Results for ' Logical Theories'

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  1.  13
    Classification Theory: Proceedings of the U.S.-Israel Workshop on Model Theory in Mathematical Logic Held in Chicago, Dec. 15-19, 1985.J. T. Baldwin & U. Workshop on Model Theory in Mathematical Logic - 1987 - Springer.
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  2.  67
    Logical Theories of Intention and the Database Perspective.Yoav Shoham - 2009 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 38 (6):633-647.
    While logical theories of information attitudes, such as knowledge, certainty and belief, have flourished in the past two decades, formalization of other facets of rational behavior have lagged behind significantly. One intriguing line of research concerns the concept of intention. I will discuss one approach to tackling the notion within a logical framework, based on a database perspective.
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  3. Introduction to Logical Theory.Peter Frederick Strawson - 1952 - London, England: Routledge.
    First published in 1952, professor’s Strawson’s highly influential _Introduction_ _to Logical Theory_ provides a detailed examination of the relationship between the behaviour of words in common language and the behaviour of symbols in a logical system. He seeks to explain both the exact nature of the discipline known as Formal Logic, and also to reveal something of the intricate logical structure of ordinary unformalised discourse.
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  4.  15
    A Logical Theory for Conditional Weak Ontic Necessity Based on Context Update.Fengkui Ju - 2023 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 32 (5):777-807.
    Weak ontic necessity is the ontic necessity expressed by “should/ought to” in English. An example of it is “I should be dead by now”. A feature of this necessity is that whether it holds at the present world is irrelevant to whether its prejacent holds at the present world. In this paper, by combining premise semantics and update semantics for conditionals, we present a logical theory for conditional weak ontic necessity based on context update. A context is a set (...)
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  5. Fuzzy logic theory and applications: Part I and Part II.Lotfi A. Zadeh - 2018 - New Jersey: World Scientific. Edited by R. A. Aliev.
    part 1. Fuzzy logic theory 1 -- part 2. Applications and advanced topics of fuzzy logic.
     
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  6.  63
    Logical theory and semantic analysis: essays dedicated to Stig Kanger on his fiftieth birthday.Stig Kanger & Sören Stenlund (eds.) - 1974 - Boston: Reidel.
    Lewis, D. Semantic analyses for dyadic deontic logic.--Salomaa, A. Some remarks concerning many-valued propositional logics.--Chellas, B. F. Conditional obligation.--Jeffrey, R.C. Remarks on interpersonal utility theory.--Hintikka, J. On the proper treatment of quantifiers in Montague semantics.--Mayoh, B.H. Extracting information from logical proofs.--Åqvist, L. A new approach to the logical theory of actions and causality.--Pörn, I. Some basic concepts of action.--Bouvère, K. de. Some remarks concerning logical and ontological theories.--Hacking, I. Combined evidence.--Äberg, C. Solution to a problem raised (...)
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  7.  11
    Foundations of the logical theory of scientific knowledge (complex logic).Aleksandr Zinoviev - 1973 - Dordrecht,: Reidel.
    Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science are devoted to symposia, con gresses, colloquia, monographs and collected papers on the philosophical foundations of the sciences. It is now our pleasure to include A. A. Zi nov'ev's treatise on complex logic among these volumes. Zinov'ev is one of the most creative of modern Soviet logicians, and at the same time an innovative worker on the methodological foundations of science. More over, Zinov'ev, although still a developing scholar, has exerted a sub stantial (...)
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  8.  21
    The Speculative Logical Theory of Universality.Ioannis Trisokkas - 2009 - The Owl of Minerva 40 (2):141-172.
    Speculative logical theory, as provided in Hegel’s Science of Logic, consists of three main parts: the logic of being, the logic of essence, and the logic of the concept. The peculiar character of each logic’s starting point determines the most general character of each logic’s development. The present paper aims at making explicit the character of the starting-point of the third logic, the logic of the concept. This starting-point is exemplified by the category of universality. It is shown (a) (...)
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  9.  3
    Introduction to Logical Theory.P. F. Strawson - 1952 - New York,: Routledge.
    First published in 1952, professor Strawsonâes highly influential Introduction to Logical Theory provides a detailed examination of the relationship between the behaviour of words in common language and the behaviour of symbols in a logical system. He seeks to explain both the exact nature of the discipline known as Formal Logic, and also to reveal something of the intricate logical structure of ordinary unformalised discourse.
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  10. Three logical theories.John Corcoran - 1969 - Philosophy of Science 36 (2):153-177.
    This study concerns logical systems considered as theories. By searching for the problems which the traditionally given systems may reasonably be intended to solve, we clarify the rationales for the adequacy criteria commonly applied to logical systems. From this point of view there appear to be three basic types of logical systems: those concerned with logical truth; those concerned with logical truth and with logical consequence; and those concerned with deduction per se as (...)
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  11. Introduction to logical theory.Peter Frederick Strawson - 1952 - New York,: Wiley.
    First published in 1952, professor Strawson's highly influential Introductionto Logical Theoryprovides a detailed examination of the relationship between the behaviour of words in common language and the behaviour of symbols in a logical ...
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  12.  86
    A logical theory of causality.Alexander Bochman - 2021 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
    "The first book that provides a systematic and rigorous logical theory of causality"--.
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  13.  37
    Logical Theory.Harold R. Smart - 1926 - The Monist 36 (4):594-604.
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  14. Sets, Models and Recursion Theory Proceedings of the Summer School in Mathematical Logic and Tenth Logic Colloquium, Leicester, August-September 1965.John N. Crossley & Logic Colloquium - 1967 - North-Holland.
     
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  15.  89
    Logical anti-exceptionalism and theoretical equivalence.John Wigglesworth - 2017 - Analysis 77 (4):759-767.
    Anti-exceptionalism about logic takes logical theories to be continuous with scientific theories. Scientific theories are subject to criteria of theoretical equivalence. This article compares two types of theoretical equivalence – one syntactic and one semantic – in the context of logical anti-exceptionalism, and argues that the syntactic approach leads to undesirable consequences. The anti-exceptionalist should therefore take a semantic approach when evaluating whether logical theories, understood as scientific theories, are equivalent. This article (...)
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  16. Logical Akrasia.Frederik J. Andersen - forthcoming - Episteme.
    The aim of this paper is threefold. Firstly, §1 and §2 introduce the novel concept logical akrasia by analogy to epistemic akrasia. If successful, the initial sections will draw attention to an interesting akratic phenomenon which has not received much attention in the literature on akrasia (although it has been discussed by logicians in different terms). Secondly, §3 and §4 present a dilemma related to logical akrasia. From a case involving the consistency of Peano Arithmetic and Gödel’s Second (...)
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  17.  20
    An Introduction to Logical Theory.Aladdin M. Yaqub - 2013 - Peterborough, CA: Broadview Press.
    This book reclaims logic as a branch of philosophy, offering a self-contained and complete introduction to the three traditional systems of classical logic and the philosophical issues that surround those systems. The exposition is lucid, clear, and engaging. Practical methods are favored over the traditional, and creative approaches over the merely mechanical. The author’s guiding principle is to introduce classical logic in an intellectually honest way, and not to shy away from difficulties and controversies where they arise. Relevant philosophical issues, (...)
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  18.  65
    Computational complexity of logical theories of one successor and another unary function.Pascal Michel - 2007 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 46 (2):123-148.
    The first-order logical theory Th $({\mathbb{N}},x + 1,F(x))$ is proved to be complete for the class ATIME-ALT $(2^{O(n)},O(n))$ when $F(x) = 2^{x}$ , and the same result holds for $F(x) = c^{x}, x^{c} (c \in {\mathbb{N}}, c \ge 2)$ , and F(x) = tower of x powers of two. The difficult part is the upper bound, which is obtained by using a bounded Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé game.
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  19.  76
    Formalizing Medieval Logical Theories: Suppositio, Consequentiae and Obligationes.Catarina Dutilh Novaes - 2007 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    This book presents novel formalizations of three of the most important medieval logical theories: supposition, consequence and obligations. In an additional fourth part, an in-depth analysis of the concept of formalization is presented - a crucial concept in the current logical panorama, which as such receives surprisingly little attention.Although formalizations of medieval logical theories have been proposed earlier in the literature, the formalizations presented here are all based on innovative vantage points: supposition theories as (...)
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  20.  90
    Many-dimensional modal logics: theory and applications.Dov M. Gabbay (ed.) - 2003 - Boston: Elsevier North Holland.
    Modal logics, originally conceived in philosophy, have recently found many applications in computer science, artificial intelligence, the foundations of mathematics, linguistics and other disciplines. Celebrated for their good computational behaviour, modal logics are used as effective formalisms for talking about time, space, knowledge, beliefs, actions, obligations, provability, etc. However, the nice computational properties can drastically change if we combine some of these formalisms into a many-dimensional system, say, to reason about knowledge bases developing in time or moving objects. To study (...)
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  21.  38
    A Logical Theory of Objects.Augustin Riska - 1982 - The Monist 65 (4):481-490.
    Many philosophers have attempted to offer a logical theory of objects, employing different techniques. Thus R. Carnap tried to “reconstruct” logically the world by using the modern symbolic logic, while N. Goodman “constructed” the world with the help of the calculus of individuals or the logic of part-whole relations. W.V. Quine helped to steer the attention toward the question of ontological commitment and toward a theory of objects produced by a logical analysis of natural languages. Recently, there have (...)
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  22.  13
    A Logical Theory of Localization.Vaishak Belle & Hector J. Levesque - 2016 - Studia Logica 104 (4):741-772.
    A central problem in applying logical knowledge representation formalisms to traditional robotics is that the treatment of belief change is categorical in the former, while probabilistic in the latter. A typical example is the fundamental capability of localization where a robot uses its noisy sensors to situate itself in a dynamic world. Domain designers are then left with the rather unfortunate task of abstracting probabilistic sensors in terms of categorical ones, or more drastically, completely abandoning the inner workings of (...)
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  23. Logical ignorance and logical learning.Richard Pettigrew - 2021 - Synthese 198 (10):9991-10020.
    According to certain normative theories in epistemology, rationality requires us to be logically omniscient. Yet this prescription clashes with our ordinary judgments of rationality. How should we resolve this tension? In this paper, I focus particularly on the logical omniscience requirement in Bayesian epistemology. Building on a key insight by Hacking :311–325, 1967), I develop a version of Bayesianism that permits logical ignorance. This includes: an account of the synchronic norms that govern a logically ignorant individual at (...)
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  24.  58
    Logical Theory Choice.Graham Priest - 2019 - Australasian Journal of Logic 16 (7):283-297.
    There is at present a certain dispute about counterfactuals taking place. What is at issue is whether counterfactuals with necessarily false antecedents are all true. Some hold that such counterfactuals are vacuously true, appearances notwithstanding. Let us call such people vacuists. Others hold that some counterfactuals with necessarily false antecedents are true; some are false: it just depends on their contents. Let us call such people non-vacuists. As a notable representative of the vacuists, I will take Tim Williamson. On the (...)
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  25. The Logic Theory Machine -- A Complex Information Processing System.Allen Newell & Herbert A. Simon - 1956 - IRE Transactions on Information Theory 2 (3):61--79.
     
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  26.  90
    Identifying logical evidence.Ben Martin - 2020 - Synthese 198 (10):9069-9095.
    Given the plethora of competing logical theories of validity available, it’s understandable that there has been a marked increase in interest in logical epistemology within the literature. If we are to choose between these logical theories, we require a good understanding of the suitable criteria we ought to judge according to. However, so far there’s been a lack of appreciation of how logical practice could support an epistemology of logic. This paper aims to correct (...)
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  27. The Logic Theory Machine. A Complex Information Processing System.Allen Newell & Herbert A. Simon - 1957 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 22 (3):331-332.
  28.  41
    A Logical Theory of Nonmonotonic Inference and Belief Change.Alexander Bochman - 2001 - Springer.
    This is the first book that integrates nonmonotonic reasoning and belief change into a single framework from an artificial intelligence logic point-of-view.
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  29.  16
    Logic: theory and practice.M. K. Rennie - 1973 - Brisbane,: University of Queensland Press. Edited by Roderick A. Girle.
  30.  70
    Logical Abductivism on Abductive Logic.Filippo Mancini - 2024 - Synthese 203 (188):1-23.
    Logical abductivism is the epistemic view about logic according to which logical theories are justified by abduction (or Inference to the Best Explanation), that is on how well they explain the relevant evidence, so that the correct logical theory turns out to be the one that explains it best. Arguably, this view should be equally applied to both deductive and non-deductive logics, abduction included. But while there seems to be nothing wrong in principle in using abduction (...)
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  31.  16
    Logic, Theory of Science and Metaphysics According to Stanislaw Lesniewski.Roberto Poli & Massimo Libardi - 1999 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 57 (1):183-219.
    Due to the current availability of the English translation of almost all of Lesniewski's works it is now possible to give a clear and detailed picture of his ideas. Lesniewski's system of the foundation of mathematics is discussed. In abrief ouüine of his three systems Mereology, Ontology and Protothetics his positions conceming the problems of the forms of expression, proper names, synonymity, analytic and synthetic propositions, existential propositions, the concept of logic, and his views of theory of science and metaphysics (...)
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  32. Studies in Logical Theory.Robert Stalnaker - 1968 - Oxford: Blackwell.
     
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  33. Logical positivism.Alfred Jules Ayer (ed.) - 1966 - Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
    Edited by a leading exponent of the school, this book offers--in the words of the movement's founders--logical positivism's revolutionary theories on meaning and metaphysics, the nature of logic and mathematics, the foundations of knowledge ...
  34.  28
    Logical Culture as a Common Ground for the Lvov-Warsaw School and the Informal Logic Initiative.Ralph H. Johnson & Marcin Koszowy - 2018 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 55 (1):187-229.
    In this paper, we will explore two initiatives that focus on the importance of employing logical theories in educating people how to think and reason properly, one in Poland: The Lvov-Warsaw School; the other in North America: The Informal Logic Initiative. These two movements differ in the logical means and skills that they focus on. However, we believe that they share a common purpose: to educate students in logic and reasoning (logical education conceived as a process) (...)
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  35. Against Reflective Equilibrium for Logical Theorizing.Jack Woods - 2019 - Australasian Journal of Logic 16 (7):319.
    I distinguish two ways of developing anti-exceptionalist approaches to logical revision. The first emphasizes comparing the theoretical virtuousness of developed bodies of logical theories, such as classical and intuitionistic logic. I'll call this whole theory comparison. The second attempts local repairs to problematic bits of our logical theories, such as dropping excluded middle to deal with intuitions about vagueness. I'll call this the piecemeal approach. I then briefly discuss a problem I've developed elsewhere for comparisons (...)
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  36.  89
    Logical form.Gilbert Harman - 1972 - Foundations of Language 9 (1):38-65.
    Theories of adverbial modification can be roughly distinguished into two sorts. One kind of theory takes logical form to follow surface grammatical form. Adverbs are treated as unanalyzable logical operators that turn a predicate or sentence into a different predicate or sentence respectively. And new rules of logic are stated for these operators. -/- A different kind of theory does not suppose that logical form must parallel surface grammatical form. It allows that logical form may (...)
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  37. The Structure of Scientific Theories in Logical Empiricism.Thomas Mormann - 2007 - In Alan Richardson & Thomas Uebel (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Logical Empiricism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  38.  9
    Logicality and the picture theory of language.Tue Trinh - 2024 - Synthese 203 (5):1-25.
    I argue that there is tension in Wittgenstein’s position on trivialities (i.e. tautologies and contradictions) in the Tractatus, as it contains the following claims: (A) sentences are pictures; (B) trivialties are not pictures; (C) trivialities are sentences. A and B follow from the “picture theory” of language which Wittgenstein proposes, while C contradicts it. I discuss a way to resolve this tension in light of Logicality, a hypothesis recently developed in linguistic research. Logicality states that trivialities are excluded by the (...)
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  39.  63
    Logic, Theory of Science and Metaphysics According to Stanislaw Lesniewski.Roberto Poli & Massimo Libardi - 1999 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 57 (1):183-219.
    Due to the current availability of the English translation of almost all of Lesniewski's works it is now possible to give a clear and detailed picture of his ideas. Lesniewski's system of the foundation of mathematics is discussed. In abrief ouüine of his three systems Mereology, Ontology and Protothetics his positions conceming the problems of the forms of expression, proper names, synonymity, analytic and synthetic propositions, existential propositions, the concept of logic, and his views of theory of science and metaphysics (...)
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  40.  19
    Logical theories and abstract argumentation: A survey of existing works.Philippe Besnard, Claudette Cayrol & Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex - 2020 - Argument and Computation 11 (1-2):41-102.
  41.  7
    A Logical Theory for Conditional Weak Ontic Necessity in Branching Time.Fengkui Ju - forthcoming - Studia Logica:1-34.
    Weak ontic necessity is the ontic necessity expressed by “should” or “ought to”. An example of it is “I should be dead by now”. A feature of this necessity is that whether it holds is irrelevant to whether its underlying proposition holds. This necessity essentially involves time. This paper presents a logic for conditional weak ontic necessity in branching time. The logic’s language includes the next instant operator, the last instant operator, and the operator for conditional weak ontic necessity. Formulas (...)
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  42.  9
    Partition-based logical reasoning for first-order and propositional theories.Eyal Amir & Sheila McIlraith - 2005 - Artificial Intelligence 162 (1-2):49-88.
  43. Conspiracy Theories and the Conventional Wisdom Revisited.Charles Pigden - 2022 - In Olli Loukola (ed.), Secrets and Conspiracies. Brill.
    Conspiracy theories should be neither believed nor investigated - that is the conventional wisdom. I argue that it is sometimes permissible both to investigate and to believe. Hence this is a dispute in the ethics of belief. I defend epistemic ‘oughts’ that apply in the first instance to belief-forming strategies that are partly under our control. I argue that the policy of systematically doubting or disbelieving conspiracy theories would be both a political disaster and the epistemic equivalent of (...)
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  44.  44
    Aristotle and Logical Theory.Jonathan Lear - 1980 - Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    Aristotle was the first and one of the greatest logicians. He not only devised the first system of formal logic, but also raised many fundamental problems in the philosophy of logic. In this book, Dr Lear shows how Aristotle's discussion of logical consequence, validity and proof can contribute to contemporary debates in the philosophy of logic. No background knowledge of Aristotle is assumed.
  45.  15
    A Logical Theory of Dependence.Kurt Grelling - 1939 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 4 (4):169-169.
  46. Introduction to Logical Theory.P. F. Strawson - 1954 - Philosophy 29 (108):78-80.
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  47.  33
    Logical theory of the imaginary.G. J. Stokes - 1900 - Mind 9 (35):349-355.
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  48.  29
    Studies in logical theory.John Dewey - 1903 - New York: AMS Press.
    Thought and its subject-matter, by J. Dewey.--Thought and its subject-matter: the antecedents of thought, by J. Dewey.--Thought and its subject-matter: the datum of thinking, by J. Dewey.--Thought and its subject-matter: the content and object of thought, by J. Dewey.-- Bosanquet's theory of judgment, by H. B. Thompson.--Typical stages in the development of judgement, by S. F. McLennan.--The nature of hypothesis, by M. L. Ashley.--Image and idea in logic, by W. C. Gore.--The logic of the pre-Socratic philosophy, by W.A. Heidel.--Valuation as (...)
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  49.  98
    Logical expressivism, logical theory and the critique of inferences.Georg Brun - 2019 - Synthese 196 (11):4493-4509.
    The basic idea of logical expressivism in the Brandomian tradition is that logic makes inferential relations explicit and thereby accessible to critical discussion. But expressivists have not given a convincing explanation of what the point of logical theories is. Peregrin provides a starting point by observing a distinction between making explicit and explication in Carnap’s sense of replacing something unclear and vague by something clear and exact. Whereas logical locutions make inferential relations explicit within a language, (...)
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  50. Logical Constants.K. Warmbrõd - 1999 - Mind 108 (431):503 - 538.
    There is as yet no settled consensus as to what makes a term a logical constant or even as to which terms should be recognized as having this status. This essay sets out and defends a rationale for identifying logical constants. I argue for a two-tiered approach to logical theory. First, a secure, core logical theory recognizes only a minimal set of constants needed for deductively systematizing scientific theories. Second, there are extended logical (...) whose objectives are to systematize various pre-theoretic, modal intuitions. The latter theories may recognize a variety of additional constants as needed in order to formalize a given set of intuitions. (shrink)
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