Results for 'Adam J. Saffer'

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  1.  17
    Communicating CSR relationships in COVID‐19: The evolution of cross‐sector communication networks on social media.Jingyi Sun, Jieun Shin, Yiqi Li, Yan Qu, Lichen Zhen, Hye Min Kim, Aimei Yang, Wenlin Liu & Adam J. Saffer - forthcoming - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility.
    Cross-sector relationship building is an important strategy in corporate social responsibility initiatives, and communicating cross-sector relationships on social media can help raise the visibility of collaborative relationships. A noticeable gap in the literature is how social media enables and constrains the formation patterns of cross-sector connections. To understand how businesses communicate their relationships with government agencies and nonprofits about social issues on social media, we propose a theoretical framework that centers public attention as a critical resource and considers different sectors' (...)
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  2. Color constancy: Phenomenal or projective?Adam J. Reeves, Kinjiro Amano & David H. Foster - 2008 - Perception and Psychophysics 70:219-228.
    Naive observers viewed a sequence of colored Mondrian patterns, simulated on a color monitor. Each pattern was presented twice in succession, first under one daylight illuminant with a correlated color temperature of either 16,000 or 4,000 K and then under the other, to test for color constancy. The observers compared the central square of the pattern across illuminants, either rating it for sameness of material appearance or sameness of hue and saturation or judging an objective property—that is, whether its change (...)
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  3. Lies, damned lies, and statistics: An empirical investigation of the concept of lying.Adam J. Arico & Don Fallis - 2013 - Philosophical Psychology 26 (6):790 - 816.
    There are many philosophical questions surrounding the notion of lying. Is it ever morally acceptable to lie? Can we acquire knowledge from people who might be lying to us? More fundamental, however, is the question of what, exactly, constitutes the concept of lying. According to one traditional definition, lying requires intending to deceive (Augustine. (1952). Lying (M. Muldowney, Trans.). In R. Deferrari (Ed.), Treatises on various subjects (pp. 53?120). New York, NY: Catholic University of America). More recently, Thomas Carson (2006. (...)
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  4.  70
    The Appeal to Expert Opinion: Quantitative Support for a Bayesian Network Approach.Adam J. L. Harris, Ulrike Hahn, Jens K. Madsen & Anne S. Hsu - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (6):1496-1533.
    The appeal to expert opinion is an argument form that uses the verdict of an expert to support a position or hypothesis. A previous scheme-based treatment of the argument form is formalized within a Bayesian network that is able to capture the critical aspects of the argument form, including the central considerations of the expert's expertise and trustworthiness. We propose this as an appropriate normative framework for the argument form, enabling the development and testing of quantitative predictions as to how (...)
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  5.  20
    Ethics and Education.J. W. L. Adams - 1968 - Philosophical Quarterly 18 (71):186-187.
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  6. The Asymmetrical Contributions of Pleasure and Pain to Animal Welfare.Adam J. Shriver - 2014 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23 (2):152-162.
    Recent results from the neurosciences demonstrate that pleasure and pain are not two symmetrical poles of a single scale of experience but in fact two different types of experiences altogether, with dramatically different contributions to well-being. These differences between pleasure and pain and the general finding that “the bad is stronger than the good” have important implications for our treatment of nonhuman animals. In particular, whereas animal experimentation that causes suffering might be justified if it leads to the prevention of (...)
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  7.  78
    Because Hitler did it! Quantitative tests of Bayesian argumentation using ad hominem.Adam J. L. Harris, Anne S. Hsu & Jens K. Madsen - 2012 - Thinking and Reasoning 18 (3):311 - 343.
    Bayesian probability has recently been proposed as a normative theory of argumentation. In this article, we provide a Bayesian formalisation of the ad Hitlerum argument, as a special case of the ad hominem argument. Across three experiments, we demonstrate that people's evaluation of the argument is sensitive to probabilistic factors deemed relevant on a Bayesian formalisation. Moreover, we provide the first parameter-free quantitative evidence in favour of the Bayesian approach to argumentation. Quantitative Bayesian prescriptions were derived from participants' stated subjective (...)
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  8.  36
    On the circumstances of justice.Adam J. Tebble - 2020 - European Journal of Political Theory 19 (1):3-25.
    An epistemic account of the circumstances of justice allows one to make three important claims about the Humean and Rawlsian ‘standard account’ of those circumstances. First, and contrary to Hume, the possibility and necessity of justice are rooted not in limited beneficence or confined generosity, but in the epistemic insight that the knowledge relevant to deciding what to do with the fruits of social cooperation is for a variety of reasons uncentralisable. Second, and regardless of whether Rawlsian ethical disagreement is (...)
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  9.  7
    The Color-Word Stroop Task Does Not Differentiate Cognitive Inhibition Ability Among Esports Gamers of Varying Expertise.Adam J. Toth, Magdalena Kowal & Mark J. Campbell - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  10.  49
    On the circumstances of justice.Adam J. Tebble - 2016 - European Journal of Political Theory:147488511666419.
    An epistemic account of the circumstances of justice allows one to make three important claims about the Humean and Rawlsian ‘standard account’ of those circumstances. First, and contrary to Hume,...
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  11.  24
    Unrealistic optimism about future life events: A cautionary note.Adam J. L. Harris & Ulrike Hahn - 2011 - Psychological Review 118 (1):135-154.
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  12.  91
    Breaking Out of Moral Typecasting.Adam J. Arico - 2012 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 3 (3):425-438.
    In their recent paper, Kurt Gray and Daniel Wegner offer a model of moral cognition, the “Moral Typecasting” thesis, in which they claim that perceptions of moral agency are inversely related to perceptions of moral patiency. Once we see someone as a moral agent, they claim, we cannot see them as a moral patient (and vice versa). In this paper, I want both to challenge the conception of morality on which the typecasting thesis is fundamentally based and to raise some (...)
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  13.  32
    Shamanic Journeying Imagery, Constructivism and the Affect Bridge Technique.Adam J. Rock & Peter B. Baynes - 2005 - Anthropology of Consciousness 16 (2):50-71.
  14. Unintentional Punishment.Adam J. Kolber - 2012 - Legal Theory 18 (1):1-29.
    Criminal law theorists overwhelmingly agree that for some conduct to constitute punishment, it must be imposed intentionally. Some retributivists have argued that because punishment consists only of intentional inflictions, theories of punishment can ignore the merely foreseen hardships of prison, such as the mental and emotional distress inmates experience. Though such distress is foreseen, it is not intended, and so it is technically not punishment. In this essay, I explain why theories of punishment must pay close attention to the unintentional (...)
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  15.  10
    The Phenomenology of Revelation in Heidegger, Marion, and Ricoeur.Adam J. Graves - 2021 - Lanham: Lexington Books.
    Adam Graves presents a new framework for understanding the importance of the concept of revelation in the development of phenomenology while also charting a path towards a more fruitful understanding of the relationship between reason and revelation, one that is rooted in a deeper appreciation of the complexities of our linguistic inheritance.
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  16.  20
    Experimental study of ostensibly shamanic journeying imagery in naïve participants I: Antecedents.Adam J. Rock, Peter B. Baynes & Paul J. Casey - 2005 - Anthropology of Consciousness 16 (2):72-92.
  17.  51
    James is polite and punctual (and useless): A Bayesian formalisation of faint praise.Adam J. L. Harris, Adam Corner & Ulrike Hahn - 2013 - Thinking and Reasoning 19 (3-4):414-429.
  18.  11
    Phenomenological analysis of experimentally induced visual mental imagery associated with shamanic journeying to the lower world.Adam J. Rock - 2006 - International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 25 (1):45-55.
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  19.  35
    Estimating the probability of negative events.Adam J. L. Harris, Adam Corner & Ulrike Hahn - 2009 - Cognition 110 (1):51-64.
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  20.  10
    Naming and identity in epistemic logic part II: a first-order logic for naming.Adam J. Grove - 1995 - Artificial Intelligence 74 (2):311-350.
  21.  2
    Q 30: 2‒5 in Near Eastern Context.Adam J. Silverstein - 2020 - Der Islam: Journal of the History and Culture of the Middle East 97 (1):11-42.
    This article aims to contextualize a short Qurʾānic passage – Q 30:2‒5 – with reference to Jewish and Christian materials that have not hitherto been deployed for this purpose. The article builds on the findings of recent scholarship, which reads this passage eschatologically rather than historically, and argues that there are, in fact, two texts that require contextualization: 1) The Qurʾānic verses themselves (which refer only to the fate of “the Romans”); and 2) The early exegetical traditions on these verses (...)
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  22.  52
    The limited right to alter memory.Adam J. Kolber - 2014 - Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (10):658-659.
    We like to think we own our memories: if technology someday enables us to alter our memories, we should have certain rights to do so. But our freedom of memory has limits. Some memories are simply too valuable to society to allow individuals the unfettered right to change them. Suppose a patient regains consciousness in the middle of surgery. While traumatized by the experience and incapable of speaking, he coincidentally overhears two surgeons make plans to set fire to the hospital. (...)
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  23.  19
    Economic precarity, modern liberal arts and creating a resilient graduate.Adam J. Smith - 2018 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 50 (11):1037-1044.
    From the perspective of a recent graduate, this article offers a critique of non-STEM higher education in England as unfit for purpose. Whilst universities blindly focus on employability, transferable skills and narrow bands of subject knowledge, the economic world around them has collapsed into absurdity. The graduate today is now faced with economic, social and cultural precarity which is unreflected in the rigid structures and narrow focus of their degree. This article seeks a radical return to the ancient principles of (...)
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  24.  36
    Anxiety, anticipation and contextual information: A test of attentional control theory.Adam J. Cocks, Robin C. Jackson, Daniel T. Bishop & A. Mark Williams - 2016 - Cognition and Emotion 30 (6).
  25.  11
    Investigating Medical Students’ Navigation of Ethical Dilemmas: Understanding the Breakdown and How to Solve It.Adam J. Wesevich, Lauren E. Gulbas & Hilary F. Ryder - 2023 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 14 (4):227-236.
    Purpose Medical students receive a varying amount of training in medical ethics and are expected to navigate clinical ethical dilemmas innately. There is little literature on attempts to navigate ethical dilemmas experienced during early clinical experiences and whether current curricula prepare students for these dilemmas. This study explores the different ethical dilemmas experienced by medical students on their third-year clerkships and analyzes the factors, sources, and resolutions proposed by them.Methods From 2016 to 2018, third-year medical students completed a written assignment (...)
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  26.  24
    Environmental Neuroethics: Bridging Environmental Ethics and Mental Health.Adam J. Shriver, Laura Y. Cabrera & Judy Illes - 2017 - American Journal of Bioethics 17 (9):26-27.
  27.  43
    Experimental Study of Ostensibly Shamanic Journeying Imagery in Naïve Participants II: Phenomenological Mapping and Modified Affect Bridge.Adam J. Rock, Paul J. Casey Rock & Peter B. Baynes - 2006 - Anthropology of Consciousness 17 (1):65-83.
  28.  20
    The End of Liberty.Adam J. Kolber - 2021 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 15 (3):407-424.
    Theorists treat liberty as a great equalizer. We can’t easily distribute equal welfare, but we can purport to distribute equal liberty. In fact, however, nothing about “equal liberty” is meaningfully equal. To demonstrate, I turn not to familiar cases of distributing positive goods but to the distribution of a negative good, namely carceral punishment. Many theorists believe we should impose proportional punishment by depriving offenders of liberty in proportion to their blameworthiness. In this manner, equally blameworthy offenders are said to (...)
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  29. Asymptotic conditional probabilities: The non-unary case.Adam J. Grove, Joseph Y. Halpern & Daphne Koller - 1996 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 61 (1):250-276.
    Motivated by problems that arise in computing degrees of belief, we consider the problem of computing asymptotic conditional probabilities for first-order sentences. Given first-order sentences φ and θ, we consider the structures with domain {1,..., N} that satisfy θ, and compute the fraction of them in which φ is true. We then consider what happens to this fraction as N gets large. This extends the work on 0-1 laws that considers the limiting probability of first-order sentences, by considering asymptotic conditional (...)
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  30. Context Modulates the Contribution of Time and Space in Causal Inference.Adam J. Woods, Matthew Lehet & Anjan Chatterjee - 2014 - In Marc J. Buehner (ed.), Time and causality. [Lausanne, Switzerland]: Frontiers Media SA.
     
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  31.  12
    Editorial: Progress in Computer Gaming and Esports: Neurocognitive and Motor Perspectives.Adam J. Toth, Cornelia Frank, David Putrino & Mark J. Campbell - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
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  32.  93
    AI, big data, and the future of consent.Adam J. Andreotta, Nin Kirkham & Marco Rizzi - 2022 - AI and Society 37 (4):1715-1728.
    In this paper, we discuss several problems with current Big data practices which, we claim, seriously erode the role of informed consent as it pertains to the use of personal information. To illustrate these problems, we consider how the notion of informed consent has been understood and operationalised in the ethical regulation of biomedical research (and medical practices, more broadly) and compare this with current Big data practices. We do so by first discussing three types of problems that can impede (...)
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  33. The hard problem of AI rights.Adam J. Andreotta - 2021 - AI and Society 36 (1):19-32.
    In the past few years, the subject of AI rights—the thesis that AIs, robots, and other artefacts (hereafter, simply ‘AIs’) ought to be included in the sphere of moral concern—has started to receive serious attention from scholars. In this paper, I argue that the AI rights research program is beset by an epistemic problem that threatens to impede its progress—namely, a lack of a solution to the ‘Hard Problem’ of consciousness: the problem of explaining why certain brain states give rise (...)
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  34.  33
    Akbar’s Dream.Adam J. T. Robarts - 2020 - Zeitschrift für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 72 (3):345-356.
  35.  24
    Kantian indifference about moral reason.Adam J. Roberts - 2019 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 42.
    The pessimistic arguments May challenges depend on an anti-Kantian philosophical assumption. That assumption is that what I call philosophical optimists about moral reason are also committed to empirical optimism, or what May calls “optimistic rationalism.” I place May's book in the literature by explaining how that assumption is resisted by Christine Korsgaard, one of May's examples of a contemporary Kantian.
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  36.  13
    Quasi-cyclical preferences in the ethics of Plato, Aristotle, and Kant.Adam J. Roberts - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45:e238.
    Bermúdez describes the extensionality principle as being “almost unquestioned.” This claim might come as a surprise to philosophers who work on agency and ethics. In Kantian deontological ethics and in Platonic or Aristotelian virtue ethics, our preferences for outcomes can be rationally affected by how those outcomes are framed in terms of maxims and character traits.
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  37.  82
    Ego boundaries, shamanic-like techniques, and subjective experience: An experimental study.Adam J. Rock, Jessica M. Wilson, Luke J. Johnston & Janelle V. Levesque - 2008 - Anthropology of Consciousness 19 (1):60-83.
    The subjective effects and therapeutic potential of the shamanic practice of journeying is well known. However, previous research has neglected to provide a comprehensive assessment of the subjective effects of shamanic-like journeying techniques on non-shamans. Shamanic-like techniques are those that demonstrate some similarity to shamanic practices and yet deviate from what may genuinely be considered shamanism. Furthermore, the personality traits that influence individual susceptibility to shamanic-like techniques are unclear. The aim of the present study was, thus, to investigate experimentally the (...)
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  38.  25
    Shamanism, Imagery Cultivation, and Psi-Signal Detection: A Theoretical Model, Experimental Protocol, and Preliminary Data.Adam J. Rock & Lance Storm - 2012 - International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 31 (2):91-102.
  39.  25
    Why does the universe exist? An advaita vedantic perspective.Adam J. Rock - 2005 - International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 24 (1):69-76.
    Debates concerning causal explanations of the universe tend to be based on a priori propositions . The present paper, however, addresses the metaphysical question, “Why does the universe exist?” from the perspective of a school of Hindu philosophy referred to as advaita vedanta and two of its a posteriori derived creation theories: the theory of simultaneous creation and the theory of non-causality . Objections to advaita vedanta are also discussed. It is concluded that advaita vedanta has the potential to make (...)
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  40.  20
    Expertise and decision-making in American football.Adam J. Woods, Alexander Kranjec, Matt Lehet & Anjan Chatterjee - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  41. Free will as a matter of law.Adam J. Kolber - 2016 - In Dennis Michael Patterson & Michael S. Pardo (eds.), Philosophical Foundations of Law and Neuroscience. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press UK.
     
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  42.  20
    Understanding the coherence of the severity effect and optimism phenomena: Lessons from attention.Adam J. L. Harris - 2017 - Consciousness and Cognition 50:30-44.
  43. Relativism.Maria Baghramian & Adam J. Carter - 2020 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Relativism has been, in its various guises, both one of the most popular and most reviled philosophical doctrines of our time. Defenders see it as a harbinger of tolerance and the only ethical and epistemic stance worthy of the open-minded and tolerant. Detractors dismiss it for its alleged incoherence and uncritical intellectual permissiveness. Debates about relativism permeate the whole spectrum of philosophical sub-disciplines. From ethics to epistemology, science to religion, political theory to ontology, theories of meaning and even logic, philosophy (...)
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  44.  23
    Putting philosophy to work: developing the conceptual architecture of research projects.Adam J. Nichol, Catherine Hastings & Dave Elder-Vass - 2023 - Journal of Critical Realism 22 (3):364-383.
    Research necessarily entails the close interrelation of concepts and arguments, including solutions to a range of meta-questions, whether acknowledged explicitly or not. Despite this, few detailed accounts currently exist that support researchers to develop their complex conceptual architectures, especially in critical realist spheres. Indeed, many published accounts often omit much of this ‘messiness’ that sits behind, yet is foundational to, research projects. Those accounts that do seek to portray how/why researchers have made decisions (e.g. about connections between research philosophy, methodology, (...)
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  45.  9
    Mundus Iovialis: Die Welt des Jupiter. Simon Marius, Joachim Schlor.Adam J. Apt - 1991 - Isis 82 (4):740-740.
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  46.  75
    Teaching Research Methods and Statistics in eLearning Environments: Pedagogy, Practical Examples, and Possible Futures.Adam J. Rock, William L. Coventry, Methuen I. Morgan & Natasha M. Loi - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  47.  11
    Property and Practical Reason.Adam J. MacLeod - 2015 - Cambridge University Press.
    Property and Practical Reason makes a moral argument for common law property institutions and norms, and challenges the prevailing dichotomy between individual rights and state interests and its assumption that individual preferences and the good of communities must be in conflict. One can understand competing intuitions about private property rights by considering how private property enables owners and their collaborators to exercise practical reason consistent with the requirements of reason, and thereby to become practically reasonable agents of deliberation and choice (...)
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  48.  5
    The age of selfies: reasoning about rights when the stakes are personal.Adam J. MacLeod - 2020 - Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
    The book prescribes a way to educate ourselves and our young people how to disagree well and lays out a framework for flourishing together in society despite our radical differences.
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  49. The myth and the meaning of science as a vocation.Adam J. Liska - 2005 - Ultimate Reality and Meaning 28 (2):149-164.
    Many natural scientists of the past and the present have imagined that they pursued their activity according to its own inherent rules in a realm distinctly separate from the business world, or at least in a realm where business tended to interfere with science from time to time, but was not ultimately an essential component, ‘because one thought that in science one possessed and loved something unselfish, harmless, self-sufficient, and truly innocent, in which man’s evil impulses had no part whatever’, (...)
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  50.  85
    The illusion of control: A Bayesian perspective.Adam J. L. Harris & Magda Osman - 2012 - Synthese 189 (S1):29-38.
    In the absence of an objective contingency, psychological studies have shown that people nevertheless attribute outcomes to their own actions. Thus, by wrongly inferring control in chance situations people appear to hold false beliefs concerning their agency, and are said to succumb to an illusion of control (IoC). In the current article, we challenge traditional conceptualizations of the illusion by examining the thesis that the IoC reflects rational and adaptive decision making. Firstly, we propose that the IoC is a by-product (...)
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