Results for 'Kenneth Shields'

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  1. Neurodiversity.Kenneth Shields - 2022 - In Ezio Di Nucci, Ji-Young Lee & Isaac A. Wagner (eds.), The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Bioethics. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
     
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  2. A Dilemma For Neurodiversity.Kenneth Shields & David Beversdorf - 2020 - Neuroethics 14 (2):125-141.
    One way to determine whether a mental condition should be considered a disorder is to first give necessary and sufficient conditions for something to be a disorder and then see if it meets these conditions. But this approach has been criticized for begging normative questions. Concerning autism (and other conditions), a neurodiversity movement has arisen with essentially two aims: (1) advocate for the rights and interests of individuals with autism, and (2) de-pathologize autism. We argue that denying autism’s disorder status (...)
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  3. Moral internalism, amoralist skepticism and the factivity effect.Kenneth Shields - 2016 - Philosophical Psychology 29 (8):1095-1111.
    Philosophers are divided over moral internalism, the claim that moral judgement entails some motivation to comply with that judgement. Against moral internalism, externalists defend the conceptual coherence of scenarios in which an individual makes genuine moral judgements but is entirely unmoved by them. This is amoralist skepticism and these scenarios can be called amoralist scenarios. While the coherence of amoralist scenarios is disputed, philosophers seem to agree that the coherence of amoralist scenarios is not affected by whether the amoralist is (...)
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  4.  19
    The Origin of the Tocharian Locative Suffixes.Kenneth Shields - 1982 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 102 (1):129-131.
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  5.  23
    Explaining ideology: Two factors are better than one.Philip Robbins & Kenneth Shields - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (3):326-328.
    Hibbing et al. (2014) contend that individual differences in political ideology can be substantially accounted for in terms of differences in a single psychological factor, namely, strength of negativity bias. We argue that, given the multidimensional structure of ideology, a better explanation of ideological variation will take into account both individual differences in negativity bias and differences in empathic concern.
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  6.  15
    A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology.Jared S. Klein & Kenneth C. Shields - 1996 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 116 (2):351.
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  7.  18
    Book Review Section 4. [REVIEW]Dai Weidong, Maureen W. Mcclure, Portia H. Shields, Kenneth E. Martin, Reba Page & Barbara Senkowski Stengel - 1988 - Educational Studies 19 (3-4):433-471.
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  8.  28
    Book Review Section 4. [REVIEW]Dai Weidong, Maureen W. Mcclure, Portia H. Shields, Kenneth E. Martin, Reba Page & Barbara Senkowski Stengel - 1988 - Educational Studies: A Jrnl of the American Educ. Studies Assoc 19 (3&4):433-471.
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  9.  8
    The emergence of the Weierstrassian approach to complex analysis.Kenneth R. Manning - 1975 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 14 (4):297-383.
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  10. .Kenneth R. Westphal - 2016
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  11. Defending pluralism about compositional explanations.Kenneth Aizawa & Carl Gillett - 2019 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 78:101-202.
    In the New Mechanist literature, most attention has focused on the compositional explanation of processes/activities of wholes by processes/activities of their parts. These are sometimes called “constitutive mechanistic explanations.” In this paper, we defend moving beyond this focus to a Pluralism about compositional explanation by highlighting two additional species of such explanations. We illuminate both Analytic compositional explanations that explain a whole using a compositional relation to its parts, and also Standing compositional explanations that explain a property of a whole (...)
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  12. Aristotle.Christopher John Shields - 2007 - New York: Routledge.
  13.  41
    Why the Anti-reductionist Consensus Won’t Survive the Case of Classical Mendelian Genetics.C. Kenneth Waters - 1990 - PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1990 (1):125-139.
    Philosophers now treat the relationship between Classical Mendelian Genetics and molecular biology as a paradigm of nonreduction and this example is playing an increasingly prominent role in debates about the reducibility of theories ranging from macrosocial science to folk psychology. Patricia Churchland (1986), for example, draws an analogy between the alleged elimination of the “causal mainstay” of classical genetics and her view that today’s psychological theory will be eliminated by neuroscience. Patricia Kitcher takes an autonomous rather than eliminativist view of (...)
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  14.  91
    Multiple realization and multiple “ways” of realization: A progress report.Kenneth Aizawa - 2018 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 68:3-9.
    One might have thought that if something has two or more distinct realizations, then that thing is multiply realized. Nevertheless, some philosophers have claimed that two or more distinct realizations do not amount to multiple realization, unless those distinct realizations amount to multiple “ways” of realizing the thing. Corey Maley, Gualtiero Piccinini, Thomas Polger, and Lawrence Shapiro are among these philosophers. Unfortunately, they do not explain why multiple realization requires multiple “ways” of realizing. More significantly, their efforts to articulate multiple (...)
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  15.  23
    On practising in sport: towards an ascetological understanding of sport.Kenneth Aggerholm - 2016 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 43 (3):350-364.
    Within the philosophy of sport, the phenomenon of practising has received very little attention, whereas other related aspects of sport such as excellence and competition have been subjected to many and thorough studies. This essay will attempt to clarify this particular phenomenon of practising through the notion of athletic ascetics, which will be analysed as a special variant of askēsis. Drawing especially on Foucault’s lectures on ascetics in ancient philosophy and Sloterdijk’s anthropology of the practising life, the essay outlines and (...)
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  16.  72
    Explaining Systematicity.Kenneth Aizawa - 1997 - Mind and Language 12 (2):115-136.
    Despite the considerable attention that the systematicity argument has enjoyed, it is worthwhile examining the argument within the context of similar explanatory arguments from the history of science. This kind of analysis helps show that Connectionism, qua Connectionism, really does not have an explanation of systematicity. Second, and more surprisingly, one finds that the systematicity argument sets such a high explanatory standard that not even Classicism can explain the systematicity of thought.
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  17.  57
    Is perceiving bodily action?Kenneth Aizawa - 2019 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 18 (5):933-946.
    One of the boldest claims one finds in the enactivist and embodied cognition literature is that perceiving is bodily action. Research on the role of eye movements in vision have been thought to support PBA, whereas research on paralysis has been thought to pose no challenge to PBA. The present paper, however, will argue just the opposite. Eye movement research does not support PBA, whereas paralysis research presents a strong challenge that seems not to have been fully appreciated.
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  18.  16
    Is perceiving bodily action?Kenneth Aizawa - 2019 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 18 (5):933-946.
    One of the boldest claims one finds in the enactivist and embodied cognition literature is that perceiving is bodily action. Research on the role of eye movements in vision have been thought to support PBA, whereas research on paralysis has been thought to pose no challenge to PBA. The present paper, however, will argue just the opposite. Eye movement research does not support PBA, whereas paralysis research presents a strong challenge that seems not to have been fully appreciated.
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  19. Aristotle.Christopher Shields - 2007 - In . Routledge.
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  20.  15
    Bubbles & Squat – did Dionysus just sneak into the fitness centre?Kenneth Aggerholm & Signe Højbjerre Larsen - 2018 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 45 (2):189-203.
    ABSTRACTA Danish fitness chain recently introduced a new concept called Bubbles & Squat. Here, fitness training is combined with free champagne and music. In this paper, we examine this new way of bringing parties, alcohol and physical culture together by exploring the possible meaning of it through existential philosophical analysis. We draw in particular on Nietzsche’s distinction between the Apolline and the Dionysiac, as well as his account of great health. On this basis, we analyse Bubbles & Squat as a (...)
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  21. The comparative psychology of uncertainty monitoring and metacognition.J. Smith, W. Shields & D. Washburn - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (3):317-339.
    Researchers have begun to explore animals' capacities for uncertainty monitoring and metacognition. This exploration could extend the study of animal self-awareness and establish the relationship of self-awareness to other-awareness. It could sharpen descriptions of metacognition in the human literature and suggest the earliest roots of metacognition in human development. We summarize research on uncertainty monitoring by humans, monkeys, and a dolphin within perceptual and metamemory tasks. We extend phylogenetically the search for metacognitive capacities by considering studies that have tested less (...)
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  22.  84
    Neurodiversity and Autism Advocacy: Who Fits Under the Autism Tent?Kenneth A. Richman - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (4):33-34.
    McCoy, Liu, Lutz, and Sisti (2020) raise concerns about “partial representation,” in which nonelected advocates or advocacy organizations fail to engage and hold themselves accountable to the full range of people they purport to represent. They are right to point out that the autism community is vulnerable to partial representation. This open peer commentary notes some elements among those engaged with autism that may not fit under the type of “federated model” of representation McCoy, et al recommend. Advocates should tread (...)
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  23.  39
    Aristotle.Christopher Shields & J. D. G. Evans - 1990 - Philosophical Review 99 (3):443.
  24.  57
    On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables.Kenneth MacCorquodale & Paul E. Meehl - 1948 - Psychological Review 55 (2):95-107.
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  25. On the Pragmatics of Deep Disagreement.Matthew Shields - 2018 - Topoi (5):999-1015.
    In this paper, I present two tools that help shed light on deep disagreements and their epistemological consequences. First, I argue that we are best off construing deep disagreements as disagreements over conflicting understandings of certain concepts. More specifically, I suggest that deep disagreements are disagreements over how to understand concepts that play what Michael Friedman calls a “constitutive” role for speakers. Second, I argue that we need a better understanding of what speakers are doing when they engage in deep (...)
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  26.  80
    Consciousness: Don't Give Up on the Brain.Kenneth Aizawa - 2010 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 67:263-284.
    In the extended mind literature, one sometimes finds the claim that there is no neural correlate of consciousness. Instead, there is a biological or ecological correlate of consciousness. Consciousness, it is claimed, supervenes on an entire organism in action. Alva Noë is one of the leading proponents of such a view. This paper resists Noë's view. First, it challenges the evidence he offers from neuroplasticity. Second, it presses a problem with paralysis. Third, it draws attention to a challenge from the (...)
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  27.  74
    Computation in cognitive science: it is not all about Turing-equivalent computation.Kenneth Aizawa - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 41 (3):227-236.
    It is sometimes suggested that the history of computation in cognitive science is one in which the formal apparatus of Turing-equivalent computation, or effective computability, was exported from mathematical logic to ever wider areas of cognitive science and its environs. This paper, however, indicates some respects in which this suggestion is inaccurate. Computability theory has not been focused exclusively on Turing-equivalent computation. Many essential features of Turing-equivalent computation are not captured in definitions of computation as symbol manipulation. Turing-equivalent computation did (...)
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  28.  63
    Mind and Imagination in Aristotle.Christopher Shields - 1992 - Philosophical Review 101 (2):371.
  29.  22
    Triangulation of History Using Textual Data.Kenneth D. Aiello & Michael Simeone - 2019 - Isis 110 (3):522-537.
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  30. After Philosophy: End or Transformation?Kenneth Baynes, James Bohman & Thomas McCarthy (eds.) - 1986 - MIT Press.
    The selectionsfrom the work of fourteen contemporary philosophers not only display the multiplicity of approachesbeing pursued since the breakup of any consensus on what philosophy is, but also help to clarifythis proliferation of views and ...
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  31. Hylomorphic Offices.Christopher Shields - 2019 - Ancient Philosophy Today 1 (2):215-236.
    Neo-Aristotelian hylomorphism has struggled to arrive at anything approaching a consensus regarding the notion of form. Contending that no ‘right-minded modern’ could embrace anything akin to Arist...
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  32.  35
    The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics.Daniel Cozort & James Mark Shields (eds.) - 2018 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    Many forms of Buddhism, divergent in philosophy and style, emerged as Buddhism filtered out of India into other parts of Asia. Nonetheless, all of them embodied an ethical core that is remarkably consistent. Articulated by the historical Buddha in his first sermon, this moral core is founded on the concept of karma--that intentions and actions have future consequences for an individual--and is summarized as Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood, three of the elements of the Eightfold Path. Although they (...)
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  33.  15
    How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law: Justifying Strict Objectivity Without Debating Moral Realism.Kenneth R. Westphal - 2016 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press UK.
    Kenneth R. Westphal presents an original interpretation of Hume's and Kant's moral philosophies, the differences between which are prominent in current philosophical accounts. Westphal argues that focussing on these differences, however, occludes a decisive, shared achievement: a distinctive constructivist account of the basic principles of justice which justifies their strict objectivity without invoking moral realism nor moral anti- or irrealism. Westphal explores how Hume developed a kind of constructivism for basic property rights and for government, and how Kant greatly (...)
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  34.  27
    An activation–verification model for letter and word recognition: The word-superiority effect.Kenneth R. Paap, Sandra L. Newsome, James E. McDonald & Roger W. Schvaneveldt - 1982 - Psychological Review 89 (5):573-594.
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  35.  7
    Medical Informatics and the Concept of Disease.Kenneth F. Schaffner - 2000 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics: Philosophy of Medical Research and Practice 21 (1):85-101.
    This paper attempts to address the general question whether information technologies, as applied in the area of medicine and health care, have or are likely to change fundamental concepts regarding disease and health. After a short excursion into the domain of medical informatics I provide a brief overview of some of the current theories of what a disease is from a more philosophical perspective, i.e., the "value free" and "value laden" view of disease. Next, I consider at some length, whether (...)
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  36. Soul and Body in Aristotle.Christopher Shields - 1988 - Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 6:103.
     
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  37.  14
    Human Rights and Nation-State Sovereignty.David Pan - 2023 - Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary 2023 (203):99-108.
    ExcerptHuman rights organizations for the past few decades have generally attempted to promote international law against the principle of state sovereignty in order to establish human rights norms worldwide. This approach presumes the universality of human rights is in fundamental opposition to the principle of sovereignty because this principle can be used by governments to shield themselves from outside criticism. By contrast, the U.S. State Department’s Report of the Commission on Unalienable Rights has outlined an approach that emphasizes not just (...)
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  38.  4
    After "on Denoting": Themes From Russell and Meinong.Nicholas Griffin, Kenneth Blackwell & Dale Jacquette (eds.) - 2007 - Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: Mcmaster University, Bertrand Russell Research Centre.
  39.  38
    Reply to Critics.Liam Shields - 2018 - Law, Ethics and Philosophy 5 (5):210-230.
  40.  37
    Aristotle on Substance: The Paradox of Unity.Christopher Shields & Mary Louise Gill - 1992 - Philosophical Review 101 (4):840.
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  41.  40
    Aristotle’s Theory of Material Substance: Heat and Pneuma, Form and Soul.Christopher Shields & Gad Freudenthal - 1997 - Philosophical Review 106 (4):632.
    Fortunately, there is heat; and Freudenthal is keen to promote it as an overlooked central factor in Aristotle’s theory of material substance. He begins in agreement with the many scholars who argue that Aristotle’s theory of the four elements underdetermines the plain fact that there are organic substances which exhibit both synchronic and diachronic unity. He goes further than most, however, by arguing that left unaugmented Aristotle’s account of the four basic elements would positively preclude the existence of these forms (...)
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  42.  79
    Plato’s Divided Soul.Christopher Shields - 2014 - In Dominik Perler & Klaus Corcilius (eds.), Ockham on Emotions in the Divided Soul. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. pp. 15-38.
  43.  64
    Reduction: the Cheshire cat problem and a return to roots.Kenneth F. Schaffner - 2006 - Synthese 151 (3):377-402.
    In this paper, I propose two theses, and then examine what the consequences of those theses are for discussions of reduction and emergence. The first thesis is that what have traditionally been seen as robust, reductions of one theory or one branch of science by another more fundamental one are a largely a myth. Although there are such reductions in the physical sciences, they are quite rare, and depend on special requirements. In the biological sciences, these prima facie sweeping reductions (...)
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  44.  44
    Introduction to the Philosophy of Sport.Kenneth Aggerholm - 2014 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 8 (2):203-208.
  45.  18
    Childhood in China.Kenneth A. Abbott & William Kessen - 1979 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 99 (3):493.
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  46.  23
    Could Bertrand Russell's barber have bitten his own teeth? A problem of logic and definitions.Kenneth John Aitken - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (4):416-417.
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  47.  13
    “If it looks like a duck…” – why humans need to focus on different approaches than insects if we are to become efficiently and effectively ultrasocial.Kenneth John Aitken - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.
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  48.  14
    “It takes two to know one” – Tongue protrusion-retraction is only one small facet of early intersubjectivity.Kenneth J. Aitken - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  49.  27
    A synthesis of work in cognitive science: A. Clark: Surfing uncertainty: Prediction, action, and the embodied mind. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2015, 424pp. £19.99 HB.Kenneth Aizawa - 2016 - Metascience 25 (3):487-490.
    A review of Andy Clark's Surfing Uncertainty.
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  50.  65
    Nanotechnology in Edmonton: An Actantial Diagram or, Paradoxes of Innovation.Yun-Csang Ghimn & Rob Shields - 2014 - Semiotics:259-268.
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