Results for 'gradational ontology'

988 found
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  1.  8
    The Ontological Capture of Reason and Revelation.Musa Alkadzim - 2023 - Kanz Philosophia : A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 9 (2):215-232.
    Reason and revelation are a topic that is debated by many parties to determine the position and superiority between reason and revelation. There are differences of opinion among thinkers regarding the position of reason and revelation. This debate has also attracted the attention of many Islamic thinkers, including Islamic philosophers. This paper explores the ontological capture of reason and revelation debate by two of the most prominent Sufi philosophers, Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā. This research employs a literature review as (...)
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  2. πολλαχῶς ἔστι; Plato’s Neglected Ontology.Mohammad Bagher Ghomi - manuscript
    This paper aims to suggest a new approach to Plato’s theory of being in Republic V and Sophist based on the notion of difference and the being of a copy. To understand Plato’s ontology in these two dialogues we are going to suggest a theory we call Pollachos Esti; a name we took from Aristotle’s pollachos legetai both to remind the similarities of the two structures and to reach a consistent view of Plato’s ontology. Based on this theory, (...)
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  3.  6
    Aristotle's gradations of being in Metaphysics E-Z.Joseph Owens - 2007 - South Bend, Ind.: St. Augustine's Press. Edited by Lloyd P. Gerson.
    (Book Epsilon): Macroscopic overview -- E 1 (English translation) -- The role of book epsilon in the Metaphysics -- Pure actuality and primacy in being -- Aristotelian sciences and their starting points (E 1.1025b3-1026a23) -- The universality of being qua being -- (Book Zeta): Microscopic investigation -- Z I (English translation) -- The meanings of ousia -- Essential being (to ti en einai) -- "Essential being" and singular thing -- "Essential being" and form -- Form and universal -- Form and (...)
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  4.  2
    Nature Humaine: industrialisation des affects et dégradation du réel.Alain van Kerckhoven - 2020 - [France]: Uqbar.
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  5.  6
    Berkeley's dualistic ontology.Talia Mae Bettcher - 2008 - Análisis Filosófico 28 (2):147-173.
    In this paper I defend the view that Berkeley endorses a spirit-idea dualism, and I explain what this dualism amounts to. Central to the discussion is Berkeley's claim that spirits and ideas are "entirely distinct." Taken as a Cartesian real distinction, the "entirely distinct" claim seems to be at odds with Berkeley's view that spirits are substances that support ideas by perceiving them. This has led commentators to deflate Berkeley's notion of "entire distinction" by reading it as analogous to the (...)
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  6.  5
    Coherence theory of knowledge: A gradational account. [REVIEW]Elke Brendel - 1999 - Erkenntnis 50 (2-3):293-307.
    A satisfactory theory of knowledge in which the shortcomings of a pure externalist account are avoided and in which the Gettier problem is solved should consist in a combination of externalist and internalist components. The internalist component should guarantee that the epistemic subject has cognitive access to the justifying grounds of her belief. And the externalist component should guarantee that the justification of her belief does not depend on any false statement. Keith Lehrer's coherence theory of knowledge as undefeated justification (...)
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  7.  5
    Metaphysical Penetrations: A Parallel English-Arabic Text.Mulla Sadra - 2014 - Brigham Young University.
    Mulla Sadra is one of the most prominent figures of post-Avicennan Islamic philosophy and among the most important philosophers of Safavid Persia. He was a prolific writer whose work advanced the fields of intellectual and religious science in Islamic philosophy, but arguably his most important contribution to Islamic philosophy is in the study of existence and its application to such areas as cosmology, epistemology, psychology, and eschatology. Sadra represents a paradigm shift from the Aristotelian metaphysics of fixed substances, which had (...)
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  8.  12
    كتاب المشاعر.Seyyed Hossein Nasr & Ibrahim Kalin (eds.) - 2014 - Provo, Utah: Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship.
    Mulla Sadra (ca. 1572-1640) is one of the most prominent figures of post-Avicennan Islamic philosophy and among the most important philosophers of Safavid Persia. He was a prolific writer whose work advanced the fields of intellectual and religious science in Islamic philosophy, but arguably his most important contribution to Islamic philosophy is in the study of existence (wujud) and its application to such areas as cosmology, epistemology, psychology, and eschatology. Sadra represents a paradigm shift from the Aristotelian metaphysics of fixed (...)
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  9.  11
    The book of metaphysical penetrations: a parallel English-Arabic text.Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī & Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm - 2014 - Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press. Edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr & İbrahim Kalın.
    Mulla Sadra (ca. 1572-1640) is one of the most prominent figures of post-Avicennan Islamic philosophy and among the most important philosophers of Safavid Persia. He was a prolific writer whose work advanced the fields of intellectual and religious science in Islamic philosophy, but arguably his most important contribution to Islamic philosophy is in the study of existence (wujud) and its application to such areas as cosmology, epistemology, psychology, and eschatology. Sadra represents a paradigm shift from the Aristotelian metaphysics of fixed (...)
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  10. Storie, ipotesi, gradi di verità.Venanzio Raspa - 2014 - Metodo. International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy 2 (2):141-163.
    Stories express hypotheses, interpretations of the world that have a certain degree of probability. To demonstrate this thesis I have adopted the notion of hypothesis, in a sense very close to the Meinongian concept of assumption, and a ‘metric’ conception of the values of the truth or falsity of a proposition – as that has been proposed in several ways by Peirce, Vasil’ev and Meinong. To show the the cognitive value of literary texts, and therefore their truth value, I take (...)
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  11. The Fragmentation of Being.Douglas I. Campbell - 2019 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 97 (3):634-635.
    This is a review of Kris McDaniel's book, 'The Fragmentation of Being'. In the book McDaniel defends ontological pluralism -- the doctrine that there are multiple 'ways of being' (i.e., multiple modes, or degrees, or orders, or levels, or gradations of existence). In defending ontological pluralism, McDaniel must reject the rival, Quinean position that there is at root just one generic way for a thing to exist: viz., by its falling in the domain of unrestricted quantification. McDaniel argues against Quine (...)
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  12. Transparent Pictures: On the Nature of Photographic Realism.Kendall L. Walton - 1984 - Critical Inquiry 11 (2):246-277.
    That photography is a supremely realistic medium may be the commonsense view, but—as Edward Steichen reminds us—it is by no means universal. Dissenters note how unlike reality a photograph is and how unlikely we are to confuse the one with the other. They point to “distortions” engendered by the photographic process and to the control which the photographer exercises over the finished product, the opportunities he enjoys for interpretation and falsification. Many emphasize the expressive nature of the medium, observing that (...)
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  13.  31
    Transparent pictures: On the nature of photographic realism.Kendall L. Walton - 1984 - Noûs 18 (1):67-72.
    That photography is a supremely realistic medium may be the commonsense view, but—as Edward Steichen reminds us—it is by no means universal. Dissenters note how unlike reality a photograph is and how unlikely we are to confuse the one with the other. They point to “distortions” engendered by the photographic process and to the control which the photographer exercises over the finished product, the opportunities he enjoys for interpretation and falsification. Many emphasize the expressive nature of the medium, observing that (...)
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  14. The conception of alethēs anthrōpos in Plotinus’ Enneads.Agnieszka Woszczyk - 2009 - Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 4 (4):61-70.
    The paper presents the ontological aspects of the conception of alēthēs anthrōpos and the problem of relations between individual human being and hypostases Psyche and Nous. According to Enn. I. 1 [53] the nature of man is twofold — man is zōon on the one hand, and man is psuchē on the second. But in the light of Plotinus’ monopsychism the genuine dimension of our being owns a beyond-individual character. The real capability of unification with Nous is one of the (...)
     
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  15.  32
    Structures of inner consciousness: Brentano onward.David Woodruff Smith - 2023 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 66 (8):1420-1439.
    For Brentano, an act of consciousness features a presentation of an object joined with an inner presentation – an ‘inner consciousness’ or inner awareness – of that object-presentation. On Mark Textor’s articulation of Brentano’s model, the act has the structure of a single experience directed upon a plurality, viz.: the object and the experience itself. I consider an alternative development of this Brentanian model. Drawing on Husserl’s part-whole ontology, I submit, the act itself has the structure of a whole (...)
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  16.  52
    Degrees of Being.Kris McDaniel - 2013 - Philosophers' Imprint 13.
    Let us agree that everything that there is exists, and that to be, to be real, and to exist are one and the same. Does everything that there is exist to the same degree? Or do some things exist more than others? Are there gradations of being? I argue that some entities exist more than others. Moreover, many of the notions in play in contemporary metaphysical discourse, such as fundamentality, perfect naturalness, and grounding ought to be cashed out in terms (...)
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  17. Life and consciousness – The Vedāntic view.Bhakti Niskama Shanta - 2015 - Communicative and Integrative Biology 8 (5):e1085138.
    In the past, philosophers, scientists, and even the general opinion, had no problem in accepting the existence of consciousness in the same way as the existence of the physical world. After the advent of Newtonian mechanics, science embraced a complete materialistic conception about reality. Scientists started proposing hypotheses like abiogenesis (origin of first life from accumulation of atoms and molecules) and the Big Bang theory (the explosion theory for explaining the origin of universe). How the universe came to be what (...)
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  18. The Origin of Arthur O. Lovejoy’s “Great Chain of Being” and Its Influence on The Western Tradition.Asım Kaya - 2022 - Felsefe Arkivi 57:39-62.
    The great chain of being is an ontological conception in which all beings, from inanimate things to God, are ranked on a scale according to their perfectness. This hierarchical scheme, though widely known in the history of ideas, was systematically addressed by Arthur Lovejoy in 1936. The great chain of being as formulated by Lovejoy is composed of three main principles, whose roots can be found in Plato and Aristotle’s philosophies. These principles are “the principle of plenitude”, “the principle of (...)
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  19.  10
    Avicenna and Avicennism in the Muslim Philosophical Thought on Ukrainian lands: Post-Classical Period.Mykhaylo Yakubovych - 2019 - Sententiae 38 (1):27-40.
    The article is dedicated to the development of Avicennism in the Ukrainian lands, first of all, in the works of Muslim thinkers who came from the South of Ukraine during the early Modern Era. Giving the importance of the legacy of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) for the Muslim philosophical and theological thought, the question arises of those areas of knowledge that have become common to both approaches. Since ontology of Ibn Sina is meant, in particular the idea of ​​a corresponding (...)
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  20.  6
    László Tengelyi’s Phenomenological Metaphysics of the World.Аndrei Patkul - 2020 - Studies in Transcendental Philosophy 1 (2-3).
    In my paper, I reconstruct the basic features of the metaphysical conception of the world in László Tengelyi. I outline that he understands the world and its existence as a fact. In opposition to traditional ontology, Tengelyi believes that the fact of the world is of necessary. However, its necessity is not of logical a priori nature but conditioned by the concordance of experience. One ought to point out that the Tengelyi’s phenomenological metaphysics of the world is limited by (...)
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  21.  13
    The Principle of Plenitude and Natural Theology in Nineteenth-Century Britain.Richard R. Yeo - 1986 - British Journal for the History of Science 19 (3):263-282.
    In his classic study,The Great Chain of Being, Arthur Lovejoy delineated a complex set of concepts and assumptions which referred to the perfection of God and the fullness of creation. In attempting to distil the basic or ‘unit idea’ which constituted this pattern of thought, he focused on the assumption that ‘the universe is aplenum formarumin which the range of conceivable diversity ofkindsof living things is exhaustively exemplified’. He called this the ‘principle of plenitude’. Lovejoy argued that this idea implied (...)
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  22.  16
    Ethics Based on Primacy of Existence (Aṣālat al-Wujūd) with a Focus on Mullā Sadrā's Primacy of Existence.Hossein Atrak & Manouchehr Shaminejad - 2023 - Journal of Philosophical Investigations 17 (45):99-115.
    This research endeavors to introduce a novel concept in ethics, namely ethics based on the primacy of existence, drawing upon Aṣālat al-wujūd, the theory of the primacy of existence in ontology. Mullā Sadrā's philosophy, which has three basic tenets—the primacy of existence, substantial motion (Ḥarakat-i Juharī), and gradation in existence (Tashkīk-i wujūd)—is the basis for this doctrine. The primacy of existence holds that quiddity is a mental construct and that existence is fundamental. The writers distinguished between two conceptions of (...)
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  23.  7
    Dialectic, rhetoric and contrast: the infinite middle of meaning.Richard Boulton - 2021 - Wilmington, Delaware: Vernon Press.
    By compiling an experimental method combining both dialectic and rhetoric, 'Dialectic, Rhetoric and Contrast: The Infinite Middle of Meaning' demonstrates how singular meanings can be rendered in a spectrum of 12 repeating concepts that are in a continuum, gradated and symmetrical. The ability to arrange meaning into this pattern opens enquiry into its ontology, and presents meaning as closer to the sensation of colours or musical notes than the bivalent oppositions depicted in classical logic. However, the experiment does not (...)
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  24. Spatial Information Theory.A. G. Cohn & D. M. Mark (eds.) - 2005 - Springer.
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory, COSIT 2005, held in Elliottville, NY, USA in September 2005. The 30 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on vagueness, uncertainty, and gradation; paths and routes; ontologies and semantics; ontologies and spatial relations; spatial reasoning: cognitive maps and spatial reasoning; time, change, and dynamics; landmarks and navigation; geographic information, and spatial behaviour.
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  25.  7
    Mullā Ṣadrā and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being.Latimah-Parvin Peerwani Arlington - 2012 - Philosophy East and West 62 (2):278-280.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Mullā Ṣadrā and Metaphysics: Modulation of BeingLatimah-Parvin Peerwani ArlingtonMullā Ṣadrā and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being. By Sajjad H. Rizvi. Culture and Civilization in the Middle East Series, edited by Ian Richard Netton. London and New York: Routledge, 2009. Pp. xii + 222. Hardcover $135.00.In Mullā Ṣadrā and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being, Sajjad H. Rizvi focuses on tashkīk (modulation), variously translated as the systematic ambiguity, analogical gradation, or just (...)
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  26.  7
    Science and Religion in the Thought of Nicolas Malebranche. [REVIEW]Robert McRae - 1987 - Review of Metaphysics 40 (3):577-578.
    The author looks to "deep structures" or "submerged" models to give insight into Malebranche's thought. He finds two such models: the traditional model of "substance," according to which things are organized in a hierarchy of genera and species, and the model of "number" which emerged in the seventeenth century, and in accordance with which relations are manipulated to establish further relations. The two archetypal concepts, the one old, the other new, create a tension in many areas of thought. This tension (...)
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  27.  14
    The controversy over res in philosophy of science and the mysteries of ontological neutrality.Ontological Neutrality - 2011 - Filozofia 66 (2):141.
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  28. Chapter two autobiography, ontology and responsibility Roy Elveton.Ontology Autobiography - 2009 - In B. P. O'Donohoe & R. O. Elveton (eds.), Sartre's second century. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press. pp. 17.
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  29.  14
    Potential Infinite Models and Ontologically Neutral Logic. [REVIEW]Theodore Hailperin & Ontologically Neutral Logic - 2001 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 30 (1):79-96.
    The paper begins with a more carefully stated version of ontologically neutral (ON) logic, originally introduced in (Hailperin, 1997). A non-infinitistic semantics which includes a definition of potential infinite validity follows. It is shown, without appeal to the actual infinite, that this notion provides a necessary and sufficient condition for provability in ON logic.
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  30.  20
    Irigarayan Ontology and the Possibilities of Sexual Difference.James Sares - 2022 - In Yvette Russell & Brenda Sharp (eds.), Horizons of Difference. Albany, NY, USA: The State University of New York. pp. 117–136.
    This chapter provides an account of sexual ontology, grounded in and responsive to Irigaray’s philosophy, that focuses on the question of possibility. I first consider possibility in terms of the ontological negativity of sexuate beings, whereby one sex or sexuate morphology does not exhaust all that that kind of being is or can be. Second, I consider how sexual difference, as a relational structure of being, engenders possibilities for sexuate beings to develop as irreducible individuals. With particular focus on (...)
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  31.  9
    caracteristica-actividad. See part-whole relation/steps-activity causal relation certainty in. See certainty.Basic Formal Ontology - 2010 - In Alain Auger & Caroline Barrière (eds.), Probing Semantic Relations: Exploration and Identification in Specialized Texts. John Benjamins. pp. 149.
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  32. Jonathan Edwards.Dispositional Ontology - 2009 - In Graham Oppy & Nick Trakakis (eds.), Medieval Philosophy of Religion: The History of Western Philosophy of Religion, Volume 2. Routledge. pp. 3--223.
     
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  33.  10
    Keith Campbell.Of Ontology - 2012 - In Lila Haaparanta & Heikki Koskinen (eds.), Categories of Being: Essays on Metaphysics and Logic. Oxford University Press, Usa. pp. 420.
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  34. Mario Bunge.Semantics To Ontology - 1974 - In Edgar Morscher, Johannes Czermak & Paul Weingartner (eds.), Problems in logic and ontology. Graz: Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst..
  35. History in the Philosophy of Heidegger.".Ontology Phenomenology - 1958 - Revue Internationale de Philosophie 12:117-32.
     
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  36.  8
    Chislwlm, Internalism, and Knowing that One Knows, CHRISTOPHER H. CONN.Ontological Minimalism - 2001 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 79 (2).
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  37. Bantu philosophy.Bantu Ontology - forthcoming - African Philosophy: A Classical Approach.
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  38.  4
    Index To Volume 5.Wild Ontology & Elaborating Environmental Pragmatism - 2000 - Ethics and the Environment 5 (2).
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  39.  12
    The Scope Argument, MICHAEL O'ROURKE.Against Musical Ontology & Aaron Ridley - 2003 - Journal of Philosophy 100 (3).
  40.  24
    The role of political ontology for Indigenous self-determination.Matthias Kramm - forthcoming - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy.
    In this paper, I defend the claim that addressing dominating ontologies is crucial for achieving Indigenous self-determination. Consequently, the struggle for Indigenous self-determination comprises not only an engagement with political practices, structures, and institutions, but also with political ontology. I first argue that implementing Indigenous self-determination requires an engagement with political ontology. I then introduce Iris Young’s conception of self-determination as non-domination as a way to engage with diverging ontologies within the political framework of federalism. In the final (...)
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  41. A unified social ontology.Francesco Guala & Frank Hindriks - 2015 - Philosophical Quarterly 65 (259):177-201.
    Current debates in social ontology are dominated by approaches that view institutions either as rules or as equilibria of strategic games. We argue that these two approaches can be unified within an encompassing theory based on the notion of correlated equilibrium. We show that in a correlated equilibrium each player follows a regulative rule of the form ‘if X then do Y’. We then criticize Searle's claim that constitutive rules of the form ‘X counts as Y in C’ are (...)
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  42.  12
    Models back in the bunk. [REVIEW]Deriving Methodology From Ontology & A. Decade of Feminist Economics - 2005 - Journal of Economic Methodology 12 (4):599-621.
    A review of U. Mäki (ed.). Fact and Fiction in Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. pp. xvi 384. ISBN 0521 00957. As people interested mainly in theory, methodologists and philos...
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  43. A Theory of Truthmaking: Metaphysics, Ontology, and Reality.Jamin Asay - 2020 - New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    The theory of truthmaking has long aroused skepticism from philosophers who believe it to be tangled up in contentious ontological commitments and unnecessary theoretical baggage. In this book, Jamin Asay shows why that suspicion is unfounded. Challenging the current orthodoxy that truthmaking's fundamental purpose is to be a tool for explaining why truths are true, Asay revives the conception of truthmaking as fundamentally an exercise in ontology: a means for coordinating one's beliefs about what is true and one's ontological (...)
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  44. Goran Sundholm.Ontologic Versus Epistemologic - 1994 - In Dag Prawitz & Dag Westerståhl (eds.), Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala: Papers From the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 373.
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  45. Does Ontology Rest on a Mistake?Stephen Yablo & Andre Gallois - 1998 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 72:229-283.
    [Stephen Yablo] The usual charge against Carnap's internal/external distinction is one of 'guilt by association with analytic/synthetic'. But it can be freed of this association, to become the distinction between statements made within make-believe games and those made outside them-or, rather, a special case of it with some claim to be called the metaphorical/literal distinction. Not even Quine considers figurative speech committal, so this turns the tables somewhat. To determine our ontological commitments, we have to ferret out all traces of (...)
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  46. Doing Ontology and Doing Justice: What Feminist Philosophy Can Teach Us About Meta-Metaphysics.Mari Mikkola - 2015 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 58 (7-8):780-805.
    Feminist philosophy has recently become recognised as a self-standing philosophical sub-discipline. Still, metaphysics has remained largely dismissive of feminist insights. Here I make the case for the value of feminist insights in metaphysics: taking them seriously makes a difference to our ontological theory choice and feminist philosophy can provide helpful methodological tools to regiment ontological theories. My examination goes as follows. Contemporary ontology is not done via conceptual analysis, but via quasi-scientific means. This takes different ontological positions to be (...)
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  47.  6
    At the Roots of Causality: Ontology and Aetiology from Avicenna to Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī.Francesco Omar Zamboni - 2023 - Boston: BRILL.
    The book investigates how Avicenna's doctrine of efficient causality relates to his general ontology, as well as how the two are interpreted, defended, and challenged in the early phase of Avicenna's Islamic reception (the eleventh and twelfth centuries).
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  48. Argument's value1.Ontological Arguments & G. O. D. In - 1998 - In William J. Wainwright (ed.), Philosophy of Religion. Routledge. pp. 2--54.
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  49. Temporal Ontology and Temporal Reference.Mark Steedman - unknown
    relations between events both require a more complex structure on the domain underlying the meaning representations than is commonly assumed. This paper proposes an ontology based on such notions as causation and consequence, rather than on purely temporal primitives. A central notion in the ontology..
     
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  50. The ontology of epistemic reasons.John Turri - 2009 - Noûs 43 (3):490-512.
    Epistemic reasons are mental states. They are not propositions or non-mental facts. The discussion proceeds as follows. Section 1 introduces the topic. Section 2 gives two concrete examples of how our topic directly affects the internalism/externalism debate in normative epistemology. Section 3 responds to an argument against the view that reasons are mental states. Section 4 presents two problems for the view that reasons are propositions. Section 5 presents two problems for the view that reasons are non-mental facts. Section 6 (...)
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