Results for 'Mitch Brown'

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  1.  12
    Origins of the Modern Career.David Mitch, John Brown & Marco H. D. Van Leeuwen - 2004 - Ashgate.
    This book originates from an international research program that is reassessing when and why modern careers emerged. With fifteen essays this volume brings together some of the most important results of this new field of research. Based upon the innovative use of micro-level historical sources, the contributions by economic and social historians reveal the emergence of identifiable career paths in a wide range of occupational settings in Europe and the Americas over the period 1800 to the end of World War (...)
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  2.  18
    Using the VIA Classification to Advance a Psychological Science of Virtue.Robert E. McGrath & Mitch Brown - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    The VIA Classification of Character Strengths and Virtue has received substantial attention since its inception as a model of 24 dimensions of positive human functioning, but less so as a potential contributor to a psychological science on the nature of virtue. The current paper presents an overview of how this classification could serve to advance the science of virtue. Specifically, we summarize previous research on the dimensional versus categorical characterization of virtue, and on the identification of cardinal virtues. We give (...)
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  3.  7
    Ostracism in menander's Samia.Mitch Brown - 2023 - Classical Quarterly 73 (1):466-469.
    This article identifies an ostracism joke in Menander's Samia (364–6) during a climactic scene in which the Athenian Demeas ejects the titular Chrysis from his house. The joke, uttered by a cook who is reacting to Chrysis’ expulsion, plays on the usage of ὄστρακα—broken pieces of pottery—as ballots in the institution of ostracism. The article proposes that the joke references the final abolition of ostracism during Demetrius of Phalerum's reign and reveals Menander's support for the regime.
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  4.  23
    Grounds for Ambiguity: Justifiable Bases for Engaging in Questionable Research Practices.Donald F. Sacco, Mitch Brown & Samuel V. Bruton - 2019 - Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (5):1321-1337.
    The current study sought to determine research scientists’ sensitivity to various justifications for engaging in behaviors typically considered to be questionable research practices by asking them to evaluate the appropriateness and ethical defensibility of each. Utilizing a within-subjects design, 107 National Institutes of Health principal investigators responded to an invitation to complete an online survey in which they read a series of research behaviors determined, in prior research, to either be ambiguous or unambiguous in their ethical defensibility. Additionally, each behavior (...)
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  5.  7
    Citation Ethics: An Exploratory Survey of Norms and Behaviors.Samuel V. Bruton, Alicia L. Macchione, Mitch Brown & Mohammad Hosseini - forthcoming - Journal of Academic Ethics:1-18.
    The ethics of citation has attracted increased attention in recent discussions of research and publication ethics, fraud and plagiarism. Little attempt has been made, however, to situate specific citation misbehaviors in terms of broader ethical practices and principles. To investigate researchers’ perceptions of citation norms, we surveyed active US researchers receiving federal funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Participants (_n_ = 257) were asked about citation (...)
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  6. What does character education mean to character education experts? A prototype analysis of expert opinions.Robert E. McGrath, Hyemin Han, Mitch Brown & Peter Meindl - 2022 - Journal of Moral Education 51 (2):219-237.
    Having an agreed-upon definition of character education would be useful for both researchers and practitioners in the field. However, even experts in character education disagree on how they would define it. We attempted to achieve greater conceptual clarity on this issue through a prototype analysis in which the features perceived as most central to character education were identified. In Study 1 (N = 77), we asked character education experts to enumerate features of character education. Based on these lists, we identified (...)
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  7.  17
    Differences in Support for Retractions Based on Information Hazards Among Undergraduates and Federally Funded Scientists.Donald F. Sacco, August J. Namuth, Alicia L. Macchione & Mitch Brown - forthcoming - Journal of Academic Ethics:1-16.
    Retractions have traditionally been reserved for correcting the scientific record and discouraging research misconduct. Nonetheless, the potential for actual societal harm resulting from accurately reported published scientific findings, so-called information hazards, has been the subject of several recent article retractions. As these instances increase, the extent of support for such decisions among the scientific community and lay public remains unclear. Undergraduates (Study 1) and federally funded researchers (Study 2) reported their support for retraction decisions described as due to misconduct, honest (...)
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  8.  22
    Personal Motivations and Systemic Incentives: Scientists on Questionable Research Practices.Samuel V. Bruton, Mary Medlin, Mitch Brown & Donald F. Sacco - 2020 - Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (3):1531-1547.
    As concern over the use of questionable research practices in academic science has increased over the last couple of decades, some reforms have been implemented and many others have been debated and recommended. While many of these proposals have merit, efforts to improve scientific practices are more likely to succeed when they are responsive to the prevailing views and concerns of scientists themselves. To date, there have been few efforts to solicit wide-ranging input from researchers on the topic of needed (...)
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  9. In Science We Trust? Being Honest About the Limits of Medical Research During COVID-19.Walter Veit, Rebecca Brown & Brian D. Earp - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (1):22-24.
    As a result of the world-wide COVID-19 epidemic, an internal tension in the goals of medicine has come to the forefront of public debate. Medical professionals are continuously faced with a tug of...
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  10.  62
    Conditional obligation and positive permission for agents in time.Mark A. Brown - 2000 - Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic 5 (2):83-111.
    This paper investigates the semantic treatment of conditional obligation, explicit permission (often called positive permission), and prohibition based on models with agents and branched time. In such models branches (rather than moments) are taken as basic, and the branching provides a way to represent the indeterminism which is normally presupposed by talk of free will, responsibility, action and ability. Careful treatment of the relation between ability and responsibility avoids many common problems with accounts of conditional obligation. Recognition of the generality (...)
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  11.  38
    Generalized quantifiers and the square of opposition.Mark Brown - 1984 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 25 (4):303-322.
  12. A Higher-Order Theory of Emotional Consciousness.Joseph LeDoux & Richard Brown - 2017 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114 (10):E2016-E2025.
    Emotional states of consciousness, or what are typically called emotional feelings, are traditionally viewed as being innately programed in subcortical areas of the brain, and are often treated as different from cognitive states of consciousness, such as those related to the perception of external stimuli. We argue that conscious experiences, regardless of their content, arise from one system in the brain. On this view, what differs in emotional and non-emotional states is the kind of inputs that are processed by a (...)
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  13. We might be afraid of black-box algorithms.Carissa Veliz, Milo Phillips-Brown, Carina Prunkl & Ted Lechterman - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47.
    Fears of black-box algorithms are multiplying. Black-box algorithms are said to prevent accountability, make it harder to detect bias and so on. Some fears concern the epistemology of black-box algorithms in medicine and the ethical implications of that epistemology. In ‘Who is afraid of black box algorithms? On the epistemological and ethical basis of trust in medical AI,' Durán and Jongsma seek to allay such fears. While some of their arguments are compelling, we still see reasons for fear.
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  14.  91
    Two miracles of general relativity.James Read, Harvey R. Brown & Dennis Lehmkuhl - 2018 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 64:14-25.
    We approach the physics of \emph{minimal coupling} in general relativity, demonstrating that in certain circumstances this leads to violations of the \emph{strong equivalence principle}, which states that, in general relativity, the dynamical laws of special relativity can be recovered at a point. We then assess the consequences of this result for the \emph{dynamical perspective on relativity}, finding that potential difficulties presented by such apparent violations of the strong equivalence principle can be overcome. Next, we draw upon our discussion of the (...)
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  15.  5
    Generalized ${\rm S}2$-like systems of propositional modal logic.Mark A. Brown - 1982 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 23 (1):53-61.
  16.  12
    Why am and eurisko appear to work.Douglas B. Lenat & John Seely Brown - 1984 - Artificial Intelligence 23 (3):269-294.
  17.  95
    Computational Models of Performance Monitoring and Cognitive Control.William H. Alexander & Joshua W. Brown - 2010 - Topics in Cognitive Science 2 (4):658-677.
    The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been the subject of intense interest as a locus of cognitive control. Several computational models have been proposed to account for a range of effects, including error detection, conflict monitoring, error likelihood prediction, and numerous other effects observed with single-unit neurophysiology, fMRI, and lesion studies. Here, we review the state of computational models of cognitive control and offer a new theoretical synthesis of the mPFC as signaling response–outcome predictions. This new synthesis has two interacting (...)
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  18. Einstein, the reality of space, and the action-reaction principle.Dennis Lehmkuhl, P. Ghose & Harvey Brown - unknown
    Einstein regarded as one of the triumphs of his 1915 theory of gravity - the general theory of relativity - that it vindicated the action-reaction principle, while Newtonian mechanics as well as his 1905 special theory of relativity supposedly violated it. In this paper we examine why Einstein came to emphasise this position several years after the development of general relativity. Several key considerations are relevant to the story: the connection Einstein originally saw between Mach's analysis of inertia and both (...)
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  19.  9
    On Preserving: Essays on Preservationism and Paraconsistent Logic.Raymond Jennings, Bryson Brown & Peter Schotch (eds.) - 2009 - University of Toronto Press.
  20.  67
    Making Room for a This-Worldly Physicalism.Barbara Gail Montero & Chris Brown - 2018 - Topoi 37 (3):523-532.
    Physicalism is thought to entail that mental properties supervene on microphysical properties, or in other words that all God had to do was to create the fundamental physical properties and the rest came along for free. In this paper, we question the all-god-had-to-do reflex.
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  21.  65
    Making Room for a This-Worldly Physicalism.Barbara Gail Montero & Christopher Devlin Brown - 2018 - Topoi 37 (3):523-532.
    Physicalism is thought to entail that mental properties supervene on microphysical properties, or in other words that all God had to do was to create the fundamental physical properties and the rest came along for free. In this paper, we question the all-god-had-to-do reflex.
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  22.  19
    On work-hardening in ordered alloys.A. E. Vidoz & L. M. Brown - 1962 - Philosophical Magazine 7 (79):1167-1175.
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  23. Algorithmic Bias and Risk Assessments: Lessons from Practice.Ali Hasan, Shea Brown, Jovana Davidovic, Benjamin Lange & Mitt Regan - 2022 - Digital Society 1 (1):1-15.
    In this paper, we distinguish between different sorts of assessments of algorithmic systems, describe our process of assessing such systems for ethical risk, and share some key challenges and lessons for future algorithm assessments and audits. Given the distinctive nature and function of a third-party audit, and the uncertain and shifting regulatory landscape, we suggest that second-party assessments are currently the primary mechanisms for analyzing the social impacts of systems that incorporate artificial intelligence. We then discuss two kinds of as-sessments: (...)
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  24.  55
    Brief body-scan meditation practice improves somatosensory perceptual decision making.Laura Mirams, Ellen Poliakoff, Richard J. Brown & Donna M. Lloyd - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (1):348-359.
    We have previously found that attention to internal somatic sensations during a heart beat perception task increases the misperception of external touch on a somatic signal detection task , during which healthy participants erroneously report feeling near-threshold vibrations presented to their fingertip in the absence of a stimulus. However, it has been suggested that mindful interoceptive attention should result in more accurate somatic perception, due to its non-evaluative and controlled nature. To investigate this possibility, 62 participants completed the SSDT before (...)
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  25.  12
    What Bioethics Owes Reproductive Justice.Sophie Schott, Virginia A. Brown & Faith Fletcher - 2024 - American Journal of Bioethics 24 (2):52-55.
    In the wake of the Supreme Court Decision, Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, Minkoff, Vullikanti, and Marshall (2024) argue that the unraveling of the constitutional right to abortion t...
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  26.  22
    Deconstructing Structural Injustices in the Clinic, Classroom, and Boardroom.Georgina Morley, Timothy E. Brown, Lauren R. Sankary & Sundus H. Riaz - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (3):29-32.
    Russell articulates compelling reasons that bioethicists and health care professionals should take individual responsibility for deconstructing structural injustices in healthcare through in...
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  27.  90
    Know Thyself: Well-Being and Subjective Experience.Joseph LeDoux, Richard Brown, Daniel S. Pine & Stefan G. Hofmann - 2018 - Cerebrum (2018).
  28.  31
    An integrated perspective on the relation between response speed and intelligence.Don van Ravenzwaaij, Scott Brown & Eric-Jan Wagenmakers - 2011 - Cognition 119 (3):381-393.
  29.  13
    Freud and The Post-Freudians.J. D. Uytman & J. A. C. Brown - 1963 - Philosophical Quarterly 13 (51):181.
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  30.  9
    Inhibiting intuition: Scaffolding children's theory construction about species evolution in the face of competing explanations.Samuel Ronfard, Sarah Brown, Erin Doncaster & Deborah Kelemen - 2021 - Cognition 211 (C):104635.
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  31. Moral foundations at work: New factors to consider in understanding the nature and role of ethics in organizations.G. R. Weaver & M. E. Brown - forthcoming - Behavioral Business Ethics.
     
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  32.  38
    Driver of discontent or escape vehicle: the affective consequences of mindwandering.Malia F. Mason, Kevin Brown, Raymond A. Mar & Jonathan Smallwood - 2013 - Frontiers in Psychology 4.
  33.  39
    Immanuel Kant among the Tenejapans: Anthropology as Empirical Philosophy.Stephen C. Levinson & Penelope Brown - 1994 - Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 22 (1):3-41.
  34. More on Self-Enslavement and Paternalism in Mill: D. G. Brown.D. G. Brown - 1989 - Utilitas 1 (1):144-150.
  35.  26
    Cord blood banking – bio-objects on the borderlands between community and immunity.Rosalind Williams & Nik Brown - 2015 - Life Sciences, Society and Policy 11 (1):1-18.
    Umbilical cord blood has become the focus of intense efforts to collect, screen and bank haematopoietic stem cells in hundreds of repositories around the world. UCB banking has developed through a broad spectrum of overlapping banking practices, sectors and institutional forms. Superficially at least, these sectors have been widely distinguished in bioethical and policy literature between notions of the ‘public’ and the ‘private’, the commons and the market respectively. Our purpose in this paper is to reflect more critically on these (...)
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  36.  21
    Ethical Leadership Perceptions: Does It Matter If You’re Black or White?Dennis J. Marquardt, Lee Warren Brown & Wendy J. Casper - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 151 (3):599-612.
    Ethical scandals in business are all too common. Due to the increased public awareness of the transgressions of business executives and the potential costs associated with these transgressions, ethical leadership is among the top qualities sought by organizations as they hire and promote managers. This search for ethical leaders intersects with a labor force that is becoming more racially diverse than ever before. In this paper, we propose that the ethical leadership qualities of business leaders may be perceived differently depending (...)
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  37.  37
    Relational Autonomy and the Quantified Relationship.Hannah Martens & Timothy Emmanuel Brown - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (2):39-40.
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  38.  5
    Animal plasma membrane energization by proton‐motive V‐ATPases.Helmut Wieczorek, Dennis Brown, Sergio Grinstein, Jordi Ehrenfeld & William R. Harvey - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (8):637-648.
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  39.  6
    Animal plasma membrane energization by proton-motive V-ATPases.Helmut Wieczorek, Dennis Brown, Sergio Grinstein, Jordi Ehrenfeld & William R. Harvey - 1999 - Bioessays 21 (8):637-648.
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  40. Pragmatic antirealism: a new antirealist strategy.Michael Scott & Philip Brown - 2012 - Philosophical Studies 161 (3):349-366.
    In everyday speech we seem to refer to such things as abstract objects, moral properties, or propositional attitudes that have been the target of metaphysical and/or epistemological objections. Many philosophers, while endorsing scepticism about some of these entities, have not wished to charge ordinary speakers with fundamental error, or recommend that the discourse be revised or eliminated. To this end a number of non-revisionary antirealist strategies have been employed, including expressivism, reductionism and hermeneutic fictionalism. But each of these theories faces (...)
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  41.  14
    Testing the Cross‐Cultural Generality of Hering's Theory of Color Appearance.Delwin T. Lindsey, Angela M. Brown & Ryan Lange - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (11):e12907.
    This study examines the cross‐cultural generality of Hering's (1878/1964) color‐opponent theory of color appearance. English‐speaking and Somali‐speaking observers performed variants of two paradigms classically used to study color‐opponency. First, both groups identified similar red, green, blue, and yellow unique hues. Second, 25 English‐speaking and 34 Somali‐speaking observers decomposed the colors present in 135 Munsell color samples into their component Hering elemental sensations—red,green,blue, yellow, white, and black—or else responded “no term.” Both groups responded no term for many samples, notably purples. Somali (...)
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  42.  44
    Mill on the Harm in Not Voting: D. G. Brown.D. G. Brown - 2010 - Utilitas 22 (2):126-133.
    Christopher Miles Coope offers a letter, drafted by Helen Taylor but certified by Mill, in which Mill asserts the duty to vote, as evidence that he could not have regarded harmfulness to others as a necessary condition of moral wrongness. But it is clear that Mill regarded the duty to vote as one of imperfect obligation, and the wrongness of not fulfilling it as a matter roughly of not doing enough, in this case not doing one's fair share. He has (...)
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  43. Humanitarianism and Suffering: The Mobilization of Empathy.Richard Ashby Wilson & Richard D. Brown (eds.) - 2008 - Cambridge University Press.
    Humanitarian sentiments have motivated a variety of manifestations of pity, from nineteenth-century movements to end slavery to the creation of modern international humanitarian law. While humanitarianism is clearly political, this text addresses the ways in which it is also an ethos embedded in civil society, one that drives secular and religious social and cultural movements, not just legal and political institutions. As an ethos, humanitarianism has a strong narrative and representational dimension that can generate humanitarian constituencies for particular causes. Essays (...)
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  44. The Paideia Seminar: Research Summary.Jodie L. McCall & Kim Brown - forthcoming - Paideia.
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  45. Sir Jonas Moore. Practical Mathematics and Restoration Science.F. Willmoth & J. Brown - 1994 - Annals of Science 51 (6):659-659.
     
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  46.  19
    Switching between Science and Culture in Transpecies Transplantation.Mike Michael & Nik Brown - 2001 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 26 (1):3-22.
    This article discusses xenotransplantation and examines the way its scientific promoters have defended their technology against potentially damaging public representations. The authors explore the criteria used to legitimate the selection of the pig as the best species from which to “harvest” transplant tissues in the future. The authors’ analysis shows that scientists and medical practitioners routinely switch between scientific and cultural repertoires. These repertoires enable such actors to exchange expert identities in scientific discourse for public identities in cultural discourse. These (...)
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  47.  17
    Buddhism and Science: Allies or Enemies?Philip Hefner, James F. Moore, Solomon H. Katz, Vlggo Mortensen, Varadaraja V. Raman, C. Mackenzie Brown & Pinit Ratanakul - 2002 - Zygon 37 (1):115-120.
    Buddhist teachings and modern science are analogous both in their approach to the search for truth and in some of the discoveries of contemporary physics, biology, and psychology. However, despite these congruencies and the recognized benefits of science, Buddhism reminds us of the dangers of a tendency toward scientific reductionism and imperialism and of the sciences’ inability to deal with human moral and spiritual values and needs. Buddhism and science have human concerns and final goals that are different, but as (...)
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  48.  25
    Is absolute identification always relative? Comment on Stewart, Brown, and Chater (2005).Scott Brown, A. A. J. Marley & Yves Lacouture - 2007 - Psychological Review 114 (2):528-532.
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  49.  66
    The Scientific Study of Consciousness Cannot and Should Not Be Morally Neutral.Matan Mazor, Simon Brown, Anna Ciaunica, Athena Demertzi, Johannes Fahrenfort, Nathan Faivre, Jolien C. Francken, Dominique Lamy, Bigna Lenggenhager, Michael Moutoussis, Marie-Christine Nizzi, Roy Salomon, David Soto, Timo Stein & Nitzan Lubianiker - 2023 - Perspectives on Psychological Science 18 (3):535-543.
    A target question for the scientific study of consciousness is how dimensions of consciousness, such as the ability to feel pain and pleasure or reflect on one’s own experience, vary in different states and animal species. Considering the tight link between consciousness and moral status, answers to these questions have implications for law and ethics. Here we point out that given this link, the scientific community studying consciousness may face implicit pressure to carry out certain research programs or interpret results (...)
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  50.  8
    Accumulating advantages: A new conceptualization of rapid multiple choice.Don van Ravenzwaaij, Scott D. Brown, A. A. J. Marley & Andrew Heathcote - 2020 - Psychological Review 127 (2):186-215.
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