Results for 'Elise Juzda Smith'

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  1.  18
    Claude Blanckaert . La Vénus hottentote: Entre Barnum et Muséum. 478 pp., illus., index. Paris: Publications Scientifiques du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2013. €35. [REVIEW]Elise Juzda Smith - 2015 - Isis 106 (1):195-196.
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  2.  10
    Skulls, science, and the spoils of war: craniological studies at the United States Army Medical Museum, 1868–1900.Elise Juzda - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40 (3):156-167.
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  3.  47
    Skulls, science, and the spoils of war: craniological studies at the United States Army Medical Museum, 1868–1900.Elise Juzda - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40 (3):156-167.
    Beginning in 1868, the United States Army Medical Museum issued a request to Army medical personnel situated in ‘Indian country’ for specimens of skulls from Native Americans. The purpose of this collection was to promote the study of craniometry, a branch of racial science commonly used to delineate the different varieties of mankind and to rank them according to their perceived intellectual attributes. Yet, as this paper argues, the efforts of Army surgeons in amassing hundreds of crania for the Army (...)
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  4. Authorship and Responsibility in Health Sciences Research: A Review of Procedures for Fairly Allocating Authorship in Multi-Author Studies.Elise Smith & Bryn Williams-Jones - 2012 - Science and Engineering Ethics 18 (2):199-212.
    While there has been significant discussion in the health sciences and ethics literatures about problems associated with publication practices (e.g., ghost- and gift-authorship, conflicts of interest), there has been relatively little practical guidance developed to help researchers determine how they should fairly allocate credit for multi-authored publications. Fair allocation of credit requires that participating authors be acknowledged for their contribution and responsibilities, but it is not obvious what contributions should warrant authorship, nor who should be responsible for the quality and (...)
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  5.  29
    Misconduct and Misbehavior Related to Authorship Disagreements in Collaborative Science.Elise Smith, Bryn Williams-Jones, Zubin Master, Vincent Larivière, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Adèle Paul-Hus, Min Shi & David B. Resnik - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (4):1967-1993.
    Scientific authorship serves to identify and acknowledge individuals who “contribute significantly” to published research. However, specific authorship norms and practices often differ within and across disciplines, labs, and cultures. As a consequence, authorship disagreements are commonplace in team research. This study aims to better understand the prevalence of authorship disagreements, those factors that may lead to disagreements, as well as the extent and nature of resulting misbehavior. Methods include an international online survey of researchers who had published from 2011 to (...)
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  6.  18
    A Community-Engaged Approach to Address Collateral Findings in Embedded Research.Elise Smith & Emma Tumilty - 2023 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (8):61-63.
    In In their article Morain and Largent suggest looking “beyond the investigator-participant dyad” to understand the ethical obligations in embedded research using Electronic Health Record (EHR) dat...
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  7.  55
    Researchers’ Perceptions of Ethical Authorship Distribution in Collaborative Research Teams.Elise Smith, Bryn Williams-Jones, Zubin Master, Vincent Larivière, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Adèle Paul-Hus, Min Shi, Elena Diller, Katie Caudle & David B. Resnik - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (4):1995-2022.
    Authorship is commonly used as the basis for the measurement of research productivity. It influences career progression and rewards, making it a valued commodity in a competitive scientific environment. To better understand authorship practices amongst collaborative teams, this study surveyed authors on collaborative journal articles published between 2011 and 2015. Of the 8364 respondents, 1408 responded to the final open-ended question, which solicited additional comments or remarks regarding the fair distribution of authorship in research teams. This paper presents the analysis (...)
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  8.  30
    Does Health Promotion Harm the Environment?Cheryl C. Macpherson, Elise Smith & Travis N. Rieder - 2020 - The New Bioethics 26 (2):158-175.
    Health promotion involves social and environmental interventions designed to benefit and protect health. It often harmfully impacts the environment through air and water pollution, medical waste, g...
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  9.  54
    Authorship ethics in global health research partnerships between researchers from low or middle income countries and high income countries.Elise Smith, Matthew Hunt & Zubin Master - 2014 - BMC Medical Ethics 15 (1):42.
    Over the past two decades, the promotion of collaborative partnerships involving researchers from low and middle income countries with those from high income countries has been a major development in global health research. Ideally, these partnerships would lead to more equitable collaboration including the sharing of research responsibilities and rewards. While collaborative partnership initiatives have shown promise and attracted growing interest, there has been little scholarly debate regarding the fair distribution of authorship credit within these partnerships.
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  10.  46
    A Theoretical Foundation for the Ethical Distribution of Authorship in Multidisciplinary Publications.Smith Elise - 2017 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 27 (3):371-411.
    In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick were named as the authors of the publication “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids; a Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid” in the journal Nature. While historians have debated the relevance and importance of various discoveries in molecular science, there is little dispute as to the major significance of the discovery of the double-helix structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid. But what of Rosalind Franklin? There is little mention in science manuals of the contribution of the (...)
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  11.  45
    IMAGE, LANGUAGE: the other dialectic.Laura Katherine Smith, Stijn De Cauwer, Jorge Rodriguez Solorzano, Elise Woodard & Georges Didi-Huberman - 2018 - Angelaki 23 (4):19-24.
    In this text, Georges Didi-Huberman responds, in letter-form, to the critical reflections about his work formulated by Jacques Rancière in “Images Re-read: Georges Didi-Huberman’s Method.” Didi-Huberman disagrees with Rancière’s analysis that images are “passive” and that the words which accompany them are “active.” Instead, he agrees with Merleau-Ponty’s view, which postulates that any analysis of images that seeks to disentangle its elements will render the image unintelligible. In opposition to Rancière’s presentation of his work, Didi-Huberman argues that his method is (...)
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  12.  35
    Accessibility and transparency of editor conflicts of interest policy instruments in medical journals.Elise Smith, Marie-Josée Potvin & Bryn Williams-Jones - 2012 - Journal of Medical Ethics 38 (11):679-684.
    Background There has been significant discussion about the need to manage conflict of interest (COI) in medical journals. This has lead many journals to implement policies to manage COI for authors and reviewers; however, surprisingly little attention has been focused on the COI of journal editors. Objective The goal of this exploratory study was to determine whether the policies were accessible to the public and to researchers, and to discuss the potential impact on public transparency. Design The authors conducted an (...)
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  13.  17
    “Why do we measure mankind?” Marketing anthropometry in late-Victorian Britain.Elise Smith - 2020 - History of Science 58 (2):142-165.
    In the late nineteenth century, British anthropometrists attempted to normalize the practice of measuring bodies as they sought to collate data about the health and racial makeup of their fellow citizens. As the country’s leading anthropometrists, Francis Galton and Charles Roberts worked to overcome suspicion about their motives and tried to establish the value of recording physical dimensions from their subjects’ perspective. For Galton, the father of the eugenics movement, the attainment of objective self-knowledge figured alongside the ranking of one’s (...)
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  14.  90
    IMAGES RE-READ: the method of georges didi-huberman.Laura Katherine Smith, Stijn De Cauwer, Jorge Rodriguez Solorzano, Elise Woodard & Jacques Rancière - 2018 - Angelaki 23 (4):11-18.
    In this text, Jacques Rancière critically discusses the work of Georges Didi-Huberman on images. He disagrees with various claims seemingly made by Didi-Huberman about images, such as that they can “take position” or that they are “active.” Rancière argues that Didi-Huberman adds another form of dialectics to the simpler form of dialectics adopted by Bertolt Brecht and Harun Farocki in their works, namely one that also involves a layering of different temporalities. However, both in Brecht’s War Primer and in Didi-Huberman’s (...)
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  15.  39
    Toward a Postmodernist View of Conflict of Interest: Comment on “Toward a Sociology of Conflict of Interest in Medical Research” by Sarah Winch and Michael Sinnott.Elise Smith - 2012 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 9 (2):223-224.
    Toward a Postmodernist View of Conflict of Interest Content Type Journal Article Category Case Studies Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s11673-012-9359-x Authors Elise Smith, Doctorat en sciences humaines appliquées, option bioéthique, Programmes de bioéthique, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7 Journal Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Online ISSN 1872-4353 Print ISSN 1176-7529.
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  16.  24
    Bioethics: Latin American Perspectives – Edited by Arleen L.F. Salle and Maria J. Bertomeu. [REVIEW]Elise Smith - 2007 - Developing World Bioethics 7 (2):112-113.
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  17.  24
    Conflicts of interest policies for authors, peer reviewers, and editors of bioethics journals.Zubin Master, Kelly Werner, Elise Smith, David B. Resnik & Bryn Williams-Jones - 2018 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 9 (3):194-205.
    Background: In biomedical research, there have been numerous scandals highlighting conflicts of interest (COIs) leading to significant bias in judgment and questionable practices. Academic institutions, journals, and funding agencies have developed and enforced policies to mitigate issues related to COI, especially surrounding financial interests. After a case of editorial COI in a prominent bioethics journal, there is concern that the same level of oversight regarding COIs in the biomedical sciences may not apply to the field of bioethics. In this study, (...)
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  18.  69
    Reproductive tourism in argentina: Clinic accreditation and its implications for consumers, health professionals and policy makers.Elise Smith, Jason Behrmann, Carolina Martin & Bryn Williams-Jones - 2009 - Developing World Bioethics 10 (2):59-69.
    A subcategory of medical tourism, reproductive tourism has been the subject of much public and policy debate in recent years. Specific concerns include: the exploitation of individuals and communities, access to needed health care services, fair allocation of limited resources, and the quality and safety of services provided by private clinics. To date, the focus of attention has been on the thriving medical and reproductive tourism sectors in Asia and Eastern Europe; there has been much less consideration given to more (...)
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  19.  26
    Unjust Outcomes and Unfair Process?D. Robert MacDougall, Elise M. Smith & David B. Resnik - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (4):10-12.
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  20.  33
    Conflict of Interest Policies at Canadian Universities and Medical Schools: Some Lessons from the AMSA PharmFree Scorecard.Ghislaine Mathieu, Elise Smith, Marie-Josée Potvin & Bryn Williams-Jones - 2012 - BioéthiqueOnline 1:13.
    Launched in 2007, the American Medical Students Association PharmFree Scorecard is an annual ranking of conflict of interest policies at American medical centres; it focuses on COIs that may occur when medical education seems likely to be influenced by university-industry relationships, especially those with the pharmaceutical and medical device industries. The PharmFree Scorecard has proven influential in stimulating changes in policy regarding the management of COI at American medical institutions, thus it provides a useful jumping off point for reflection on (...)
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  21.  15
    Review of Paul Kalanithi, When Breath Becomes Air1. [REVIEW]Elise Smith - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (10):6-7.
    In the past few months, many in the public press (Maslin 2016; Martin 2016) and scholarly literature (Rosenbaum 2016) have praised the book When Breath Becomes Air by Paul Kalanithi. It is the memo...
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  22.  21
    Fair Subject Selection Procedures Must Consider Scientific Uncertainty and Variability in Risk and Benefit Perception.Charles Dupras & Elise Smith - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (2):33-35.
    Volume 20, Issue 2, February 2020, Page 33-35.
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  23.  10
    “Technical” Contributors and Authorship Distribution in Health Science.Elise Smith - 2023 - Science and Engineering Ethics 29 (4):1-19.
    In health sciences, technical contributions may be undervalued and excluded in the author byline. In this paper, I demonstrate how authorship is a historical construct which perpetuates systemic injustices including technical undervaluation. I make use of Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual work to demonstrate how the power dynamics at play in academia make it very challenging to change the habitual state or “habitus”. To counter this, I argue that we must reconceive technical contributions to not be a priori less important based on (...)
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  24.  29
    Bioethics: Latin american perspectives – edited by Arleen L.f. Salle and Maria J. Bertomeu.Elise Smith - 2007 - Developing World Bioethics 7 (2):112–113.
  25.  26
    What About Author Order and Acknowledgments? Suggestions for Additional Criteria for Conceptual Research in Bioethics.Elise Smith & Renaud Boulanger - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics 11 (10):24 - 26.
    The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 10, Page 24-26, October 2011.
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  26.  13
    Should authorship on scientific publications be treated as a right?David B. Resnik & Elise Smith - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (11):776-778.
    Sometimes researchers explicitly or implicitly conceive of authorship in terms of moral or ethical rights to authorship when they are dealing with authorship issues. Because treating authorship as a right can encourage unethical behaviours, such as honorary and ghost authorship, buying and selling authorship, and unfair treatment of researchers, we recommend that researchers not conceive of authorship in this way but view it as a description about contributions to research. However, we acknowledge that the arguments we have given for this (...)
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  27.  69
    Ethical Dilemmas in Protecting Susceptible Subpopulations From Environmental Health Risks: Liberty, Utility, Fairness, and Accountability for Reasonableness.David B. Resnik, D. Robert MacDougall & Elise M. Smith - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (3):29-41.
    Various U.S. laws, such as the Clean Air Act and the Food Quality Protection Act, require additional protections for susceptible subpopulations who face greater environmental health risks. The main ethical rationale for providing these protections is to ensure that environmental health risks are distributed fairly. In this article, we (1) consider how several influential theories of justice deal with issues related to the distribution of environmental health risks; (2) show that these theories often fail to provide specific guidance concerning policy (...)
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  28. BioéthiqueOnline: Moving to Peer-Review / BioéthiqueOnline : Passage à l’évaluation par les pairs.Zubin Master, Carolina Martin, Jason Behrmann, Charles Marsan, Lise Levesque, Maude Laliberté, Charles Dupras, Elise Smith, Renaud Boulanger, Jean-Christophe Belisle Pipon, Bryn Williams-Jones, Christopher McDougall, Ali Okhowat & Sonia Paradis - 2012 - BioéthiqueOnline 1 (Ed2).
  29. Barriers to Research on Research Ethics Review and Conflicts of Interest.Bryn Williams-Jones, Marie-Josée Potvin, Ghislaine Mathieu & Elise Smith - 2013 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 35 (5):14-20.
    Research on research ethics—regarding both the governance and practice of the ethical review of human subjects research—has a tumultuous history in North America and Europe. Much of the academic literature focuses on issues to do with regulating the conduct and quality of ethics review of research protocols by ethics committees (research ethics boards (REBs) in Canada and institutional review boards (IRBs) in the United States). In addition, some of the literature attends to issues particular to the review of qualitative research, (...)
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  30.  14
    Du Monde qui ne va pas Sans Dire.Élise Marrou - forthcoming - Journal of Ancient Philosophy:268-282.
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  31.  26
    Entre dogme et doute, quelques certitudes : Malcolm et Wittgenstein, lecteurs critiques de Moore.Élise Marrou - 2005 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 2 (2):265-293.
    Nous nous proposons dans le présent article de revenir sur l'enjeu de Über Gewissheit : doit-on lire cet ensemble de notes comme l'ultime réponse de Wittgenstein à l'idéalisme sceptique ou comme la réélaboration de nos catégories de connaissance (croire, savoir, être certain) ? La réponse à cette question passe tout d'abord par la prise en compte du dialogue avec Moore et en particulier par une réévaluation de sa défense du sens commun et de sa preuve du monde extérieur tout aussi (...)
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  32.  37
    Wealth of nations.Adam Smith - unknown
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  33.  30
    The Child is a Theoretician, Not an Inductivist.Annette Karmiloff-Smith - 1988 - Mind and Language 3 (3):183-196.
  34.  51
    Topics.Robin Aristotle & Smith - 1997 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Robin Smith & Aristotle.
    them. Though Aristotle does not say so, presumably the questioner who conceals in this way must be prepared, when challenged, to show that the conclusion...
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  35.  26
    The Nature of Law and Potential Coercion.Kara Woodbury-Smith - 2020 - Ratio Juris 33 (2):223-240.
    This paper argues for a novel understanding of the relationship between law and coercion. It firstly refutes Kenneth Himma’s claim that the authorisation of coercive enforcement mechanisms is a conceptually necessary feature of law. It then claims that the best way to understand the law is as coercion-apt. The “coercion-aptness” of law is clarified, in part, by appealing to an essential distinction between law and morality: Whereas it can be reasonable for the law to appeal to coercive means in order (...)
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  36. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations (ed. R.H. Campbell, A.S. Skinner, and W. B. Todd).Adam Smith - 1976 (1776) - Oxford University Press.
    D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie (1976) II An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner; textual editor W. B. Todd, 2 vols. (1976) III Essays on Philosophical Subjects, ed. W. P. D. Wightman  ...
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  37.  32
    Internal Reasons.Michael Smith - 1995 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 55 (1):109-131.
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  38.  54
    Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. 31 May - 3 June 2015.Lex Bouter, Melissa S. Anderson, Ana Marusic, Sabine Kleinert, Susan Zimmerman, Paulo S. L. Beirão, Laura Beranzoli, Giuseppe Di Capua, Silvia Peppoloni, Maria Betânia de Freitas Marques, Adriana Sousa, Claudia Rech, Torunn Ellefsen, Adele Flakke Johannessen, Jacob Holen, Raymond Tait, Jillon Van der Wall, John Chibnall, James M. DuBois, Farida Lada, Jigisha Patel, Stephanie Harriman, Leila Posenato Garcia, Adriana Nascimento Sousa, Cláudia Maria Correia Borges Rech, Oliveira Patrocínio, Raphaela Dias Fernandes, Laressa Lima Amâncio, Anja Gillis, David Gallacher, David Malwitz, Tom Lavrijssen, Mariusz Lubomirski, Malini Dasgupta, Katie Speanburg, Elizabeth C. Moylan, Maria K. Kowalczuk, Nikolas Offenhauser, Markus Feufel, Niklas Keller, Volker Bähr, Diego Oliveira Guedes, Douglas Leonardo Gomes Filho, Vincent Larivière, Rodrigo Costas, Daniele Fanelli, Mark William Neff, Aline Carolina de Oliveira Machado Prata, Limbanazo Matandika, Sonia Maria Ramos de Vasconcelos & Karina de A. Rocha - 2016 - Research Integrity and Peer Review 1 (Suppl 1).
    Table of contentsI1 Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research IntegrityConcurrent Sessions:1. Countries' systems and policies to foster research integrityCS01.1 Second time around: Implementing and embedding a review of responsible conduct of research policy and practice in an Australian research-intensive universitySusan Patricia O'BrienCS01.2 Measures to promote research integrity in a university: the case of an Asian universityDanny Chan, Frederick Leung2. Examples of research integrity education programmes in different countriesCS02.1 Development of a state-run “cyber education program of research ethics” in (...)
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  39.  97
    What's Special About the Development of the Human Mind/Brain?Annette Karmiloff-Smith & Andy Clark - 1993 - Mind and Language 8 (4):569-581.
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  40. Misinformation.Peter Godfrey-Smith - 1989 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 19 (4):533-50.
    It is well known that informational theories of representation have trouble accounting for error. Informational semantics is a family of theories attempting a naturalistic, unashamedly reductive explanation of the semantic and intentional properties of thought and language. Most simply, the informational approach explains truth-conditional content in terms of causal, nomic, or simply regular correlation between a representation and a state of affairs. The central work is Dretske, and the theory was largely developed at the University of Wisconsin by Fred Dretske, (...)
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  41. Indication and adaptation.Peter Godfrey-Smith - 1992 - Synthese 92 (2):283-312.
    This paper examines the relationship between a family of concepts involving reliable correlation, and a family of concepts involving adaptation and biological function, as these concepts are used in the naturalistic semantic theory of Dretske's "Explaining Behavior." I argue that Dretske's attempt to marry correlation and function to produce representation fails, though aspects of his failure point the way forward to a better theory.
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  42.  36
    Misinformation.Peter Godfrey-Smith - 1989 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 19 (4):533-550.
    It is well known that informational theories of representation have trouble accounting for error. Informational semantics is a family of theories attempting a naturalistic, unashamedly reductive explanation of the semantic and intentional properties of thought and language. Most simply, the informational approach explains truth-conditional content in terms of causal, nomic, or simply regular correlation between a representation and a state of affairs. The central work is Dretske (1981), and the theory was largely developed at the University of Wisconsin by Fred (...)
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  43. How to model lexical priority.Martin Smith - forthcoming - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy.
    A moral requirement R1 is said to be lexically prior to a moral requirement R2 just in case we are morally obliged to uphold R1 at the expense of R2 – no matter how many times R2 must be violated thereby. While lexical priority is a feature of many ethical theories, and arguably a part of common sense morality, attempts to model it within the framework of decision theory have led to a series of problems – a fact which is (...)
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  44.  39
    Linking Culture and Ethics: A Comparison of Accountants’ Ethical Belief Systems in the Individualism/Collectivism and Power Distance Contexts.Aileen Smith & Evelyn C. Hume - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 62 (3):209-220.
    This study uses accounting professionals from an international setting to test the individualism and power distance cultural dimensions developed by Hofstede [Culture's Consequences 1980]. Six countries, which appropriately represented high and low values on the Hofstede dimensions, were chosen for the survey of ethical beliefs. Respondents from the six countries were requested to supply their agreement/disagreement with eight questionable behaviors associated with the work environment. Each of these behaviors contained an individualism and/or power distance cultural component for the responding accountants (...)
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  45. Logic.Robin Smith - 1994 - In Jonathan Barnes (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  46.  10
    Equal justice: fair legal systems in an unfair world.Frederick Wilmot-Smith - 2019 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
    If someone assaults you, should they get a milder penalty if they are rich than if they are poor? We wouldn't dream of passing a law that formalized such an arrangement. But the design of our legal systems in the US, UK, and elsewhere, which permits people with sufficient money to pay for better lawyers, means that wealth often does make a difference to legal outcomes. Justice, then, depends not only on the substance of the laws we pass, but on (...)
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  47. Descartes and the Late Scholastics.A. D. Smith - 2002 - Mind 111 (442):360-363.
  48.  41
    Why Managers Fail to Do the Right Thing: An Empirical Study of Unethical and Illegal Conduct.N. Craig Smith, Sally S. Simpson & Chun-Yao Huang - 2007 - Business Ethics Quarterly 17 (4):633-667.
    We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theory of corporate crime from criminology to develop a model of corporate offending that is tested with a sample of U.S. managers. Despite demands for increased sanctioning of corporate offenders, we find that the threat of legal action does not directly affect the likelihood of misconduct. Managers’ evaluations of the ethics of the act, measured using a multidimensional ethics scale, have a significant effect, as do outcome expectancies (...)
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  49.  10
    Self-Esteem: The Kindly Apocalypse.Richard Smith - 2002 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 36 (1):87-100.
    Self-esteem has become an educational shibboleth. But over-valuing it brings dangers, particularly of dishonesty, manipulation and devaluation of human relationships. Yet there is clearly something here we want to save: a gentler culture with wider possibilities of self-fulfilment. Here I try to distinguish three levels of self-esteem talk. There is the exaltation of self-esteem as the chief aim of education, the therapeutic approach to education and the recognition of self-esteem as one educational value among many. It is the latter, I (...)
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  50.  28
    Normative reasons and full rationality: reply to Swanton.M. Smith - 1996 - Analysis 56 (3):160-168.
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