Results for 'Shaver, John Hayward'

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  1.  8
    Religion, Evolution, and the Basis of Institutions: The Institutional Cognition Model of Religion.John H. Shaver & Connor Wood - 2018 - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture 2 (2):1-20.
    Few outstanding questions in the human behavioral sciences are timelier or more urgently debated than the evolutionary source of religious behaviors and beliefs. Byproduct theorists locate the origins of religion in evolved cognitive defaults and transmission biases. Others have argued that cultural evolutionary processes integrated non-adaptive cognitive byproducts into coherent networks of supernatural beliefs and ritual that encouraged in-group cooperativeness, while adaptationist models assert that the cognitive and behavioral foundations of religion have been selected for at more basic levels. Here, (...)
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  2.  18
    How Does Male Ritual Behavior Vary Across the Lifespan?John H. Shaver & Richard Sosis - 2014 - Human Nature 25 (1):136-160.
    Ritual behaviors of some form exist in every society known to anthropologists. Despite this universality, we have little understanding of how ritual behavior varies within populations or across the lifespan, nor the determinants of this variation. Here we test hypotheses derived from life history theory by using behavioral observations and oral interview data concerning participant variation in Fijian kava-drinking ceremonies. We predicted that substantial variation in the frequency and duration of participation would result from (1) trade-offs with reproduction and (2) (...)
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  3. What Does God Know? Supernatural Agents' Access to Socially Strategic and Non-Strategic Information.Benjamin G. Purzycki, Daniel N. Finkel, John Shaver, Nathan Wales, Adam B. Cohen & Richard Sosis - 2012 - Cognitive Science 36 (5):846-869.
    Current evolutionary and cognitive theories of religion posit that supernatural agent concepts emerge from cognitive systems such as theory of mind and social cognition. Some argue that these concepts evolved to maintain social order by minimizing antisocial behavior. If these theories are correct, then people should process information about supernatural agents’ socially strategic knowledge more quickly than non-strategic knowledge. Furthermore, agents’ knowledge of immoral and uncooperative social behaviors should be especially accessible to people. To examine these hypotheses, we measured response-times (...)
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  4. Problems, methods, and theories in the study of politics, or what's wrong with political science and what to do about it.Ariela Gross, Clarissa Hayward, Courtney Jung, John Kane, Adolph Reed Jr, Rogers Smith, Peter Swenson & Nomi Stolzenberg - 2002 - Political Theory 30 (4):588-611.
  5.  32
    Commentary on theological resources from the physical sciences.John F. Hayward - 1966 - Zygon 1 (1):31-32.
  6.  42
    The uses of myth in an age of science.John F. Hayward - 1968 - Zygon 3 (2):205-218.
  7.  38
    Disenchanting Global Justice: Liberalism, Capitalism and Finance.Anahí Wiedenbrüg, Tim Hayward & John O’Neill - 2022 - Contemporary Political Theory 21 (3):475-497.
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  8.  10
    Responses to contraction: The University of Hull, 1979–1984. [REVIEW]John Hayward - 1988 - Minerva 24 (1):74-97.
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  9. Democracy and the Claims of Nature: Critical Perspectives for a New Century.Wilson Carey McWilliams, Bob Pepperman Taylor, Bryan G. Norton, Robyn Eckersley, Joe Bowersox, J. Baird Callicott, Catriona Sandilands, John Barry, Andrew Light, Peter S. Wenz, Luis A. Vivanco, Tim Hayward, John O'Neill, Robert Paehlke, Timothy W. Luke, Robert Gottlieb & Charles T. Rubin (eds.) - 2002 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    In Democracy and the Claims of Nature, the leading thinkers in the fields of environmental, political, and social theory come together to discuss the tensions and sympathies of democratic ideals and environmental values. The prominent contributors reflect upon where we stand in our understanding of the relationship between democracy and the claims of nature. Democracy and the Claims of Nature bridges the gap between the often competing ideals of the two fields, leading to a greater understanding of each for the (...)
     
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  10. Henry Sidgwick (review).Robert Shaver - 2003 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 41 (4):569-570.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Philosophy 41.4 (2003) 569-570 [Access article in PDF] Ross Harrison, editor. Henry Sidgwick. New York: Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. v + 122. Cloth, $24.95. Henry Sidgwick consists of papers by Stefan Collini, John Skorupski, and Ross Harrison, with replies by Jonathan Rée, Onora O'Neill, and Roger Crisp.Collini's rich and witty paper considers two pictures of Victorian (...)
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  11.  22
    Rational Egoism: A Selective and Critical History.Robert Shaver - 2009 - Cambridge University Press.
    The position of rational egoism centres upon the thought that the rational thing to do must be to pursue one's own self-interest. Focusing on the work of Hobbes and Sidgwick, this book is an extensive history and evaluation of rational egoism. They are, after the ancients, the foremost exponents of rational egoism. He also considers other figures - Grotius, Samuel Clarke, John Clarke, Butler, Hume, Reid, Kant, Paley and Bentham - and a related position: the instrumental theory of rationality. (...)
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  12.  52
    The invention of the psychosocial: An introduction.Rhodri Hayward - 2012 - History of the Human Sciences 25 (5):3-12.
    Although the compound adjective ‘psychosocial’ was first used by academic psychologists in the 1890s, it was only in the interwar period that psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers began to develop detailed models of the psychosocial domain. These models marked a significant departure from earlier ideas of the relationship between society and human nature. Whereas Freudians and Darwinians had described an antagonistic relationship between biological instincts and social forces, interwar authors insisted that individual personality was made possible through collective organization. This (...)
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  13.  44
    Michael Lapidge, The Cult of St Swithun. With contributions by John Crook, † Robert Deshman, and Susan Rankin. Oxford: Clarendon Press, for the Winchester Excavations Committee; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xxvi, 811 plus color frontispiece and 16 black-and-white plates; 5 black-and-white figures and 13 tables. [REVIEW]Paul Antony Hayward - 2005 - Speculum 80 (1):251-253.
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  14.  35
    Imagining the King’s Death: Figurative Treason, Fantasies of Regicide, 1793–1796, John Barrell, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. [REVIEW]Danny Hayward - 2013 - Historical Materialism 21 (1):196-208.
    This review essay has two divisions. In its first division it sets out a brief overview of recent Marxist research in the field of ‘Romanticism’, identifying two major lines of inquiry. On the one hand, the attempt to expand our sense of what might constitute a ruthless critique of social relations; on the other, an attempt to develop a materialist account of aesthetic disengagement. This first division concludes with an extended summary of John Barrell’s account of the treason trials (...)
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  15.  56
    Zunshine, Lisa. Strange Concepts and the Stories they Make Possible: Cognition, Culture, Narrative. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. Pp. 232. [REVIEW]M. Hayward & F. L. Aldama - 2012 - Substance 41 (3):180-182.
    In Strange Concepts and The Stories they Make Possible: Cognition, Culture, Narrative, Lisa Zunshine widens her scope from an erstwhile singular focus on Theory of Mind (inferring interior states from exterior expression and gesture) in fiction, turning her sights toward a branch of psychology aimed at the study of the early cognitive development of humans. Here she explores our distinctive mental capacity to ascribe a function to objects (a chair is to sit, etc.) and an essence to living creatures (the (...)
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  16.  5
    Maria Hayward, ed., The Great Wardrobe Accounts of Henry VII and Henry VIII. (London Record Society Publications 47.) London: London Record Society, 2012. Pp. liv, 335. $45. ISBN: 9780900952524. [REVIEW]John Oldland - 2013 - Speculum 88 (4):1105-1106.
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  17.  12
    Undercover Surrealism: Picasso, Miro, Masson and the Vision of Georges Bataille.John Phillips & Ma Shaoling - 2006 - Theory, Culture and Society 23 (7-8):253-262.
    This article considers the Undercover Surrealism exhibition curated at London’s Hayward Gallery and reflects on the practices of documentation, archiving and exhibition when the topic of the exhibition, as in this case, is a journal that in its most radical intention was set up to critique the practices of exhibition and documentation. The short and controversial life of Georges Bataille’s Documents unfolds as an often deliberately confusing juxtaposition of images and articles. The exhibition aims to represent both the sometimes (...)
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  18.  7
    Undercover Surrealism.John W. P. Phillips & Ma Shaoling - 2006 - Theory, Culture and Society 23 (7-8):253-262.
    This article considers the Undercover Surrealism exhibition curated at London’s Hayward Gallery and reflects on the practices of documentation, archiving and exhibition when the topic of the exhibition, as in this case, is a journal that in its most radical intention was set up to critique the practices of exhibition and documentation. The short and controversial life of Georges Bataille’s Documents unfolds as an often deliberately confusing juxtaposition of images and articles. The exhibition aims to represent both the sometimes (...)
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  19.  16
    Time Hayward and John O'Neill (eds.), Justice, property and the environment: Social and legal perspectives. [REVIEW]William H. Hughes - 1999 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 11 (3):249-252.
  20. Utilitarianism, liberty, representative government.John Stuart Mill - 1972 - London,: Dent.
    John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was a British philosopher, political economist, civil servant, and Member of Parliament.
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  21.  67
    Ethics.John Aristotle & Warrington - 1950 - New York,: Dutton. Edited by J. A. K. Thomson.
    We will next speak of Liberality. Now this is thought to be the mean state, having for its object-matter Wealth: I mean, the Liberal man is praised not in the circumstances of war, nor in those which constitute the character of perfected self-mastery, nor again in judicial decisions, but in respect of giving and receiving Wealth, chiefly the former. By the term Wealth I mean all those things whose worth is measured by money.
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  22. Loneliness in medicine and relational ethics: A phenomenology of the physician-patient relationship.John D. Han, Benjamin W. Frush & Jay R. Malone - 2024 - Clinical Ethics 19 (2):171-181.
    Loneliness in medicine is a serious problem not just for patients, for whom illness is intrinsically isolating, but also for physicians in the contemporary condition of medicine. We explore this problem by investigating the ideal physician-patient relationship, whose analogy with friendship has held enduring normative appeal. Drawing from Talbot Brewer and Nir Ben-Moshe, we argue that this appeal lies in a dynamic form of companionship incompatible with static models of friendship-like physician-patient relationships: a mutual refinement of embodied virtue that draws (...)
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  23.  23
    Dasein disclosed: John Haugeland's Heidegger.John Haugeland - 2013 - Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Edited by Joseph Rouse.
    At his death in 2010, the Anglo-American analytic philosopher John Haugeland left an unfinished manuscript summarizing his life-long engagement with Heidegger’s Being and Time. As illuminating as it is iconoclastic, Dasein Disclosed is not just Haugeland’s Heidegger—this sweeping reevaluation is a major contribution to philosophy in its own right.
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  24.  44
    Philosophy of religion.John Hick - 1973 - Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,: Prentice-Hall.
  25. The moral inefficacy of carbon offsetting.Tyler M. John, Amanda Askell & Hayden Wilkinson - forthcoming - Australasian Journal of Philosophy.
    Many real-world agents recognise that they impose harms by choosing to emit carbon, e.g., by flying. Yet many do so anyway, and then attempt to make things right by offsetting those harms. Such offsetters typically believe that, by offsetting, they change the deontic status of their behaviour, making an otherwise impermissible action permissible. Do they succeed in practice? Some philosophers have argued that they do, since their offsets appear to reverse the adverse effects of their emissions. But we show that (...)
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  26.  59
    One principle and three fallacies of disability studies.John Harris - 2001 - Journal of Medical Ethics 27 (6):383-387.
    My critics in this symposium illustrate one principle and three fallacies of disability studies. The principle, which we all share, is that all persons are equal and none are less equal than others. No disability, however slight, nor however severe, implies lesser moral, political or ethical status, worth or value. This is a version of the principle of equality. The three fallacies exhibited by some or all of my critics are the following: Choosing to repair damage or dysfunction or to (...)
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  27.  55
    Consent and end of life decisions.John Harris - 2003 - Journal of Medical Ethics 29 (1):10-15.
    This paper discusses the role of consent in decision making generally and its role in end of life decisions in particular. It outlines a conception of autonomy which explains and justifies the role of consent in decision making and criticises some misapplications of the idea of consent, particular the role of fictitious or “proxy” consents.Where the inevitable outcome of a decision must be that a human individual will die and where that individual is a person who can consent, then that (...)
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  28.  49
    Memory.Carl Windhorst & John Sutton - 2011 - In Massimo Marraffa & Alfredo Paternoster (eds.), Scienze cognitive: un'introduzione filosofica. Roma: Carocci. pp. 75-94.
    Remembering seems, to philosophers and scientists, one of the most mystifying of human activities. Yet natural language users have no problem understanding what is meant by ‘memory’. Memory is simply the ability to recall personally experienced events and certain kinds of information such as facts, names, or faces; or how to perform certain actions, like riding a bike or playing chess. It is on this basis that people sometimes make claims about themselves or others having a good or bad memory, (...)
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  29. Existentialism.John Macquarrie - 1972 - Philadelphia,: Westminster.
    There are already many excellent books on existentialism. Some of them deal with particular problem or particular existentialist writers. Most of those that deal with existentialism as a whole divide their subject-matter according to authors, presenting chapters on Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre, and the rest. Thus I think that there is room for the present book, which attempts a comprehensive examination and evaluation of existentialism, but does so by thematic treatment. That is to say, each chapter deals with a major theme (...)
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  30. Organ procurement: dead interests, living needs.John Harris - 2003 - Journal of Medical Ethics 29 (3):130-134.
    Cadaver organs should be automatically availableThe shortage of donor organs and tissue for transplantation constitutes an acute emergency which demands radical rethinking of our policies and radical measures. While estimates vary and are difficult to arrive at there is no doubt that the donor organ shortage costs literally hundreds of thousands of lives every year. “In the world as a whole there are an estimated 700 000 patients on dialysis . . .. In India alone 100 000 new patients present (...)
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  31. Moderate scientism in philosophy.Buckwalter Wesley & John Turri - 2018 - In Jeroen de Ridder, Rik Peels & Rene van Woudenberg (eds.), Scientism: Prospects and Problems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Moderate scientism is the view that empirical science can help answer questions in nonscientific disciplines. In this paper, we evaluate moderate scientism in philosophy. We review several ways that science has contributed to research in epistemology, action theory, ethics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. We also review several ways that science has contributed to our understanding of how philosophers make judgments and decisions. Based on this research, we conclude that the case for moderate philosophical scientism is strong: scientific (...)
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  32.  26
    Multimodal film analysis: how films mean.John A. Bateman - 2012 - New York: Routledge. Edited by Karl-Heinrich Schmidt.
    Analysing film. Distinguishing the filmic contribution to meaning -- Examples of filmic "textual organisation" -- Redrawing boundaries -- Organisation of the book -- Semiotics and documents. Semiotics and its relations to film -- The nature of discourse semantics -- The film as cinematographic document -- A combined view: filmic documents for filmic discourse -- Constructing the semiotic mode of film. Semiotic multimodality -- The internal organisation of semiotic strata -- Composing and combining semiotic modes -- Materiality and "epistemological commitment" -- (...)
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  33. Dissertations and discussions.John Stuart Mill - 1859 - New York,: Haskell House Publishers.
  34.  29
    Utilitarianism and on Liberty: Including 'Essay on Bentham' and Selections From the Writings of Jeremy Bentham and John Austin.John Stuart Mill - 2003 - Wiley-Blackwell.
    Including three of his most famous and important essays,Utilitarianism, On Liberty, and Essay onBentham, along with formative selections from Jeremy Benthamand John Austin, this volume provides a uniquely perspicuous viewof Mill's ethical and political thought. Contains Mill's most famous and influential works,Utilitarianism and On Liberty as well as hisimportant Essay on Bentham. Uses the 1871 edition of Utilitarianism, the last to bepublished in Mill's lifetime. Includes selections from Bentham and John Austin, the twothinkers who most influenced Mill. Introduction (...)
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  35.  6
    Time and myth.John S. Dunne - 1973 - Notre Dame [Ind.]: University of Notre Dame Press.
    The reviews of this book which greeted its appearance in America, where it won a Catholic Press Association Religious Book Award, speak for themselves. 'The real core of the book is the question that is raised - the demanding bone-crushing question we all face - alone - at one time - the question of death/life and immortality. In these few pages we set out on a journey - one that winds its way among ancient stories and myths ... one's constant (...)
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  36.  80
    Alcinous: The Handbook of Platonism.John Dillon (ed.) - 1993 - New York: Clarendon Press.
    John Dillon presents an English translation of Alcinous' Handbook of Platonism, accompanied by an introduction and a philosophical commentary which explain the ideas in the work and show their intellectual and historical context. The Handbook purports to be an introduction to the doctrines of Plato, but in fact gives us an excellent survey of Platonist thought in the second century AD.
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  37.  17
    One principle and a fourth fallacy of disability studies.John Harris - 2002 - Journal of Medical Ethics 28 (3):204-204.
    This brief paper shows that the idea of benefits to the subject compensating for the harms of disability is at best self defeating and at worst sinister. Equally benefits to third parties while real are dubious as compensating factors. This shows that disabilities are just that, a net loss and not a net gain.
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  38. Correction to John D. Norton “How to build an infinite lottery machine”.John D. Norton & Alexander R. Pruss - 2018 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 8 (1):143-144.
    An infinite lottery machine is used as a foil for testing the reach of inductive inference, since inferences concerning it require novel extensions of probability. Its use is defensible if there is some sense in which the lottery is physically possible, even if exotic physics is needed. I argue that exotic physics is needed and describe several proposals that fail and at least one that succeeds well enough.
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  39.  41
    Self-reported inner speech relates to phonological retrieval ability in people with aphasia.Mackenzie E. Fama, Mary P. Henderson, Sarah F. Snider, William Hayward, Rhonda B. Friedman & Peter E. Turkeltaub - 2019 - Consciousness and Cognition 71:18-29.
  40.  15
    Social Signaling and the Warrior-Big-Man among the Western Dani.Paul Roscoe, Richard J. Chacon, Douglas Hayward & Yamilette Chacon - 2019 - Human Nature 30 (2):176-191.
    We employ the Social Signaling Model and life history of a Western Dani big-man, Tibenuk, to analyze a neglected curiosity in the career of the big-man type. The big-man is renowned as an economic entrepreneur, the master of material displays. In New Guinea, however, big-men had invariably first gained fame and some influence as eminent warriors. The SSM accounts for this two-part career path by proposing that small-scale social organization rests on honest, competitive signaling of individual and collective fighting strength, (...)
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  41.  12
    Collected Works of John Stuart Mill: A System of Logic : Ratiocinative and Inductive : Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation. 7-8.John Stuart Mill - 1963
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  42. Ethical relativism.John Ladd - 1973 - Belmont, Calif.,: Wadsworth Pub. Co..
    Herodotus. Custom is king.--Engels, F. Ethics and law: eternal truths.--Sumner, W. G. Folkways.--Ross, W. D. The meaning of right.--Duncker, K. Ethical relativity?--Herskovits, M. J. Cultural relativism and cultural values.--Kluckhohn, C. Ethical relativity: sic et non.--Taylor, P. W. Social science and ethical relativism.--Ladd, J. The issue of relativism.--Redfield, R. The universally human and the culturally variable.--Bibliography (p. 145-146).
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  43. John Locke.John Woods - forthcoming - Argumentation.
     
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  44.  44
    Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: A multitechnique approach for improved understanding.J. G. Canadell, H. A. Mooney, D. D. Baldocchi, J. A. Berry, J. R. Ehleringer, C. B. Field, S. T. Gower, D. Y. Hollinger, J. E. Hunt, R. B. Jackson, S. W. Running, G. R. Shaver, W. Steffen, S. E. Trumbore, R. Valentini & B. Y. Bond - unknown
    Understanding terrestrial carbon metabolism is critical because terrestrial ecosystems play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Furthermore, humans have severely disrupted the carbon cycle in ways that will alter the climate system and directly affect terrestrial metabolism. Changes in terrestrial metabolism may well be as important an indicator of global change as the changing temperature signal. Improving our understanding of the carbon cycle at various spatial and temporal scales will require the integration of multiple, complementary and independent methods (...)
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  45. Legitimate and Illegitimate Uses of Police Force.John Kleinig - 2014 - Criminal Justice Ethics 33 (2):83-103.
    Utilizing a contractualist framework for understanding the basis and limits for the use of force by police, this article offers five limiting principles—respect for status as moral agents, proportionality, minimum force necessary, ends likely to be accomplished, and appropriate motivation—and then discusses uses of force that violate or risk violating those principles. These include, but are not limited to, unseemly invasions, strip searches, perp walks, handcuffing practices, post-chase apprehensions, contempt-of-cop arrests, overuse of intermediate force measures, coerced confessions, profiling, stop and (...)
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  46.  91
    Assisted reproductive technological blunders (ARTBs).John Harris - 2003 - Journal of Medical Ethics 29 (4):205-206.
    When things go wrong with assisted reproduction we should look at what’s best for everyone in the particular circumstancesA RTBs, as we must now call them, are becoming more and more frequent. In the recent United Kingdom case Mr and Mrs A, a “white” couple, gave birth to twins described as “black”. The mix up apparently occurred because a Mr and Mrs B, a “black” couple, were being treated in the same clinic and Mrs A’s eggs were fertilised with Mr (...)
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  47. The Middle Works, 1899-1924 Edited by Jo Ann Boydston; with an Introd. By Joe R. Burnett. --.John Dewey, Jo Ann Boydston & Illinois - 1976 - Southern Illinois University Press, C1976-1976.
     
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  48.  42
    D. Z. phillips1 on God and evil: John Hick.John Hick - 2007 - Religious Studies 43 (4):433-441.
    This a response to D. Z. Phillips's stringent critique of theodicies, including that suggested by myself. I offer counters to his array of arguments, and point to what I see as a fundamental flaw in his philosophy of religion. He appealed to religious language as used by ordinary religious persons. But his account of the meaning of this language was not that of the ordinary religious believer. He thus claimed, by implication, to know better than they did what they really (...)
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  49. Yaşam Piyangosu.John Harris - 2022 - Ethos: Dialogues in Philosophy and Social Sciences 15 (1):19-28. Translated by Bilhan Gözcü, Şeyma İmamoğlu, Remziye Hatice Sarıyar, Esma Nur Ülker, Alper Yavuz & Selman Yerinde.
    Bu yazı organ nakli ile ilgili şu soruyu ele almaktadır: Doktorlar sağlıklı bir kişinin organlarını alarak organ nakline gereksinim duyan birden fazla kişinin yaşamını kurtarırlarsa ahlaksal açıdan yanlış bir şey yapmış olurlar mı? Her ne kadar sağlıklı bir insanın organlarını alarak onun ölümüne neden olmak kabul edilemez görünse de bunu yapmamanın daha çok sayıda kişinin ölümüne neden olacağı düşünülürse ortada araştırılmaya değer bir soru olduğu görülür.
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  50.  5
    Tracking the Cognitive Band in an Open‐Ended Task.John R. Anderson, Shawn Betts, Daniel Bothell, Cvetomir M. Dimov & Jon M. Fincham - 2024 - Cognitive Science 48 (5):e13454.
    Open‐ended tasks can be decomposed into the three levels of Newell's Cognitive Band: the Unit‐Task level, the Operation level, and the Deliberate‐Act level. We analyzed the video game Co‐op Space Fortress at these levels, reporting both the match of a cognitive model to subject behavior and the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) to track subject cognition. The Unit Task level in this game involves coordinating with a partner to kill a fortress. At this highest level of the Cognitive Band, there is (...)
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