Results for 'Kenneth Shields'

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  1. A Dilemma For Neurodiversity.Kenneth Shields & David Beversdorf - 2020 - Neuroethics 14 (2):125-141.
    One way to determine whether a mental condition should be considered a disorder is to first give necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be a disorder and then see if it meets these conditions. But this approach has been criticized for begging normative questions. Concerning autism (and other conditions), a neurodiversity movement has arisen with essentially two aims: (1) advocate for the rights and interests of individuals with autism, and (2) de-pathologize autism. We argue that denying autism’s disorder status (...)
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  2. Moral internalism, amoralist skepticism and the factivity effect.Kenneth Shields - 2016 - Philosophical Psychology 29 (8):1095-1111.
    Philosophers are divided over moral internalism, the claim that moral judgement entails some motivation to comply with that judgement. Against moral internalism, externalists defend the conceptual coherence of scenarios in which an individual makes genuine moral judgements but is entirely unmoved by them. This is amoralist skepticism and these scenarios can be called amoralist scenarios. While the coherence of amoralist scenarios is disputed, philosophers seem to agree that the coherence of amoralist scenarios is not affected by whether the amoralist is (...)
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  3. Neurodiversity.Kenneth Shields - 2022 - In Ezio Di Nucci, Ji-Young Lee & Isaac A. Wagner (eds.), The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Bioethics. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
     
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  4.  23
    Explaining ideology: Two factors are better than one.Philip Robbins & Kenneth Shields - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (3):326-328.
    Hibbing et al. (2014) contend that individual differences in political ideology can be substantially accounted for in terms of differences in a single psychological factor, namely, strength of negativity bias. We argue that, given the multidimensional structure of ideology, a better explanation of ideological variation will take into account both individual differences in negativity bias and differences in empathic concern.
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  5.  15
    A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology.Jared S. Klein & Kenneth C. Shields - 1996 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 116 (2):351.
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  6.  18
    Book Review Section 4. [REVIEW]Dai Weidong, Maureen W. Mcclure, Portia H. Shields, Kenneth E. Martin, Reba Page & Barbara Senkowski Stengel - 1988 - Educational Studies 19 (3-4):433-471.
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  7.  28
    Book Review Section 4. [REVIEW]Dai Weidong, Maureen W. Mcclure, Portia H. Shields, Kenneth E. Martin, Reba Page & Barbara Senkowski Stengel - 1988 - Educational Studies: A Jrnl of the American Educ. Studies Assoc 19 (3&4):433-471.
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  8. The Prospects for Sufficientarianism.Liam Shields - 2012 - Utilitas 24 (1):101-117.
    Principles of sufficiency are widely discussed in debates about distributive ethics. However, critics have argued that sufficiency principles are vulnerable to important objections. This paper seeks to clarify the main claims of sufficiency principles and to examine whether they have something distinctive and plausible to offer. The paper argues that sufficiency principles must claim that we have weighty reasons to secure enough and that once enough is secured the nature of our reasons to secure further benefits shifts. Having characterized sufficientarianism (...)
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  9. The nature of explanation.Kenneth James Williams Craik - 1944 - Cambridge,: Cambridge University Press.
    Craik published only one complete work of any length, this essay on The Nature of Explanation.
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  10.  68
    Berkeley: An Interpretation.Kenneth P. Winkler - 1989 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
    David Hume wrote that Berkeley's arguments `admit of no answer but produce no conviction'. This book aims at the kind of understanding of Berkeley's philosophy that comes from seeing how we ourselves might be brought to embrace it. Berkeley held that matter does not exist, and that the sensations we take to be caused by an indifferent and independent world are instead caused directly by God. Nature becomes a text, with no existence apart from the spirits who transmit and receive (...)
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  11.  21
    The Virtual.Rob Shields - 2002 - Routledge.
    This book looks at the origins and the many contemporary meanings of the virtual. Rob Shields shows how the construction of virtual worlds has a long history. He examines the many forms of faith and hysteria that have surrounded computer technologies in recent years. Moving beyond the technologies themselves he shows how the virtual plays a role in our daily lives at every level. The virtual is also an essential concept needed to manage innovation and risk. It is real (...)
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  12. Truth from the Agent Point of View.Matthew Shields - 2022 - Philosophical Quarterly 73 (4):1205-1225.
    I defend a novel pragmatist account of truth that I call ‘truth from the agent point of view’ or ‘agential truth’, drawing on insights from Hilary Putnam. According to the agential view, as inquirers, when we take something to be truth-apt, we are taking ourselves and all other thinkers to be accountable to getting right a shared target that is independent of any individual's or community's view of that target. That we have this relationship to truth is what enables our (...)
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  13. Rethinking conspiracy theories.Matthew Shields - 2022 - Synthese 200 (4):1-29.
    I argue that that an influential strategy for understanding conspiracy theories stands in need of radical revision. According to this approach, called ‘generalism’, conspiracy theories are epistemically defective by their very nature. Generalists are typically opposed by particularists, who argue that conspiracy theories should be judged case-by-case, rather than definitionally indicted. Here I take a novel approach to criticizing generalism. I introduce a distinction between ‘Dominant Institution Conspiracy Theories and Theorists’ and ‘Non-Dominant Institution Conspiracy Theories and Theorists’. Generalists uncritically center (...)
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  14.  86
    The Oxford Handbook of Aristotle.Christopher John Shields (ed.) - 2012 - Oxford University Press USA.
    The Oxford Handbook of Aristotle reflects the lively international character of Aristotelian studies, drawing contributors from the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, and Japan; it also, appropriately, includes a preponderance of authors from the University of Oxford, which has been a center of Aristotelian studies for many centuries. The volume equally reflects the broad range of activity Aristotelian studies comprise today: such activity ranges from the primarily textual and philological to the application of broadly Aristotelian (...)
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  15.  74
    Order in multiplicity: homonymy in the philosophy of Aristotle.Christopher John Shields - 1999 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Aristotle attaches particular significance to the homomyny of many of the central concepts in philosophy and science: that is, to the diversity of ways of being that are denoted by a single concept. Shields here investigates and evaluates Aristotle's approach to questions about homonymy, characterizing the metaphysical and semantic commitments necessary to establish the homonymy of a given concept. Then, in a series of case studies, he examines in detail some of Aristotle's principal applications of homonymy--to the body, sameness (...)
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  16.  59
    Won’t Somebody Please Think of the Parents?Liam Shields - 2022 - Ethics 133 (1):133-146.
    Should parental rights be allocated to the best available parent? Anca Gheaus has argued that they should and that the interests of those who might rear them are strictly irrelevant to their allocation. This discussion article defends the view that parents’ interests are relevant to parental rights, against this latest argument. I show that the Best Available Parent View, as stated, conflicts with the exclusion of parental interests, on which it allegedly rests. I show that by including parental interests we (...)
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  17. On stipulation.Matthew Shields - 2021 - European Journal of Philosophy 29 (4):1100-1114.
    When we carry out a speech act of stipulation, it seems that we can shape our language however we see fit. This autonomy, however, also seems to make such acts arbitrary: it is unclear if there are any constraints on what counts as a "correct" or "incorrect" stipulation. In this paper, I offer a novel, detailed account of the pragmatics of stipulation and explain its crucial role in conceptual analysis and articulation. My account shows that stipulation does indeed equip us (...)
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  18.  53
    Sufficientarianism.Liam Shields - 2020 - Philosophy Compass 15 (11):1-10.
    Sufficientarianism is a position in debates about distributive justice. Sufficientarianism states that whether individuals have secured enough of some goods is a question that is central to determining whether a society is just. In this paper I provide an overview of this work, and highlight what I think are the most interesting recent contributions to it. Towards the end, I describe a way forward for sufficientarians and argue, in stark contrast to Frankfurt, that sufficientarian accounts of distributive justice should be (...)
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  19.  18
    The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams.Patricia M. Shields, Maurice Hamington & Joseph Soeters (eds.) - 2022 - Oxford University Press.
    The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams is a selective collection of original analyses offered by an international group of social and political theorists who have contributed to the burgeoning field of Addams Studies. This collection pays particular attention to her contributions to scholarly fields of sociology and philosophy as well as to more professional disciplines of public administration and social work. Furthermore, this volume signifies Addams's globalimpact as scholars from all over the world contribute to the tapestry of her intellectual (...)
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  20. Philosophical Speech Acts.Matthew Shields - 2020 - Philosophy 95 (4):497-521.
    The prevailing view among contemporary analytic philosophers seems to be that, as philosophers, we primarily issue assertions. Following certain suggestions from the work of Rudolf Carnap and Sally Haslanger, I argue that the non-assertoric speech act of stipulation plays a key role in philosophical inquiry. I give a detailed account of the pragmatic structure of stipulations and argue that they are best analyzed as generating a shared inferential entitlement for speaker and audience, a license to censure those who give uptake (...)
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  21. What Organisms Once Were and Might Yet Be.Christopher Shields - 2017 - Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 9 (7).
    Organisms receded from view in much of twentieth-century biology, only to undergo a sort of renaissance at the start of the twenty-first. The story of why this should be so is complicated and fascinating, but belongs primarily to the history of biology. On the other hand, to the extent that it is so, a question naturally arises: what, after all, are organisms? This question has a long and complicated history of its own, both within and without of biology; an investigation (...)
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  22. Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground between God and Evolution.Kenneth R. Miller - 2002 - Journal of the History of Biology 35 (1):181-183.
     
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  23.  39
    Aristotle.Christopher Shields & J. D. G. Evans - 1990 - Philosophical Review 99 (3):443.
  24.  17
    The Philosophy of Aquinas.Robert Pasnau & Christopher Shields - 2004 - New York, NY: Westview. Edited by Robert Pasnau.
    Beginning with a brief overview of Aquinas’ life and philosophical career, the authors introduce his overarching explanatory framework in order to provide the necessary background to his substantive theorizing in a wide range of areas: rational theology, metaphysics, philosophy of human nature, philosophy of mind, and ethical and political theory. Although not intended to provide a comprehensive evaluation of all aspects of Aquinas’ far-reaching writings, the volume does present a systematic introduction to the principal areas of his philosophy, attending no (...)
  25. On the Pragmatics of Deep Disagreement.Matthew Shields - 2018 - Topoi (5):999-1015.
    In this paper, I present two tools that help shed light on deep disagreements and their epistemological consequences. First, I argue that we are best off construing deep disagreements as disagreements over conflicting understandings of certain concepts. More specifically, I suggest that deep disagreements are disagreements over how to understand concepts that play what Michael Friedman calls a “constitutive” role for speakers. Second, I argue that we need a better understanding of what speakers are doing when they engage in deep (...)
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  26.  59
    Logic and sin in the writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein.Philip R. Shields - 1993 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Philip R. Shields shows that ethical and religious concerns inform even the most technical writings on logic and language, and that, for Wittgenstein, the need to establish clear limitations is both a logical and an ethical demand. Rather than merely saying specific things about theology and religion, major texts from the Tractatus to the Philosophical Investigations express their fundamentally religious nature by showing that there are powers which bear down upon and sustain us. Shields finds a religious view (...)
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  27.  63
    Mind and Imagination in Aristotle.Christopher Shields - 1992 - Philosophical Review 101 (2):371.
  28. Locke on personal identity.Kenneth Winkler - 1991 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 29 (2):201-226.
  29.  94
    The Homonymy of the Body in Aristotle.Christopher Shields - 1993 - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 75 (1):1-30.
  30.  14
    Practical aesthesis.Rob Shields & Nicholas Hardy - 2024 - Thesis Eleven 180 (1):15-36.
    Aesthesis, the classical term for sensing and perceiving, is at the heart of innumerable problems that plague global society. The purpose of this article is to open a conversation on aesthesis. We survey the roots and relevance of aesthesis as a direct albeit contested relation and engagement with the world and with Others. From its pre-Socratic origins, aesthesis has been both a pragmatic, somatic concept, prompting a re-evaluation of the distinction between experience and abstraction. We trace its ongoing repression from (...)
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  31.  73
    The Truth Evaluability of Stoic Phantasiai : Adversus Mathematicos VII 242-46.Christopher John Shields - 1993 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 31 (3):325-347.
  32.  76
    De Anima.Christopher Shields (ed.) - 2016 - Oxford University Press UK.
    Christopher Shields presents a new translation and commentary of Aristotle's De Anima, a work of interest to philosophers at all levels, as well as psychologists and students interested in the nature of life and living systems. The volume provides a full translation of the complete work, together with a comprehensive commentary. While sensitive to philological and textual matters, the commentary addresses itself to the philosophical reader who wishes to understand and assess Aristotle's accounts of the soul and body; perception; (...)
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  33. The philosophy of literary form: studies in symbolic action.Kenneth Burke - 1973 - Berkeley: University of California Press.
    Probes the nature of linguistic or symbolic action as it relates to specific novels, plays, and poems.
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  34.  17
    Virtualities.Rob Shields - 2006 - Theory, Culture and Society 23 (2-3):284-286.
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  35. The Subjecthood of Souls and Some Other Forms: A Response to Granger.Christopher Shields - 1995 - Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 13:161-176.
  36. Representing the Parent Analogy.Jannai Shields - 2022 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 13 (4).
    I argue that Stephen Wykstra’s much discussed Parent Analogy is helpful in responding to the evidential problem of evil when it is expanded upon from a positive skeptical theist framework. This framework, defended by John Depoe, says that although we often remain in the dark about the first-order reasons that God allows particular instances of suffering, we can have positive second-order reasons that God would create a world with seemingly gratuitous evils. I respond to recent challenges to the Parent Analogy (...)
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  37.  19
    Only a theory: evolution and the battle for America's soul.Kenneth Raymond Miller - 2008 - New York: Viking Penguin.
    A well-regarded scientist who offered expert testimony at the high-profile 2005 trial over the teaching of evolution in Dover, Pennsylvania, presents an ...
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  38.  35
    The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics.Daniel Cozort & James Mark Shields (eds.) - 2018 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    Many forms of Buddhism, divergent in philosophy and style, emerged as Buddhism filtered out of India into other parts of Asia. Nonetheless, all of them embodied an ethical core that is remarkably consistent. Articulated by the historical Buddha in his first sermon, this moral core is founded on the concept of karma--that intentions and actions have future consequences for an individual--and is summarized as Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood, three of the elements of the Eightfold Path. Although they (...)
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  39.  14
    Human Rights and Nation-State Sovereignty.David Pan - 2023 - Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary 2023 (203):99-108.
    ExcerptHuman rights organizations for the past few decades have generally attempted to promote international law against the principle of state sovereignty in order to establish human rights norms worldwide. This approach presumes the universality of human rights is in fundamental opposition to the principle of sovereignty because this principle can be used by governments to shield themselves from outside criticism. By contrast, the U.S. State Department’s Report of the Commission on Unalienable Rights has outlined an approach that emphasizes not just (...)
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  40.  21
    There’s No Crying in Baseball, or Is There? Male Athletes, Tears, and Masculinity in North America.Heather J. MacArthur & Stephanie A. Shields - 2015 - Emotion Review 7 (1):39-46.
    We explore men’s negotiation of emotional expression within larger social discourses around masculinity. Drawing on the phenomenon of men’s crying within the competitive sports context, we demonstrate that although the prevailing image of men’s emotion is one of constricted expression and experience, inexpressivity is representative neither of typical nor ideal masculinity in contemporary dominant culture. We first review the literature on prevailing cultural beliefs about normative male emotional expression, then focus on literature specific to men’s tears. Turning to a discussion (...)
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  41.  46
    The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy.Kenneth P. Winkler, Anne Conway, Allison P. Coudert & Taylor Corse - 1999 - Philosophical Review 108 (4):585.
    Anne Conway’s Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, first published in 1690, is probably the most ambitious contribution to early modern metaphysics by a woman writing in the English language. This beautifully prepared edition makes Conway’s treatise available to twentieth-century readers in an accessible English translation of the 1690 Latin text—itself a translation of an original English manuscript that has long been lost.
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  42.  83
    Lefebvre, love, and struggle: spatial dialectics.Rob Shields - 1999 - New York: Routledge.
    Lefebvre, Love and Struggle provides the only comprehensive guide to Lefebvre's work. It is an accessible introduction to one of the most significant European thinkers of the twentieth century. Rob Shields draws on the full range of Lefebvre's writings, including many previously untranslated and unpublished works and correspondence. Topics covered include Lefebvre's early relationship with Marxism, his critique of the rise of fascism, as well as his Critique of Everyday Life and the significant work on urban space for which (...)
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  43.  26
    Reference and the Rational Mind.Kenneth Allen Taylor - 2003 - CSLI Publications.
    Referentialism has underappreciated consequences for our understanding of the ways in which mind, language, and world relate to one another. In exploring these consequences, this book defends a version of referentialism about names, demonstratives, and indexicals, in a manner appropriate for scholars and students in philosophy or the cognitive sciences. To demonstrate his view, Kenneth A. Taylor offers original and provocative accounts of a wide variety of semantic, pragmatic, and psychological phenomena, such as empty names, propositional attitude contexts, the (...)
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  44.  23
    Virtual Presence: Psychic Mereology in Francisco Suárez.Christopher Shields - 2014 - In Dominik Perler & Klaus Corcilius (eds.), Ockham on Emotions in the Divided Soul. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. pp. 199-218.
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  45.  33
    The philosophy of literary form.Kenneth Burke - 1957 - Baton Rouge,: Louisiana State University Press.
    Probes the nature of linguistic or symbolic action as it relates to specific novels, plays, and poems.
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  46.  37
    Reply to Critics.Liam Shields - 2018 - Law, Ethics and Philosophy 5 (5):210-230.
  47.  82
    The Art of Aidagara : Ethics, Aesthetics, and the Quest for an Ontology of Social Existence in Watsuji Tetsurō's Rinrigaku.James M. Shields - 2009 - Asian Philosophy 19 (3):265-283.
    This paper provides an analysis of the key term aidagara ('betweenness') in the philosophical ethics of Watsuji Tetsurō (1889-1960), in response to and in light of the recent movement in Japanese Buddhist studies known as 'Critical Buddhism'. The Critical Buddhist call for a turn away from 'topical' or intuitionist thinking and towards (properly Buddhist) 'critical' thinking, while problematic in its bipolarity, raises the important issue of the place of 'reason' vs 'intuition' in Japanese Buddhist ethics. In this paper, a comparison (...)
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  48.  61
    Whitehead and Analytic Philosophy of Mind.George W. Shields - 2012 - Process Studies 41 (2):287-336.
    My purpose in this essay is to provide a critical survey of arguments within recent analytic philosophy regarding the so-called “mind-body problem” with a particular view toward the relationship between these arguments and the philosophy of A.N. Whitehead (and Charles Hartshorne’s closely related views).1In course, I shall argue that Whitehead’s panexperientialist physicalism avoids paradoxes and difficulties of both materialist-physicalism and Cartesian dualismas advocated by a variety of analytic philosophers. However, and I believe that this point is not often sufficiently recognized, (...)
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  49.  79
    Plato’s Divided Soul.Christopher Shields - 2014 - In Dominik Perler & Klaus Corcilius (eds.), Ockham on Emotions in the Divided Soul. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. pp. 15-38.
  50.  37
    The Undivided Self: Aristotle and the ‘Mind-Body’ Problem.Christopher Shields - 2023 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 101 (2):508-511.
    The quotation marks around ‘Mind-Body’ in the phrase ‘Mind-Body Problem’ in the title of this book already encourage its readers to reflect on the question of what precisely that problem is meant t...
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