Results for 'Professor of Cognitive Robotics Murray Shanahan'

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  1. A cognitive architecture that combines internal simulation with a global workspace.Murray Shanahan - 2006 - Consciousness and Cognition 15 (2):433-449.
    This paper proposes a brain-inspired cognitive architecture that incorporates approximations to the concepts of consciousness, imagination, and emotion. To emulate the empirically established cognitive efficacy of conscious as opposed to non-conscious information processing in the mammalian brain, the architecture adopts a model of information flow from global workspace theory. Cognitive functions such as anticipation and planning are realised through internal simulation of interaction with the environment. Action selection, in both actual and internally simulated interaction with the environment, (...)
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  2.  30
    Perception as Abduction: Turning Sensor Data Into Meaningful Representation.Murray Shanahan - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):103-134.
    This article presents a formal theory of robot perception as a form of abduction. The theory pins down the process whereby low‐level sensor data is transformed into a symbolic representation of the external world, drawing together aspects such as incompleteness, top‐down information flow, active perception, attention, and sensor fusion in a unifying framework. In addition, a number of themes are identified that are common to both the engineer concerned with developing a rigorous theory of perception, such as the one on (...)
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  3. Embodiment and the inner life: cognition and consciousness in the space of possible minds.Murray Shanahan - 2010 - New York: Oxford University Press.
  4.  60
    Review of "Consciousness and Robot Sentience" by Pentti Haikonen. [REVIEW]Murray Shanahan - 2014 - International Journal of Machine Consciousness 6 (1):63-65.
    Murray Shanahan, Int. J. Mach. Conscious., 06, 63 (2014). DOI: 10.1142/S1793843014400101.
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  5.  22
    A spiking neuron model of cortical broadcast and competition.Murray Shanahan - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (1):288-303.
    This paper presents a computer model of cortical broadcast and competition based on spiking neurons and inspired by the hypothesis of a global neuronal workspace underlying conscious information processing in the human brain. In the model, the hypothesised workspace is realised by a collection of recurrently inter-connected regions capable of sustaining and disseminating a reverberating spatial pattern of activation. At the same time, the workspace remains susceptible to new patterns arriving from outlying cortical populations. Competition among these cortical populations for (...)
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  6.  6
    Supplementary note on “A spiking neuron model of cortical broadcast and competition”.Murray Shanahan - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (1):304-306.
  7.  29
    Satori before singularity.Murray Shanahan - 2012 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 19 (7-8):7-8.
    According to the singularity hypothesis, rapid and accelerating technological progress will in due course lead to the creation of a human-level artificial intelligence capable of designing a successor artificial intelligence of significantly greater cognitive prowess, and this will inaugurate a series of increasingly super-intelligent machines. But how much sense can we make of the idea of a being whose cognitive architecture is qualitatively superior to our own? This article argues that one fundamental limitation of human cognitive architecture (...)
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  8.  49
    Sketches from a Design Process: Creative Cognition Inferred From Intermediate Products.Robert L. Goldstone, Steven A. Sloman, David A. Lagnado, Mark Steyvers, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Saskia Jaarsveld, Cees van Leeuwen, Murray Shanahan, Terry Dartnall & Simon Dennis - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):79-101.
    Novice designers produced a sequence of sketches while inventing a logo for a novel brand of soft drink. The sketches were scored for the presence of specific objects, their local features and global composition. Self‐assessment scores for each sketch and art critics' scores for the end products were collected. It was investigated whether the design evolves in an essentially random fashion or according to an overall heuristic. The results indicated a macrostructure in the evolution of the design, characterized by two (...)
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  9.  28
    Direct Human-AI Comparison in the Animal-AI Environment.Konstantinos Voudouris, Matthew Crosby, Benjamin Beyret, José Hernández-Orallo, Murray Shanahan, Marta Halina & Lucy G. Cheke - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Artificial Intelligence is making rapid and remarkable progress in the development of more sophisticated and powerful systems. However, the acknowledgement of several problems with modern machine learning approaches has prompted a shift in AI benchmarking away from task-oriented testing towards ability-oriented testing, in which AI systems are tested on their capacity to solve certain kinds of novel problems. The Animal-AI Environment is one such benchmark which aims to apply the ability-oriented testing used in comparative psychology to AI systems. Here, we (...)
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  10. The frame problem.Murray Shanahan - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  11.  5
    A circumscriptive calculus of events.Murray Shanahan - 1995 - Artificial Intelligence 77 (2):249-284.
  12. Applying global workspace theory to the frame problem.Murray Shanahan & Bernard Baars - 2005 - Cognition 98 (2):157-176.
  13.  50
    Global workspace theory emerges unscathed.Murray Shanahan & Bernard Baars - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (5-6):524-525.
    Our aim in this reply is to defend Global Workspace theory (GWT) from the challenge of Block's article. We argue that Block's article relies on an outdated and imprecise concept of access, and perpetuates a common misunderstanding of GWT that conflates the global workspace with working memory. In the light of the relevant clarifications, Block's conclusion turns out to be unwarranted, and the basic tenets of GWT emerge unscathed.
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  14.  57
    Global access, embodiment, and the conscious subject.Murray Shanahan - 2005 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 12 (12):46-66.
    The objectives of this article are twofold. First, by denying the dualism inherent in attempts to load metaphysical significance on the inner/outer distinction, it defends the view that scientific investigation can approach consciousness in itself, and is not somehow restricted in scope to the outward manifestations of a private and hidden realm. Second, it provisionally endorses the central tenets of global workspace theory, and recommends them as a possible basis for the sort of scientific understanding of consciousness thus legitimised. However, (...)
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  15.  45
    Embodiment and the inner life: A response to my reviewers.Murray Shanahan - 2011 - International Journal of Machine Consciousness 3 (02):379-382.
  16. Folk Learning and Naive Physics.Murray Shanahan - 1996 - In Andy Clark & Peter Millican (eds.), Connectionism, Concepts, and Folk Psychology: The Legacy of Alan Turing, Volume 2. Clarendon Press.
     
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  17. Folk Learning and Naive Physics.Murray Shanahan - 1999 - In Andy Clark & Peter Millican (eds.), Connectionism, Concepts, and Folk Psychology: The Legacy of Alan Turing, Volume Ii. Clarendon Press.
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  18. The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs.Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Robert Leech, Peter J. Hellyer, Murray Shanahan, Amanda Feilding, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Dante R. Chialvo & David Nutt - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  19. Cognitive robot architectures: Proceedings of EUCognition 2016.Ron Chrisley, Vincent C. Müller, Yulia Sandamirskaya & Markus Vincze (eds.) - 2017 - Hamburg: CEUR-WS.
    The European Association for Cognitive Systems is the association resulting from the EUCog network, which has been active since 2006. It has ca. 1000 members and is currently chaired by Vincent C. Müller. We ran our annual conference on December 08-09 2016, kindly hosted by the Technical University of Vienna with Markus Vincze as local chair. The invited speakers were David Vernon and Paul F.M.J. Verschure. Out of the 49 submissions for the meeting, we accepted 18 a papers and (...)
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  20. Towards a Vygotskyan Cognitive Robotics: The Role of Language as a Cognitive Tool.Marco Mirolli - 2011 - New Ideas in Psychology 29:298-311.
    Cognitive Robotics can be defined as the study of cognitive phenomena by their modeling in physical artifacts such as robots. This is a very lively and fascinating field which has already given fundamental contributions to our understanding of natural cognition. Nonetheless, robotics has to date addressed mainly very basic, low­level cognitive phenomena like sensory­motor coordination, perception, and navigation, and it is not clear how the current approach might scale up to explain high­level human cognition. In (...)
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  21. Review: Murray Shanahan, Solving the Frame Problem. A Mathematical Investigation of the Common Sense Law of Inertia. [REVIEW]Michael Gelfond - 1998 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 63 (3):1186-1188.
  22.  49
    Hegel’s Triadic Doctrine of Cognitive Mind.Murray Greene - 1972 - Idealistic Studies 2 (3):208-228.
    Midway in the process of inquiring about what it means “to know,” Socrates is stopped short by a thought that seems to render the whole undertaking questionable.
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  23.  33
    Kierkegaard's Vision of the Incarnation: By Faith Transformed.Murray Rae - 1997 - Clarendon Press.
    In this study of the works of Sren Kierkegaard, Murray Rae focuses on his understanding of the Christian faith and the nature of Christian conversion. The transformation of an individual under the impact of revelation is explored both in terms of the New Testament concept of metanoia and in comparison with claims to cognitive progress in other fields.
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  24.  23
    The Ambiguities of Representation and Illusion: An E. H. Gombrich Retrospective.Murray Krieger - 1984 - Critical Inquiry 11 (2):181-194.
    It is difficult to overestimate the impact, beginning in the 1960s, which Gombrich’s discussion of visual representation made on a good number of theorists in an entire generation of thinking about art and—even more—about literary art. For literary theory and criticism were at least as affected by his work as were theory and criticism in the plastic arts. Art and Illusion radically undermined the terms which had controlled discussion of how art represented “reality”—or, rather, how viewers or members of the (...)
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  25.  32
    Embodiment in Cognitive Systems: on the Mutual Dependence of Cognition & Robotics.David Vernon, Giorgio Metta & Giulio Sandini - unknown
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  26. The Nature and Norms of Vigilance.Samuel Murray - 2024 - American Philosophical Quarterly 61 (3):265-278.
    Many people have long-term commitments that require coordination and cooperation with others. To achieve this, we construct plans to settle when, how, and for how long to pursue certain goals rather than others. This raises an interesting cognitive problem, namely that individuals can, at any given moment, manage significantly less information than they will need to accomplish their goals. Call this the Problem of Scarce Information. The solution requires a special self-regulatory system that strategically manages the varying informational demands (...)
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  27.  11
    Poetic Presence and Illusion: Renaissance Theory and the Duplicity of Metaphor.Murray Krieger - 1979 - Critical Inquiry 5 (4):597-619.
    Our usual view of the Renaissance poetic, as we derive it from the explicit statements which we normally cite, sees it primarily as a rhetorical theory which is essentially Platonic in the universal meanings behind individual words, images, or fictions. Accordingly, poetic words, images, or fictions are taken to be purely allegorical, functioning as arbitrary or at most as conventional signs: each word, image, or fiction is seen as thoroughly dispensable, indeed interchangeable with others, to be used just so long (...)
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    The Minds, Machines, and Brains of a Passionate Scientist: An interview with Michael Arbib.Shaun Gallagher - 2004 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 11 (12):50-67.
    Michael Arbib was born in England, grew up in Australia, and studied at MIT where he received his PhD in Mathematics in 1963. He helped to found the Department of Computer and Information Science and the Center for Systems Neuroscience, the Cognitive Science Program, and the Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Today he is Fletcher Jones Professor of Computer Science, a Professor of Neuroscience and the Director of the USC Brain (...)
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  29.  56
    Reconstructing Reason and Representation.Murray Clarke - 2004 - Cambridge: Bradford.
    In Reconstructing Reason and Representation, Murray Clarke offers a detailed study of the philosophical implications of evolutionary psychology. In doing so, he offers new solutions to key problems in epistemology and philosophy of mind, including misrepresentation and rationality. He proposes a naturalistic approach to reason and representation that is informed by evolutionary psychology, and, expanding on the massive modularity thesis advanced in work by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, argues for a modular, adapticist account of misrepresentation and knowledge. Just (...)
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  30.  8
    Towards the Use of Social Robot Furhat and Generative AI in Testing Cognitive Abilities.Róbert Sabo, Štefan Beňuš, Viktória Kevická, Marian Trnka, Milan Rusko, Sakhia Darjaa & Jay Kejriwal - 2024 - Human Affairs 34 (2):224-243.
    Spoken communication between social robotic devices, powered by generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, and the senior population offers great potential for researching social interaction and robot identity perceptions as well as exploring the potential opportunities and challenges when implementing this human-machine interactions in real life situations and health care. In this paper we explore people’s perceptions of the social robot Furhat when administering verbal tasks similar to those used in screening for Alzheimer’s disease. We describe the Slovak system mounted (...)
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  31. Four arguments that the cognitive psychology of religion undermines the justification of religious belief.Michael J. Murray - manuscript
    Over the last decade a handful of cognitive models of religious belief have begun to coalesce in the literature. Attempts to offer “scientific explanations of religious belief ” are nothing new, stretching back at least as far as David Hume, and perhaps as far back as Cicero. What is also not new is a belief that scientific explanations of religious belief serve in some way to undermine the justification for those beliefs.
     
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  32. Professor Hébert on entrepreneurship.Murray N. Rothbard - 1985 - Journal of Libertarian Studies 7 (2):281-286.
  33.  13
    Is the Holocaust Vanishing?: A Survivor's Reflections on the Academic Waning of Memory and Jewish Identity in the Post-Auschwitz Era.Murray J. Kohn - 2005 - Hamilton Books.
    Is the Holocaust Vanishing? explores the ramifications of the passing of survivors for Holocaust studies, the removal of the Jew from Holocaust studies, and what all of this means for Jewish identity after the Holocaust. The book consists of years of reflection and wrestling with these issues on the part of a man who is a Holocaust survivor, a rabbi, and a professor of Holocaust studies.
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  34.  41
    Fiction, History, and Empirical Reality.Murray Krieger - 1974 - Critical Inquiry 1 (2):335-360.
    I begin by asking an engagingly naive question that a layman would have every right to put to us - and often has. Why should we interest ourselves seriously in the once-upon-a-time worlds of fiction - these unreal stories about unreal individuals? It has been a persistent question in the history of criticism - ever since Plato called the poet a liar - and it is a question at once obvious and embarrassing. It is obvious because, for the apologist for (...)
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  35.  13
    Preattentive analysis of facial expressions of emotion.Murray White - 1995 - Cognition and Emotion 9 (5):439-460.
  36.  4
    Myths of reason: vagueness, rationality, and the lure of logic.Murray Code - 1995 - Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press.
    Addresses the meaning of rationality. The author argues that common conceptions of this notion are founded upon dubious myths of reason; and that systematic approaches to rational understanding are inherently limited by denying the cognitive value of myth and metaphor.
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  37. The role of default network deactivation in cognition and disease.Alan Anticevic, Michael W. Cole, John D. Murray, Philip R. Corlett, Xiao-Jing Wang & John H. Krystal - 2012 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16 (12):584-592.
  38. Towards cognitive robotics: Robotics, biology and developmental psychology.Mark Lee, Ulrich Nehmzow & Marcos Rodrigues - 2012 - In David McFarland, Keith Stenning & Maggie McGonigle (eds.), The Complex Mind. Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 103.
    This chapter summarises the autors' work in embodied robotics, emphasising the need for scientific tools to measure chaos and sensitivity to intial conditions, the role of novelty and development, and the relevance of human behaviour in natural environments.
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  39.  3
    Axiological System of Henryk Elzenberg and Its Impact on the Oeuvre of Zbigniew Herbert.Halina Kozdęba-Murray - 2022 - Philosophical Discourses 4:7-36.
    Zbigniew Herbert studied philosophy at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń in the years 1949–1951 and attended seminars conducted by prof. Henryk Elzenberg, whose philosophical stance had a relevant impact on the poet’s oeuvre. This work analyses Stoic heritage present in the works of both the Philosopher and the Poet, as well as presents the axiological system of Elzenberg and its meaning for the attitude of “Mr. Cogito”. Elzenberg, following Seneca, divided values into the utilitarian and perfect ones, where the (...)
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  40.  9
    The Talent Training Mode of International Service Design Using a Human–Computer Interaction Intelligent Service Robot From the Perspective of Cognitive Psychology.Yayun Yang - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    To effectively improve the efficiency of international service design talent training and make it more in line with society's needs, we analyze the current status of international service design talent training and its professional training focus. Based on the above problems, from the perspective of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence and human–computer interaction technology are used to construct the international service design talent training mode of the HCI intelligent service robot. This mode can be used to solve the existing teaching (...)
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  41.  19
    Automatic Affective Appraisal of Words.Murray White - 1996 - Cognition and Emotion 10 (2):199-212.
  42.  24
    Optics and Aesthetic Perception: A Rebuttal.Murray Krieger - 1985 - Critical Inquiry 11 (3):502-508.
    I am troubled by the temper of E. H. Gombrich’s response, “Representation and Misrepresentation” , to my “Ambiguities of Representation and Illusion: An E. H. Gombrich Retrospective” and by his preferring not to sense the profound admiration—indeed, the homage—intended by my essay, both for his contributions to recent theory and for their influence upon its recent developments. But I am more troubled by the confusions his remarks may cause in the interpretation of his own work as well as in the (...)
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  43. Towards a cognitive robotics.Andy Clark & Rick Grush - 1999 - Adaptive Behavior 7 (1):5-16.
    There is a definite challenge in the air regarding the pivotal notion of internal representation. This challenge is explicit in, e.g., van Gelder, 1995; Beer, 1995; Thelen & Smith, 1994; Wheeler, 1994; and elsewhere. We think it is a challenge that can be met and that (importantly) can be met by arguing from within a general framework that accepts many of the basic premises of the work (in new robotics and in dynamical systems theory) that motivates such scepticism in (...)
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  44. Kant’s ‘Five Ways’: Transcendental Idealism in Context.Murray Miles - 2018 - Dialogue 57 (1):137-161.
    In 1772, Kant outlined the new problem of his critical period in terms of four possible “ways” of understanding the agreement of knowledge with its object. This study expands Kant’s terse descriptions of these ways, examining why he rejected them. Apart from clarifying the historical context in which Kant saw his own achievement (the Fifth Way), the chief benefits of exploring the historical background of Way Two, in particular, are that it (1) explains the puzzling intuitus originarius/intellectus archetypus dichotomy, and (...)
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  45.  20
    The Value Abstraction and the Dialectic of Social Development.Murray E. G. Smith - 1992 - Science and Society 56 (3):261 - 290.
    The idea that human history evinces a pattern of development rooted in the propensity of human beings toward technical forms of rationality is fundamental to Marx's materialist conception of history. Yet the "dialectic of forces and relations of production" as traditionally conceived in historical-materialist discourse has found only weak expressions in social formations dominated by precapitalist modes of production. The hypothesis is advanced that the role of simple commodity production and exchange in such formations may be decisive to the emergence (...)
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  46.  9
    On the Poverty of Scientism, or: The Ineluctable Roughness of Rationality.Murray Code - 1997 - Metaphilosophy 28 (1-2):102-122.
    If there is one rationality there must be a plurality of them. This conclusion follows, I argue, partly from the extreme and ineradicable vagueness of the fundamental concepts that every would‐be rational explanation must presuppose. Logicistic/scientistic assaults on this vagueness are doomed to fail partly because they are unable to acknowledge the imaginative dimension of rational thought. Being limited to the play of “outward appearances,” scientific investigations are also dependent on “inward imaginings” on their speculative side. The upshot is that (...)
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  47.  50
    Ludwig von Mises and Natural Law: A Comment on Professor Gonce.Murray N. Rothbard - 1980 - Journal of Libertarian Studies 4 (3):289-97.
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  48. What’s inside is all that counts? The contours of everyday thinking about self-control.Juan Pablo Bermúdez, Samuel Murray, Louis Chartrand & Sergio Barbosa - 2023 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 14 (1):33-55.
    Does self-control require willpower? The question cuts to the heart of a debate about whether self-control is identical with some psychological process internal to the agents or not. Noticeably absent from these debates is systematic evidence about the folk-psychological category of self-control. Here, we present the results of two behavioral studies (N = 296) that indicate the structure of everyday use of the concept. In Study 1, participants rated the degree to which different strategies to respond to motivational conflict exemplify (...)
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  49. Analytic Method, the Cogito, and Descartes’s Argument for the Innateness of the Idea of God.Murray Miles - 2010 - Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 14 (2):289-320.
    The analytic method by which Descartes discovered the first principle of his philosophy—cogito, ergo sum—is a unique cognitive process of direct insight and nonlogical inference. It differs markedly from inductive as well as deductive procedures, but also from older models of the direct noetic apprehension of first principles, notably those of Plato and Aristotle. However, a critical examination of Descartes’s argument for the innateness of the idea of God shows that there are serious obstacles in the way of his (...)
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  50. Knowing in Aristotle part 2: Technē, phronēsis, sophia, and divine cognitive activities.Caleb Murray Cohoe - 2021 - Philosophy Compass 17 (1):e12799.
    In this second of a 2-part survey of Aristotle’s epistemology, I present an overview of Aristotle’s views on technē (craft or excellent productive reason) and phronēsis (practical wisdom or excellent practical reason). For Aristotle, attaining the truth in practical matters involves actually doing the right action. While technē and phronēsis are rational excellences, for Aristotle they are not as excellent or true as epistēmē or nous because the kinds of truth that they grasp are imperfect and because they are excellent (...)
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