and original way to measure the complexity of an ecosystem or an organism. For this purpose, I suggest using the concept of logical depth (LD) in a specific manner, in order to take into account the difficulty as well as the time needed to (...)
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  4. Itzhak Gilboa.Kolmogorov'S. Complexity Measure & L. Simpucism - 1994 - In Dag Prawitz & Dag Westerståhl (eds.), Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala: Papers From the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 205.
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  5.  7
    What Can We Know of Computational Information? Measuring, Quantity, and Quality at Work in Programmable Artifacts.Federico Gobbo & Marco Benini - 2016 - Topoi 35 (1):203-212.
    This paper explores the problem of knowledge in computational informational organisms, i.e. organisms that include a computing machinery at the artifact side. Although information can be understood in many ways, from the second half of the past century information is getting more and more digitised, von Neumann machines becoming dominant. Computational information is a challenge for the act of measuring, as neither purely quantitative nor totally qualitative approaches satisfy the need to explain the interplay among the agents producing and (...)
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  6.  40
    Hegel on being.Stephen Houlgate - 2021 - New York, NY, USA: Bloomsbury Academic.
    Hegel on Being provides an authoritative treatment of Hegel's entire logic of being. Stephen Houlgate presents the Science of Logic as an important and neglected text within Hegel's oeuvre that should hold a more significant place in the history of philosophy. In the Science of Logic, Hegel set forth a distinctive conception of the most fundamental forms of being through ideas on quality, quantity and measure. Exploring the full trajectory of Hegel's logic of being from quality to measure, this two-volume (...)
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  7.  15
    Hegel on Being.Michela Bordignon - 2023 - Hegel Bulletin 44 (3):472-481.
    With Hegel on Being, Stephen Houlgate presents an impressive philosophical analysis of one of the most obscure, but also most important texts of the whole Western philosophical tradition. Houlgate's book is an in-depth systematic investigation of the entire doctrine of being of Hegel's mature logical system. This work takes up and develops a series of reflections presented in The Opening of Hegel's Logic (2006), which were dedicated to the first two chapters of the section on quality in the Science (...)
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  8. Quantity in Quantum Mechanics and the Quantity of Quantum Information.Vasil Penchev - 2021 - Philosophy of Science eJournal (Elsevier: SSRN) 14 (47):1-10.
    The paper interprets the concept “operator in the separable complex Hilbert space” (particalry, “Hermitian operator” as “quantity” is defined in the “classical” quantum mechanics) by that of “quantum information”. As far as wave function is the characteristic function of the probability (density) distribution for all possible values of a certain quantity to be measured, the definition of quantity in quantum mechanics means any unitary change of the probability (density) distribution. It can be represented as a particular case of “unitary” (...)
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  9.  12
    The Kolmogorov complexity of random reals.Liang Yu, Decheng Ding & Rodney Downey - 2004 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 129 (1-3):163-180.
    We investigate the initial segment complexity of random reals. Let K denote prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity. A natural measure of the relative randomness of two reals α and β is to compare complexity K and K. It is well-known that a real α is 1-random iff there is a constant c such that for all n, Kn−c. We ask the question, what else can be said about the initial segment complexity of random reals. Thus, we study (...)
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  10.  11
    Kolmogorov complexity and set theoretical representations of integers.Marie Ferbus-Zanda & Serge Grigorieff - 2006 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 52 (4):375-403.
    We reconsider some classical natural semantics of integers in the perspective of Kolmogorov complexity. To each such semantics one can attach a simple representation of integers that we suitably effectivize in order to develop an associated Kolmogorov theory. Such effectivizations are particular instances of a general notion of “self-enumerated system” that we introduce in this paper. Our main result asserts that, with such effectivizations, Kolmogorov theory allows to quantitatively distinguish the underlying semantics. We characterize the families (...)
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  11.  20
    On the Kolmogorov complexity of continuous real functions.Amin Farjudian - 2013 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 164 (5):566-576.
    Kolmogorov complexity was originally defined for finitely-representable objects. Later, the definition was extended to real numbers based on the asymptotic behaviour of the sequence of the Kolmogorov complexities of the finitely-representable objects—such as rational numbers—used to approximate them.This idea will be taken further here by extending the definition to continuous functions over real numbers, based on the fact that every continuous real function can be represented as the limit of a sequence of finitely-representable enclosures, such (...)
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  12.  27
    Unified characterizations of lowness properties via Kolmogorov complexity.Takayuki Kihara & Kenshi Miyabe - 2015 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 54 (3-4):329-358.
    Consider a randomness notion C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal{C}}$$\end{document}. A uniform test in the sense of C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal{C}}$$\end{document} is a total computable procedure that each oracle X produces a test relative to X in the sense of C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal{C}}$$\end{document}. We say that a binary sequence Y is C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal{C}}$$\end{document}-random uniformly relative to (...)
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  13.  5
    Concept of Biological Progress and Information as Indication and Measure of Ontic Growth.Tonci Kokic & Josip Balabanic - 2004 - Prolegomena 3 (2):119-134.
    The history of the idea of biological progress shows that it is not a selfexplanatory category, so a clear definition is required. Biological progress exists if: “more progressive” is defined as “more complex” – in that case evolution is synonymous with progress, i.e. development from simple to complex, from homogeneous to heterogeneous; we perceive the expression “more progressive” as more successful in relation to the environment, in these terms some groups in the history of life were more progressive because/so (...)
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  14.  7
    Complexity Measures for Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution.Nicholas Smaal & José Roberto C. Piqueira - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-6.
    This work presents a discussion about the application of the Kolmogorov; López-Ruiz, Mancini, and Calbet ; and Shiner, Davison, and Landsberg complexity measures to a common situation in physics described by the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. The first idea about complexity measure started in computer science and was proposed by Kolmogorov, calculated similarly to the informational entropy. Kolmogorov measure when applied to natural phenomena, presents higher values associated with disorder and lower to order. However, it is considered (...)
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  15.  4
    Beyond the edge of certainty: Essays in contemporary science and philosophy.Darrel E. Christensen - 1967 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 5 (4):388-389.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:388 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Beyond the Edge of Certainty: Essays in Contemporary Science and Philosophy. Edited with an Introduction by Robert G. Colodny. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.) This is the second volume of lectures on various current topics in the philosophy of the physical, biological, and social sciences which has been published under the auspices of the Center for Philosophy of Science at the University of (...)
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  16.  30
    A Short Discussion of Stephen Houlgate's Hegel on Being.Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer - 2023 - Hegel Bulletin 44 (3):503-508.
    It is a heroic enterprise to develop a systematic reading of Hegel's Doctrine of Being, the first of three books in the Science of Logic. The basic idea of Houlgate's grand interpretation of Hegel's three parts of this Doctrine, which I call the Logic of Quality, Quantity and Measure, is that Hegel demands a ‘presuppositionless derivation of categories’ (II: ix). Hegel on Being (in short: HoB) presents a thoroughgoing and rigorous interpretation in a kind of dialogue (as I would characterize (...)
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  17.  3
    Beyond the Edge of Certainty: Essays in Contemporary Science and Philosophy (review). [REVIEW]Darrel E. Christensen - 1967 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 5 (4):388-389.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:388 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Beyond the Edge of Certainty: Essays in Contemporary Science and Philosophy. Edited with an Introduction by Robert G. Colodny. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.) This is the second volume of lectures on various current topics in the philosophy of the physical, biological, and social sciences which has been published under the auspices of the Center for Philosophy of Science at the University of (...)
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  18.  7
    Compressibility and Kolmogorov Complexity.Stephen Binns & Marie Nicholson - 2013 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 54 (1):105-123.
    This paper continues the study of the metric topology on $2^{\mathbb {N}}$ that was introduced by S. Binns. This topology is induced by a directional metric where the distance from $Y\in2^{\mathbb {N}}$ to $X\in2^{\mathbb {N}}$ is given by \[\limsup_{n}\frac{C(X\upharpoonright n|Y\upharpoonright n)}{n}.\] This definition is closely related to the notions of effective Hausdorff and packing dimensions. Here we establish that this is a path-connected topology on $2^{\mathbb {N}}$ and that under it the functions $X\mapsto\operatorname{dim}_{\mathcal{H}}X$ and $X\mapsto\operatorname{dim}_{p}X$ are continuous. We also (...)
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  19.  3
    Quantity and Quality: Some Aspects of Measurement.Arnold Koslow - 1982 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1982:183 - 198.
    A description is given of the quantitative-qualitative distinction for terms in theories of measurable attributes, and, adjoined to that account, a suggestion is made concerning the sense in which empirical relational systems have an empirical attribute as their topic or focus. Since this characterization of quantitative terms, relative to a partition, makes no explicit reference to numbers, concatenation operations, or ordering relations, we show how our results are related to some standard theorems in the literature. Analogs of representation and uniqueness (...)
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  20.  12
    Kolmogorov complexity and information theory. With an interpretation in terms of questions and answers.Peter D. Grünwald & Paul M. B. Vitányi - 2003 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 12 (4):497-529.
    We compare the elementary theories of Shannon information and Kolmogorov complexity, the extent to which they have a common purpose, and wherethey are fundamentally different. We discuss and relate the basicnotions of both theories: Shannon entropy, Kolmogorov complexity, Shannon mutual informationand Kolmogorov (``algorithmic'') mutual information. We explainhow universal coding may be viewed as a middle ground betweenthe two theories. We consider Shannon's rate distortion theory, whichquantifies useful (in a certain sense) information.We use the communication of (...)
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  21.  20
    Interpretation in Legal Theory.Andrei Marmor (ed.) - 1990 - Hart Publishing.
    Chapter 1: An Introduction: The ‘Semantic Sting’ Argument Describes Dworkin’s theory as concerning the conditions of legal validity. “A legal system is a system of norms. Validity is a logical property of norms in a way akin to that in which truth is a logical property of propositions. A statement about the law is true if and only if the norm it purports to describe is a valid legal norm…It follows that there must be certain conditions which render (...)
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  22.  14
    On the computational power of random strings.Adam R. Day - 2009 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 160 (2):214-228.
    There are two fundamental computably enumerable sets associated with any Kolmogorov complexity measure. These are the set of non-random strings and the overgraph. This paper investigates the computational power of these sets. It follows work done by Kummer, Muchnik and Positselsky, and Allender and co-authors. Muchnik and Positselsky asked whether there exists an optimal monotone machine whose overgraph is not tt-complete. This paper answers this question in the negative by proving that the overgraph of any optimal monotone machine, (...)
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  23.  19
    Exhaustive Interpretation of Complex Sentences.Robert Rooij & Katrin Schulz - 2004 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 13 (4):491-519.
    In terms of Groenendijk and Stokhof’s (1984) formalization of exhaustive interpretation, many conversational implicatures can be accounted for. In this paper we justify and generalize this approach. Our justification proceeds by relating their account via Halpern and Moses’ (1984) non-monotonic theory of ‘only knowing’ to the Gricean maxims of Quality and the first sub-maxim of Quantity. The approach of Groenendijk and Stokhof (1984) is generalized such that it can also account for implicatures that are triggered in subclauses not entailed by (...)
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  24. Measurement Accuracy Realism.Paul Teller - 2013
    This paper challenges “traditional measurement-accuracy realism”, according to which there are in nature quantities of which concrete systems have definite values. An accurate measurement outcome is one that is close to the value for the quantity measured. For a measurement of the temperature of some water to be accurate in this sense requires that there be this temperature. But there isn’t. Not because there are no quantities “out there in nature” but because the term ‘the temperature of this water’ fails (...)
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  25.  21
    Exhaustive interpretation of complex sentences.Robert van Rooij & Katrin Schulz - 2004 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 13 (4):491-519.
    In terms of Groenendijk and Stokhofs (1984) formalization of exhaustive interpretation, many conversational implicatures can be accounted for. In this paper we justify and generalize this approach. Our justification proceeds by relating their account via Halpern and Moses (1984) non-monotonic theory of only knowing to the Gricean maxims of Quality and the first sub-maxim of Quantity. The approach of Groenendijk and Stokhof (1984) is generalized such that it can also account for implicatures that are triggered in subclauses not entailed by (...)
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  26. Meillassoux’s Virtual Future.Graham Harman - 2011 - Continent 1 (2):78-91.
    continent. 1.2 (2011): 78-91. This article consists of three parts. First, I will review the major themes of Quentin Meillassoux’s After Finitude . Since some of my readers will have read this book and others not, I will try to strike a balance between clear summary and fresh critique. Second, I discuss an unpublished book by Meillassoux unfamiliar to all readers of this article, except those scant few that may have gone digging in the microfilm archives of the École normale (...)
     
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  27.  30
    Measures of Prägnanz?Baingio Pinna, Andrea van Doorn & Jan Koenderink - 2018 - Gestalt Theory 40 (1):7-28.
    Summary Prägnanz was suggested by Max Wertheimer in the 1920s as subsuming all “Laws of Gestalt” as they apply to visual awareness. Thus, it assumes a prominent position in any account of Gestalt phenomena. From a phenomenological perspective, some visual stimuli evidently “have more Prägnanz” than others, so Prägnanz seems to be an intensive quality. Here, we investigate the intricacies that need to be faced on the way to a definition of formal scales. Such measures naturally depend both upon (...)
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  28.  13
    Enumerations of the Kolmogorov Function.Richard Beigel, Harry Buhrman, Peter Fejer, Lance Fortnow, Piotr Grabowski, Luc Longpré, Andrej Muchnik, Frank Stephan & Leen Torenvliet - 2006 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 71 (2):501 - 528.
    A recursive enumerator for a function h is an algorithm f which enumerates for an input x finitely many elements including h(x), f is a k(n)-enumerator if for every input x of length n, h(x) is among the first k(n) elements enumerated by f. If there is a k(n)-enumerator for h then h is called k(n)-enumerable. We also consider enumerators which are only A-recursive for some oracle A. We determine exactly how hard it is to enumerate the Kolmogorov function, (...)
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  29.  33
    Universal Ethics: Organized Complexity as an Intrinsic Value.Jean-Paul Delahaye & Clément Vidal - 2019 - In G. Georgiev, C. L. F. Martinez, M. E. Price & J. M. Smart (eds.), Evolution, Development and Complexity: Multiscale Evolutionary Models of Complex Adaptive Systems. Springer. pp. 135-154.
    ABSTRACT: How can we think about a universal ethics that could be adopted by any intelligent being, including the rising population of cyborgs, intelligent machines, intelligent algorithms or even potential extraterrestrial life? We generally give value to complex structures, to objects resulting from a long work, to systems with many elements and with many links finely adjusted. These include living beings, books, works of art or scientific theories. Intuitively, we want to keep, multiply, and share such structures, as well as (...)
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  30.  3
    On reals with -bounded complexity and compressive power.Ian Herbert - 2016 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 81 (3):833-855.
    The Kolmogorov complexity of a finite binary string is the length of the shortest description of the string. This gives rise to some ‘standard’ lowness notions for reals: A isK-trivial if its initial segments have the lowest possible complexity and A is low forKif using A as an oracle does not decrease the complexity of strings by more than a constant factor. We weaken these notions by requiring the defining inequalities to hold only up to all${\rm{\Delta (...)
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  31.  62
    Beyond Quantities and Qualities: Frege and Jevons on Measurement.Raphaël Sandoz - 2016 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 6 (2):212-238.
    On which philosophical foundations is the attribution of numerical magnitudes to qualitative phenomena based? That is, what is the philosophical basis for attributing, through measurement operations, numbers to empirical qualities that our senses perceive in the outside world? This question, nowadays rarely addressed in such a way, actually refers to an old debate about the quantification of qualities. A historical analysis reveals that it was a major issue in the “context of discovery” of the first attempts to mathematize new fields (...)
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  32.  15
    Spacetime quantum probabilities, relativized descriptions, and popperian propensities. Part I: Spacetime quantum probabilities. [REVIEW]Mioara Mugur-Schächter - 1991 - Foundations of Physics 21 (12):1387-1449.
    An integrated view concerning the probabilistic organization of quantum mechanics is obtained by systematic confrontation of the Kolmogorov formulation of the abstract theory of probabilities, with the quantum mechanical representationand its factual counterparts. Because these factual counterparts possess a peculiar spacetime structure stemming from the operations by which the observer produces the studied states (operations of state preparation) and the qualifications of these (operations of measurement), the approach brings forth “probability trees,” complex constructs with treelike spacetime support.Though it is (...)
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  33.  33
    Newtonian Emanation, Spinozism, Measurement and the Baconian Origins of the Laws of Nature.Eric Schliesser - 2013 - Foundations of Science 18 (3):449-466.
    The first two sections of this paper investigate what Newton could have meant in a now famous passage from “De Graviatione” (hereafter “DeGrav”) that “space is as it were an emanative effect of God.” First it offers a careful examination of the four key passages within DeGrav that bear on this. The paper shows that the internal logic of Newton’s argument permits several interpretations. In doing so, the paper calls attention to a Spinozistic strain in Newton’s thought. Second it sketches (...)
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  34.  16
    On Measuring the Complexity of Networks: Kolmogorov Complexity versus Entropy.Mikołaj Morzy, Tomasz Kajdanowicz & Przemysław Kazienko - 2017 - Complexity:1-12.
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  35.  2
    Measure independent Gödel speed‐ups and the relative difficulty of recognizing sets.Martin K. Solomon - 1993 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 39 (1):384-392.
    We provide and interpret a new measure independent characterization of the Gödel speed-up phenomenon. In particular, we prove a theorem that demonstrates the indifference of the concept of a measure independent Gödel speed-up to an apparent weakening of its definition that is obtained by requiring only those measures appearing in some fixed Blum complexity measure to participate in the speed-up, and by deleting the “for all r” condition from the definition so as to relax the required amount (...)
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  36.  5
    On partial randomness.Cristian S. Calude, Ludwig Staiger & Sebastiaan A. Terwijn - 2006 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 138 (1):20-30.
    If is a random sequence, then the sequence is clearly not random; however, seems to be “about half random”. L. Staiger [Kolmogorov complexity and Hausdorff dimension, Inform. and Comput. 103 159–194 and A tight upper bound on Kolmogorov complexity and uniformly optimal prediction, Theory Comput. Syst. 31 215–229] and K. Tadaki [A generalisation of Chaitin’s halting probability Ω and halting self-similar sets, Hokkaido Math. J. 31 219–253] have studied the degree of randomness of sequences or reals (...)
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  37.  8
    Measurement of the Effects of School Psychological Services: A Scoping Review.Bettina Müller, Alexa von Hagen, Natalie Vannini & Gerhard Büttner - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    School psychologists are asked to systematically evaluate the effects of their work to ensure quality standards. Given the different types of methods applied to different users of school psychology measuring the effects of school psychological services is a complex task. Thus, the focus of our scoping review was to systematically investigate the state of past research on the measurement of the effects of school psychological services published between 1998 and 2018 in eight major school psychological journals. Of the 5,048 (...)
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  38.  10
    Program Size Complexity for Possibly Infinite Computations.Verónica Becher, Santiago Figueira, André Nies & Silvana Picchi - 2005 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 46 (1):51-64.
    We define a program size complexity function $H^\infty$ as a variant of the prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity, based on Turing monotone machines performing possibly unending computations. We consider definitions of randomness and triviality for sequences in ${\{0,1\}}^\omega$ relative to the $H^\infty$ complexity. We prove that the classes of Martin-Löf random sequences and $H^\infty$-random sequences coincide and that the $H^\infty$-trivial sequences are exactly the recursive ones. We also study some properties of $H^\infty$ and compare it with other (...) functions. In particular, $H^\infty$ is different from $H^A$, the prefix-free complexity of monotone machines with oracle A. (shrink)
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  39.  8
    Interpretation of De Finetti coherence criterion in Łukasiewicz logic.Daniele Mundici - 2010 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 161 (2):235-245.
    De Finetti gave a natural definition of “coherent probability assessment” β:E→[0,1] of a set E={X1,…,Xm} of “events” occurring in an arbitrary set of “possible worlds”. In the particular case of yes–no events, , Kolmogorov axioms can be derived from his criterion. While De Finetti’s approach to probability was logic-free, we construct a theory Θ in infinite-valued Łukasiewicz propositional logic, and show: a possible world of is a valuation satisfying Θ, β is coherent iff it is a convex combination (...)
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  40.  24
    Kant’s Categories of Quantity and Quality, Reconsidered: From the Point of View of the History of Logic and Natural Science.Yasuhiko Tomida - 2022 - Philosophia 50 (5):2707-2731.
    According to Kant, the division of the categories “is not the result of a search after pure concepts undertaken at haphazard,” but is derived from the “complete” classification of judgments developed by traditional logic. However, the sorts of judgments that he enumerates in his table of judgments are not all ones that traditional logic has dealt with; consequently, we must say that he chose the sorts of judgments in question with a certain intention. Besides, we know that his choice of (...)
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  41.  5
    Shift-complex sequences.Mushfeq Khan - 2013 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 19 (2):199-215.
    A Martin-Löf random sequence is an infinite binary sequence with the property that every initial segment $\sigma$ has prefix-free Kolmogorov complexity $K$ at least $|\sigma| - c$, for some constant $c \in \omega$. Informally, initial segments of Martin-Löf randoms are highly complex in the sense that they are not compressible by more than a constant number of bits. However, all Martin-Löf randoms necessarily have contiguous substrings of arbitrarily low complexity. If we demand that all substrings of a (...)
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  42. The logical structure of time according to the chapter on the Schematism.Mario Caimi - 2012 - Kant Studien 103 (4):415-428.
    : Usually, when studying schematism we devote almost exclusive attention to the study of the modifications that the categories suffer when combined with time. Instead, we have focused our attention on the determinations that time receives when combined with the categories. Departing from the definition of the transcendental schemata as “determinations of time”, an attempt is made to establish the various determinations that time receives from each one of the categories, as these perform the determination of time in schematism. (...)
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  43.  45
    Going Beyond Input Quantity: Wh‐Questions Matter for Toddlers' Language and Cognitive Development.Meredith L. Rowe, Kathryn A. Leech & Natasha Cabrera - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (S1):162-179.
    There are clear associations between the overall quantity of input children are exposed to and their vocabulary acquisition. However, by uncovering specific features of the input that matter, we can better understand the mechanisms involved in vocabulary learning. We examine whether exposure to wh-questions, a challenging quality of the communicative input, is associated with toddlers' vocabulary and later verbal reasoning skills in a sample of low-income, African-American fathers and their 24-month-old children. Dyads were videotaped in free play sessions at home. (...)
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  44.  9
    Kolmogorov complexity and characteristic constants of formal theories of arithmetic.Shingo Ibuka, Makoto Kikuchi & Hirotaka Kikyo - 2011 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 57 (5):470-473.
    We investigate two constants cT and rT, introduced by Chaitin and Raatikainen respectively, defined for each recursively axiomatizable consistent theory T and universal Turing machine used to determine Kolmogorov complexity. Raatikainen argued that cT does not represent the complexity of T and found that for two theories S and T, one can always find a universal Turing machine such that equation image. We prove the following are equivalent: equation image for some universal Turing machine, equation image for (...)
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  45.  2
    The Measurement and Definition of Sensible Qualities.William A. Wallace - 1965 - New Scholasticism 39 (1):1-25.
  46.  11
    COVID-19 protective measures in nursing homes: Between autonomy and care – Results of an interview study. [REVIEW]Magdalena Flatscher-Thöni, Elisabeth Holzer, Martin Pallauf & Christiane Kreyer - 2022 - Ethik in der Medizin 34 (2):221-238.
    Definition of the problem This interview study investigated ethical issues in long-term care facilities from the perspective of caregivers during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Due to the explorative as well as descriptive methodological approach, interview data are available and can be assigned to four central topics, which reveal a complex and sometimes conflictual reality of work and life in long-term care during the pandemic. On the one hand, the protective measures taken by the state and the institutions, as well (...)
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  47.  12
    On meta complexity of propositional formulas and propositional proofs.Pavel Naumov - 2008 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 47 (1):35-52.
    A new approach to defining complexity of propositional formulas and proofs is suggested. Instead of measuring the size of these syntactical structures in the propositional language, the article suggests to define the complexity by the size of external descriptions of such constructions. The main result is a lower bound on proof complexity with respect to this new definition of complexity.
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  48.  8
    Human Research and Complexity Theory.James Horn - 2008 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 40 (1):130-143.
    The disavowal of positivist science by many educational researchers has resulted in a deepening polarization of research agendas and an epistemological divide that appears increasingly difficult to span. Despite a turning away from science altogether by some, and thus toward various forms of poststructuralist inquiry, this has not held back the renewed entrenchment of more narrow definitions by policy elites of what constitutes scientific educational research. The new sciences of complexity signal the emergence of a new scientific paradigm that (...)
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  49.  20
    Measuring the impact of clinical ethics support services: further points for consideration.Virginia Sanchini, Chiara Crico, Paolo G. Casali & Gabriella Pravettoni - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (11):877-878.
    In their contribution, Kok et al raise a relevant, though often underestimated, issue: clinical ethics support services are often assumed to lead to an improvement of quality of care at the organisational level, but evidence in support of this claim is weak, if not completely lacking.1 Therefore, the authors propose a complex theoretical model connecting a specific kind of CESS, moral case deliberation, with mechanisms for quality of care improvement at the individual and the organisational level. The proposal is original, (...)
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  50.  12
    Human research and complexity theory.James Horn - 2008 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 40 (1):130–143.
    The disavowal of positivist science by many educational researchers has resulted in a deepening polarization of research agendas and an epistemological divide that appears increasingly difficult to span. Despite a turning away from science altogether by some, and thus toward various forms of poststructuralist inquiry, this has not held back the renewed entrenchment of more narrow definitions by policy elites of what constitutes scientific educational research. The new sciences of complexity signal the emergence of a new scientific paradigm that (...)
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