Results for ' Logical Theories'

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  1.  12
    Classification Theory: Proceedings of the U.S.-Israel Workshop on Model Theory in Mathematical Logic Held in Chicago, Dec. 15-19, 1985.J. T. Baldwin & U. Workshop on Model Theory in Mathematical Logic - 1987 - Springer.
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  2.  15
    A Logical Theory for Conditional Weak Ontic Necessity Based on Context Update.Fengkui Ju - 2023 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 32 (5):777-807.
    Weak ontic necessity is the ontic necessity expressed by “should/ought to” in English. An example of it is “I should be dead by now”. A feature of this necessity is that whether it holds at the present world is irrelevant to whether its prejacent holds at the present world. In this paper, by combining premise semantics and update semantics for conditionals, we present a logical theory for conditional weak ontic necessity based on context update. A context is a set (...)
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  3.  11
    Logical Theories of Intention and the Database Perspective.Yoav Shoham - 2009 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 38 (6):633-647.
    While logical theories of information attitudes, such as knowledge, certainty and belief, have flourished in the past two decades, formalization of other facets of rational behavior have lagged behind significantly. One intriguing line of research concerns the concept of intention. I will discuss one approach to tackling the notion within a logical framework, based on a database perspective.
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  4. Fuzzy logic theory and applications: Part I and Part II.Lotfi A. Zadeh - 2018 - New Jersey: World Scientific. Edited by R. A. Aliev.
    part 1. Fuzzy logic theory 1 -- part 2. Applications and advanced topics of fuzzy logic.
     
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  5.  24
    A logical theory of causality.Alexander Bochman - 2021 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
    "The first book that provides a systematic and rigorous logical theory of causality"--.
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  6.  8
    The Speculative Logical Theory of Universality.Ioannis Trisokkas - 2009 - The Owl of Minerva 40 (2):141-172.
    Speculative logical theory, as provided in Hegel’s Science of Logic, consists of three main parts: the logic of being, the logic of essence, and the logic of the concept. The peculiar character of each logic’s starting point determines the most general character of each logic’s development. The present paper aims at making explicit the character of the starting-point of the third logic, the logic of the concept. This starting-point is exemplified by the category of universality. It is shown (a) (...)
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  7.  19
    Logical Akrasia.Frederik J. Andersen - forthcoming - Episteme.
    The aim of this paper is threefold. Firstly, §1 and §2 introduce the novel concept logical akrasia by analogy to epistemic akrasia. If successful, the initial sections will draw attention to an interesting akratic phenomenon which has not received much attention in the literature on akrasia (although it has been discussed by logicians in different terms). Secondly, §3 and §4 present a dilemma related to logical akrasia. From a case involving the consistency of Peano Arithmetic and Gödel’s Second (...)
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  8.  6
    Aristotle and Logical Theory.Jonathan Lear - 1980 - Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    Aristotle was the first and one of the greatest logicians. He not only devised the first system of formal logic, but also raised many fundamental problems in the philosophy of logic. In this book, Dr Lear shows how Aristotle's discussion of logical consequence, validity and proof can contribute to contemporary debates in the philosophy of logic. No background knowledge of Aristotle is assumed.
  9.  2
    Introduction to Logical Theory.P. F. Strawson - 1952 - New York,: Routledge.
    First published in 1952, professor Strawsonâes highly influential Introduction to Logical Theory provides a detailed examination of the relationship between the behaviour of words in common language and the behaviour of symbols in a logical system. He seeks to explain both the exact nature of the discipline known as Formal Logic, and also to reveal something of the intricate logical structure of ordinary unformalised discourse.
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  10.  7
    A Logical Theory for Conditional Weak Ontic Necessity in Branching Time.Fengkui Ju - forthcoming - Studia Logica:1-34.
    Weak ontic necessity is the ontic necessity expressed by “should” or “ought to”. An example of it is “I should be dead by now”. A feature of this necessity is that whether it holds is irrelevant to whether its underlying proposition holds. This necessity essentially involves time. This paper presents a logic for conditional weak ontic necessity in branching time. The logic’s language includes the next instant operator, the last instant operator, and the operator for conditional weak ontic necessity. Formulas (...)
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  11.  12
    Logical Theory Choice.Graham Priest - 2019 - Australasian Journal of Logic 16 (7):283-297.
    There is at present a certain dispute about counterfactuals taking place. What is at issue is whether counterfactuals with necessarily false antecedents are all true. Some hold that such counterfactuals are vacuously true, appearances notwithstanding. Let us call such people vacuists. Others hold that some counterfactuals with necessarily false antecedents are true; some are false: it just depends on their contents. Let us call such people non-vacuists. As a notable representative of the vacuists, I will take Tim Williamson. On the (...)
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  12.  7
    Logical theories and abstract argumentation: A survey of existing works.Philippe Besnard, Claudette Cayrol & Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex - 2020 - Argument and Computation 11 (1-2):41-102.
  13.  7
    Logic, Theory of Science and Metaphysics According to Stanislaw Lesniewski.Roberto Poli & Massimo Libardi - 1999 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 57 (1):183-219.
    Due to the current availability of the English translation of almost all of Lesniewski's works it is now possible to give a clear and detailed picture of his ideas. Lesniewski's system of the foundation of mathematics is discussed. In abrief ouüine of his three systems Mereology, Ontology and Protothetics his positions conceming the problems of the forms of expression, proper names, synonymity, analytic and synthetic propositions, existential propositions, the concept of logic, and his views of theory of science and metaphysics (...)
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  14. Three logical theories.John Corcoran - 1969 - Philosophy of Science 36 (2):153-177.
    This study concerns logical systems considered as theories. By searching for the problems which the traditionally given systems may reasonably be intended to solve, we clarify the rationales for the adequacy criteria commonly applied to logical systems. From this point of view there appear to be three basic types of logical systems: those concerned with logical truth; those concerned with logical truth and with logical consequence; and those concerned with deduction per se as (...)
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  15.  9
    Logical theory and semantic analysis: essays dedicated to Stig Kanger on his fiftieth birthday.Stig Kanger & Sören Stenlund (eds.) - 1974 - Boston: Reidel.
    Lewis, D. Semantic analyses for dyadic deontic logic.--Salomaa, A. Some remarks concerning many-valued propositional logics.--Chellas, B. F. Conditional obligation.--Jeffrey, R.C. Remarks on interpersonal utility theory.--Hintikka, J. On the proper treatment of quantifiers in Montague semantics.--Mayoh, B.H. Extracting information from logical proofs.--Åqvist, L. A new approach to the logical theory of actions and causality.--Pörn, I. Some basic concepts of action.--Bouvère, K. de. Some remarks concerning logical and ontological theories.--Hacking, I. Combined evidence.--Äberg, C. Solution to a problem raised (...)
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  16. Introduction to Logical Theory.P. F. Strawson - 1954 - Philosophy 29 (108):78-80.
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  17.  15
    Formal Theories of Truth.Jc Beall, Michael Glanzberg & David Ripley - 2018 - Oxford: Oxford University Press. Edited by Michael Glanzberg & David Ripley.
    Three leading philosopher-logicians present a clear and concise overview of formal theories of truth, explaining key logical techniques. Truth is as central topic in philosophy: formal theories study the connections between truth and logic, including the intriguing challenges presented by paradoxes like the Liar.
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  18.  18
    Logical expressivism, logical theory and the critique of inferences.Georg Brun - 2019 - Synthese 196 (11):4493-4509.
    The basic idea of logical expressivism in the Brandomian tradition is that logic makes inferential relations explicit and thereby accessible to critical discussion. But expressivists have not given a convincing explanation of what the point of logical theories is. Peregrin provides a starting point by observing a distinction between making explicit and explication in Carnap’s sense of replacing something unclear and vague by something clear and exact. Whereas logical locutions make inferential relations explicit within a language, (...)
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  19.  18
    Introduction to Logical Theory.Peter Frederick Strawson - 1952 - London, England: Routledge.
    First published in 1952, professor’s Strawson’s highly influential _Introduction_ _to Logical Theory_ provides a detailed examination of the relationship between the behaviour of words in common language and the behaviour of symbols in a logical system. He seeks to explain both the exact nature of the discipline known as Formal Logic, and also to reveal something of the intricate logical structure of ordinary unformalised discourse.
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  20.  7
    John Dewey's later logical theory.James Scott Johnston - 2020 - Albany, New York: SUNY Press.
    A study of the development of Dewey's logic from 1916-1937 leading up to his final 1938 book on the subject. By 1916, Dewey had written two volumes on logical theory. Yet, in light of what he would write in his 1938 Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, much remained to be done. Dewey did not yet have an adequate account of experience suitable to explain how our immediate experiencing becomes the material for logical sequences, series, and causal relations. Nor (...)
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  21.  8
    Logical omniscience as infeasibility.Sergei Artemov & Roman Kuznets - 2014 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 165 (1):6-25.
    Logical theories for representing knowledge are often plagued by the so-called Logical Omniscience Problem. The problem stems from the clash between the desire to model rational agents, which should be capable of simple logical inferences, and the fact that any logical inference, however complex, almost inevitably consists of inference steps that are simple enough. This contradiction points to the fruitlessness of trying to solve the Logical Omniscience Problem qualitatively if the rationality of agents is (...)
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  22.  4
    Partition-based logical reasoning for first-order and propositional theories.Eyal Amir & Sheila McIlraith - 2005 - Artificial Intelligence 162 (1-2):49-88.
  23. Sets, Models and Recursion Theory Proceedings of the Summer School in Mathematical Logic and Tenth Logic Colloquium, Leicester, August-September 1965.John N. Crossley & Logic Colloquium - 1967 - North-Holland.
     
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  24.  2
    Logical relations between theories.V. A. Smirnov - 1986 - Synthese 66 (1):71 - 87.
  25.  96
    On Logical Relativity.Achille C. Varzi - 2002 - Philosophical Issues 12 (1):197-219.
    One logic or many? I say—many. Or rather, I say there is one logic for each way of specifying the class of all possible circumstances, or models, i.e., all ways of interpreting a given language. But because there is no unique way of doing this, I say there is no unique logic except in a relative sense. Indeed, given any two competing logical theories T1 and T2 (in the same language) one could always consider their common core, T, (...)
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  26. Aristotle and Logical Theory.Jonathan Lear - 1982 - Philosophical Quarterly 32 (126):76-86.
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  27. Aristotle and Logical Theory.Jonathan Lear - 1980 - Philosophy 57 (222):557-559.
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  28. Against Reflective Equilibrium for Logical Theorizing.Jack Woods - 2019 - Australasian Journal of Logic 16 (7):319.
    I distinguish two ways of developing anti-exceptionalist approaches to logical revision. The first emphasizes comparing the theoretical virtuousness of developed bodies of logical theories, such as classical and intuitionistic logic. I'll call this whole theory comparison. The second attempts local repairs to problematic bits of our logical theories, such as dropping excluded middle to deal with intuitions about vagueness. I'll call this the piecemeal approach. I then briefly discuss a problem I've developed elsewhere for comparisons (...)
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  29.  5
    Topological Separation Principles And Logical Theories.Chris Mortensen - 2000 - Synthese 125 (1-2):169-178.
    This paper is dedicated to Newton da Costa, who,among his many achievements, was the first toaim at dualising intuitionism in order to produce paraconsistent logics,the C-systems. This paper similarly dualises intuitionism to aparaconsistent logic, but the dual is a different logic, namely closed setlogic. We study the interaction between the properties of topologicalspaces, particularly separation properties, and logical theories on thosespaces. The paper begins with a brief survey of what is known about therelation between topology and modal logic, (...)
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  30.  30
    Formalizing Medieval Logical Theories: Suppositio, Consequentiae and Obligationes.Catarina Dutilh Novaes - 2007 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer.
    This book presents novel formalizations of three of the most important medieval logical theories: supposition, consequence and obligations. In an additional fourth part, an in-depth analysis of the concept of formalization is presented - a crucial concept in the current logical panorama, which as such receives surprisingly little attention.Although formalizations of medieval logical theories have been proposed earlier in the literature, the formalizations presented here are all based on innovative vantage points: supposition theories as (...)
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  31.  12
    Axiomatic Theories of Truth.Volker Halbach - 2010 - Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    At the centre of the traditional discussion of truth is the question of how truth is defined. Recent research, especially with the development of deflationist accounts of truth, has tended to take truth as an undefined primitive notion governed by axioms, while the liar paradox and cognate paradoxes pose problems for certain seemingly natural axioms for truth. In this book, Volker Halbach examines the most important axiomatizations of truth, explores their properties and shows how the logical results impinge on (...)
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  32.  29
    Introduction to logical theory.Peter Frederick Strawson - 1952 - New York,: Wiley.
    First published in 1952, professor Strawson's highly influential Introductionto Logical Theoryprovides a detailed examination of the relationship between the behaviour of words in common language and the behaviour of symbols in a logical ...
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  33.  33
    Double Shine: Hegel's Logical Theory of Concept.Zhili Xiong - 2023 - Hegel Bulletin 44 (3):389-403.
    The current debate surrounding Hegel's logical theory of the concept revolves around Hegel's concept of ‘double shine’. After presenting the relevant positions of the discussants and elucidating their differences, the author tries to advance the current discussion by commenting on these differences. In doing so, the author argues that the essence- and concept-logical background of ‘shine’ and ‘double shine’ respectively is crucial for the understanding of the double shine.
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  34.  4
    A Logical Theory of Objects.Augustin Riska - 1982 - The Monist 65 (4):481-490.
    Many philosophers have attempted to offer a logical theory of objects, employing different techniques. Thus R. Carnap tried to “reconstruct” logically the world by using the modern symbolic logic, while N. Goodman “constructed” the world with the help of the calculus of individuals or the logic of part-whole relations. W.V. Quine helped to steer the attention toward the question of ontological commitment and toward a theory of objects produced by a logical analysis of natural languages. Recently, there have (...)
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  35.  2
    A logical theory of robot problem solving.Olga Štěpánková & Ivan M. Havel - 1976 - Artificial Intelligence 7 (2):129-161.
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  36.  68
    Logical anti‐exceptionalism meets the “logic‐as‐models” approach.Jonas R. Becker Arenhart - 2022 - Theoria 88 (6):1211-1227.
    Logical anti‐exceptionalism is the view that logic is not special, it is continuous with science. This continuity is typically understood in terms of the use of the abductive method in logical theory choice, with logical knowledge resulting from our choice of the theory best accounting for the data. In this paper, we argue for two related claims: (i) that this understanding of the continuity between logic and science faces considerable challenges; and (ii) that such challenges may be (...)
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  37.  4
    A Logical Theory of Nonmonotonic Inference and Belief Change.Alexander Bochman - 2001 - Springer.
    This is the first book that integrates nonmonotonic reasoning and belief change into a single framework from an artificial intelligence logic point-of-view.
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  38.  3
    A Logical Theory of Localization.Vaishak Belle & Hector J. Levesque - 2016 - Studia Logica 104 (4):741-772.
    A central problem in applying logical knowledge representation formalisms to traditional robotics is that the treatment of belief change is categorical in the former, while probabilistic in the latter. A typical example is the fundamental capability of localization where a robot uses its noisy sensors to situate itself in a dynamic world. Domain designers are then left with the rather unfortunate task of abstracting probabilistic sensors in terms of categorical ones, or more drastically, completely abandoning the inner workings of (...)
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  39.  8
    Many-dimensional modal logics: theory and applications.Dov M. Gabbay (ed.) - 2003 - Boston: Elsevier North Holland.
    Modal logics, originally conceived in philosophy, have recently found many applications in computer science, artificial intelligence, the foundations of mathematics, linguistics and other disciplines. Celebrated for their good computational behaviour, modal logics are used as effective formalisms for talking about time, space, knowledge, beliefs, actions, obligations, provability, etc. However, the nice computational properties can drastically change if we combine some of these formalisms into a many-dimensional system, say, to reason about knowledge bases developing in time or moving objects. To study (...)
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  40.  6
    Introduction to Logical Theory.Arthur Smullyan - 1954 - Philosophical Review 63 (1):117.
  41.  1
    Essays on Logical Theory, 1902-1903.John Dewey - 1977 - Carbondale, IL, USA: Southern Illinois University Press.
    Includes the complete text of Dewey's Studies in Logical Theory and The Child and the Curriculum.
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  42.  15
    Computational complexity of logical theories of one successor and another unary function.Pascal Michel - 2007 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 46 (2):123-148.
    The first-order logical theory Th $({\mathbb{N}},x + 1,F(x))$ is proved to be complete for the class ATIME-ALT $(2^{O(n)},O(n))$ when $F(x) = 2^{x}$ , and the same result holds for $F(x) = c^{x}, x^{c} (c \in {\mathbb{N}}, c \ge 2)$ , and F(x) = tower of x powers of two. The difficult part is the upper bound, which is obtained by using a bounded Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé game.
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  43. Logic, Logical Form, and the Disunity of Truth.Will Gamester - 2019 - Analysis 79 (1):34-43.
    Monists say that the nature of truth is invariant, whichever sentence you consider; pluralists say that the nature of truth varies between different sets of sentences. The orthodoxy is that logic and logical form favour monism: there must be a single property that is preserved in any valid inference; and any truth-functional complex must be true in the same way as its components. The orthodoxy, I argue, is mistaken. Logic and logical form impose only structural constraints on a (...)
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  44.  11
    Translating Logical Terms.Stewart Shapiro - 2019 - Topoi 38 (2):291-303.
    The is an old question over whether there is a substantial disagreement between advocates of different logics, as they simply attach different meanings to the crucial logical terminology. The purpose of this article is to revisit this old question in light a pluralism/relativism that regards the various logics as equally legitimate, in their own contexts. We thereby address the vexed notion of translation, as it occurs between mathematical theories. We articulate and defend a thesis that the notion of (...)
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  45. Many-Dimensional Modal Logics: Theory and Applications.D. M. Gabbay, A. Kurucz, F. Wolter & M. Zakharyaschev - 2005 - Studia Logica 81 (1):147-150.
     
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  46.  5
    Un Analisis Logico de las Teorias de la Identidad Psiconeural (A logical analysis of the psychoneural identity theories).María José Frápolli - 2000 - Theoria: Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 15 (2):319-348.
    El propósito de este artículo es mostrar que las llamadas "teorías de la identidad psiconeural" no tienen la estructura lógica de una teoría genuina de la identidad. Un operador de identidad genuino es un operador de segundo orden, o de órdenes superiores, que convierte predicados n-ádicos en predicados n-1-ádicos. Si las teorias de la identidad psiconeural no son, en realidad, teorías de la identidad, entonces la críticas habituales que usan la Ley de Leibniz y otros rasgos que se relacionan con (...)
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  47. Logical Realism and the Riddle of Redundancy.Óscar Antonio Monroy Pérez - 2023 - Mind 131 (524):1083-1107.
    According to an influential view, when it comes to representing reality, some words are better suited for the job than others. This is elitism. There is reason to believe that the set of the best, or elite, words should not be redundant or arbitrary. However, we are often forced to choose between these two theoretical vices, especially in cases involving theories that seem to be mere notational variants. This is the riddle of redundancy: both redundancy and arbitrariness are vicious, (...)
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  48.  4
    Action Theories.Andreas Herzig, Emiliano Lorini & Nicolas Troquard - 2012 - In Sven Ove Hansson & Vincent F. Hendricks (eds.), Introduction to Formal Philosophy. Cham: Springer. pp. 591-607.
    We present the main logical theories of action. We distinguish theories identifying an action with its result from theories studying actions in terms of both their results and the means that result is obtained. The first family includes most prominently the logic of seeing-to-it-that and the logic of bringing-it-about-that. The second includes propositional dynamic logic and its variants. For all these logics we overview their extensions by other modalities such as modal operators of knowledge, belief, and (...)
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  49.  10
    Logic: theory and practice.M. K. Rennie - 1973 - Brisbane,: University of Queensland Press. Edited by Roderick A. Girle.
  50.  6
    John Dewey's Earlier Logical Theory.James Scott Johnston - 2014 - Albany: State University of New York Press.
    _Analysis of Dewey's pre-1916 work on logic and its relationship to his better-known 1938 book on the topic._.
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