Results for 'Theory and Model'

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  1.  69
    On Theories and Models in Fuzzy Predicate Logics.Petr Hájek & Petr Cintula - 2006 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 71 (3):863 - 880.
    In the last few decades many formal systems of fuzzy logics have been developed. Since the main differences between fuzzy and classical logics lie at the propositional level, the fuzzy predicate logics have developed more slowly (compared to the propositional ones). In this text we aim to promote interest in fuzzy predicate logics by contributing to the model theory of fuzzy predicate logics. First, we generalize the completeness theorem, then we use it to get results on conservative extensions (...)
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  2. Theories and models: Really old hat?Giovanni Boniolo - unknown
    In this paper the topic of the relations between scientific theories and scientific models is tackled by considering the former as hypothetical scientific representations and the latter as fictive scientific representations. A classification of the models is also proposed.
     
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  3.  88
    Philosophy and Model Theory.Tim Button & Sean P. Walsh - 2018 - Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Edited by Sean Walsh & Wilfrid Hodges.
    Philosophy and model theory frequently meet one another. Philosophy and Model Theory aims to understand their interactions -/- Model theory is used in every ‘theoretical’ branch of analytic philosophy: in philosophy of mathematics, in philosophy of science, in philosophy of language, in philosophical logic, and in metaphysics. But these wide-ranging appeals to model theory have created a highly fragmented literature. On the one hand, many philosophically significant mathematical results are found only in (...)
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  4.  3
    On theories and models.Alessandro Duranti - 2005 - Discourse Studies 7 (4-5):409-429.
    Starting from the assumption that the ability to see patterns and thus abstract from actual events and properties of specific objects is universal, the article reviews different conceptualizations of and attitudes toward the terms ‘theory’ and ‘model’, identifying two co-existing and opposing tendencies: the love for details and the attraction to generalizations that can cover a wide range of phenomena. Using as a backdrop seven theses here reproduced in the Appendix, the article also examines the implications of taking (...)
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  5. Theories and Models in Metaphysics.Peter Godfrey-Smith - 2006 - The Harvard Review of Philosophy 14 (1):4-19.
    Metaphysics is once again a thriving subdiscipline within philosophy, despite a long tradition of challenges to the very viability of the metaphysical enterprise. The criticisms have not so much been satisfactorily answered, as shouldered aside by the vigorous development of the field. Some focused meta-theoretic discussion has recently arisen within mainstream metaphysics.1 The present paper is written more from an outsider's vantage point. I attempt to give a new meta-theory for some parts of metaphysics. The central claim is that (...)
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  6. Theories and Models in Scientific Processes.W. E. Herfel, W. Krajewski & I. Niiniluoto - 1996 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47 (4):658-662.
  7. Logical consequence, proof theory, and model theory.Stewart Shapiro - 2005 - In Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 651--670.
    This chapter provides broad coverage of the notion of logical consequence, exploring its modal, semantic, and epistemic aspects. It develops the contrast between proof-theoretic notion of consequence, in terms of deduction, and a model-theoretic approach, in terms of truth-conditions. The main purpose is to relate the formal, technical work in logic to the philosophical concepts that underlie reasoning.
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  8.  32
    Complexity theory and models for social networks.John Skvoretz - 2002 - Complexity 8 (1):47-55.
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  9. Theories and Models.Axel Leijonhufvud - forthcoming - Journal of Economic Methodology.
  10.  18
    Theories and Models in Scientific Processes: Proceedings of AFOS '94 Workshop, August 15-26, Mądralin and IUHPS '94 Conference, August 27-29, Warszawa.William E. Herfel, Wladlyslaw Krajewski, Ilkka Niiniluoto & Ryszard Wójcicki - 1995 - Rodopi.
    Contents: PART 1. MODELS IN SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES. Joseph AGASSI: Why there is no theory of models. Ma??l??gorzata CZARNOCKA: Models and symbolic nature of knowledge. Adam GROBLER: The representational and the non-representational in models of scientific theories. Stephan HARTMANN: Models as a tool for the theory construction; some strategies of preliminary physics. William HERFEL: Nonlinear dynamical models as concrete construction. Elzbieta KA??L??USZY??N??SKA: Styles of thinking. Stathis PSILLOS: The cognitive interplay between theories and models: the case of 19th century optics. (...)
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  11.  9
    Theories and Models of Technological Change: Semantics and Substance.Alex Roland - 1992 - Science, Technology and Human Values 17 (1):79-100.
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  12. On the people's terms: a republican theory and model of democracy.Philip Pettit - 2012 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    According to republican theory, we are free persons to the extent that we are protected and secured in the same fundamental choices, on the same public basis, as one another. But there is no public protection or security without a coercive state. Does this mean that any freedom we enjoy is a superficial good that presupposes a deeper, political form of subjection? Philip Pettit addresses this crucial question in On the People's Terms. He argues that state coercion will not (...)
  13.  99
    Models, Theories, and Structures: Thirty Years on.Steven French - 2000 - Philosophy of Science 67 (S1):S116 - S127.
    Thirty years after the conference that gave rise to The Structure of Scientific Theories, there is renewed interest in the nature of theories and models. However, certain crucial issues from thirty years ago are reprised in current discussions; specifically: whether the diversity of models in the science can be captured by some unitary account; and whether the temporal dimension of scientific practice can be represented by such an account. After reviewing recent developments we suggest that these issues can be accommodated (...)
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  14.  47
    On the Implications and Extensions of Luk’s Theory and Model of Scientific Study.Robert Luk - 2018 - Foundations of Science 23 (1):103-118.
    Recently, Luk tried to establish a model and a theory of scientific studies. He focused on articulating the theory and the model, but he did not emphasize relating them to some issues in philosophy of science. In addition, they might explain some of the issues in philosophy of science, but such explanation is not articulated in his papers. This paper explores the implications and extensions of Luk’s work in philosophy of science or science in general.
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  15. Model selection and the multiplicity of patterns in empirical data.James W. McAllister - 2007 - Philosophy of Science 74 (5):884-894.
    Several quantitative techniques for choosing among data models are available. Among these are techniques based on algorithmic information theory, minimum description length theory, and the Akaike information criterion. All these techniques are designed to identify a single model of a data set as being the closest to the truth. I argue, using examples, that many data sets in science show multiple patterns, providing evidence for multiple phenomena. For any such data set, there is more than one data (...)
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  16.  25
    Synthetic domain theory and models of linear Abadi & Plotkin logic.Rasmus Ejlers Møgelberg, Lars Birkedal & Giuseppe Rosolini - 2008 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 155 (2):115-133.
    Plotkin suggested using a polymorphic dual intuitionistic/linear type theory as a metalanguage for parametric polymorphism and recursion. In recent work the first two authors and R.L. Petersen have defined a notion of parametric LAPL-structure, which are models of image, in which one can reason using parametricity and, for example, solve a large class of domain equations, as suggested by Plotkin.In this paper, we show how an interpretation of a strict version of Bierman, Pitts and Russo’s language image into synthetic (...)
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  17.  49
    Relations Between Theory and Model in Psychology and Economics.Till Grüne-Yanoff - 2013 - Perspectives on Science 21 (2):196-201.
    For Jari-Erik Nurmi, the practice of model-making in psychology is a complex process operating on different levels simultaneously. At first sight, his account seems to reflect Suppes' (1962) notion of a hierarchy of models: from low-level data models to high-level theoretical models, where at each level the model represents "structure" at a different degree of abstraction, and the levels are connected through structural isomorphism.1In this commentary, I want to complement and perhaps somewhat redirect Nurmi's analysis of his own (...)
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  18.  5
    Theories and Models in Scientific Processes: Proceedings of AFOS '94 Workshop, August 15-26, Mądralin and IUHPS '94 Conference, August 27-29, Warszawa.William E. Herfel, Afos Workshop & Iuhps Conference - 1995 - Rodopi.
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  19. Rationality and Self-Interest in Pettit’s Model of Virtual Reality.Pedro McDade - 2013 - Dissertation, London School of Economics and Political Science
    Economists usually assume that rational actions are the ones motivated by a self-interested agent. However in our daily life we often see people doing altruistic actions which we praise and which we do not call irrational. How can we account for this paradox? This question and the tension underlying it, is at the heart of Philip Pettit’s classic essay, “The Virtual Reality of Homo Economicus” (1995). This dissertation constitutes a detailed analysis and evaluation of the claims that Pettit makes there, (...)
     
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  20. Explanatory Pluralism and The Heuristic Identity Theory.Robert N. McCauley & William Bechtel - 2001 - Theory & Psychology 11 (6):736–760.
    Explanatory pluralism holds that the sorts of comprehensive theoretical and ontological economies, which microreductionists and New Wave reductionists envision and which antireductionists fear, offer misleading views of both scientific practice and scientific progress. Both advocates and foes of employing reductionist strategies at the interface of psychology and neuroscience have overplayed the alleged economies that interlevel connections (including identities) justify while overlooking their fundamental role in promoting scientific research. A brief review of research on visual processing provides support for the explanatory (...)
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  21.  14
    Why do users accept the information technology? Description and use of theories and models of their acceptance.María García De Blanes Sebastián, Arta Artonovica & José Ramón Sarmiento Guede - 2022 - Human Review. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades 11 (7):1-15.
    The objective of this research is to understand, predict and explain what factors influence organizations and induce individuals to accept technology. Through the methodology of content analysis and based on the Web of Science database and through the MAXQDA software, this document analyzes and reviews the ten most important theories and models of technology acceptance used in recent years. This review offers a holistic view that will help future researchers to select the most appropriate theories to apply to their field (...)
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  22. What’s Right with a Syntactic Approach to Theories and Models?Sebastian Lutz - 2010 - Erkenntnis (S8):1-18.
    Syntactic approaches in the philosophy of science, which are based on formalizations in predicate logic, are often considered in principle inferior to semantic approaches, which are based on formalizations with the help of structures. To compare the two kinds of approach, I identify some ambiguities in common semantic accounts and explicate the concept of a structure in a way that avoids hidden references to a specific vocabulary. From there, I argue that contrary to common opinion (i) unintended models do not (...)
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  23. Model, theory, and evidence in the discovery of the DNA structure.Samuel Schindler - 2008 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 59 (4):619-658.
    In this paper, I discuss the discovery of the DNA structure by Francis Crick and James Watson, which has provoked a large historical literature but has yet not found entry into philosophical debates. I want to redress this imbalance. In contrast to the available historical literature, a strong emphasis will be placed upon analysing the roles played by theory, model, and evidence and the relationship between them. In particular, I am going to discuss not only Crick and Watson's (...)
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  24.  33
    A Functional Model of Social Loafing: When and How Does Social Loafing Enhance Job Performance?Xin Liu, Xiaoming Zheng, Yu Yu, Ying Zhang & John M. Schaubroeck - forthcoming - Journal of Business Ethics:1-15.
    Many previous studies have documented the detrimental effects of social loafing on others (_inter_personal impacts) at the between-person level. However, social loafing may carry underappreciated _intra_personal functional effects at the within-person level. Our research develops a novel theoretical framework to investigate _when_ and _how_ engaging in social loafing enhances one’s job performance. Drawing on the effort-recovery model and moral cleansing theory, we propose that social loafing may improve subsequent job performance by enhancing recovery and guilt. Specifically, we argue (...)
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  25.  46
    Model theory and machine learning.Hunter Chase & James Freitag - 2019 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 25 (3):319-332.
    About 25 years ago, it came to light that a single combinatorial property determines both an important dividing line in model theory and machine learning. The following years saw a fruitful exchange of ideas between PAC-learning and the model theory of NIP structures. In this article, we point out a new and similar connection between model theory and machine learning, this time developing a correspondence between stability and learnability in various settings of online learning. (...)
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  26.  18
    Game Theory and Economic Modelling.David M. Kreps - 1990 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Over the past two decades, academic economics has undergone a mild revolution in methodology. The language, concepts and techniques of noncooperative game theory have become central to the discipline. This book provides the reader with some basic concepts from noncooperative theory, and then goes on to explore the strengths, weaknesses, and future of the theory as a tool of economic modelling and analysis. The central theses are that noncooperative game theory has been a remarkably popular tool (...)
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  27.  69
    Logic in the 1930s: type theory and model theory.Georg Schiemer & Erich H. Reck - 2013 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 19 (4):433-472.
    In historical discussions of twentieth-century logic, it is typically assumed that model theory emerged within the tradition that adopted first-order logic as the standard framework. Work within the type-theoretic tradition, in the style of Principia Mathematica, tends to be downplayed or ignored in this connection. Indeed, the shift from type theory to first-order logic is sometimes seen as involving a radical break that first made possible the rise of modern model theory. While comparing several early (...)
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  28. On Political Theory and Large Language Models.Emma Rodman - forthcoming - Political Theory.
    Political theory as a discipline has long been skeptical of computational methods. In this paper, I argue that it is time for theory to make a perspectival shift on these methods. Specifically, we should consider integrating recently developed generative large language models like GPT-4 as tools to support our creative work as theorists. Ultimately, I suggest that political theorists should embrace this technology as a method of supporting our capacity for creativity—but that we should do so in a (...)
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  29. Laws and models in a theory of idealization.Chuang Liu - 2004 - Synthese 138 (3):363 - 385.
    I first give a brief summary of a critique of the traditional theories of approximation and idealization; and after identifying one of the major roles of idealization as detaching component processes or systems from their joints, a detailed analysis is given of idealized laws – which are discoverable and/or applicable – in such processes and systems (i.e., idealized model systems). Then, I argue that dispositional properties should be regarded as admissible properties for laws and that such an inclusion supplies (...)
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  30.  5
    Models, Theories and Concepts: Advanced Nursing Series.James P. Smith - 1994 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    Specially selected articles from the Journal of Advanced Nursing have been updated where appropriate by the original author. Models, Theories and Concepts brings together international authorities in their specialist fields to consider the gaps occurring between theory and practice, as well as the evaluation of a selection of models and emerging theories.
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  31. Axiomatization and Models of Scientific Theories.Décio Krause, Jonas R. B. Arenhart & Fernando T. F. Moraes - 2011 - Foundations of Science 16 (4):363-382.
    In this paper we discuss two approaches to the axiomatization of scientific theories in the context of the so called semantic approach, according to which (roughly) a theory can be seen as a class of models. The two approaches are associated respectively to Suppes’ and to da Costa and Chuaqui’s works. We argue that theories can be developed both in a way more akin to the usual mathematical practice (Suppes), in an informal set theoretical environment, writing the set theoretical (...)
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  32.  19
    Model Theory and the Philosophy of Mathematical Practice: Formalization Without Foundationalism.John T. Baldwin - 2018 - Cambridge University Press.
    Major shifts in the field of model theory in the twentieth century have seen the development of new tools, methods, and motivations for mathematicians and philosophers. In this book, John T. Baldwin places the revolution in its historical context from the ancient Greeks to the last century, argues for local rather than global foundations for mathematics, and provides philosophical viewpoints on the importance of modern model theory for both understanding and undertaking mathematical practice. The volume also (...)
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  33.  88
    Model theory and validity.Yannis Stephanou - 2000 - Synthese 123 (2):165-193.
    Take a formula of first-order logic which is a logical consequence of some other formulae according to model theory, and in all those formulae replace schematic letters with English expressions. Is the argument resulting from the replacement valid in the sense that the premisses could not have been true without the conclusion also being true? Can we reason from the model-theoretic concept of logical consequence to the modal concept of validity? Yes, if the model theory (...)
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  34. Model Theory and the 'Factuality' of Semantics.Hilary Putnam - 1989 - In Noam Chomsky & Alexander George (eds.), Reflections on Chomsky. Blackwell. pp. 213--232.
  35.  53
    Logic in the 1930s: Type Theory and Model Theory.Georg Schiemer & Erich H. Reck - 2013 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 19 (4):433-472.
    In historical discussions of twentieth-century logic, it is typically assumed that model theory emerged within the tradition that adopted first-order logic as the standard framework. Work within the type-theoretic tradition, in the style ofPrincipia Mathematica, tends to be downplayed or ignored in this connection. Indeed, the shift from type theory to first-order logic is sometimes seen as involving a radical break that first made possible the rise of modern model theory. While comparing several early attempts (...)
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  36.  48
    Models, theories, and Kant.A. V. Bushkovitch - 1974 - Philosophy of Science 41 (1):86-88.
    A large number of definitions of the concept “model” have been given by various authors in recent years. Thirty-seven definitions are listed by A. I. Uyemov in a recent monograph. This list is somewhat one-sided since it contains a disproportionate number of references to the work of Soviet authors. However, most of the important definitions given by Western writers are included. I shall give three definitions, all of great generality, so that various types of models, replicas, maps, theories and, (...)
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  37. Models, theories, and language.Jan Faye - 2007 - In Filosofia, scienza e bioetica nel dibattito contemporaneo. Rome: Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. pp. 823-838.
    The semantic view on theories has been much in vogue over four decades as the successor of the syntactic view. In the present paper, I take issue with this approach by arguing that theories and models must be separated and that a theory should be considered to be a linguistic systems consisting of a vocabulary and a set of rules for the use of that vocabulary.
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  38.  17
    Public Policy in Latin America in a Neoliberal Context: A critical Review of Approaches, Theories and Models.Jennifer Fuenmayor - 2014 - Cinta de Moebio 50:39-52.
    The paper aims to develop a theoretical reflection on existing knowledge in public policy and its implementation in the nineties. This is a documental research design of bibliographical nature. The results reveal that the body of knowledge in public policy has been under the domain of rational choice theory and the assumptions of the neoclassical school. I conclude that, in the context of an alternative model to the neoliberal one, one need a different theoretical tool for alternative public (...)
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  39.  21
    Positive Model Theory and Amalgamations.Mohammed Belkasmi - 2014 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 55 (2):205-230.
    We continue the analysis of foundations of positive model theory as introduced by Ben Yaacov and Poizat. The objects of this analysis are $h$-inductive theories and their models, especially the “positively” existentially closed ones. We analyze topological properties of spaces of types, introduce forms of quantifier elimination, and characterize minimal completions of arbitrary $h$-inductive theories. The main technical tools consist of various forms of amalgamations in special classes of structures.
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  40.  35
    Model Theory and Proof Theory of the Global Reflection Principle.Mateusz Zbigniew Łełyk - 2023 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 88 (2):738-779.
    The current paper studies the formal properties of the Global Reflection Principle, to wit the assertion “All theorems of$\mathrm {Th}$are true,” where$\mathrm {Th}$is a theory in the language of arithmetic and the truth predicate satisfies the usual Tarskian inductive conditions for formulae in the language of arithmetic. We fix the gap in Kotlarski’s proof from [15], showing that the Global Reflection Principle for Peano Arithmetic is provable in the theory of compositional truth with bounded induction only ($\mathrm {CT}_0$). (...)
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  41. Theory-laden model of ethical applications and ethics of euthanasia.Shami Ulla Qurieshi - 2022 - History and Philosophy of Medicine 4 (26):1-5.
    The primary aim of this paper is to critically evaluate the deductive model of ethical applications, which is based on normative ethical theories like deontology and consequentialism, and to show why a number of models have failed to furnish appropriate resolutions to practical moral problems. Here, for the deductive model, I want to call it a “Linear Mechanical Model” because the basic assumption of this model is that if a normative theory is sacrosanct, then the (...)
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  42. Theorems and Models in Political Theory: An Application to Pettit on Popular Control.Sean Ingham - 2015 - The Good Society 24 (1):98-117.
    Pettit (2012) presents a model of popular control over government, according to which it consists in the government being subject to those policy-making norms that everyone accepts. In this paper, I provide a formal statement of this interpretation of popular control, which illuminates its relationship to other interpretations of the idea with which it is easily conflated, and which gives rise to a theorem, similar to the famous Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem. The theorem states that if government policy is subject to (...)
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  43.  24
    A theory and a computational model of spatial reasoning with preferred mental models.Marco Ragni & Markus Knauff - 2013 - Psychological Review 120 (3):561-588.
  44.  11
    On duality and model theory for polyadic spaces.Sam van Gool & Jérémie Marquès - 2024 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 175 (2):103388.
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  45.  33
    Critical realism, meta-Reality and making art: traversing a theory-practice gap.Melanie McDonald - 2008 - Journal of Critical Realism 7 (1):29-56.
    In this paper, key concepts from the philosophy of critical realism and meta-Reality are used to develop an art education research project that can enhance the freedom of art students in their art work and, potentially, contribute to the promotion of emancipation beyond the world of art work. In the process of developing this project, the author engages in a two-way interrogation of both concepts and empirical research. The stratified model of reality, the ontological status of absence and the (...)
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  46.  22
    Action Theory and Social Science: Some Format Models.Terence Horgan - 1977 - Synthese 43 (3):421-431.
  47.  7
    Operators and Nucleus: A Contribution to the Theory of Grammar.Pieter A. M. Seuren - 1969 - Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    Dr Seuren's study deals with the problem of presenting an adequate model of grammatical description. The model he proposes conforms in its main outlines to the transformational generative grammar established by Chomsky, but differs in important respects. These mainly affect that part of Chomsky's syntactic component known as the 'base', which generates basic or 'deep' structures. In the model of the base proposed here two main constituents are distinguished for every deep structure representation of a sentence, vis-a-vis (...)
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  48. Predicting Big Data Adoption in Companies With an Explanatory and Predictive Model.Ángel F. Villarejo-Ramos, Juan-Pedro Cabrera-Sánchez, Juan Lara-Rubio & Francisco Liébana-Cabanillas - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that affect the intention to use Big Data Applications in companies. Research into Big Data usage intention and adoption is scarce and much less from the perspective of the use of these techniques in companies. That is why this research focuses on analyzing the adoption of Big Data Applications by companies. Further to a review of the literature, it is proposed to use a UTAUT model as a starting (...) with the update and incorporation of other variables such as resistance to use and perceived risk, and then to perform a neural network to predict this adoption. With respect to this non-parametric technique, we found that the multilayer perceptron model for the use of Big Data Applications in companies obtains higher AUC values, and a better confusion matrix. This paper is a pioneering study using this hybrid methodology on the intention to use Big Data Applications. The result of this research has important implications for the theory and practice of adopting Big Data Applications. (shrink)
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  49.  28
    Critical notice of On the people's terms: a Republican theory and model of democracy, by Philip Pettit, Cambridge University Press, 2012, xii+333pp. [REVIEW]David Dyzenhaus - 2013 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 43 (4):494-513.
    This paper is a critical notice of Philip Pettit's On the People's Terms: A Republican Theory and Model of Democracy. Pettit argues that only Republicanism can respond appropriately to the ‘evil of subjection to another's will – particularly in important areas of personal choice’ because its ideal of liberty – freedom as non-domination – both captures better than liberalism our commitment to individual liberty and explains better our commitment to the legitimacy of democratic decision-making than standard democrat accounts. (...)
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  50.  23
    Proofs and Models in Naive Property Theory: A Response to Hartry Field's ‘Properties, Propositions and Conditionals’.Greg Restall, Rohan French & Shawn Standefer - 2020 - Australasian Philosophical Review 4 (2):162-177.
    ABSTRACT In our response Field's ‘Properties, Propositions and Conditionals’, we explore the methodology of Field's program. We begin by contrasting it with a proof-theoretic approach and then commenting on some of the particular choices made in the development of Field's theory. Then, we look at issues of property identity in connection with different notions of equivalence. We close with some comments relating our discussion to Field's response to Restall’s [2010] ‘What Are We to Accept, and What Are We to (...)
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