Results for 'approval ratings'

994 found
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  1.  46
    Approval and Withdrawal of New Antibiotics and Other Antiinfectives in the U.S., 1980–2009.Kevin Outterson, John H. Powers, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio & Aaron S. Kesselheim - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):688-696.
    Numerous reports have noted decreasing numbers of antibiotic approvals. To determine the context for this decline, we examined all new molecule entities (NMEs) and new biologic licenses (NBLs) approved by the FDA from 1980–2009, and compared approval rates of the 61 approved antibiotics to trends in other drug classes. We also tracked withdrawals of approved drugs and found more withdrawals for antibiotics than other drug classes. After adjusting for drugs subsequently withdrawn, the record for antibiotic innovation is less dire (...)
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  2.  19
    Reporting of ethical approval and informed consent in clinical research published in leading nursing journals: a retrospective observational study.Yanni Wu, Michelle Howarth, Chunlan Zhou, Mingyu Hu & Weilian Cong - 2019 - BMC Medical Ethics 20 (1):1-10.
    Background Ethical considerations play a prominent role in the protection of human subjects in clinical research. To date the disclosure of ethical protection in clinical research published in the international nursing journals has not been explored. Our research objective was to investigate the reporting of ethical approval and informed consent in clinical research published in leading international nursing journals. Methods This is a retrospective observational study. All clinical research published in the five leading international nursing journals from the SCI (...)
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  3. Making statements and approval voting.Enriqueta Aragones, Itzhak Gilboa & Andrew Weiss - 2011 - Theory and Decision 71 (4):461-472.
    We assume that people have a need to make statements, and construct a model in which this need is the sole determinant of voting behavior. In this model, an individual selects a ballot that makes as close a statement as possible to her ideal point, where abstaining from voting is a possible (null) statement. We show that in such a model, a political system that adopts approval voting may be expected to enjoy a significantly higher rate of participation in (...)
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  4.  15
    Anti‐democratic demos: The dubious basis of congressional approval[REVIEW]Rogan Kersh - 1998 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 12 (4):569-584.
    In representing a fragmented pluralist polity, the U.S. Congress inevitably exhibits high levels of conflict and disagreement. Increasingly, the American public finds such conflict—the ordinary procedures of legislative democracy—distasteful. As members of Congress pay closer attention to approval ratings and other poll measures, their natural inclination may be to avoid legislating, especially on controversial issues. This response to the preference of the demos has profoundly antidemocratic implications.
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  5.  55
    Clinical research projects at a German medical faculty: follow-up from ethical approval to publication and citation by others.A. Blumle, G. Antes, M. Schumacher, H. Just & E. von Elm - 2008 - Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (9):e20-e20.
    Background: Only data of published study results are available to the scientific community for further use such as informing future research and synthesis of available evidence. If study results are reported selectively, reporting bias and distortion of summarised estimates of effect or harm of treatments can occur. The publication and citation of results of clinical research conducted in Germany was studied.Methods: The protocols of clinical research projects submitted to the research ethics committee of the University of Freiburg in 2000 were (...)
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  6.  8
    Entre o ranking e o rating: A avaliação digital docente na era da sociedade métrica.Antônio Alvaro Soares Zuin & Lucídio Bianchetti - 2023 - Educação E Filosofia 37 (79):529-554.
    Resumo: Os processos avaliativos, na universidade, são perpassados por um ethos que prima pela quantificação e pelo ranqueamento. Em decorrência, observa-se cada vez mais a descaracterização da avaliação na sua acepção qualitativa e, consequentemente, formativa. A afirmação desse ethos, na universidade, bem como na sociedade, é facilitada pelos algoritmos de big data, os quais estão na base da constituição da chamada “sociedade métrica”, em que há uma tendência geral para utilizar formas quantitativas para realizar classificações sociais. Neste texto, com respaldo (...)
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  7.  26
    Using Patent Data to Assess the Value of Pharmaceutical Innovation.Aaron S. Kesselheim & Jerry Avorn - 2009 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37 (2):176-183.
    Only 19 new molecular entities and 3 biologics were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2007, the lowest rate in 24 years. This disappointing output occurred despite steady clinical trial and regulatory review times, the FDA maintaining high approval rates, and the pharmaceutical industry consistently reporting increasing revenues. A government report suggests that fewer new drug applications have been submitted to the FDA by the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. These data have rekindled the debate as to (...)
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  8.  17
    University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI): Transcultural Validity Evidence Across Four Continents.Hugo Assunção, Su-Wei Lin, Pou-Seong Sit, Kwok-Cheung Cheung, Heidi Harju-Luukkainen, Thomas Smith, Benvindo Maloa, Juliana Álvares Duarte Bonini Campos, Ivana Stepanovic Ilic, Giovanna Esposito, Freda Maria Francesca & João Marôco - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:489785.
    Academic engagement describes students’ involvement in academic learning and achievement. This paper reports the psychometric properties of the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) with a sample of 3992 university students from nine different countries and regions from Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Asia. The USEI operationalizes a trifactorial conceptualization of academic engagement (behavioral, emotional and cognitive). Construct validity was assessed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients. Weak measurement (...)
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  9.  19
    Legislative Records: The Japanese National Diet in 2002.Takashi Inoguchi & Hdeaki Uenohara - 2002 - Japanese Journal of Political Science 3 (2):271-273.
    The Koizumi Administration got off on the right foot with a high approval rate over 85 % in April 2001, and swept Upper House Election held three months later (Inoguchi, 2002). However, it lost the support of legislators, media, and constituents because of his failure to get the reform process off the ground. Most salient of the legislative records is that the batting average of the cabinet sponsored bills has experienced a dramatic fall in the 153rd (27 September to (...)
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  10. Attitudes on voluntary and mandatory vaccination against COVID-19: Evidence from Germany.Christoph Schmidt-Petri, Carsten Schröder & Daniel Graeber - 2021 - PLoS ONE 16 (5):1-18.
    Several vaccines against COVID-19 have now been developed and are already being rolled out around the world. The decision whether or not to get vaccinated has so far been left to the individual citizens. However, there are good reasons, both in theory as well as in practice, to believe that the willingness to get vaccinated might not be sufficiently high to achieve herd immunity. A policy of mandatory vaccination could ensure high levels of vaccination coverage, but its legitimacy is doubtful. (...)
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  11.  12
    Profile of hospital transplant ethics committees in the Philippines.Mary Ann Abacan - 2021 - Developing World Bioethics 21 (3):139-146.
    In the Philippines, all transplant centers are mandated by the Department of Health (DOH) to have a Hospital Transplant Ethics Committee (HTEC) to ensure that donations are altruistic, voluntary and free of coercion/commercial transactions. This study was undertaken primarily to describe the organizational and functional profile of existing HTECs and identify areas for improvement. This is a descriptive cross‐sectional study. There was variation in their logistical arrangements (support from hospital, filing systems, office spaces), operations (length and frequency of meetings, number (...)
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  12.  41
    Why Do Voters Change Their Evaluations of a President? A Taiwanese Case.Yen-Chen Tang & Alex Chuan-Hsien Chang - 2016 - Japanese Journal of Political Science 17 (2):301-321.
    In this paper, we analyze how citizens evaluate their president, especially focusing on why voters lower their evaluations at an individual-level perspective. We assert that citizens raise their evaluations of a new president when their expectations are met and lower their opinions when his or her performance disappoints them. Furthermore, the evaluations of the president are not only affected by a government's economic and diplomatic performance, but are also influenced by individual awareness of salient political issues, the contents of the (...)
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  13.  27
    Expressive voting, graded interests and participation.Dominik Klein - 2021 - Public Choice 188 (1):221-239.
    I assume that voters mark ballots exclusively to express their true preferences among parties, leaving aside any considerations about an election’s possible outcome. The paper then analyzes the resulting voting behavior. In particular, it studies how effective different voting systems such as plurality rule, approval voting, and range voting are in fostering high turnout rates of such expressive voters.
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  14. Trends of Palestinian Higher Educational Institutions in Gaza Strip as Learning Organizations.Samy S. Abu Naser, Mazen J. Al Shobaki, Youssef M. Abu Amuna & Amal A. Al Hila - 2017 - International Journal of Digital Publication Technology 1 (1):1-42.
    The research aims to identify the trends of Palestinian higher educational institutions in Gaza Strip as learning organizations from the perspective of senior management in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip. The researchers used descriptive analytical approach and used the questionnaire as a tool for information gathering. The questionnaires were distributed to senior management in the Palestinian universities. The study population reached (344) employees in senior management is dispersed over (3) Palestinian universities. A stratified random sample of (182) employees from (...)
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  15. European and comparative law study regarding family’s legal role in deceased organ procurement.Marina Morla-González, Clara Moya-Guillem, Janet Delgado & Alberto Molina-Pérez - 2021 - Revista General de Derecho Público Comparado 29.
    Several European countries are approving legislative reforms moving to a presumed consent system in order to increase organ donation rates. Nevertheless, irrespective of the consent system in force, family's decisional capacity probably causes a greater impact on such rates. In this contribution we have developed a systematic methodology in order to analyse and compare European organ procurement laws, and we clarify the weight given by each European law to relatives' decisional capacity over individual's preferences (expressed or not while alive) regarding (...)
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  16. The Reality of Using Social Networks in Technical Colleges in Palestine.Samy S. Abu-Naser, Mazen J. Al Shobaki, Youssef M. Abu Amuna & Suliman A. El Talla - 2018 - International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS) 2 (1):142-158.
    The study aimed to identify the reality of the use of social networks in the technical colleges in Palestine, where the variables of social networks were included. The analytical descriptive method was used in the study. A questionnaire consisting of (12) items was randomly distributed to college workers Technology in the Gaza Strip. The sample of the study consisted of (205) employees of these colleges. The response rate was 74.5%. The results showed a high degree of approval for the (...)
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  17. The Role of Administrative Procedures and Regulations in Enhancing the Performance of The Educational Institutions - The Islamic University in Gaza is A Model.Ashraf A. M. Salama, Youssef M. Abu Amuna, Mazen J. Al Shobaki & Samy S. Abu-Naser - 2018 - International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) 2 (2):14-27.
    The study aimed to identify the role of administrative procedures and systems in enhancing the performance of the educational institutions in the Islamic University in Gaza. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers used the analytical descriptive approach to collect information. The researchers used the questionnaire distributed to three categories of employees at the Islamic University (senior management, faculty members, their assistants and members of the administrative board). A random sample of 314 employees was selected and 276 questionnaires were retrieved (...)
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  18. COVID-19 and nurses’ ethical issues: Comparisons between two European countries.Gerli Usberg, Marco Clari, Alessio Conti, Mariliis Põld, Ruth Kalda & Mari Kangasniemi - forthcoming - Nursing Ethics.
    Background The global pandemic raised ethical issues for nurses about caring for all patients, not just those with COVID-19. Italy was the first European country to be seriously affected by the first wave, while Estonia’s infection and death rates were among the lowest in Europe. Did this raise different ethical issues for nurses in these two countries as well? Aim The aim was to describe and compare ethical issues between nurses working during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in (...)
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  19.  20
    Ethical climate and missed nursing care in cancer care units.Stavros Vryonides, Evridiki Papastavrou, Andreas Charalambous, Panayiota Andreou, Christos Eleftheriou & Anastasios Merkouris - 2018 - Nursing Ethics 25 (6):707-723.
    Background:Previous research has linked missed nursing care to nurses’ work environment. Ethical climate is a part of work environment, but the relationship of missed care to different types of ethical climate is unknown.Research objectives:To describe the types of ethical climate in adult in-patient cancer care settings, and their relationship to missed nursing care.Research design:A descriptive correlation design was used. Data were collected using the Ethical Climate Questionnaire and the MISSCARE survey tool, and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and analysis (...)
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  20. Young Kuwaitis' views of the acceptability of physician-assisted suicide.R. A. Ahmed, P. C. Sorum & E. Mullet - 2010 - Journal of Medical Ethics 36 (11):671-676.
    Aim To study the views of people in a largely Muslim country, Kuwait, of the acceptability of a life-ending action such as physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Method 330 Kuwaiti university students judged the acceptability of PAS in 36 scenarios composed of all combinations of four factors: the patient's age (35, 60 or 85 years); the level of incurability of the illness (completely incurable vs extremely difficult to cure); the type of suffering (extreme physical pain or complete dependence) and the extent to (...)
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  21.  13
    Off-Label Prescribing: A Call for Heightened Professional and Government Oversight.Rebecca Dresser & Joel Frader - 2009 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37 (3):476-486.
    Off-label prescribing is an integral part of contemporary medicine. Many patients benefit when they receive drugs or devices under circumstances not specified on the label approved by the Food and Drug Administration. An off-label use may provide the best available intervention for a patient, as well as the standard of care for a particular health problem. In oncology, pediatrics, geriatrics, obstetrics, and other practice areas, patient care could not proceed without off-label prescribing. When scientific and medical evidence justify off-label uses, (...)
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  22.  55
    Training needs assessment in research ethics evaluation among research ethics committee members in three african countries: Cameroon, Mali and tanzania.Jérôme Ateudjieu, John Williams, Marie Hirtle, Cédric Baume, Joyce Ikingura, Alassane Niaré & Dominique Sprumont - 2009 - Developing World Bioethics 10 (2):88-98.
    Background: As actors with the key responsibility for the protection of human research participants, Research Ethics Committees (RECs) need to be competent and well-resourced in order to fulfil their roles. Despite recent programs designed to strengthen RECs in Africa, much more needs to be accomplished before these committees can function optimally.Objective: To assess training needs for biomedical research ethics evaluation among targeted countries.Methods: Members of RECs operating in three targeted African countries were surveyed between August and November 2007. Before implementing (...)
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  23.  29
    Academic ethical awareness among undergraduate nursing students.Ok-Hee Cho & Kyung-Hye Hwang - 2019 - Nursing Ethics 26 (3):833-844.
    Background:Academic ethical awareness is an important aspect especially for nursing students who will provide ethical nursing care to patients in future or try to tread the path of learning toward professional acknowledgement in nursing scholarship.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore academic ethical awareness and its related characteristics among undergraduate nursing students.Methods:This study commenced the survey with cross-sectional, descriptive questions and enrolled convenient samples of 581 undergraduate nursing students from three universities in South Korea. It was investigated with structured (...)
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  24.  45
    Informed consent in Sri Lanka: A survey among ethics committee members.Athula Sumathipala, Sisira Siribaddana, Suwin Hewage, Manura Lekamwattage, Manjula Athukorale, Chesmal Siriwardhana, Joanna Murray & Martin Prince - 2008 - BMC Medical Ethics 9 (1):10-.
    BackgroundApproval of the research proposal by an ethical review committee from both sponsoring and host countries is a generally agreed requirement in externally sponsored research.However, capacity for ethics review is not universal. Aim of this study was to identify opinions and views of the members serving in ethical review and ethics committees in Sri Lanka on informed consent, essential components in the information leaflet and the consent form.MethodsWe obtained ethical approval from UK and Sri Lanka. A series of consensus (...)
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  25.  40
    Unmet need for contraception among HIV-positive women in Lesotho and implications for mother-to-child transmission.Timothy Adair - 2009 - Journal of Biosocial Science 41 (2):269-278.
    In Lesotho, the risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV is substantial; women of childbearing age have a high HIV prevalence rate (26·4%), low knowledge of HIV status and a total fertility rate of 3·5 births per woman. An effective means of preventing MTCT is to reduce unwanted fertility. This paper examines the unmet need for contraception to limit and space births among HIV-positive women in Lesotho aged 15–49 years, using the 2004 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey. HIV-positive women have their (...)
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  26.  44
    Incoming ethical issues for deep brain stimulation: when long-term treatment leads to a ‘new form of the disease’.Frederic Gilbert & Mathilde Lancelot - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (1):20-25.
    Deep brain stimulation has been regarded as an efficient and safe treatment for Parkinson’s disease since being approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1997. It is estimated that more than 150 000 patients have been implanted, with a forecasted rapid increase in uptake with population ageing. Recent longitudinal follow-up studies have reported a significant increase in postoperative survival rates of patients with PD implanted with DBS as compared with those not implanted with DBS. Although DBS tends to increase (...)
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  27.  86
    University expansion and the knowledge society.David John Frank & John W. Meyer - 2007 - Theory and Society 36 (4):287-311.
    For centuries, the processes of social differentiation associated with Modernity have often been thought to intensify the need for site-specific forms of role training and knowledge production, threatening the university’s survival either through fragmentation or through failure to adapt. Other lines of argument emphasize the extent to which the Modern system creates and relies on an integrated knowledge system, but most of the literature stresses functional differentiation and putative threats to the university. And yet over this period the university has (...)
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  28.  67
    Influencing relatives to respect donor autonomy: Should we nudge families to consent to organ donation?Adnan Sharif & Greg Moorlock - 2018 - Bioethics 32 (3):155-163.
    Refusing consent to organ donation remains unacceptably high, and improving consent rates from family or next-of-kin is an important step to procuring more organs for solid organ transplantation in countries where this approval is sought. We have thus far failed to translate fully our limited understanding of why families refuse permission into successful strategies targeting consent in the setting of deceased organ donation, primarily because our interventions fail to target underlying cognitive obstacles. Novel interventions to overcome these hurdles, incorporating (...)
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  29.  19
    Changes in attitudes towards hastened death among Finnish physicians over the past sixteen years.Reetta P. Piili, Riina Metsänoja, Heikki Hinkka, Pirkko-Liisa I. Kellokumpu-Lehtinen & Juho T. Lehto - 2018 - BMC Medical Ethics 19 (1):40.
    The ethics of hastened death are complex. Studies on physicians’ opinions about assisted dying exist, but changes in physicians’ attitudes towards hastened death in clinical decision-making and the background factors explaining this remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the changes in these attitudes among Finnish physicians. A questionnaire including hypothetical patient scenarios was sent to 1182 and 1258 Finnish physicians in 1999 and 2015, respectively. Two scenarios of patients with advanced cancer were presented: one requesting an (...)
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  30.  12
    Anything to Stay Alive: The Challenges of a Campaign for an Experimental Drug.Nathan Geffen - 2015 - Developing World Bioethics 16 (1):45-54.
    Drug-resistant tuberculosis has a high mortality rate. Most medicines used to treat it are poorly tested and have terrible side effects. Activists have campaigned for patients with drug-resistant TB to have access to experimental drugs, particularly one called bedaquiline, before these have been approved by regulatory authorities such as the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines Control Council in South Africa. Some activists have also campaigned for bedaquiline to be approved by regulatory authorities before testing (...)
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  31. Principled moral sentiment and the flexibility of moral judgment and decision making.Daniel M. Bartels - 2008 - Cognition 108 (2):381-417.
    Three studies test eight hypotheses about (1) how judgment differs between people who ascribe greater vs. less moral relevance to choices, (2) how moral judgment is subject to task constraints that shift evaluative focus (to moral rules vs. to consequences), and (3) how differences in the propensity to rely on intuitive reactions affect judgment. In Study 1, judgments were affected by rated agreement with moral rules proscribing harm, whether the dilemma under consideration made moral rules versus consequences of choice salient, (...)
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  32.  16
    Ethical issues of prison nursing: A qualitative study in Northern Italy.Loredana Sasso, Barbara Delogu, Roberto Carrozzino, Giuseppe Aleo & Annamaria Bagnasco - 2018 - Nursing Ethics 25 (3):393-409.
    Background:Prisons are contexts where nurses are required to have specific skills to ensure that, in a setting designed for the expiation of crime, prisoners receive the same type of care as anyone else. But this is not always the case, giving rise to ethical issues.Research questions:‘How do correctional nurses describe their working experience in prisons? What issues emerged?’Methodology:This is a qualitative descriptive study. Following purposive sampling, we conducted five focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Participants and research (...)
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  33.  38
    Reporting of ethical requirements in phase III surgical trials.Valérie Bridoux, Lilian Schwarz, Grégoire Moutel, Francis Michot, Christian Herve & Jean-Jacques Tuech - 2014 - Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (10):687-690.
    Background Disclosure of obtaining informed consent from patients (ICP) and research ethics committee (REC) approval in published reports is sometimes omitted. To date, no disclosure data are available on surgical research. Objective Our aim was to assess whether REC approval and ICP were documented in surgical trials. Study design Overall, 657 randomised trials, published between 2005 and 2010 in 10 international journals, were included. We collected the report rate of REC approval and ICP and contacted the corresponding (...)
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  34.  31
    Content analysis of requests for religious exemptions from a mandatory influenza vaccination program for healthcare personnel.Armand H. Antommaria & Cynthia A. Prows - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (6):389-391.
    Objective Having failed to achieve adequate influenza vaccination rates among employees through voluntary programmes, healthcare organisations have adopted mandatory ones. Some programmes permit religious exemptions, but little is known about who requests religious objections or why. Methods Content analysis of applications for religious exemptions from influenza vaccination at a free-standing children’s hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA during the 2014–2015 influenza season. Results Twelve of 15 260 employees submitted applications requesting religious exemptions. Requestors included both clinical and non-clinical employees. All requestors (...)
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  35.  63
    Attitudes of healthcare professionals and the public towards the sale of kidneys for transplantation.A. Guttmann & R. D. Guttmann - 1993 - Journal of Medical Ethics 19 (3):148-153.
    We conducted a survey of attitudes towards the sale of kidneys for transplantation within and without the medical community. Half of those polled received a case of a young man in India whose only chance for survival was to purchase a kidney, the other half a case of a Canadian man who was suffering side-effects from dialysis and had been on the transplant waiting list for three years. We found the percentage of responses allowing the patients to purchase a kidney (...)
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  36.  20
    Tertiary hospital nurses’ ethical sensitivity and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study.Xue Lei Chen, Fei Fei Huang, Jie Zhang, Juan Li, Bi Yun Ye, Yun Xiang Chen, Yuan Hui Zhang, Fang Li, Chun Fang Yu & Jing Ping Zhang - 2022 - Nursing Ethics 29 (1):104-113.
    Background: High ethical sensitivity positively affects the quality of nursing care; nevertheless, Chinese nurses’ ethical sensitivity and the factors influencing it have not been described. Research objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe ethical sensitivity and to explore factors influencing it among Chinese-registered nurses, to help nursing administrators improve nurses’ ethical sensitivity, build harmony between nurses and patients, and promote the patients’ health. Research design: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Participants and research context: We recruited 500 nurses (...)
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  37. Usage Degree of the Capabilities of DSS in Al-Aqsa University of Gaza.Mazen J. Al-Shobaki & Samy S. Abu-Naser - 2017 - International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS) 1 (2):33-47.
    Abstract— This study aimed to identify the degree of use of the capabilities of decision-support systems in Palestinian institutions higher education, Aqsa University in Gaza - a case study. The study used a analytical descriptive approach, and the researchers used the of questionnaire tool to collect the data, the researchers using stratified random sample distributed (150) questioners to the study population and (126) was obtained back with rate of 84%. The study showed that the most important results are: that senior (...)
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  38.  23
    Handling Worker and Third-Party Exposures to Nanotherapeutics during Clinical Trials.Gurumurthy Ramachandran, John Howard, Andrew Maynard & Martin Philbert - 2012 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 40 (4):856-864.
    Nanomedicine is a rapidly growing field in the academic as well as commercial arena. While some had predicted nanomedicine sales to reach $20.1 billion in 2011, the actual growth was much more rapid, with the global nanomedicine market being valued at $53 billion in 2009, and forecast to increase at an annual growth rate of 13.5% to reach more than $100 billion in 2014. In 2006, more than 130 nanotechnology-based drugs and delivery systems had entered preclinical, clinical, or commercial development. (...)
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  39.  15
    Who Should Pay for Climate Adaptation? Public Attitudes and the Financing of Flood Protection in Florida.Samuel Merrill, Jack Kartez, Karen Langbehn, Frank Muller-Karger & Catherine J. Reynolds - 2018 - Environmental Values 27 (5):535-557.
    An investigation of public support for coastal adaptation options and public finance options in Florida evaluated stakeholder judgments and how they changed through a participatory engagement process. The study found that public finance mechanisms that imposed fiscal burdens on those who directly benefit from hazard reduction were rated as more acceptable than others. Significantly, visualisations and data on local economic damage and return on investment of potential adaptation options further increased acceptability ratings. The question of whether a development fee (...)
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  40.  86
    Status of national research bioethics committees in the WHO African region.Joses Kirigia, Charles Wambebe & Amido Baba-Moussa - 2005 - BMC Medical Ethics 6 (1):1-7.
    Background The Regional Committee for Africa of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001 expressed concern that some health-related studies undertaken in the Region were not subjected to any form of ethics review. In 2003, the study reported in this paper was conducted to determine which Member country did not have a national research ethics committee (REC) with a view to guiding the WHO Regional Office in developing practical strategies for supporting those countries. Methods This is a descriptive study. The (...)
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  41. Learning Organizations and Their Role in Achieving Organizational Excellence in the Palestinian Universities.Mazen J. Al Shobaki, Samy S. Abu Naser, Youssef M. Abu Amuna & Amal A. Al Hila - 2017 - International Journal of Digital Publication Technology 1 (2):40-85.
    The research aims to identify the learning organizations and their role in achieving organizational excellence in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip. The researchers used descriptive analytical approach and used the questionnaire as a tool for information gathering. The questionnaires were distributed to senior management in the Palestinian universities. The study population reached (344) employees in senior management is dispersed over (3) Palestinian universities. A stratified random sample of (182) workers from the Palestinian universities was selected and the recovery rate (...)
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  42.  75
    Addressing Ethical Considerations and Authors’ Conflict of Interest Disclosure in Medical Journals in Iran.Akram Heidari, Seyyed Hassan Adeli, Shiva Mehravaran & Fariba Asghari - 2012 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 9 (4):457-462.
    The purpose of this study was to examine how ethical approval and competing interests are addressed by medical journals in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 151 journals accredited by the Publications Commission of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education were reviewed. Data collection was carried out by assessing journal guidelines and conducting structured phone interviews with journal managers, focusing on how ethical considerations and conflicts of interest (COI) are addressed. Overall, 135 of the 151 journals (89.4 percent) examined (...)
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  43.  21
    Informed consent and Anonymous tissue Samples: The case of hiv seroprevalence studies.Loretta M. Kopelman - 1994 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 19 (6):525-552.
    anonymous tissue samples obtained in hospitals and clinics without donor consent. This can be justified as a response to a public health emergency, but should not be seen as setting a precedent for waiving consent whenever samples are anonymous. The following recommendations grow out of this discussion: (1) Studies using anonymous tissue samples should not be automatically exempt from consent requirements, and consent should not be waived simply to avoid anticipated refusals, low participation rates or self selection bias. (2) The (...)
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  44.  17
    The moral courage of nursing students who complete advance directives with homeless persons.Woods Nash, Sandra J. Mixer, Polly M. McArthur & Annette Mendola - 2016 - Nursing Ethics 23 (7):743-753.
    Background:Homeless persons in the United States have disproportionately high rates of illness, injury, and mortality and tend to believe that the quality of their end-of-life care will be poor. No studies were found as to whether nurses or nursing students require moral courage to help homeless persons or members of any other demographic complete advance directives.Research hypothesis:We hypothesized that baccalaureate nursing students require moral courage to help homeless persons complete advance directives. Moral courage was defined as a trait of a (...)
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  45.  42
    ‘Screening audit’ as a quality assurance tool in good clinical practice compliant research environments.Sinyoung Park, Chung Mo Nam, Sejung Park, Yang Hee Noh, Cho Rong Ahn, Wan Sun Yu, Bo Kyung Kim, Seung Min Kim, Jin Seok Kim & Sun Young Rha - 2018 - BMC Medical Ethics 19 (1):30.
    With the growing amount of clinical research, regulations and research ethics are becoming more stringent. This trend introduces a need for quality assurance measures for ensuring adherence to research ethics and human research protection beyond Institutional Review Board approval. Audits, one of the most effective tools for assessing quality assurance, are measures used to evaluate Good Clinical Practice and protocol compliance in clinical research. However, they are laborious, time consuming, and require expertise. Therefore, we developed a simple auditing process (...)
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  46.  55
    Obstetrician-gynaecologists' opinions about conscientious refusal of a request for abortion: results from a national vignette experiment.K. A. Rasinski, J. D. Yoon, Y. G. Kalad & F. A. Curlin - 2011 - Journal of Medical Ethics 37 (12):711-714.
    Background and objectives Conscientious refusal of abortion has been discussed widely by medical ethicists but little information on practitioners' opinions exists. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) issued recommendations about conscientious refusal. We used a vignette experiment to examine obstetrician-gynecologists' (OB/GYN) support for the recommendations. Design A national survey of OB/GYN physicians contained a vignette experiment in which an OB/GYN doctor refused a requested elective abortion. The vignette varied two issues recently addressed by the ACOG ethics committee—whether the (...)
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  47.  21
    Validation of the Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale for frontline healthcare professionals.Bruce S. Jansson, Adeline Nyamathi, Gretchen Heidemann, Lei Duan & Charles Kaplan - 2017 - Nursing Ethics 24 (3):362-375.
    Background: Nurses, social workers, and medical residents are ethically mandated to engage in policy advocacy to promote the health and well-being of patients and increase access to care. Yet, no instrument exists to measure their level of engagement in policy advocacy. Research objective: To describe the development and validation of the Policy Advocacy Engagement Scale, designed to measure frontline healthcare professionals’ engagement in policy advocacy with respect to a broad range of issues, including patients’ ethical rights, quality of care, culturally (...)
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  48.  27
    The contribution and attitudes of research ethics committees to complete registration and non-selective reporting of clinical trials: A European survey.Jasper Littmann & Daniel Strech - 2016 - Research Ethics 12 (3):123-136.
    Background: For many years, studies have shown that the results of clinical trials are often published or reported selectively with a statistically significant bias in favour of positive trial results. Trial registration as a precondition for publication had only limited effects on current practice. Results of trials which were approved by research ethics committees are often published only partially, with a substantial time lag or not at all. This study examined existing procedures of RECs in the European Union to monitor (...)
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  49.  22
    Dignity and attitudes to aging: A cross-sectional study of older adults.Helena Kisvetrová, Petra Mandysová, Jitka Tomanová & Alison Steven - 2022 - Nursing Ethics 29 (2):413-424.
    Background: Dignity is a multidimensional construct that includes perception, knowledge, and emotions related to competence or respect. Attitudes to aging are a comprehensive personal view of the experience of aging over the course of life, which can be influenced by various factors, such as the levels of health and self-sufficiency and social, psychological, or demographic factors. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes to aging of home-dwelling and inpatient older adults, and whether dignity and other selected (...)
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  50.  33
    Understanding the public attitudinal acceptance of digital farming technologies: a nationwide survey in Germany.Johanna Pfeiffer, Andreas Gabriel & Markus Gandorfer - 2020 - Agriculture and Human Values 38 (1):107-128.
    The magnitude of public concerns about agricultural innovations has often been underestimated, as past examples, such as pesticides, nanotechnology, and cloning, demonstrate. Indeed, studies have proven that the agricultural sector presents an area of tension and often attracts skepticism concerning new technologies. Digital technologies have become increasingly popular in agriculture. Yet there are almost no investigations on the public acceptance of digitalization in agriculture so far. Our online survey provides initial insights to reduce this knowledge gap. The sample represents the (...)
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