Results for 'Professor of Cognitive Robotics Murray Shanahan'

972 found
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  1.  15
    Solving the Frame Problem: A Mathematical Investigation of the Common Sense Law of Inertia.Murray Shanahan & Professor of Cognitive Robotics Murray Shanahan - 1997 - MIT Press.
    In 1969, John McCarthy and Pat Hayes uncovered a problem that has haunted the field of artificial intelligence ever since--the frame problem. The problem arises when logic is used to describe the effects of actions and events. Put simply, it is the problem of representing what remains unchanged as a result of an action or event. Many researchers in artificial intelligence believe that its solution is vital to the realization of the field's goals. Solving the Frame Problem presents the various (...)
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  2. A cognitive architecture that combines internal simulation with a global workspace.Murray Shanahan - 2006 - Consciousness and Cognition 15 (2):433-449.
    This paper proposes a brain-inspired cognitive architecture that incorporates approximations to the concepts of consciousness, imagination, and emotion. To emulate the empirically established cognitive efficacy of conscious as opposed to non-conscious information processing in the mammalian brain, the architecture adopts a model of information flow from global workspace theory. Cognitive functions such as anticipation and planning are realised through internal simulation of interaction with the environment. Action selection, in both actual and internally simulated interaction with the environment, (...)
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  3.  38
    Perception as Abduction: Turning Sensor Data Into Meaningful Representation.Murray Shanahan - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):103-134.
    This article presents a formal theory of robot perception as a form of abduction. The theory pins down the process whereby low‐level sensor data is transformed into a symbolic representation of the external world, drawing together aspects such as incompleteness, top‐down information flow, active perception, attention, and sensor fusion in a unifying framework. In addition, a number of themes are identified that are common to both the engineer concerned with developing a rigorous theory of perception, such as the one on (...)
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  4. Embodiment and the inner life: cognition and consciousness in the space of possible minds.Murray Shanahan - 2010 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    To understand the mind and its place in Nature is one of the great intellectual challenges of our time, a challenge that is both scientific and philosophical. How does cognition influence an animal's behaviour? What are its neural underpinnings? How is the inner life of a human being constituted? What are the neural underpinnings of the conscious condition? Embodiment and the Inner Life approaches each of these questions from a scientific standpoint. But it contends that, before we can make progress (...)
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  5.  69
    Review of "Consciousness and Robot Sentience" by Pentti Haikonen. [REVIEW]Murray Shanahan - 2014 - International Journal of Machine Consciousness 6 (1):63-65.
    Murray Shanahan, Int. J. Mach. Conscious., 06, 63 (2014). DOI: 10.1142/S1793843014400101.
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  6.  29
    A spiking neuron model of cortical broadcast and competition.Murray Shanahan - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (1):288-303.
    This paper presents a computer model of cortical broadcast and competition based on spiking neurons and inspired by the hypothesis of a global neuronal workspace underlying conscious information processing in the human brain. In the model, the hypothesised workspace is realised by a collection of recurrently inter-connected regions capable of sustaining and disseminating a reverberating spatial pattern of activation. At the same time, the workspace remains susceptible to new patterns arriving from outlying cortical populations. Competition among these cortical populations for (...)
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  7.  12
    Supplementary note on “A spiking neuron model of cortical broadcast and competition”.Murray Shanahan - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (1):304-306.
  8.  79
    Satori before singularity.Murray Shanahan - 2012 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 19 (7-8):7-8.
    According to the singularity hypothesis, rapid and accelerating technological progress will in due course lead to the creation of a human-level artificial intelligence capable of designing a successor artificial intelligence of significantly greater cognitive prowess, and this will inaugurate a series of increasingly super-intelligent machines. But how much sense can we make of the idea of a being whose cognitive architecture is qualitatively superior to our own? This article argues that one fundamental limitation of human cognitive architecture (...)
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  9.  37
    Direct Human-AI Comparison in the Animal-AI Environment.Konstantinos Voudouris, Matthew Crosby, Benjamin Beyret, José Hernández-Orallo, Murray Shanahan, Marta Halina & Lucy G. Cheke - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Artificial Intelligence is making rapid and remarkable progress in the development of more sophisticated and powerful systems. However, the acknowledgement of several problems with modern machine learning approaches has prompted a shift in AI benchmarking away from task-oriented testing towards ability-oriented testing, in which AI systems are tested on their capacity to solve certain kinds of novel problems. The Animal-AI Environment is one such benchmark which aims to apply the ability-oriented testing used in comparative psychology to AI systems. Here, we (...)
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  10. The frame problem.Murray Shanahan - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  11. Applying global workspace theory to the frame problem.Murray Shanahan & Bernard Baars - 2005 - Cognition 98 (2):157-176.
  12.  15
    A circumscriptive calculus of events.Murray Shanahan - 1995 - Artificial Intelligence 77 (2):249-284.
  13. Simulacra as Conscious Exotica.Murray Shanahan - 2024 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    The advent of conversational agents with increasingly human-like behaviour throws old philosophical questions into new light. Does it, or could it, ever make sense to speak of AI agents built out of generative language models in terms of consciousness, given that they are ‘mere’ simulacra of human behaviour, and that what they do can be seen as ‘merely’ role play? Drawing on the later writings of Wittgenstein, this paper attempts to tackle this question while avoiding the pitfalls of dualistic thinking.
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  14.  61
    Embodiment and the inner life: A response to my reviewers.Murray Shanahan - 2011 - International Journal of Machine Consciousness 3 (02):379-382.
  15.  58
    Global workspace theory emerges unscathed.Murray Shanahan & Bernard Baars - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (5-6):524-525.
    Our aim in this reply is to defend Global Workspace theory (GWT) from the challenge of Block's article. We argue that Block's article relies on an outdated and imprecise concept of access, and perpetuates a common misunderstanding of GWT that conflates the global workspace with working memory. In the light of the relevant clarifications, Block's conclusion turns out to be unwarranted, and the basic tenets of GWT emerge unscathed.
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  16.  69
    Global access, embodiment, and the conscious subject.Murray Shanahan - 2005 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 12 (12):46-66.
    The objectives of this article are twofold. First, by denying the dualism inherent in attempts to load metaphysical significance on the inner/outer distinction, it defends the view that scientific investigation can approach consciousness in itself, and is not somehow restricted in scope to the outward manifestations of a private and hidden realm. Second, it provisionally endorses the central tenets of global workspace theory, and recommends them as a possible basis for the sort of scientific understanding of consciousness thus legitimised. However, (...)
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  17.  1
    Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence’s Self-Awareness Between the Cognitive Science Expert and Large Language Model Claude 3 Opus: A Buddhist Scholar’s Perspective.Виктория Георгиевна Лысенко - 2024 - Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 67 (3):75-98.
    The article examines the dialogue between British cognitive science expert Murray Shanahan and the large language model Claude 3 Opus about “self-awareness” of artificial intelligence (AI). Adopting a text-centric approach, the author analyzes AI’s discourse through a hermeneutic lens from a reader’s perspective, irrespective of whether AI possesses consciousness or personhood. The article draws parallels between AI’s reasoning about the nature of consciousness and Buddhist concepts, especially the doctrine of dharmas, which underpins the Buddhist concept of anātman (...)
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  18. (1 other version)Folk Learning and Naive Physics.Murray Shanahan - 1996 - In Andy Clark & Peter Millican (eds.), Connectionism, Concepts, and Folk Psychology: The Legacy of Alan Turing, Volume 2. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
     
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  19. The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs.Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Robert Leech, Peter J. Hellyer, Murray Shanahan, Amanda Feilding, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Dante R. Chialvo & David Nutt - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  20.  6
    The Event Calculus in Classical Logic - Alternative Axiomatisations.Rob Miller & Murray Shanahan - 1999 - Linköping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science 4.
    We present several alternative classical logic axiomatisations of the Event Calculus, a narrative based formalism for reasoning about actions and change. We indicate the range of applicability and key characteristics of each alternative formulation.
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  21.  60
    Hegel’s Triadic Doctrine of Cognitive Mind.Murray Greene - 1972 - Idealistic Studies 2 (3):208-228.
    Midway in the process of inquiring about what it means “to know,” Socrates is stopped short by a thought that seems to render the whole undertaking questionable.
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  22.  22
    The Minds, Machines, and Brains of a Passionate Scientist: An interview with Michael Arbib.Shaun Gallagher - 2004 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 11 (12):50-67.
    Michael Arbib was born in England, grew up in Australia, and studied at MIT where he received his PhD in Mathematics in 1963. He helped to found the Department of Computer and Information Science and the Center for Systems Neuroscience, the Cognitive Science Program, and the Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Today he is Fletcher Jones Professor of Computer Science, a Professor of Neuroscience and the Director of the USC Brain (...)
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  23. Cognitive robot architectures: Proceedings of EUCognition 2016.Ron Chrisley, Vincent C. Müller, Yulia Sandamirskaya & Markus Vincze (eds.) - 2017 - Hamburg: CEUR-WS.
    The European Association for Cognitive Systems is the association resulting from the EUCog network, which has been active since 2006. It has ca. 1000 members and is currently chaired by Vincent C. Müller. We ran our annual conference on December 08-09 2016, kindly hosted by the Technical University of Vienna with Markus Vincze as local chair. The invited speakers were David Vernon and Paul F.M.J. Verschure. Out of the 49 submissions for the meeting, we accepted 18 a papers and (...)
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  24. Towards a Vygotskyan Cognitive Robotics: The Role of Language as a Cognitive Tool.Marco Mirolli - 2011 - New Ideas in Psychology 29:298-311.
    Cognitive Robotics can be defined as the study of cognitive phenomena by their modeling in physical artifacts such as robots. This is a very lively and fascinating field which has already given fundamental contributions to our understanding of natural cognition. Nonetheless, robotics has to date addressed mainly very basic, low­level cognitive phenomena like sensory­motor coordination, perception, and navigation, and it is not clear how the current approach might scale up to explain high­level human cognition. In (...)
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  25.  82
    The Strategic Allocation Theory of Vigilance.Samuel Murray & Santiago Amaya - forthcoming - WIREs Cognitive Science.
    Despite its importance in different occupational and everyday contexts, vigilance, typically defined as the capacity to sustain attention over time, is remarkably limited. What explains these limits? Two theories have been proposed. The Overload Theory states that being vigilant consumes limited information-processing resources; when depleted, task performance degrades. The Underload Theory states that motivation to perform vigilance tasks declines over time, thereby prompting attentional shifts and hindering performance. We highlight some conceptual and empirical problems for both theories and propose an (...)
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  26.  34
    The Nature and Norms of Vigilance.Samuel Murray - 2024 - American Philosophical Quarterly 61 (3):265-278.
    Many people have long-term commitments that require coordination and cooperation with others. To achieve this, we construct plans to settle when, how, and for how long to pursue certain goals rather than others. This raises an interesting cognitive problem, namely that individuals can, at any given moment, manage significantly less information than they will need to accomplish their goals. Call this the Problem of Scarce Information. The solution requires a special self-regulatory system that strategically manages the varying informational demands (...)
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  27. Four arguments that the cognitive psychology of religion undermines the justification of religious belief.Michael J. Murray - manuscript
    Over the last decade a handful of cognitive models of religious belief have begun to coalesce in the literature. Attempts to offer “scientific explanations of religious belief ” are nothing new, stretching back at least as far as David Hume, and perhaps as far back as Cicero. What is also not new is a belief that scientific explanations of religious belief serve in some way to undermine the justification for those beliefs.
     
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  28.  22
    Poetic Presence and Illusion: Renaissance Theory and the Duplicity of Metaphor.Murray Krieger - 1979 - Critical Inquiry 5 (4):597-619.
    Our usual view of the Renaissance poetic, as we derive it from the explicit statements which we normally cite, sees it primarily as a rhetorical theory which is essentially Platonic in the universal meanings behind individual words, images, or fictions. Accordingly, poetic words, images, or fictions are taken to be purely allegorical, functioning as arbitrary or at most as conventional signs: each word, image, or fiction is seen as thoroughly dispensable, indeed interchangeable with others, to be used just so long (...)
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  29.  7
    The Philosophy of James Ward.Andrew Howson Murray - 1937 - Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press.
    Originally published in 1937, this book presents the philosophy of James Ward, the Professor of Mental Philosophy and Logic at the University of Cambridge. Ward was primarily concerned with the perceived antagonism between science and philosophy or religion, and Murray supplies a psychological background to Ward's thinking that helps to explain his interest in this topic. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Ward or the duality of faith and reason.
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  30.  53
    Ludwig von Mises and Natural Law: A Comment on Professor Gonce.Murray N. Rothbard - 1980 - Journal of Libertarian Studies 4 (3):289-97.
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  31.  40
    Embodiment in Cognitive Systems: on the Mutual Dependence of Cognition & Robotics.David Vernon, Giorgio Metta & Giulio Sandini - unknown
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  32.  9
    Myths of reason: vagueness, rationality, and the lure of logic.Murray Code - 1995 - Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press.
    Addresses the meaning of rationality. The author argues that common conceptions of this notion are founded upon dubious myths of reason; and that systematic approaches to rational understanding are inherently limited by denying the cognitive value of myth and metaphor.
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  33.  9
    The Philosophical Lineage of Mr. Cogito (part 1).Halina Kozdęba-Murray - 2020 - Philosophical Discourses 2:205-218.
    This article constitutes the first part of a larger paper concerning the philosophical provenance of Mr. Cogito, the title character of poems by Zbigniew Herbert, which were published under the same title by “Czytelnik” in 1974. The poet used to study philosophy and corresponded for many years with his Master, Professor Henryk Elzenberg. The first part of the paper presents Mr. Cogito’s polemics with Cartesian apriorism, according to which only rational thinking leads to the knowledge of the truth. Herbert’s (...)
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  34. Plato on power, moral responsibility and the alleged neutrality of gorgias' art of rhetoric ().James Stuart Murray - 2001 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 34 (4):355-363.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy and Rhetoric 34.4 (2001) 355-363 [Access article in PDF] Plato on Power, Moral Responsibility and the Alleged Neutrality of Gorgias' Art of Rhetoric (Gorgias 456c-457b) James Stuart Murray 1. Introduction You are sitting in your office on a quiet Thursday afternoon when an agitated university administrator enters with news that the students in your "Plato class" have just been interviewed on the city's largest radio station. According (...)
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  35.  44
    Kierkegaard's Vision of the Incarnation: By Faith Transformed.Murray Rae - 1997 - Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    In this study of the works of Sren Kierkegaard, Murray Rae focuses on his understanding of the Christian faith and the nature of Christian conversion. The transformation of an individual under the impact of revelation is explored both in terms of the New Testament concept of metanoia and in comparison with claims to cognitive progress in other fields.
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  36.  10
    Not What I Expected! Feeling of Surprise Differentially Mediates Effect of Personal Control on Attributions of Free will and Responsibility.Samuel Murray & Thomas Nadelhoffer - 2024 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 15 (3):837-861.
    Some have argued that advances in the science of human decision-making, particularly research on automaticity and unconscious priming, would ultimately thwart our commonsense understanding of free will and moral responsibility. Do people interpret this research as a threat to their self-understanding as free and responsible agents? We approached this question by seeing how feelings of surprise mediate the relationship between personal sense of control and third-personal attributions of free will and responsibility. Across three studies (_N_ = 1,516) we found that (...)
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  37.  27
    Grasping AI: experiential exercises for designers.Dave Murray-Rust, Maria Luce Lupetti, Iohanna Nicenboim & Wouter van der Hoog - 2024 - AI and Society 39 (6):2891-2911.
    Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly integrated into the functioning of physical and digital products, creating unprecedented opportunities for interaction and functionality. However, there is a challenge for designers to ideate within this creative landscape, balancing the possibilities of technology with human interactional concerns. We investigate techniques for exploring and reflecting on the interactional affordances, the unique relational possibilities, and the wider social implications of AI systems. We introduced into an interaction design course (n = 100) nine (...)
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  38.  16
    Is the Holocaust Vanishing?: A Survivor's Reflections on the Academic Waning of Memory and Jewish Identity in the Post-Auschwitz Era.Murray J. Kohn - 2005 - Hamilton Books.
    Is the Holocaust Vanishing? explores the ramifications of the passing of survivors for Holocaust studies, the removal of the Jew from Holocaust studies, and what all of this means for Jewish identity after the Holocaust. The book consists of years of reflection and wrestling with these issues on the part of a man who is a Holocaust survivor, a rabbi, and a professor of Holocaust studies.
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  39.  22
    The problem of God, yesterday and today.John Courtney Murray - 1964 - New Haven,: Yale University Press.
    In an urbane and persuasive tract for our time, the distinguished Catholic theologian combines a comprehensive metaphysics with a sensitivity to contemporary existentialist thought. Father Murray traces the “problem of God” from its origins in the Old Testament, through its development in the Christian Fathers and the definitive statement by Aquinas, to its denial by modern materialism. Students and nonspecialist intellectuals may both benefit by the book, which illuminates the problem of development of doctrine that is now, even more (...)
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  40. Towards cognitive robotics: Robotics, biology and developmental psychology.Mark Lee, Ulrich Nehmzow & Marcos Rodrigues - 2012 - In David McFarland, Keith Stenning & Maggie McGonigle (eds.), The Complex Mind: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Palgrave-Macmillan. pp. 103.
    This chapter summarises the autors' work in embodied robotics, emphasising the need for scientific tools to measure chaos and sensitivity to intial conditions, the role of novelty and development, and the relevance of human behaviour in natural environments.
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  41. Vigilance and mind wandering.Samuel Murray - forthcoming - Mind and Language.
    Mind wandering is a pervasive feature of subjective experience. But why does the mind tend to wriggle about rather than always staying focused? To answer this question, this paper defends the claim that mind wandering consists in task-unrelated thought. Despite being the standard view of mind wandering in cognitive psychology, there has been no systematic elaboration or defense of the task-unrelated thought view of mind wandering. Here, I argue for the task-unrelated thought view by showing how mind wandering reflects (...)
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  42. Commonsense morality and the bearable automaticity of being.Samuel Murray & Thomas Nadelhoffer - 2024 - Consciousness and Cognition 125 (C):103748.
    Some research suggests that moral behavior can be strongly influenced by trivial features of the environment of which we are completely unaware. Philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists have argued that these findings undermine our commonsense notions of agency and responsibility, both of which emphasize the role of practical reasoning and conscious deliberation in action. We present the results of four vignette-based studies (N = 1,437) designed to investigate how people think about the metaphysical and moral implications of scientific findings that reveal (...)
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  43.  48
    Fiction, History, and Empirical Reality.Murray Krieger - 1974 - Critical Inquiry 1 (2):335-360.
    I begin by asking an engagingly naive question that a layman would have every right to put to us - and often has. Why should we interest ourselves seriously in the once-upon-a-time worlds of fiction - these unreal stories about unreal individuals? It has been a persistent question in the history of criticism - ever since Plato called the poet a liar - and it is a question at once obvious and embarrassing. It is obvious because, for the apologist for (...)
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  44.  26
    Generality of likelihood ratio decisions.Murray Glanzer, Andrew Hilford, Kisok Kim & Laurence T. Maloney - 2019 - Cognition 191:103931.
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  45.  41
    Inventing the Medium: Principles of Interaction Design as a Cultural Practice.Janet H. Murray - 2011 - MIT Press.
    Digital artifacts from iPads to databases pervade our lives, and the design decisions that shape them affect how we think, act, communicate, and understand the world. But the pace of change has been so rapid that technical innovation is outstripping design. Interactors are often mystified and frustrated by their enticing but confusing new devices; meanwhile, product design teams struggle to articulate shared and enduring design goals. With Inventing the Medium, Janet Murray provides a unified vocabulary and a common methodology (...)
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  46.  30
    The Ambiguities of Representation and Illusion: An E. H. Gombrich Retrospective.Murray Krieger - 1984 - Critical Inquiry 11 (2):181-194.
    It is difficult to overestimate the impact, beginning in the 1960s, which Gombrich’s discussion of visual representation made on a good number of theorists in an entire generation of thinking about art and—even more—about literary art. For literary theory and criticism were at least as affected by his work as were theory and criticism in the plastic arts. Art and Illusion radically undermined the terms which had controlled discussion of how art represented “reality”—or, rather, how viewers or members of the (...)
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  47. Professor Hébert on entrepreneurship.Murray N. Rothbard - 1985 - Journal of Libertarian Studies 7 (2):281-286.
  48.  30
    Concepts, Intuitions and Epistemic Norms.Murray Clarke - 2010 - Logos and Episteme (2):269-286.
    In this paper, I argue that Dual Process Theories of cognition offer a useful framework to understand the nature and role of concepts in cognitive science and intuitions in epistemology.
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  49.  69
    Reconstructing Reason and Representation.Murray Clarke - 2004 - Cambridge: Bradford.
    In Reconstructing Reason and Representation, Murray Clarke offers a detailed study of the philosophical implications of evolutionary psychology. In doing so, he offers new solutions to key problems in epistemology and philosophy of mind, including misrepresentation and rationality. He proposes a naturalistic approach to reason and representation that is informed by evolutionary psychology, and, expanding on the massive modularity thesis advanced in work by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, argues for a modular, adapticist account of misrepresentation and knowledge. Just (...)
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  50. Blade Runner 2049: A Philosophical Exploration.Timothy Shanahan & Paul Smart (eds.) - 2019 - Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
    Widely acclaimed upon its release as a future classic, Denis Villeneuve’s Blade Runner 2049 is visually stunning, philosophically profound, and a provocative extension of the story in Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner. Containing specially commissioned chapters by a roster of international contributors, this fascinating collection explores philosophical questions that abound in Blade Runner 2049, including: -/- What distinguishes the authentically "human" person? How might natality condition one’s experience of being-in-the-world? How might shared memories feature in the constitution of personal identities? What (...)
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